Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 2/5/09

Review Questions pg. 216

1. Reading Focus
a. What were the goals of conservatives?
i. Conservative forces included monarchs and their officials, noble
landowners, and church leaders. Conservatives supported the
political and social order that that existed before the French
Revolution. Conservative ideas also appealed to peasants.
Conservatives wanted to turn the clock back to the way things were
before 1789. After all, they had benefited under the old order. They
wanted to restore royal families to the thrones they had lost when
Napoleon swept across Europe. They supported a social hierarchy in
which the lower classes were expected to respect and obey their
social superiors. Conservatives backed an established church.
Conservatives believed talk about natural rights and a constitutional
government would lead only to chaos.
b. How did liberalism and nationalism challenge the old order?
i. Liberals spoke mostly for the bourgeoisie, or middle class. Liberals
wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and
separation of powers. Liberals spoke out against divine-right
monarchy, the old aristocracy, and established churches. They called
for rulers elected by the people and responsible to them. Thus most
liberals favored a republican form of government over a monarchy.
Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics. Nationalism
gave people with a common heritage a sense of identity and a goal of
creating their own homeland. At the same time, however,
nationalism often bred intolerance and led to persecution of other
ethnic or national groups.
c. Why was Europe plagued by revolts after 1815?
i. Revolutionaries fought against the old order. The Balkins lived
under Ottoman rule for over 300 years. The first Balkan people to
revolt were the Serbs. Serb leader Karageorge lead guerilla warfare
against the Ottomans. It was unsuccessful but still it fostered Serbian
identify. The second rebellion was more effective because they
turned to Russia for help. In 1821, the Greeks, too, revolted seeking
to end centuries of Ottoman rule. At first the Greeks were badly
divided. Greeks won sympathy in the west. Britain, France, and even
Russia forced the ottomans to grant independence to some Greek
provinces. Troops dampened the fire of liberalism and nationalism,
but couldn’t smother them. In the decades to come, spark would
flare anew.
2. Identify
a. Conservatives
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 2/5/09

i. Conservative forces included monarchs and their officials, noble

landowners, and church leaders. Conservatives supported the
political and social order that that existed before the French
Revolution. Conservatives wanted to turn the clock back to the way
things were before 1789. After all, they had benefited under the old
order. They supported a social hierarchy in which the lower classes
were expected to respect and obey their social superiors.
b. Liberals
i. Liberals spoke mostly for the bourgeoisie, or middle class. Liberals
wanted governments to be based on written constitutions and
separation of powers. Liberals spoke out against divine-right
monarchy, the old aristocracy, and established churches. They called
for rulers elected by the people and responsible to them. Thus most
liberals favored a republican form of government over a monarchy.
Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics.
c. Nationalists
i. Nationalism gave people with a common heritage a sense of identity
and a goal of creating their own homeland. At the same time,
however, nationalism often bred intolerance and led to persecution
of other ethnic or national groups.
d. Karageorge
i. The Balkins lived under Ottoman rule for over 300 years. The first
Balkan people to revolt were the Serbs. Serb leader Karageorge lead
guerilla warfare against the Ottomans. It was unsuccessful but still it
fostered Serbian intentity.
e. Milos Obrenovic
i. In 1815, Milos Obrenovic led the Serbs into the second, more
successful rebellion. One reason for the success was that Obrenovic
turned to Russia for assistance.
3. Define
a. Ideology
i. Systems of throught and belief
b. Universal manhood suffrage
i. Giving all men the right to vote
c. Autonomy
i. Self-rule