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Electrical Cables

Contents : 1- Construction of cables . 2- The Insulation 3- Comparison between PVC & XLPE insulating materials 4- Classification of cables according to their Operating Voltage 5- Ratings of Standard Cables.

Supervised by /
DR / Mohammed Gamal El Din

Prepared by /
Ahmed Ibrahem Omar Abd El-Hameed

Sec.
1

1-Construction Of cables :

The general construction of the cable is given below: 1. conductor (made from copper or aluminium). 2. Conductor Shield (Semi conductor material). 3. Insulating Material (usually made from XLPE material). 4. Insulation Shield (Semi conductor material). 5. Metallic Sheath (Tape Shield). 6. Inner Filler (Bedding) 7. Inner Jacket (made from PVC). 8. Armouring 9. Outer Jacket ( ) () ()

(made from PVC).

2- The Insulation :
The selection of a particular type of insulation to be used depends upon the purpose for which the cable is required and qualities of insulation to be aimed at. The following are the chief types of insulation groups that can be used: 1. Rubber. 2. Polyethylene. 3. Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). 4. Fibrous material. 5. Silk, cotton, enamel. 6. Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (XLPE).

3- Comparison between PVC & XLPE insulating materials:


Although PVC cables are used in large quantities in every sphere of need, but LT XLPE cables is found to give far better performance compared to PVC both in function and economically.

PVC Material

XLPE Material

Under short circuit condition, this Under short circuit condition, this cable cable can withstand upto 160 degree Ccan withstand upto 250 degree C temperature temperature PVC cannot withstand this effects XLPE can withstand vibration and hot impacts. PVC cannot withstand this effects It also has 100 times more moisture resistance capacity compared to PVC. For the economic side is considered then LT XLPE cables has low installation cost because of light weight, dimension and flexibility. The joining is far more easier and quicker. LT XLPE cables has insulation resistance of 1000 times compared to PVC cables.

6-Classification of cables according to their Operating Voltage:


1- Low Voltage Cable : (up to 1 kv).

2- Medium Voltage Cable : (3kv up to 30 kv).

3- High Voltage Cable : (66 kv up to 500 kv )

6-Ratings of Standard Cables:


For single core cable C.S.A (mm2) 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 185 240 300 400 630

Standard for Multi-Core Cables With Neutral: (" For Low Voltage") 123456789( 3 * 16 mm2 + 6 mm2 ) (3 * 25 mm2 + 10 mm2). (4 * 16 mm2). (4 * 25 mm2). (3 * 35 mm2 + 16 mm2). (3 * 50 mm2 + 25 mm2). (3 * 70 mm2 + 35 mm2). (3 * 185 mm2 + 95 mm2). (3 * 240 mm2 + 120 mm2). (becoming less commonly used)

Standard for Multi-Core Cables Without Neutral: (" For Medium Voltage") 12345678(3 * 35 mm2). (3 * 70 mm2). (3 * 150 mm2). (3 * 240 mm2). (3 * 300 mm2) (1 * 300 mm2 ). (1 * 400 mm2). (1 * 630 mm2).

(New Standard) (Single core)

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