Layer (i) Vi (m/s)

1
2000
2
4000
3
3000

Hi (m)
600
400
1000

Dt0i
0.6000
0.2000
0.6667

T0i
0.6000
0.8000
1.4667

True RMS Velocity (m/s)

2000
2646
2812

Zi (m)
600
1000
2000

0
0.0

X
0
101
203
305
407
510
615
720
827
936
1047
1161
1277
1397
1520
1648
1781
1920
2065
2219
2382
2558
2748
2958
3193
3464
3789
4205
4805
5955
6152
6382
6655
6989

LAYER 3
Te
1.467
1.467
1.468
1.471
1.474
1.478
1.483
1.489
1.496
1.504
1.513
1.523
1.535
1.548
1.562
1.578
1.596
1.616
1.638
1.662
1.689
1.720
1.755
1.795
1.842
1.898
1.968
2.061
2.200
2.475
2.523
2.579
2.645
2.727

0.5

1.0

1.5
T (s)

Layer (i)
1
2
3
Vi
2000
4000
3000
Hi
600
400
1000
Dt0i
0.6000 0.2000 0.6667
T0i
0.6000 0.8000 1.4667
LAYER 1
LAYER 2
X
Te
X
Te
0
0.600
0
0.800
21
0.600
49
0.800
42
0.600
98
0.801
63
0.601
147
0.802
84
0.601
197
0.803
105
0.602
247
0.805
126
0.603
297
0.808
147
0.605
348
0.811
169
0.606
400
0.814
190
0.607
454
0.818
212
0.609
508
0.823
233
0.611
564
0.828
255
0.613
621
0.833
277
0.616
680
0.840
299
0.618
741
0.847
322
0.621
806
0.855
344
0.624
873
0.864
367
0.627
944
0.874
390
0.631
1019
0.885
413
0.635
1100
0.898
437
0.639
1187
0.913
461
0.643
1283
0.929
485
0.647
1390
0.949
509
0.652
1511
0.972
534
0.657
1653
1.001
560
0.662
1825
1.036
585
0.668
2044
1.083
611
0.673
2345
1.151
638
0.680
2821
1.261
665
0.686
3836
1.504
693
0.693
4019
1.548
721
0.700
4235
1.600
750
0.708
4493
1.664
779
0.715
4813
1.742

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2000

809
840
872
904
938
972
1007
1043
1080
1119
1159
1200
1243
1287
1333
1380
1430
1482
1536
1592
1652
1714
1779
1848
1920
1997
2078
2165
2257
2355
2460
2573
2695
2827
2970
3126
3297
3485
3693
3925
4185
4478

0.724
0.732
0.742
0.751
0.761
0.772
0.783
0.795
0.807
0.820
0.834
0.849
0.864
0.880
0.897
0.915
0.933
0.953
0.975
0.997
1.021
1.046
1.073
1.102
1.132
1.165
1.200
1.238
1.278
1.322
1.369
1.420
1.475
1.536
1.602
1.674
1.754
1.843
1.942
2.052
2.177
2.318

5222
5774
6580
7926
10953

1.843
1.979
2.178
2.512
3.266

7413
7980
8801
10162

2.832
2.971
3.174
3.512

4813
5198
5646
6173
6806
7577
8538
9773
11417

2.480
2.667
2.886
3.145
3.455
3.835
4.311
4.923
5.740

X (m)
2000

4000

6000

8000
LAYER 1
LAYER 2
LAYER 3

10000

X X/Z3 T3(X)
0
0.0 1.467
101 0.1 1.467
203 0.1 1.468
305 0.2 1.471
407 0.2 1.474
510 0.3 1.478
615 0.3 1.483
720 0.4 1.489
827 0.4 1.496
936 0.5 1.504
1047 0.5 1.513
1161 0.6 1.523
1277 0.6 1.535
1397 0.7 1.548
1520 0.8 1.562
1648 0.8 1.578
1781 0.9 1.596
1920 1.0 1.616
2065 1.0 1.638
2219 1.1 1.662
2382 1.2 1.689
2558 1.3 1.720
2748 1.4 1.755
2958 1.5 1.795
3193 1.6 1.842
3464 1.7 1.898
3789 1.9 1.968
4205 2.1 2.061
4805 2.4 2.200
5955 3.0 2.475
6152 3.1 2.523
6382 3.2 2.579
6655 3.3 2.645
6989 3.5 2.727
7413 3.7 2.832
7980 4.0 2.971
8801 4.4 3.174
10162 5.1 3.512

X2
0
10254
41097
92771
165689
260441
377810
518789
684614
876788
1097133
1347844
1631562
1951476
2311445
2716177
3171468
3684528
4264469
4922995
5675482
6542671
7553487
8750015
10196916
12001050
14357718
17680864
23086862
35463157
37851321
40730115
44292183
48851418
54958993
63687175
77459752
103275478

T3 2
14
2.1511111111 y = 2.4894071810E-48x6 - 7.0064843333E-40x5 + 6.183964039
25x3 - 4.6490373668E-16x2 + 1.2646238319E
2.1524075470
R = 9.9999999797E
2.1563064405
12
2.1628367606
2.1720475054
2.1840088120
10
2.1988135865
2.2165797367
2.2374531269
2.2616114225
8
2.2892690570
2.3206836469
2.3561643107
6
2.3960825447
2.4408865991
2.4911207521
4
2.5474515941
2.6107046076
2.6819163024
2.7624106349
2
2.8539147846
2.9587415904
3.0800909256
0
3.2225770933
0.0E+00
2.0E+07
4.0E+07
6.0E+07
3.3932204650
3.6034917273
3.8740761487
4.2480822716
4.8390744448
6.1248639182
6.3642023068
6.6495690602
6.9983006909
7.4382928540
8.0178251997
8.8292366830
10.0769717688
12.3357843635

+ 6.1839640395E-32x4 + 2.3518865606E1.2646238319E-07x + 2.1511111111E+00

.9999999797E-01

6.0E+07

8.0E+07

1.0E+08

1.2E+08

Error

# Terms Ploynomial Degree (N) True RMS Velocity (m/s)

C1
2
2
2812
1.0462E-07
3
4
2812
1.1887E-07
4
6
2812
1.2539E-07
5
8
2812
1.2685E-07
6
10
2812
1.2676E-07
7
12
2812
1.2646E-07
:Notes
.We find C1 by fitting a polynomial of degree N and copying the coefficient of X and pasting it into the C
.)Calculated RMS velocity=1/(C1)^(1/2 )2(
.E=|True_RMS - Calculated_RMS|/True_RMS * 100 )3(
Note the decrease in E as N increases. This indicates that as we use more terms of the expansion, the estimation of the
.RMS velocity from C1 becomes better
Here we are using all offsets. Therefore, you see that we get relatively high errors because we are violating the short
.offset assumption. For example, compare the 2-term error with that in short offsets
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
0

10

Polynomial Degree (N)

12

14

Calculated RMS Velocity (m/s)

3092
2900
2824
2808
2809
2812

E
9.94%
3.13%
0.42%
0.16%
0.13%
0.01%

g the coefficient of X and pasting it into the C1 column )1(

we use more terms of the expansion, the estimation of the )4(

t relatively high errors because we are violating the short- )5(

with that in short offsets

X
0
101
203
305
407
510
615
720
827
936
1047
1161
1277
1397
1520
1648
1781
1920
2065

X/Z3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0

T3(X)
1.467
1.467
1.468
1.471
1.474
1.478
1.483
1.489
1.496
1.504
1.513
1.523
1.535
1.548
1.562
1.578
1.596
1.616
1.638

X2
0
10254
41097
92771
165689
260441
377810
518789
684614
876788
1097133
1347844
1631562
1951476
2311445
2716177
3171468
3684528
4264469

T3 2
3.00
2.1511111111
2.1524075470
2.1563064405
2.1628367606 2.50
2.1720475054
2.1840088120
2.1988135865
2.00
2.2165797367
2.2374531269
2.2616114225
2.2892690570 1.50
2.3206836469 y = 4.3544682657E-47x6 + 8.5970221306E-40x5 - 3.7325425102
2.3561643107
24x3 - 4.6687049018E-16x2 + 1.2643678182
2.3960825447
R = 1.0000000000E+
1.00
2.4408865991
2.4911207521
2.5474515941
2.6107046076 0.50
2.6819163024

0.00
0.0E+00

1.0E+06

2.0E+06

- 3.7325425102E-32x4 + 1.5569100820E1.2643678182E-07x + 2.1511111111E+00

.0000000000E+00

2.0E+06

3.0E+06

4.0E+06

5.0E+06

Error

# Terms Ploynomial Degree (N) True RMS Velocity (m/s)

C1
2
2
2812
1.2497E-07
3
4
2812
1.2643E-07
4
6
2812
1.2644E-07
5
8
2812
1.2644E-07
6
10
2812
1.2644E-07
7
12
2812
1.2644E-07
:Notes
.We find C1 by fitting a ploynomial of degree N and copying the coefficient of X and pasting it into the C
.)Calculated RMS velocity=1/(C1)^(1/2 )2(
.E=|True_RMS - Calculated_RMS|/True_RMS * 100 )3(
Note the decrease in E as N increases. This indicates that as we use more terms of the expansion, the estimation of the
.RMS velocity from C1 becomes better
Here we are using short offsets only (maxX/Z=<1.0). Therefore, you see that we get relatively low errors because we
.are keeping the short-offset assumption. For example, compare the 2-term error with that in all offsets

:Conclusion

0.7%
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.0%

We can achieve the same accuracy in

estimating the true T
series expansion by
used
faster than including more terms in the
.series
0

10

Polynomial Degree (N)

12

14

Calculated RMS Velocity (m/s)

2829
2812
2812
2812
2812
2812

E
0.58%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%

g the coefficient of X and pasting it into the C1 column )1(

s we use more terms of the expansion, the estimation of the )4(

efore, you see that we get relatively low errors because we )5(
term error with that in all offsets

:Conclusion
We can achieve the same accuracy in
estimating the true T-X curve through a
series expansion by limiting the maximum
used offset to less than the reflector depth
faster than including more terms in the
series