Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
QUALITATIVE
Overall Purpose
Explain, and gain insight and understanding of, phenomena through intensive collection of narrative data
QUANTITATIVE
Explain, predict, and/or control phenomena through focused collection of numerical data
Approach to Inquiry
Inductive, value-laden (subjective), holistic, and process oriented Deductive, value-free (objective focused, and outcome-oriented)
Hypotheses
Tentative, evolving, and based on particular study Specific, testable, and stated pro to a particular study
Research Setting
Naturalistic (as is) to the degree possible Controlled to the degree possible
Sampling
Purposive: Intent to select small, not necessarily representative, sample in order to acquire in-depth understanding Random: Intent to select large representative sample in order to generalize results to population
Measurement
Non-standardized, narrative, ongoing Standardized, numerical, at the end
QUALITATIVE
QUANTITATIVE
Data Analysis
Raw data are words Essentially ongoing, involves synthesis Raw data are numbers Performed at end of study, involves statistics
Data Interpretation
Conclusions tentative, reviewed on an ongoing basis, generalizations speculative or nonexistent Conclusions and generalizations formulated at end of study, stated with predetermined degree of certainty
Trends
More-structured qualitative research Increased application of both inquiry strategies in same study
Qualitative researchers: reject the idea that social sciences (such as education and training) can be studied with the same methods as the natural or physical sciences;
feel that human behavior is always bound to the context in which it occurs; therefore, behavior must be studied holistically, in context, rather than being manipulated; employ an "insider's" perspective; this makes qualitative research an intensely personal and subjective style of research.
Quantitative researchers: argues that both the natural and social sciences strive for testable and confirmable theories that explain phenomena by showing how they are derived from theoretical assumptions;
reduce social reality to variables in the same manner as physical reality; attempt to tightly control the variable in question to see how other variables are influenced.
Modes of data collection - Qualitative research for education Intensive interviewing Focus groups interviews Field research Case studies Discourse/conversational analysis