Atomic Structure

Q-1: We know, protons number of isotopes remain same. Like the same way there are some atoms which have equal number of neutrons. Observe the following atoms: , a) What do you mean by isobar? b) Separate isotopes and isobars from the above atoms. c) Find out the electron number, proton number and neutron number from the above atoms. d) Isotope of chlorine is found 75% in the nature. Find out the relative atomic mass of chlorine. Q-2: There are two famous models of atoms related with the structure of atom. First model is compared with solar system. In another model it is thought that there are different energy levels around nucleus in an atom. a) What is the name of first and second model? b) Mention two postulates of the first model. c) Describe the postulates of the second model. d) According to the second model write down the rules of the arrangement of electrons in atoms. Q-3: 110 elements have definite atomic numbers in chemistry. We can show electronic configuration by using those atomic numbers. Electronic configuration of two elements of those elements are shown below Symbolic Atomic number Electronic configuration element A 3 2, 1 B 11 2, 8, 1 C 19 2, 8, 8, 1 D 37 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 a) Name the elements written as A, B, C and D in the stem. b) Show the cause of the definite positions of elements in the periodic table. c) Find out the positions of the elements mentioned in the stem. d) If atomic radius of A, B, C and D elements are 2.05, 2.23, 2.77, 2.98 oA respectively, what sequence is maintained by the elements for changing their sizes? Explain. Q-4: Three symbols related with the symbols of oxygen were mentioned below:
2-

a) b) c) d)

What is the name of the negative particle of atoms? How many energy levels may exist in an atom? Explain. Find out the number of electros, proton and neutron from the structure of the 3rd element. Describe the Chemical properties of isotopes according to the elements mentioned in the stem.

Q-5 : a) Which atom has an atomic number of 3? b) Which atoms are isotopes of same elements? Why explain. c) Show electronic configuration of the above elements. d) Describe the properties of the above elements describing their electronic configuration. Q-6: M, Q, R and S are four elements which atomic numbers are respectively 6, 9, 17 and 20. They form various types of compound in various types of bond formation. a) What is atomic number? b) Valency of an element can be determined from its valence 2 electrons explain? c) Discuss the process of bond formation between element R and element S? d) Compound which is formed by the combination of element Q and element S dissolves in water but compound which is formed by the combination of element M and element R does not dissolve in water explain.

Q-7:

What is atomic number? Why atom is electrically neutral? Find out the position of the element in the periodic table that mentioned in the figure B? Figure B is more acceptable than that of figure A about the concept of the position of electron in atom, give your logic. Q-8: There is given some elements with their respective atomic numbers and atomic masses below: Element Atomic No Atomic mass Carbon 6 12 Oxygen 8 16 Neon 10 20 Sodium 11 23 Magnesium 12 24 Aluminum 13 27 Sulphur 16 32 Chlorine 17 35.5 Argon 18 40 Observing the table and answer the following questions: a) Which elements dont take part in chemical reaction? b) What is the mass of one carbon atom? Calculate. c) Write down the electronic configuration of the above elements. d) Determine the position of the elements in the periodic table with the help of electronic configuration. Q-9: Atoms of every element consist of fine fundamental particles, some are positively charged some are negatively charged and some have no charge. A fundamental particle continuously moves around the nucleus. Properties of an element can be known from the configuration of this stay in the nucleus of atom. a) What is energy shell? b) Why atom becomes charged? c) Show the electronic distribution of Ca through diagram and find out the valency and also position of Ca in the periodic table from it. d) The electronic arrangement of an atom play primary role in determining the reactivity and passivity of an element explain. Q-10: Atoms of every element consist of fine fundamental particles. Among these particles, some are positively charged, some are negatively charged and some have no charge. A fundamental particle continuously moves around the nucleus. The properties of an element can be known from the configuration of this fundamental particle in an atom. An element becomes charged due to accept or release of this particle. The other particles stay in the nucleus of atom. a) What is the name of the particle that moves round the nucleus? b) Why atom becomes charged? c) Show the electron distribution of Cu atom through diagram and find out the valency of Cu from it. d) The electronic arrangement of an atom play primary role in determining the reactivity and passivity of an element explain.

a) b) c) d)

Q-11: Look at the following figure and answer the questions.

+12

+8

Mg atom a) b) c) d)

O atom

What type of bond the above two atoms can form? What is ionic bond? Ionic bond is a strong bond explain. What type of bond is present in water molecule (H2O) you think?

Q-12: Observe the table and answer the questions. Atom Electron Proton Neutron P 6 6 8 Q 7 7 8 R 6 6 9 S 8 8 8 a) What is fundamental paricle? b) What is isotope? Which two atoms are isotopes? c) Calculate the mass number of the above mentioned elements. d) Relative atomic mass is not the real mass of the atom explain. Q-13: Jakir sir asked Rayhan what is the smallest component of a particle? Rayhan replied atom. Jakir sir said everybody knows that, Daltons theory gives the idea that atom is the smallest particle. But this idea is inaccurate. Modern theory tells that atom is formed by smallest particle, which is known as fundamental particle. a) What are fundamental particles? b) Why relative mass and charge are counted instead of its true mass and charge. c) Atomic number represents individual property of an Atom explain what the relation between atomic number and mass number is. d) Write down a brief discussion on fundamental particles. Q-14: The diagram shows the atomic structure of an atom of element X XX XX electron X nucleus = a proton = a neutron
a) What is the atomic number of element X? b) Draw a diagram to show the atomic structure of another isotope of element X. c) Complete the following table and describe about the sub-atomic particles.

sub-atomic particle electron neutron proton

relative charge 1

relative mass

d) Explain the justification of electron arrangement of element X in the light of Bohrs electronic arrangement theory of atom.

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The following is a list of the electron distributions of atoms of unknown elements. element A B C D E F a) b) c) d) electron distribution 2,5 2,8,4 2,8,8,2 2,8,18,8 2,8,18,8,1 2,8,18,18,7

Which one is soft metal with low density? Which one of the above is noble gas and why? Which one can form covalent compound with A? Explain the bonding with diagram. Elements C and F can form an ionic compound. Draw and explain a diagram that shows the formula of this compound, the charges on the ions and the arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ion. Use o to represent an electron from an atom of C. Use x to represent an electron from an atom of F.