Calculus and many theorems are of Kerala origin

Recently few claims have been made by researchers on the discoveries made by
Kerala mathematicians. The most important claim is that the Calculus has been
discovered for the first time, almost 250 years before Sir Isaac Newton, who has
been credited with the discovery of the Calculus. These claims with proof were
appeared in different news papers world over . It appears as per the report, the
Manchester University has uploaded these claims in their website during the
13th of August, 2007. Thus the work of Dr. Gheverghese and his colleagues have
received the credit of bringing the facts to the notice of the world for the first
time. Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage, Trivandrum would like to bring to
the notice of the world about the facts which appeared in the News papers both
language Newspapers and also English News papers during 14th and 15th
August 2007, all over India. Later days some more information has been
published in some other News papers. Herewith we are submitting few
comments.

The few very famous names of the great Kerala mathematics scholars are
Sangama graama Madhvacharya, Sankara Varman, Achyutha Pisharoti,
Puthumana Somayaji, Sankara Narayanan, Govinda Swamy,
Parmaeswarcharya,Nilakanta Somayaji …. They have discovered many
theorems. Many of their theorems are now known in the names of Newton,
Gauss, Taylor, Lhuler, Gregory, Lebenitz and Demoiver . These theorems known
in the name of the above western scientists . These were discovered and written
minimum 250 to 700 years before western scientists, by the Kerala
mathematicians or some other Indian mathematicians like Vateswaracharya in
their Sanskrit books which are available even now in the printed form with
English translation. Many of these books have been published by the
Government recognized institutes, universities and charitable trusts involved in
the R & D studies on the ancient heritage knowledge like Indian National
Science Academy, Mathematics Department of Lucknow University and
Visewarananda Viswa Vidyalaya, Hoshiarpur. Some books like Puhtumana
somayaji’s Kranapaddhati has been published by the university of Kerala in
Malayalam.

It is not complicated to find out the period of the Kerala / Indian mathematicians,
for proving who has discovered the theorems or calculus for the first time and
published them. What is needed is the knowledge of the Ka ta pa ya adi number
and Bhootha sankhya number systems which were commonly used in these books
for presenting the mathematical data and theorems. One should also know the
commencement date of Kali Era, Saka varsha and Kalpa for converting the
period into A or BC. Since use of AD and BC came into use later the Indians did
not use them in their books. Conversion of Kali Era, Kalpa etc and Saka era to
AD ( Christian Era) is easy and one can easily find out the period of every Indian
/ Kerala mathematicians without any confusion. Then one can prove that the
period of Kerala mathematicians are before or after that of the Western scholars.
One should remember that every Kerala mathematician or their students have
given their date of birth /date of completion of their book directly or indirectly in
their of work.

Given here is two examples of correctly giving the period of Indian

mathematicians . Bhaskaracharya who has written Lilavti, Siddhanta siromany,
etc has given his birth in bhootha ankhya in saka varsha “rasa-guna-poorna-
mahee” which means saka era 1036 which is equal to AD 1114. Puthumna
somayaji has given the year of his completion of Karanapaddhati book in saka
varsha…” thri- pancha -sikhi – bhoomitha saaka samvatsare..” which means
saka year 1353 which is same as AD 1431. In fact the publications of the INSA
and other institutes have given correctly the period of authors also based on the
calculations of the Western and Indian Sanskrit and mathematics scholars..

Based on the above facts Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage has submitted
proof for the discoveries of many mathematical theorems and calculus In its
publications Indian Scientific Heritage, forward written by Dr. R. A. Mashelkar,
F.R.S ( 30thMay, 1999) which was published as the 14th publication in the series
of Heritage publication series ( 28th Feb. 2000.) From this book the important
theorems were separately selected and published by IISH as the 66th series of
Heritage publication series, with a title “ We claim these are INDIAN
DISCOVERIES” both the books are authored by myself. In the second book we
have also given this information, “We are waiting for your unbiased and scientific
views …..! We submit with proof these claims, on the discoveries and inventions
of the facts mentioned in this book, to the scholars and scientists. We request you
to inform us your opinions and views on these claims, that these are Indian
discoveries / inventions. With full address, phone number and email address to
reply. These lines are published in the third page of the book published on 21st
March 2003. We have proved and produced with Sanskrit original text and
English translation of the discovery of Vateswaracharya (AD 880) the Newton
Gauss Backward interpolation (AD1670); Nilakanta Somayaji ( AD 1444)
discovered the Newton Infinite GP Convergent Series (AD1670). NIlakanta
Somayaji ( AD 1444) discovered Taylor Series (AD 1685). Govinda swamy
discovered the Newton interpolation (AD 1670); Puthumana Somayaji ( AD 1431)
discovered the Newton’s power series (AD 1660); Parameswaracharya (AD1360)
discovered the Lhuier power series ( AD 1782) Madhavacharya (AD 1350)
discovered the De Moiver’s approximation(AD 1650). ( the period of Indian
mathematicians and western scholars are given respectively in bracket)

There are many more theorems which are not known hitherto are available in the
Sanskrit books which have not been published in any others names.. We in our
publication Indian Scientific Heritage these facts. Our books was published with
the financial support ICHR, Govt of India a and also Indian National Science
Academy. Thousands brochures, booklets in different languages have also been
published and circulated to create awareness about Indian achievements in these
fields .

We approached ‘The Hindu’ News paper, ‘Indian Express’, Mathrubhumi

(Malayalam) Malayala Manorama (Malayalam) with proof that we (IISH) have
already given proof about the facts that these discoveries were made in Kerala.
Unfortunately except Indian Express, other News papers did not give a positive
response.

We are sad to inform you that , the Indian media, the scholars and thinkers
would like to get these claims from the west even after 60 years of independence,
to publish in their publications or to believe. We are approaching the well wishers
of IISH to do whatever is possible about this. IISH deserves the credit for
bringing the facts to the world for the first time as a claim.

We request you to bring to light the work done by Indian Institute of Scientific
Heritage, particularly during the time when only foreign claims are being
entertained, even by Indians, when we are doing our level best to inform the
public and scholars all about the truth and facts about Indian heritage for the
last seven years.