Q-1: Electronic configurations of four elements are shown belowElement Electronic configuration A 2, 8, 7 B 2, 8, 3 C 2, 8, 5 D 2, 8, 8, 2 a) What is electronic configuration?

b) Explain the position of the two metal atoms in the periodic table according to the configurations. c) Explain the structure of Sodium and its compound NaA. d) Describe the structure of bonding of the compound formed between C and hydrogen. Q-2: Electronic configuration of four unknown elements is as follows: Element Electronic configuration W 2, 7 X 2, 8, 6 Y 2, 8, 8 Z 2, 8, 8, 2 a) Write down the name and symbols of the elements. b) Explain the significance of Y element. c) Describe the structure of the compound formed by the combination of W and Z element. d) The compound which is formed by the combination of X and w element may have what types of properties? Q-3: Electronic configuration of four unknown elements is as follows: Element Electronic configuration A 2, 8, 7 B 2, 8, 8, 1 C 2, 8 a) Write down the chemical name of the metallic element given in the table. b) Why element C does not react with A or B. c) Describe the construction of molecule A2 with figure. d) Describe the construction of the two compounds of high melting point formed by the combination of two elements. Q-4: Electronic configuration of the element A is 2, 8, 18, 7 and another element B is 2, 8, 1. When element A reacts with element B AB compound is formed. a) What is chemical formula of compound AB? b) What type of bond is present in AB compound? Explain. c) Show diagram of the bond formation mechanism of element A with an element having atomic number 19. d) Above compound have low melting and boiling and insoluble in water. Justify your answer. Q-5: Read the following table and answer the questions. Example Melting point Boiling point Shape Bonding angle o o o H2 -129 C -253 C Linear 180 o o o H2O 0C 100 C V shape 104.5 o o o CH4 -183 C -162 C Tetrahedral 109 o o o NH3 -77 C -33.2 C Pyramid shape 107.5 a) What is covalent bond? b) Write the important features for the formation of chemical bonding. c) What type of bond is present in H2O and CH4 molecules? Explain. d) Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point and insoluble in water explain. Q-6: For the variation of electronic configuration, ionic or covalent bond is formed. Electron configurations of two atoms are given below.

+15

+17

a) b) c) d)

What type of bond will be formed between the atoms? Write down the differences between the bond formed between the atoms and ionic bond. According the figure describe the formation of bond between P and Cl atoms. Describe the role of electronic configuration for the formation of chemical bonds.

Q-7: Hydrogen atom has only one electron. It has the capacity to get the electronic structure of Helium atom. To do so it needs another extra electron in its orbit. When two hydrogen atoms come close to one another, they remain in between the two nuclei as a shared pair. Covalent bond is thus formed.

+1

+1

+1

+1

Q-8:

Q-9:

Q-10:

Q-11:

a) What do you mean by covalent bond? b) Write few important properties of covalent compounds. c) Ionic compounds soluble in water, but covalent compounds are usually not soluble in water explain. d) What kind of compound is CaCl2 you think? Justify your answer. Atoms does not stay in free state except inert gases. Generally the atom doesnt stay is stable condition. They become stable for forming compound. In ionic compound they form it by positively and negatively charged ion. If you dissolve the + compound NaCl you will get Na and Cl ion. On the other hand covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons. a) What are ions? b) Give four differences between ion and atom? c) Show and explain how ions are formed? d) Suppose you are given a compound whose atomic number are 20 and 17. Find the bond within it? Show evidences in favour of saying. o o Melting point and boiling point of the salt, which we used for eating, NaCl, is 801 C and 1465 C. They do not conduct electricity during solid state but during the liquid or dissolving state they do. They are ionic compounds. a) Define ionic bond. b) Which element form ionic bond? c) Write down the features of ionic compound. d) Why ionic compound does not conduct electricity during solid state? Explain. Only the atoms of inert gases exist as free in nature. Atoms of other elements do not exist in free state in nature. Two atoms of some elements combine to form a molecule, for example O 2, N2, Cl2 etc. More than two atoms of some elements combine to form s molecule, e.g. o3, P4 etc. On the other hand two or more atoms of different compounds, e.g. HCl, H2O, CO2, C3H5OH etc. The atoms in these molecules are bound to each other by special attractive force, which is known as bond. a) What is chemical bond? b) Why inert gases are chemically inert? c) Explain the causes of chemical bond formation between atoms. d) Show that sodium chloride is an ionic compound. At the extreme right of the periodic table we find six elements in the zero group. These are Helium(He), Neon(Ne), Argon(Ar), Krypton(Kr), Xenon(Xe) and Raton(Rn). These are gases under normal conditions and re called inert gases. Electronic configurations of a few inert gases are given below: Symbol Atomic K L M N O P number Helium(He) 2 2 Neon(Ne) 10 2 8 Argon(Ar) 18 2 8 8 Krypton(Kr) 36 2 8 18 8 a) Why inert gas elements are placed in zero group in the periodic table? b) Why does inert gases are chemically inert? c) The elements of VIIA, halogens from both ionic and covalent compounds explain with examples. d) What is the order of reactivity of group VII elements (halogens)? Justify your answer using reactions of these elements with (i0 H2O and (ii) H2.

Q-12 The structures of two ionic lattices are shown below.

a) b) c) d)

What type of bond present in the above two compounds? Draw the electronic structure of both magnesium and sodium ion. Explain why these two solids do not conduct electricity at solid state. Analyze the following: i. sodium chloride has a high melting point. ii. Both the compounds shown in the above are soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.

Q-13 The structure of sodium chloride is drawn below.

a) b) c) d)

What type of bond present in the above compound? Explain why sodium chloride has high melting point. Explain why sodium chloride cannot conduct electricity at solid state but can conduct electricity at molten or soluble state. How sodium chloride bond is formed? Explain with diagram.

Q-14: The diagram shows the structures of calcium chloride, calcium and chlorine. Cl Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Ca2+ Cl

Ca2+

Ca Ca

Ca Ca Ca

Ca Ca Ca

Ca Ca Cl Cl

Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

Ca

Ca2+

Ca2+ calcium

calcium chloride

chlorine

a) What type of bonds is present in calcium chloride and calcium? b) Write down the state of the substances mentioned above at normal condition. c) Calcium chloride conducts electricity when molten but not when solid explain and justify the statement according to the above structure. d) Use ideas about structure and bonding to explain the following: i. At room temperature, calcium is a solid but chlorine is a gas. ii. Calcium is a good conductor of electricity.