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2.
B.
Melting point
C.
Reactivity
D.
Electronegativity
(i)
(Total 1 mark)
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(ii)
(2)
Explain why the first ionization energy of magnesium is higher than that of sodium.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
3.
Samples of sodium oxide and sulfur trioxide are added to separate beakers of water.
Deduce the equation for each reaction and identify each oxide as acidic, basic or neutral.
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(Total 3 marks)
4.
Carbon and silicon belong to the same group of the periodic table.
(a)
Distinguish between the terms group and period in terms of electron arrangement.
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(b)
(2)
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
5.
B.
C.
D.
6.
Which electron transitions are responsible for the colours of transition metal compounds?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Between d orbitals
(Total 1 mark)
7.
8.
9.
10.
Which change explains why the boiling points of the halogens increase as their molecular masses
increase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
Cs and F
B.
Cs and Cl
C.
Cs and Br
D.
Cs and I
(Total 1 mark)
Ligands can form dative covalent bonds with metal ions to form complex ions. Which of the
following can act as a ligand?
I.
Cl
II.
NH3
III.
H2O
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
Zn (NO3)2(aq)
(Total 1 mark)
B.
Ni (NO3)2(aq)
C.
Mg (NO3)2(aq)
D.
Sc (NO3)3(aq)
(Total 1 mark)
11.
When concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to a solution containing hydrated copper(II) ions,
the colour of the solution changes from light blue to green. The equation for the reaction is:
[Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl(aq) [CuCl4]2(aq) + 6H2O(l)
(i)
Explain what the square brackets around the copper containing species represent.
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(ii)
(1)
Explain why the [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ion is coloured and why the [CuCl4]2 ion has a different
colour.
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(2)
(Total 3 marks)
12.
State the equations for the reactions of sodium oxide, Na2O, and phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10, with
water.
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(Total 2 marks)
13.
14.
15.
II.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
II.
III.
The oxides of the elements change from acidic to basic across period 3.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(a)
State a balanced equation for the reaction of sodium with water. Include state symbols.
(b)
With reference to electronic arrangements, suggest why the reaction between rubidium and
water is more vigorous than that between sodium and water.
(Total 1 mark)
(2)
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
16.
Describe and explain what you will see if chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of
(i)
potassium iodide.
(ii)
potassium fluoride.
(2)
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
17.
Explain why the melting points of the elements decrease down group 1 and increase down group 7.
18.
(Total 4 marks)
I.
II.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
19.
20.
(i)
(ii)
(Total 1 mark)
(Total 3 marks)
(2)
Describe the acid-base behaviour of AlCl3, Na2O and P4O10. Include suitable equations in
your answer.
(4)
(iii)
21.
22.
23.
Explain whether AlCl3 and Al2O3 will conduct in the solid or molten state.
(3)
(Total 9 marks)
Melting point
B.
Electronegativity
C.
Atomic radius
D.
Ionic radius
(Total 1 mark)
P4O10
II.
MgO
III.
SO3
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
(2)
(b)
Explain why sulfur, S8, has a higher melting point than phosphorus, P4.
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(c)
(2)
Explain why silicon has the highest melting point and argon has the lowest melting point.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
24.
The periodic table shows the relationship between electron arrangement and the properties of
elements and is a valuable tool for making predictions in chemistry.
(i)
Identify the property used to arrange the elements in the periodic table.
(ii)
Outline two reasons why electronegativity increases across period 3 in the periodic table and
one reason why noble gases are not assigned electronegativity values.
(1)
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
25.
(i)
(ii)
Explain the general increasing trend in the first ionization energies of the period 3 elements,
Na to Ar.
(2)
(2)
(iii)
26.
27.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Cl
B.
K+
C.
Br
D.
(Total 1 mark)
CN
B.
Fe3+
C.
K+
D.
[Fe(CN)6]3
(Total 1 mark)
28.
29.
(i)
Outline two reasons why a sodium ion has a smaller radius than a sodium atom.
(ii)
Explain why the ionic radius of P3 is greater than the ionic radius of Si4+.
(i)
Explain why the first ionization energy of aluminium is lower than the first ionization
energy of magnesium.
(2)
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
(2)
(ii)
Explain why the first ionization energy of sulfur is lower than the first ionization energy of
phosphorus.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
30.
The ten elements in the first-row d-block have characteristic properties and many uses.
(i)
State and explain the type of reaction that takes place between Fe3+ and H2O to form
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ in terms of acid-base theories.
(2)
(ii)
31.
32.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
II.
Elements in the same period have the same number of main energy levels.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
33.
The x-axis of the graph below represents the atomic number of the elements in period 3.
34.
35.
A.
Melting point
B.
Electronegativity
C.
Ionic radius
D.
Atomic radius
(Total 1 mark)
[Fe(H2O)6]3+
II.
[Fe(H2O)5(CN)]2+
III.
[Fe(CN)6]3
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
Explain the origin of colour in transition metal complexes and use your explanation to suggest why
copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4(aq), is blue, but zinc sulfate, ZnSO4(aq), is colourless.
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(Total 4 marks)
36.
Cu2+(aq) reacts with ammonia to form the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+. Explain this reaction in
terms of an acid-base theory, and outline how the bond is formed between Cu2+ and NH3.
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(Total 3 marks)
37.
(i)
(ii)
38.
State whether aqueous solutions of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride are acidic,
alkaline or neutral.
State an equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and water.
(1)
(1)
(Total 2 marks)
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are present in each atom of 31P?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
A.
16
15
16
B.
15
16
15
C.
15
31
15
D.
16
31
16
(Total 1 mark)
39.
An element is in group 4 and period 3 of the periodic table. How many electrons are in the highest
occupied energy level of an atom of this element?
40.
41.
A.
B.
C.
12
D.
14
(Total 1 mark)
B.
C.
Electronegativity is the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons of an atom.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
(b)
Molten sodium oxide is a good conductor of electricity. State the half-equation for the
reaction occurring at the positive electrode during the electrolysis of molten sodium oxide.
(c)
(i)
(ii)
State the equation for the reaction of sodium oxide with water.
(Total 4 marks)
42.
The graph of the first ionization energy plotted against atomic number for the first twenty elements
shows periodicity.
(i)
Define the term first ionization energy and state what is meant by the term periodicity.
(2)
(ii)
(iii)
State the electron arrangement of argon and explain why the noble gases, helium, neon and
argon show the highest first ionization energies for their respective periods.
A graph of atomic radius plotted against atomic number shows that the atomic radius
decreases across a period. Explain why chlorine has a smaller atomic radius than sodium.
(iv)
Explain why a sulfide ion, S2, is larger than a chloride ion, Cl.
(v)
Explain why the melting points of the Group 1 metals (Li Cs) decrease down the group
whereas the melting points of the Group 7 elements (F I) increase down the group.
(3)
(1)
(1)
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
43.
Which statements are correct for the reactions of Cl2, MgCl2 and SiCl4 with water?
Cl2
MgCl2
forms a
neutral
solution
SiCl4
A.
forms a
neutral
solution
B.
forms an
forms an
forms an
acidic solution acidic solution acidic solution
C.
forms an
forms an
no reaction
acidic solution acidic solution
D.
forms a
neutral
solution
forms a
neutral
solution
no reaction
forms an
acidic solution
(Total 1 mark)
44.
Which transition element, or compound of a transition element, is used as a catalyst in the Contact
process?
A.
Fe
B.
MnO2
C.
V2O5
D.
Ni
(Total 1 mark)
45.
[Co(H2O)6]2+
(1)
(ii)
(iii)
46.
Co2(SO4)3
[CoCl4]2
(1)
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
(i)
State the full electronic configurations of copper, Cu, and the copper(I) ion, Cu+.
(ii)
Explain why copper(II) compounds in aqueous solution are coloured whereas scandium(III)
compounds in aqueous solution are colourless.
(2)
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
47.
48.
Which statement describes the trends of electronegativity values in the periodic table?
A.
Values increase from left to right across a period and increase down a group.
B.
Values increase from left to right across a period and decrease down a group.
C.
Values decrease from left to right across a period and increase down a group.
D.
Values decrease from left to right across a period and decrease down a group.
They have the same number of electrons in the highest occupied energy level.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
(Total 1 mark)
49.
Describe the acid-base character of the oxides of each of the period 3 elements, Na to Cl.
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(b)
State one example of an acidic gas, produced by an industrial process or the internal
combustion engine, which can cause large-scale pollution to lakes and forests.
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(c)
(3)
(1)
Suggest one method, other than measuring pH, which could be used to distinguish between
solutions of a strong acid and a weak acid of the same molar concentration.
State the expected results.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
50.
Mg(s) Mg+(s) + e
B.
Mg(g) Mg2+(g) + 2e
C.
Mg(g) Mg+(g) + e
D.
Mg(s) Mg+(g) + e
(Total 1 mark)
51.
What are the products of the reaction between chlorine and water?
A.
B.
H2 and OCl2
C.
D.
52.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(1)
(iv)
(1)
(3)
(v)
The element selenium (Z = 34) has electrons in the 4s, 3d and 4p orbitals. Draw an
orbital box diagram (arrow-in-box notation) to represent these electrons.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
53.
54.
55.
Distinguish in terms of electronic structure, between the terms group and period.
(ii)
(2)
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
A gas is evolved
II.
III.
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
An atom of an element contains 19 electrons. In which group of the periodic table does it occur?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
56.
57.
58.
Cl
B.
C.
Na+
D.
K+
(Total 1 mark)
The absorption of light when electrons move between s orbitals and d orbitals
B.
The emission of light when electrons move between s orbitals and d orbitals
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
Transition elements form complexes such as [Fe(CN)6]4 and [FeCl4]. Deduce the oxidation
number of iron in each of these complex ions.
[Fe(CN)6]4 ............................................................................................................................
[FeCl4] ..................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)
59.
B.
C.
D.
(Total 1 mark)
60.
Describe the acid-base character of the oxides of the period 3 elements Na to Ar. For sodium oxide
and sulfur trioxide, write balanced equations to illustrate their acid-base character.
(Total 3 marks)
61.
62.
FeCl3
NiCl2
ZnCl2
A.
I and II only
B.
C.
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
Overall
charge of the
complex ion
A.
+2
Octahedral
+2
B.
+3
Octahedral
C.
+2
Octahedral
+1
D.
+2
Tetrahedral
+1
(Total 1 mark)
63.
Define the term ligand, and identify the ligand in this complex.
(ii)
Write the full electron configuration and draw the orbital box diagram of iron in its oxidation
state in this complex, and hence, determine the number of unpaired electrons in this state.
(1)
(3)
(iii)
64.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
State and explain the differences in electrical conductivity in the liquid state.
(ii)
Predict an approximate pH value for the solutions formed by adding each compound
separately to water. Explain your answer.
(3)
(4)
(Total 7 marks)
65.
Atomic number
B.
Electronegativity
C.
Atomic radius
D.
(Total 1 mark)