Pregnancy and medicines fact sheet.

Overweight, obesity, and weight loss fact sheet

Heart disease and stroke prevention.

Steps to get you moving

Five ways to improve your smile.

Published in 21-may-2013

Done By: Khadija Saeed Laila Saeed Shamma Ghanem Kanna Salem Fidaa Hussain Shaika Saeed Class: 11- S C Miss : Suhair

Table of contents
Five ways to improve your smile Steps to get you moving Pregnancy and medicines fact sheet
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Heart disease and stroke prevention

Makeup Foundation Top tips for better sleep Overweight, obesity, and weight loss fact sheet Time to chill out Menu makeover Picture Gallery

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13-14 15 16-17

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Five ways to improve your smile

Did you know that looking after your smile is the best way to stop ageing? Follow these tips to help you smile with confidence Research from the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry has also found that people are seen as more intelligent and successful if they have a gleaming, healthy white smile. We talk to Dr Simon Darfoor, a top implant and cosmetic dentist, to find out how you can smile with confidence. Get flossing The use of dental floss is an important element of oral hygiene, since it removes the plaque and decaying food that gets lodged between the teeth, explains Dr Simon Darfoor Food decay and plaque cause irritation to gums, allowing the gum tissue to bleed more easily. Its best to floss after brushing, so you dont push debris back between your teeth when you brush. Clean your tongue Cleaning your tongue as part of daily oral hygiene is essential, says Dartfoor, because it removes the white and yellow bad-breathgenerating coating of bacteria. It will also kill decaying food particles, fungi (such as candida) and dead cells from the top area of the tongue, It may feel weird to do at first, but worth it if it fights bad breath. Watch what you eat and drink Not just for your waistline but also your teeth. Sugar is the main cause of dental cavities, says Dartfoor, while other carbohydrates, especially cooked starches such as crisps, may also damage teeth. The acids in fruit juice, vinegar and soft drinks can also lower the pH level of your mouth which, in turn, causes the enamel to dematerialise. Dartfoor also recommends that you avoid drinking orange juice or cola throughout the day because this raises 1 the risk of dental cavities tremendously.

Stay healthy Several recent clinical studies show a direct link between poor oral hygiene and serious systemic diseases like heart attack and Stroke, bacterial Pneumonia, diabetes and Osteoporosis, says Dartfoor, making it clear that having a healthy mouth not only looks good but can also save your health. Eat a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, drink lots of water and clean your teeth at least twice a day, preferably with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. You should also have a professional clean by a dentist twice a year, adds Dartfoor. Protect your gums Massaging your gums with toothbrush bristles is a great way to boost oral health, explains Dartfoor. Brush with a circular motion right down to the gum line and dont be tempted to use an over-aggressive brushing technique, which can make your gums recede, and expose yellowish root surfaces at the gum line. If your gums have receded, dont expect them to grow back, they wont however thanks to a new treatment in the UK, gums can be re-built if caught early enough. 2

Steps to get you moving

With all the things that you have to do each day, finding the time and motivation to get moving can be challenging. Here are 20 ideas for getting started and keeping it going: 1- If you can't set aside one block of time, do short activities throughout the day, such as three 10-minute walks. 2-Choose activities that are fun. 3-Vary your activities, so you don't get bored. For instance, use different jogging, walking, or biking paths to vary your routine. Or bike one day, and jog the next. 4-Join a hiking or running club. 5-Wear a pedometer (a small tool worn on your belt) that counts the number of steps you take. Try to walk a little more each day or week. 6-Create opportunities for activity, such as parking your car some distance from your destination and walking. 7-Use stairs instead of the elevator. 8-Walk or bike to work or to the store. 9-Be physically active at lunch with coworkers, family, or friends. 10-Join an office or community sports league.

11-Take a break at work to stretch or take a quick walk. 12-Don't let cold weather keep you on the couch! You can find activities to do in the winter, such as exercising to a workout video. 13-If you have children, make time to play with them outside. Set a good example! 14-Go dancing with your partner or friends. 15-Turn activities into social occasions for example, go to a movie after you and a friend work out. 16-Plan active vacations that will keep you moving, such as taking tours and site-seeing on foot. 17-Set specific, short-term goals, and reward yourself when you achieve them. 18-Don't expect to notice body changes right away. It can take weeks or months before you notice some of the changes from being physically active, such as weight loss. 19-If you live in a neighborhood where it is unsafe to be physically active outdoors, contact your local recreational center or church to see if they have any indoor activity programs that you can join. 20-Make physical activity a regular part of your day, so that it becomes a habit and perhaps something you look forward to!

Pregnancy and medicines fact sheet

Is it safe to use medicine while I am pregnant? There is no clear-cut answer to this question. Before you start or stop any medicine, it is always best to speak with the doctor who is caring for you while you are pregnant. Read on to learn about deciding to use medicine while pregnant. How should I decide whether to use a medicine while I am pregnant? When deciding whether or not to use a medicine in pregnancy, you and your doctor need to talk about the medicine's benefits and risks. Benefits: what are the good things the medicine can do for me and my growing baby (fetus)? Risks: what are the ways the medicine might harm me or my growing baby (fetus)? There may be times during pregnancy when using medicine is a choice. Some of the medicine choices you and your doctor make while you are pregnant may differ from the choices you make when you are not pregnant. For example, if you get a cold, you may decide to "live with" your stuffy nose instead of using the "stuffy nose" medicine you use when you are not pregnant. Other times, using medicine is not a choice it is needed. Some women need to use medicines while they are pregnant. Sometimes, women need medicine for a few days or a couple of weeks to treat a problem like a bladder infection or strep throat. Other women need to use medicine every day to control long-term health problems like asthma, diabetes, depression, or seizures. Also, some women have a pregnancy problem that needs treatment with medicine. These problems might include severe nausea and vomiting, earlier pregnancy losses, or preterm labor.

Where do doctors and nurses find out about using medicines during pregnancy? Doctors and nurses get information from medicine labels and packages, textbooks, and research journals. They also share knowledge with other doctors and nurses and talk to the people who make and sell medicines. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the part of our country's government that controls the medicines that can and can't be sold in the United States. The FDA lets a company sell a medicine in the United States if it is safe to use and works for a certain health problem. Companies that make medicines usually have to show FDA doctors and scientists whether birth defects or other problems occur in baby animals when the medicine is given to pregnant animals. Most of the time, drugs are not studied in pregnant women. The FDA works with the drug companies to make clear and complete medicine labels. But in most cases, there is not much information about how a medicine affects pregnant women and their growing babies. Many prescription medicine labels include the results of studies done in pregnant animals. But a medicine does not always affect growing humans and animals in the same way. Here is an example: A medicine is given to pregnant rats. If the medicine causes problems in some of the rat babies, it may or may not cause problems in human babies. If there are no problems in the rat babies, it does not prove that the medicine will not cause problems in human babies. The FDA asks for studies in two different kinds of animals. This improves the chance that the studies can predict what may happen in pregnant women and their babies. There is a lot that FDA doctors and scientists do not know about using medicine during pregnancy. In a perfect world, every medicine label would include helpful information about the medicine's effects on pregnant women and their growing babies. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

How do prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medicine labels help my doctor choose the right medicine for me when I am pregnant? Doctors use information from many sources when they choose medicine for a patient, including medicine labels. To help doctors, the FDA created pregnancy letter categories to help explain what is known about using medicine during pregnancy. This system assigns letter categories to all prescription medicines. The letter category is listed in the label of a prescription medicine. The label states whether studies were done in pregnant women or pregnant animals and if so, what happened. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines do not have a pregnancy letter category. Some OTC medicines were prescription medicines first and used to have a letter category. Talk to your doctor and follow the instructions on the label before taking OTC medicines. What if I'm thinking about getting pregnant? If you are not pregnant yet, you can help your chances for having a healthy baby by planning ahead. Schedule a pre-pregnancy checkup. At this visit, you can talk to your doctor about the medicines, vitamins, and herbs you use. It is very important that you keep treating your health problems while you are pregnant. Your doctor can tell you if you need to switch your medicine. Ask about vitamins for women who are trying to get pregnant. All women who can get pregnant should take a daily vitamin with folic acid (a B vitamin) to prevent birth defects of the brain and spinal cord. You should begin taking these vitamins before you become pregnant or if you could become pregnant. It is also a good idea to discuss caffeine, alcohol, and smoking with your doctor at this time.

What if I get sick and need to use medicine while I am pregnant? Whether or not you should use medicine during pregnancy is a serious question to discuss with your doctor. Some health problems need treatment. Not using a medicine that you need could harm you and your baby. For example, a urinary tract infection (UTI) that is not treated may become a kidney infection. Kidney infections can cause preterm labor and low birth weight. You need an antibiotic to cure a UTI. Ask your doctor whether the benefits of taking a certain medicine outweigh the risks for you and your baby. I have a health problem. Should I stop using my medicine while I am pregnant? If you are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, you should talk to your doctor about your medicines. Do not stop or change them on your own. This includes medicines for depression, asthma, diabetes, seizures (epilepsy), and other health problems. Not using medicine that you need may be more harmful to you and your baby than using the medicine. For women living with HIV, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends using zidovudine (AZT) during pregnancy. Studies show that HIV positive women who use AZT during pregnancy greatly lower the risk of passing HIV to their babies. If a diabetic woman does not use her medicine during pregnancy, she raises her risk for miscarriage, stillbirth, and some birth defects. If asthma and high blood pressure are not controlled during pregnancy, problems with the fetus may result. 8

Heart disease and stroke prevention

The most common form of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD). In CAD, plaque builds up on the walls of the arteries that carry blood to the heart. Over time, this buildup causes the arteries to narrow and harden. This keeps the heart from getting all the blood it needs. Blood clots may develop. If the clot mostly or completely blocks blood flow to the heart, it causes a heart attack. Stroke happens when the brain doesnt get enough blood. Without enough blood, brain cells start to die. Heart attack, stroke, and other forms of heart disease are a threat to so many women. But you can take steps to protect your heart and lower your risk. Steps include getting regular physical activity, making healthy food choices, knowing your numbers and taking good care of yourself overall. It is also important to make sure you talk to your doctor about heart health and the use of menopausal hormone therapy or aspirin.

Physical activity:
You don't have to become a super athlete, but your body needs to move. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans state that an active lifestyle can lower your risk of early death from heart disease, stroke, and many other health problems. It can also boost your mood. Health benefits are gained by doing the following each week: 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderateintensity aerobic physical activity or 1 hour and 15 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity or A combination of moderate and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity and Muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days, So pick an activity you like, and do it often.

Healthy eating:
Eating fatty, greasy food can make you put on weight. But that's not the only risk. Unhealthy eating has a direct impact on your arteries, your blood pressure, your glucose level, among other things. You don't need to go on a special diet to eat healthy. Just make sure you focus on eating fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, beans, peas, nuts, and lean meats. The foods you eat should also be low in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol , salt, and added sugars. If you drink alcohol, do it moderately. Women should drink no more than one alcoholic drink per day.

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Knowing your numbers:

Ask your doctor to check your blood pressure, cholesterol (total, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) and blood sugar levels. These simple screening tests will give you important information about your heart health. Your doctor can tell you what your numbers mean and what you need to do to protect your heart. Check out the Screening tests and vaccines section on this site to learn how often you need these screening tests.

Taking care of yourself:

Stress, anxiety, depression, and lack of sleep have all been increased risk of heart disease. You may feel that you don't have enough time to take a break or get enough sleep now. In the midst of all you do, it's important to make time for yourself. Make sure you get the amount of sleep you need each day to wake up feeling refreshed. Take steps to keep stress in check, such as taking time each day to relax and unwind with friends or loved ones. And if you're having trouble coping because of depression, anxiety, or other emotional health issues, get help. Your doctor or a counselor can teach you healthy ways to reduce stress or suggest treatment for depression or other mental health problems. Although we don't know if treating emotional problems or reducing stress lowers heart disease risk, doing so will boost your overall health and well-being.

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Does menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prevent heart disease?

Once you reach menopause, your ovaries stop making estrogen, which protects against plaque buildup, and your heart disease risk goes up. You might wonder if menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) can help lower the risk. But recent studies confirmed that women should not use MHT to protect against heart disease. Rather, MHT is good at relieving moderate to severe symptoms of menopause and preventing bone loss. For now, the safest option for MHT is to use the lowest dose that helps for the shortest time you need it. Learn more about study findings and the benefits and risks of MHT in our menopause section.

Do I need aspirin?
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that women ages 55 to 79 take aspirin to lower their risk of ischemic stroke. This is advised when the benefit outweighs the possible harm of gastrointestinal bleeding. The benefit depends on your personal risk of both stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding. You should discuss your risk with your doctor and decide together if taking aspirin is right for you.

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Makeup Foundation
Makeup enhances the beauty of a woman. With right information in hand about the makeup tricks one can make the heads turn and eyes roll. Foundation is the first and most crucial step of makeup. It is also called the makeup base. A foundation covers the scars, marks, dark circles around the eyes, and uneven skin tone of the face. It provides smooth skin tone and right kind of base for the makeup. Therefore it is very important to choose the perfect foundation base which goes well with your color. The right foundation on one hand will give a flawless appearance while a wrong choice of foundation on the other hand will spoil the whole look. 13

How to choose the right foundation? Choose the natural color which is closest to your face color. In the natural light, apply a small amount of foundation on the jaw line and blend it well. The right kind of shade will merge with the skin tone of your neck and will give a smooth appearance whereas the wrong shade will give a fake look.

Which type of foundation to choose? There are various types of foundations available in your nearby cosmetics store like powder foundations, liquid foundation and semi liquid foundation. If your skin is dry then go for liquid foundation and for combination skin types, semi liquid foundation works best. For those who have oily skin, choose the powder foundation for that smooth appearance.
How to apply foundation perfectly? First of all the skin should be well hydrated before applying the foundation and makeup. So moisturize the skin well at least 10 minutes before applying the foundation. In case you have oily skin, use oil free moisturizer and remember to wipe off the excess oil with tissue from the surface of the skin.

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Top tips for better sleep

What you eat can help you get a good nights kip. Find out the foods thatll get you nodding off and leave you feeling energized in the morning Lying awake at night? Its thought that more than a third of us suffer sleep problems that leave us frazzled and zapped of energy the next day. Often caused by stress, medication or physical conditions, sleep problems are frustrating and hard to avoid but a wealth of research suggests that the right diet can help. Here Cassandra Barns, nutritionist at The Nutri Centre (www.nutricentre.com), reveals her top tips to sleep easy.

1- Boost your protein 2- Load up on magnesium 3- Indulge in oysters 4- Snack right 5- Ban the sugar

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Overweight, obesity, and weight loss fact sheet

How many women in the United States are overweight or obese? Over 60 percent of U.S. adult women are overweight, according to 2007 estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Just over one-third of overweight adult women are obese. How do I know if I'm overweight or obese? Body Mass Index You can find out your BMI by using this calculator or the chart. Find out your body mass index (BMI). BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. People with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight. People with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. What causes someone to become overweight or obese? You can become overweight or obese when you eat more calories than you use. A calorie is a unit of energy in the food you eat. Your body needs this energy to function and to be active. But if you take in more energy than your body uses, you will gain weight. Many factors can play a role in becoming overweight or obese.

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What are the health effects of being overweight or obese? Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of: -Heart disease -Stroke -Type 2 diabetes -High blood pressure -Breathing problems -Arthritis -Gallbladder disease -Some kinds of cancer What is the best way for me to lose weight? The best way to lose weight is to use more calories than you take in. You can do this by following a healthy eating plan and being more active. Before you start a weight-loss program, talk to your doctor. Safe weight-loss programs that work well: -Set a goal of slow and steady weight loss 1 to 2 pounds per week -Offer low-calorie eating plans with a wide range of healthy foods -Encourage you to be more physically active -Teach you about healthy eating and physical activity -Adapt to your likes and dislikes and cultural background -Help you keep weight off after you lose it.

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Time to chill out

In need of some serious R&R? Ellie Moss heads to the Life house Spa & Hotel in Essex in an attempt to find some inner peace Weeks of deadlines, too many nights out and aching muscles from my new exercise regime meant I was desperate for some pamper time and the Life house Spa seemed like the perfect solution. Set in 12 acres of listed grounds in quiet Thorpe-Le-Soken, Essex, this peaceful retreat was the perfect antidote to my usually hectic schedule. We were picked up from the station by a courtesy minibus and driven through some of the famous grounds on our approach to the spa. The spa itself is relatively new, built on the site of the former Thorpe Hall owned by Lord and Lady Byng. But the gardens, apparently greatly admired but Queen Mary, have been restored to their former glory. After checking in we headed straight to the pool and enjoyed dipping our toes in the various pools and rooms in the cavernous and naturally lit wet area. After wed tried out the salt pool, sauna and steam room, we took a dip in the beautiful main pool, which revitalized us after our journey. Then it was off to the Water Lilies restaurant for dinner, where we feasted on delicious food and a view of the lake that was good enough to eat. I highly recommend eating here, even if youre not using the spa, but dont book your dinner in too late in the evening, as service goes at a leisurely pace. After a blissful nights sleep we stumbled down to breakfast in our fluffy slippers and dressing gown true bliss! A full English breakfast later and I was ready to face the day. First up, a quick session in the gym. While the gym itself is quite small, its got everything you could possibly need for a great workout and theres an outdoor area at the back with a huge tyre and other obstacles, which is great for adding variety. After a speedy sprints session followed by a quick circuit I felt Id had a pretty good workout. Theres also a good range of classes on offer for guests.

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My workout got me well and truly ready for a shiatsu massage I couldnt wait for the treatment to really shift those last knots of tension. After a quick consultation, my therapist decided to address my overall lack of energy and stress levels. He then set to work focusing on pressure points across my body. This was a long treatment lasting 95 minutes, but by the end I was completely zoned out! Lunch served up another delicious meal this time, salmon with a pea pure before waiting out the rain with a coffee in the smart and spacious bar area. When the weather finally picked up, we dashed to reception, grabbed some complimentary wellies and set out for a stroll around the gardens. The Life house grounds are really beautiful and in many ways were the highlight of the trip: completely relaxing, peaceful and stunning to look at. As we watched a line of ducklings take their first dip in the lake, I felt completely removed from my busy lifestyle. I was disappointed that we didnt have the time or the weather! to fully explore the grounds and Id recommend booking in for two nights, preferably in the summer, hiring one of the complimentary bikes and heading out to explore. Frinton-on-sea is an easy cycling distance, so you can enjoy the seaside, too. Sadly, the weekend was over before we knew it. We headed back to the station and reality relaxed and 19 revitalized.

Menu makeover
These healthy meal ideas are packed with youth-boosting nutrients to help keep you looking gorgeous from top to toe. Simply mix and match the meal ideas for glowing skin, a slimmer waistline and improved memory and concentration. BREAKFAST Porridge with blueberries, ground almonds, cinnamon and oat milk. Rye bread with poached eggs (using omega-3 free range eggs) Scrambled eggs with smoked salmon Probiotic yoghurt with chia seeds with a handful of berries My Get Up and Go! made with coconut milk and strawberries [shake?] SNACKS One pear with a handful of almonds and pumpkin seeds Two oatcakes with houmous Oatcakes with nut butter Carrot or pepper sticks and cottage cheese Sugar-free soya yoghurt with berries LUNCH Pumpkin and butternut squash soup Chestnut and butter bean soup Quinoa, veggie and cashew salad Peppers stuffed with olives and feta cheese Salmon and asparagus omelette. 20

DINNER Lentil stew served with asparagus and broccoli Sweet potato with salmon and green veg Turkey mince chilli with a small portion of wholegrain rice and a green mixed salad Stir fry made with bokchoi, onions, peppers, bean sprouts, cashews, tofu, and broccoli served with quinoa and a sprinkle of sunflower seeds sprinkled Tuna steak with bulghur wheat and beetroot salad DESSERT Steamed pear and blueberries served with crumble made with oats, pecans, almonds, 1 tablespoon of xylitol and 1 tablespoon of coconut oil Quinoa-flour pancakes with blueberries Berries with Greek yogurt, grated coconut, cinnamon and ground pistachios Dark chocolate and orange mousse pots Baked apple with a drizzle of maple syrup

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Picture Gallery
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