Math 3 Tutorial 4 to 6

Tutorial 4

1 1
1 1
1. Given A =
, B=

,
2 2
2 3

3
3
C=
,
3 3

a) find AB, BA, AC, CA

b) verify that A(B + C) = AB + AC
c) verify that A(BC) = (AB)C
d) verify that (AB)T = BTAT
3
0 1

2. Let a = 1, B = 0 2,
4
2 3

1 0 -1
C = 2 3 0 ,
0 3 4

Find CB, BTC, Ca, dC, ad, da.

d = [1 0 2] .

Is BC defined?

3. Show that if A is any square matrix, then S= 21 (A + A T ) is symmetric, T= 21 (A A T )

is skew-symmetric ( TT = -T ) and A= S + T

4. Show that the product of symmetric matrices A, B is symmetric if and only if A and
B commute, AB = BA.
5. Solve the following linear systems by the Gauss elimination.
a) 5x + 3y = 22
-4x + 7y = 20
9x - 2y = 15

c) w - x + 3y -3z = 3
-5w + 2x -5y + 4z = -5
-3w - 4x + 7y - 2z = 7
2w + 3x + y - 11z = 1

b)

w+ x +y
= 6
-3w - 17x + y + 2z = 2
4w - 17x + 8y - 5z = 2
-5x - 2y + z = 2
d)

p+ q+r
=3
-3p-17q + r +2s = 1
4p-17q +8r -5s = 1
-5q -2r + s = 1

Answers for Tutorial 4:

3 2
1 1
1a) AB =
, BA =

,
6 4
8 8

9
0 0
9
AC =
= 0, CA =

0 0
9 9

2.

2 2
0 6 8
CB = 0 4 , B T C =
,
3 3 11

8 6
3 0 6
ad = 1 0 2,
4 0 8

5.

1
Ca = 9 ,
19

dC = [1 6 7],

da = 11, BC is not defined.

a) no solution
b) z = 6 ,

y = 2, x = 0, w = 4.

c) z = any number, y = 1+ 2 z , x =

9
z = 3z , w = 0
3

d) z = 3 , r = 1 , q = 0 , p = 2

Tutorial 5
6. For what values of k will the following set of equations (we call the set of
equations linear system) have (i) unique solution, (ii) infinite solutions and (iii) no
solution:
1 2 1 x

2 k 6 y =
3 6 k z

1

1
3

]T

7. It is known that 1 1 1
system,
2 a a b x

2 4 2 y =
1 1 1 z

2 a

4
1

and 2 1 2

]T are both solutions of the following

determine the values of a and b and the general form of the solution of the system.

8. State whether the given vectors are linearly independent or dependent.

a) [1 5 3], [2 4 6], [3 9 11]

b) [4 3 9], [0 0 0], [1 3/2 2/3]

c) [3 0 2 4 5], [7 2 6 1 0], [1 2 2 -7 -10]

9. Find the inverse of the following matrices:

2 3 5
a) 4 1 6
1 4 0

2 4 3
b) 0 1 1
3 5 7

10. Prove: (A2)-1 = (A-1)2 ( hint: A2 means A multiplied by A)

11. A nn matrix A satisfies A2 + A - 4I = 0, where I is a nn identity matrix. Prove:
(A-I)-1 =

1
A+ I
2

Answers for Tutorial 5:

6(i) k 3 , k 4 unique solution (ii) for k=3 infinite solutions (iii) for k=4 the system
has no solution.
a = 1
7.
b = 2

x = t

y = 1 with t= any number

z=t

8. a) Linear independent
b) Linearly dependent: a zero vector (0 0 0) is always linearly dependent to any
other vector.
c) Linear dependent
8 / 15 4 / 9 13 / 45
9 a) A = 2 / 15 1 / 9 8 / 45
1 / 3
1 / 9 2 / 9
1

4 13 / 3 7 / 3
b) A = 1 5 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
1 2 / 3
1

Tutorial 6
12. Find the determinants of the following matrix

cos n sin n
a)

sin n cos n

16 22 4
b) 4 3 2
12 25 2

a b c
c) c a b
b c a

1 0 1 1
9 5 10 7

d)
6 2 7 8

5 2 5 3

13. Show that the straight line through two points P1 ( x1, y1) and P2 ( x2, y2) in the xyplane is given by formula (a) (below) by driving from (a) to the familiar formula (b).
x y 1
x x1
y y1
( a ) x1 y 1 1 = 0
(b)
=
x1 x 2 y 1 y 2
x2 y 2 1

14. a) A 33 matrix A has 3 given eigenvectors

3
2

x 2 = 1 ,
x 3 = 2
1
0
corresponding to its 3 given eigenvalues 1 = 3, 2 = -2, 3 = 1 respectively. Find the
matrix A.
1
x1 = 0 ,
0

3 2 2
b) Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix: 2 2 0
2 0 4

15. For the matrices

0 15
5

A = 3 4
9 ,
5
0 15

2 0 3
T = 0 1 0 ,
3 0 5

Find A = T 1 AT . Find the eigenvalues of A$ and A and verify that they are the same.
16. Find a basis of eigenvectors and diagonalize:
3 4
a)

1 3

1 0 1
b) 0 3 2
0 0 2

5 0 6
c) 2 1 4
3 0 4

Answers for Tutorial 6:

12. a) 1. b) 0. c) a3 + b3 + c3 -3abc. d) 6
3 10 26
14. a) A = 0 2 6
0 0
1

2
b). 1 = 0, 2 ,
1

1
2 = 3, 2 ,
2

2
3 = 6, 1
2

 70 0 120
15. A = 21 4
36 ,
0
60
35

16. a)

1 = 0, 2 = 4, 3 = 10.

2 2
.
1

1 = 1, 2 = 5, T =
1

1 0
T 1 AT =

0 5

1 1 0
1 0 0

1
b) 1 = 1, 2 = 2, 3 = 3, T = 0 2 1 , T AT = 0 2 0
0 1 0
0 0 3

c) 1 = 1,

2 = 1,

3 = 2,

1 0 2
1 0 0

1
T = 1 1 0 , T AT = 0 1 0
1 0 1
0 0 2