Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian

Period C 1/28/09

Review Questions pg. 242

1. Reading Focus
a. What Industrial power emerged in the 1800s?
i. Belgium, Germany, France, and United States emerged in the 1800s
as industrial powers. These countries had more abundant supplies of
coal, iron, and other resources than did Britain. Also, these countries
had the advantage to follow Britain’s lead. But the two main
countries that particularly thrust their way into industrial leadership
were Germany and United States. Germany It soon became Europe’s
leading industrial power. The United States advanced even more
rapidly, especially after the Civil War. By 1900, America led the
world in production.
b. What impact did new technology have on industry, transportation, and
communication?
i. The automotive age, conquest of air, and rapid communication took
place in the Industrial Revolution. The Transportation Revolution
took a new turn when a gasoline powered internal combustion
engine was created. This was the start of the first automobile. Henry
Ford started using the assembly line to mass produce cars, making
the U.S a leader in the automotive industry. The Dream of Human
Flight was made possible by the invention of the internal combustion
engine. The telegraph was invented, helping make communication
faster. The telegraph would send coded messages over wires by
means of electricity. Soon, the telephone was invented, and the radio
followed.
c. How did big business emerge in the late 1800s?
i. Large scale companies needed so much capital that they sold
hundreds of thousands of shares. These businesses formed giant
corporations. With large amounts of capital, corporations could
expand into many areas.
2. Identify
a. Bessemer Process
i. A process developed by Henry Bessemer. This process purified ore
and produced a new substance, steel. Steel was lighter, harder, and
more durable that iron. Other improved on this process.
b. Alfred Nobel
i. A Swedish chemist and the inventor of dynamite. Dynamite was an
explosive much safer than others used at the time. It was widely used
in construction and war. The Nobel peace prize was named after
him.
c. Michael Faraday
i. An English chemist and creator of the first simple electric motor. He
also created the first dynamo, which is a machine that generates
Villalobos Eamon Barkhordarian
Period C 1/28/09

electricity. Today, all electric generators and transformers work on

the principle of Faraday’s dynamo.
d. Thomas Edison
i. An American Inventor and inventor of the first electric light bulb.
Soon, his lamps lit the whole city with lights. The pace of city life
quickened, and factories could continue to operate after dark.
e. Henry Ford
i. The American that started making models of automobiles that
reached a breathtaking 25 mph. Henry Ford started using the
assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S a leader in the
automotive industry.
f. Orville and Wilbur Wright
i. Two American bicycle makers. They designed and flew a flimsy
airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Although their flying
machines stayed in the air for only a few seconds, it ushered in the
air age.
g. Guglielmo
i. The Italian pioneer. He invented the radio. In 1901, he transmitted a
radio message from Britain to Canada, using Morse’s dot-and-dash
code. Radio would become a cornerstone of today’s global
communications network that links every corner of the world.
h. Alfred Krupp
i. He inherited a steel-making business form his father. HE bought up
coal and iron mines as well as well as ore-shipped lines that fed the
steel business. Later, he and his son acquired plants that made tools,
railroad cars, and weapons.
3. Define
a. Dynamo
i. A machine that generates electricity
b. Interchangeable parts
i. Identical components that could be use in place of one another
c. Assembly line
i. Workers on an assembly line add parts to a product that moves along
a belt from one work station to the next.
d. Stock
i. Shares in the companies
e. Corporation
i. Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of a
stock
f. Cartel
i. An association to fix prices