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ALTERNARIA
ASPERGILLUS
BOTYRIS
CHAETOMIUM
CEPHALOSPORIUM
CURVULARIA
FUSARIUM
MORPHOLOGY
Flat, compact colonies, white at first then becoming black, green, bluish or yellow
Fast-growing colony. At first, white and cottony but develping rose to red color on both sides
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
Large, hand grenade-shaped spores with both longitudinal and transverse cross walls. Borne singly or in chains. Septate, dematiaceous fungi.
Small one-celled spores irradiating out from swollen base (see arrows)
Large, dark, central structure is perithecium that contains ascospores (sexually produced)
Single celled, clear, elliptical spores held together in a ball unless broken loose
Large, bent spores with 3 to 5 cells. Similar to Helminthosporium spp. Brown, septate hyphae.
Largest spores are sickle-shaped and may contain several cells. Small spores with one to two cells have more rounded ends.
GELASINOSPORA
GEOTRICHUM
GLIOCLADIUM
HORMODENDRUM
NEUROSPORA (MONILIA)
NIGROSPORA
PAECILOMYCES
MORPHOLOGY
Dark colony with numerous small black dots which are perithecia (sexual organs for Ascomycetes)
Flat, rapid-growing colony. White at first, then developing dark green central portion
Green to gray to black colony on both sides. Often wrinkled and grows flat
White at first but grows rapidly filling the entire Petri dish in a few days and becoming a salmon to brown color. Mycelium may hang from the lid of the Petri dish.
Rapid growing, producing abundant fluffly, aerial hyphae, gray to black on both sides. Resembles Mucor or Rhizopus
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
Squashed perithecium showing many asci, each containing 8 sexually produced ascospores
Note hyphae breaking into arthrospores. May be confused with Coccidioides immitis.
Numerous small spores held together in a clump. Similar to Penicillium spp. Except for the clumping of spores.
Dark brown septate hyphae bear branching chains of elongate to ovate spores that often contain a small black dot at the end. Spore bearing structures look tree-like
Clear septate hyphae with large masses of ovate spores which are air-dispersed
Similar to Penicillium spp. except small spores are produced on very long, slender structures
PENICILLIUM
PULLULARIA (Aureobasidium)
RHODOTORULA
RHIZOPUS
SACCHAROMYCES
SCOPULARIOPSIS
SEPEDONIUM
MORPHOLOGY
Gray to brown to black colony filling a Petri dish in 2 to 3 days. Similar to Mucor spp.
Powdery, light brown, wrinkled colony resembling Penicillium spp. Except for color.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
Mixture of dark, thick-walled, large hyphal cells and clear spores which seem to be budding
Long, slender yeast cells, usually budding, but may appear to form pseudohyphae.
Similar to Mucor spp. except footlike structures (rhizoids) at base of spore bearing hyphae (see arrows). Spores in sporangium clear, coenocytic hyphae
Resembles Penicillium spp. except spores are larger and form unbranched-chains
SPOROBOLOMYCES
STEMPHYLUM
STREPTOMYCES
SYNCEPHALASTRUM
VERTICILLIUM
SUPERFICIAL Dermatophytoses dermatophytes Genus Microsporum Genus Epidermophyton Genus Trichophyton Pityriasis Versicolor Malazzezia furfur
Gray to brown to black fluffy colony that may fill a Petri dish in a few days. Similar to Mucor and Rhizopus spp
Tinia nigra Cladosporium werneckii Piedra white Trichosporum(beigelli) cutaneum black Piedraia hortai
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
Otomycosis Aspergillus Mucor Penicillium Rhizopus Keratitis Fusarium Aspergillus Curvularia Penicillium Cephalosporium Candida species
DESCRIPTION
Yeast cells that may form long slender tubes. Reproduces by budding
Hyphae are brown and strongly septate: huge multicelled terminal spores that may either be smooth or rough
Broad, clear, nonseptate hyphae, spores in many slender sac-like structures (sporangia) adhere to a swelling on the terminal end of hypha.
DERMATOPHYTES
MICROSPORUM AUDOUINII
MICROSPORUM CANIS
MICROSPORUM DISTORTUM
MICROSPORUM FERRUGINEUM
MICROSPORUM GYPSEUM
MICROSPORUM NANUM
MICROSPORUM VANBREUSEGHEMII
CULTURE
MORPHOLOGY
Cultured on Sabouraud plus 2 antibiotics at room temp. for 2-3 weeks. Fluffy white colony with slight yellow underside
Cultured on Sabouraud medium plus 2 antibiotics at room temp. for 1-2 weeks. White on top with bright yellow underside.
Culture on Sabouraud medium plus 2 antibiotcs at room temperature for 3 weeks. Similar to Microsporum canis but with less pigmentation.
Cultured on Sabouraud medium plus 2 antibiotics for 3 weeks at room temp. White to intense orange yellow strains; often sectors
Cultured on Sabouraud medium plus 2 antibiotics for 5-10 days at room temp. Grows rapidly, producing a cinnamon to brown colored flat colony.
Cultured on Sabouraud medium plus 2 antibiotics at room temp. for 1-3 weeks. White to buff surface: bottom often yellow red brown.
Cultured on Sabouraud medium plus 2 antibiotics for 1-2 weeks at room temp. Cottony white surface, may develop pink to tan coloration; bottom often colorless to yellow.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
Highly diagnostic large, thickwalled, rough spores containing more than 6 septa.
Large spores similar to Microsporum canis but distorted and bent in shape.
Numerous, characteristic, Large spore; thin-walled, pointed ends with 2-5 septa.
Huge, long, thick rough- walled spores with more than 8 septa.
DERMATOPHYTES
TRICHOPHYTON VIOLACEUM
TRICHOPHYTON CONCENTRICUM
TRICHOPHYTON EQUINUM
TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGRPPHYTES
CULTURE
DERMATOPHYTES
SUBCUTANEOUS
CULTURE CULTURE
SUBCUTANEOUS Sporotrichosis Sporothrix schenckii Chromomycosis or Chromoblastomycosis CLADOSPORIM CARRIONI BASIDIOBOLUS RANARUM Phialophora verrucosa Fonsecae pedrosoi Cladosporium carrioni Mycetoma or Maduromycosis Actinomycotic Actinomadurae Nocardia The colony has a dark surface, flat Colonies are flat, yellowish gray Streptomyces with slightly raised center. It is to creamy gray, glabrous Eumycotic(true covered with velvety dullfungi) gray, becoming radially folded and Allescheria(or gray green or purplish brown, short Petriellidium) covered by a fine powder, white napped mycelium. Reverse is Madurella surface mycelium black. Phialophora Entomopthoromycosis Basidiobolus ranarum Conidiobolus coronatus Lobomycosis Lacazia loboi(Loboa loboi) Rhinosporidiosis Rhinosporidium seeberi Phaeohypomycosis Wangiella spp The hyphae is septate, dark with There is the presence of large Exophialia spp lateral and terminal conidiophores vegetative hyphae forming Cladosporium spp. of varying size. conidiophores numerous round, smooth, thick produce long branching chainsspp. of Hormodendrum walled zygospores with two brown, smooth walled, oval, Dreschlera spp. closely appressed beaklike
pointed conidia which have dark scars of attachment
PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
MORPHOLOGY MORPHOLOGY
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
One observes clear septate hyphae which may break up Clear, septate hyphae into individual cells. with
Large, club-shaped spores with 2 to 5 septa, often form in Round, oval, or cigar-shaped pairs.
10% KOH with Parker ink mount showing characteristic spherical yeast cells and short The hyphae is elements septate, typical branched pseudohyphal and brown. of the lungs The conidia is dark
PIEDRA
Cultured on Sabouraud The colonies are smooth to medium on 2 antibiotics for 1-3 slightly wrinkled (not fuzzy) Dark, greasy-looking culture White to tan yeast colonies after weeks at room temp. Yellow to and white tan in color after 1 to 2to weeks incubation on green 1 to 3 weeks incubation on brain colored surface; green to Sabouraud medium heart infusion agar. brown underside.
Colonies in Dixons agar are cream to smooth or Surface is yellowish, dark green, gray or lightlycovered wrinkled, or black, byglistening silvery, velvetdull, with the margin being like mycelium. It is usually flat, either entire or lobate then develops a cone shaped protrusion in the center. Reverse is black.
Surface is dark green to black. tinge. They are very compact, The colonies are heaped, brittle have a raised center and are with irregular indented borders. slightly fuzzy. There are brownish hyphae on the surface One observes dematiaceous hyphae containing numerous septa
The colonies are dark brown and may have a metallic green Surface is dark greenish, brown to black with a close matlike, olive to gray mycelium. Some strains are heaped, granular or flat with a matted appearance. Reverse is black.
Hyphae is septate, brown, branching and bear Cladosporium of conidiophores. Outstanding features are flasklike shape conidia and compact arrangement of conidial chain.
The hyphae is brown, branched and septate with vase-shaped Phialophora type conidiophores. The conidiophores are single or multiple, lateral or terminal and bear easily disrupted masses of oval conidia
appendages
SUBCUTANEOUS
EXOPHIALA JEANSELMEI
CULTURE
MORPHOLOGY
Slow growing, dryappearing colonies on Sabouraud medium. Morphology varies between etiologic agents. Use biochemical tests.
Colonies are slow growing, initially black and yeastlike, becoming suede-like, ovilaceous grey and mould like age.
Colonies are flat, cream-colored, glabrous becoming radially folded and covered by fine powdery white surface mycelium and conidiophores.
The colonies are brown or green-black, moist and glistening. With age they become covered with velvety grayish hyphae. The reverse is black
GRAPHIUM, asexual state of P . BOYDII (sexual state). The coremia or Synnemata(conidial structures) of the Graphium state of P.boydii have terminal hyaline conidia, club-shaped or cylindrical, approximately 6 x 3 um. In the sexual state(P.boydii), large, 50-200 um in diameter, round, brown cleistothecia are found containing ascospores
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
SCEDOSPORIUM APIOSPERMUM (ASEXUAL STATE OF BOYDII) The Scedosporium type of conidia of P . boydii may rise directly from the septate hyphae or from the tip of conidiophores, appear truncated at the base, and sometimes resemble the conidia of Blastomyces dermatitidis. The hyphae are long and slender, branch at acute angles and thus may resemble aspergilli.
The
hyphae
have
few
septa.
The
DESCRIPTION
help to determine between some etiologic agents. Delicate hyphae, 1 um. All are members of the Actinomycetes. Recommended room temperature incubation, although morphology is similar at both temp
round budding yeast-like cells are formed. Subsequently these cells produce septate hyphae with flask-shaped to cylindrical phialides found at the tip of the phialide and also along d hyphae.
conidiophores are unbranched forming solitary terminal conidia. The conidia are spherical, single-celled and have a prominent papilla. It may also produce hairlike appendages called villae.
elongated, tubular and with a tapered, narrow end. Conidia are smooth, thinwalled, and ellipsoid and can gather in clusters around the conidiophores and at points along the septate hyphae
RHINOSPOR This organism has never been cultured; its existence as a water saprophyte or fish pathogen is suspected IDIUM SEEBERI (RT AND 37 C)
DEEP SEATED Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis South American Blastomycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis North American Blastomycosis Blastomycosis dermatitidis
DEEP SEATED
37 C
COCCIDIODES IMMITIS
PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRAZILIENSIS RT
37 C
CULTURE
MORPHOLOGY
Whtie, innocent looking (but dangerous) colony after 1-3 weeks incubation on Saboraud medium. Note color of underside
White to tan yeast colony after 1 to 3 weeks incubation on brain heart infusion agar.
Innocent looking, but dangerous white fluffy colony on Sabouraud medium after 1 to 3 weeks incubation. Underside may develop darker color
White, slow growing, nondescript colony on Sabouraud medium after 2 to 4 weeks incubation
Rough, dry yeast colonies after 2 to 4 weeks incubation on brain heart infusion agar
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
Characteristic large tuberculated macroconidia (10-20 um) and occasional smaller, infectious microconidia
Hyphae forming characteristic arthrospores 4 x 8 um Grows sparsely at37, same morphology at 37 and RT
BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS RT 37 C
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
ASPERGILLUS SP RT / 37 C
RHIZOPUS
MORPHOLOGY
Colony after 1 to 3 weeks incubation on Sabouraud medium. White colony, brown to tan underside
Rough, dry, heaped-up yeast colony after 1 to 3 weeks incubation on brain heart infusion agar
Aspergillosis Aspergillus fumigatus Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis) Phycomycosis Rhizopus Mucor Absidia Basidiobolus Conidiobolus
Upper left: green colony after 5 to 10 days on Sabouraud medium. Colorless underside
All etiologic agents rapidly fill Petri dish after 2 to 4 days incubation. Becomes tan or gray
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
Chlamydospore agar, 1 to 2 days incubationl Note yeast cells, pseudohyphae and chlamydospores Usually cultured at RT. Some species grow at 37 C and have morphology similar to that of organisms grown at RT
India ink preparation showing numerous heavily encapsulated yeast cells Usually cultured at 37 C to inhibit contaminants
Typical Usually cultured at room temperature. Some species grow at 37 C and have morphology similar to that or organisms grown at room temperature
Characteristic features sporangium, coenocytic hyphae and rootlike structures Optimal incubation temp is 30 C. morphologically similar at any temp
OPPORTUNISTIC
BASIDIOBOLUS RANARUM
GEOTRICHUM
PENICILLIUM
CULTURE
MORPHOLOGY
Colonies are flat, yellowish gray to creamy gray, glabrous becoming radially folded and covered by a fine powder, white surface mycelium
Colonies are flat, cream-colored, glabrous becoming radially folded and covered by fine powdery white surface mycelium and conidiophores.
MICROSCOPIC VIEW
DESCRIPTION
The hyphae have few septa. The conidiophores are unbranched forming solitary terminal conidia. The conidia are spherical, single-celled and have a
round, smooth, thick walled zygospores with two closely appressed beaklike appendages
Coccidioides immitis.