International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND

D (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)

ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), pp. 369-384 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.3277 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

IJCIET
IAEME

SELF COMPACTING MORTARS OF BINARY AND TERNARY CEMENTITIOUS BLENDING WITH M E T A K A O L I N A N D F L Y ASH
1

N. Krishna Murthy, 2 N. Aruna, 3 A.V.Narasimha Rao,3 I.V.Ramana Reddy, 4 M.Vijaya Sekhar Reddy

(1Engineering Department, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa & Research Scholar, S.V.University, Tirupati, India) (2P.G.Student, Department of Civil Engineering, S.V.U.College of Engg. Tirupati, India) (3Professor Department of Civil Engineering, S.V.University. Tirupati, India) (4HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, SKIT, Srikalahasti, India)

ABSTRACT This paper reports an experimental investigation on the mortar phase test with mini slump cone for self compacting mortar (SCM). Self-compacting concrete has to fulfill contradictory requirements of high flowing ability when it is being cast and high viscosity when it is at rest, in order to prevent segregation and bleeding. These requirements make the use of mineral and chemical admixtures essential for self-compacting concrete. The results of an experimental research carried out to investigate the effect of dosages of superplasticizer. The optimization of aqueous solution of modified carboxylic super plasticizer (SP) cum retarder is a high range water reducing agent (HRWRA). The water content and the dosage of super plasticizer were determined experimentally for each mortar. Different percentages of cement replacement materials were used in binary and ternary blends of cement with Metakaolin (MK), Fly ash (FA) and combination of Metakaolin and Fly ash (MK+FA) replaced with cement. The SCM mixes had 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of replacement of cement with Metakaolin, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of replacement with class F fly ash and combinations of both Metakaolin and fly ash with MK15+FA10), (MK10+FA20), (MK5+FA30), and (MK20+FA20) water/cementitious ratios by weight (w/cm) 0.32 , 0.36and 0.40. Mortar mixes with w/cm 0.36 showed an increase in the rate of flow i.e., lower viscosity at each level of SP cum retarder dosage as compared to that of mixes with w/cm 0.32 and 0.40. A series of mortars were produced
369

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

with similar flow properties of spread measured by mini slump cone adequate to produce self-compacting concrete. It is also observed that the mortar mixes having w/cm 0.36 in order to arrest the bleeding. Practically the mini slump cone test is the best choice for SCM tests to evaluate the mortar spread and its viscosity (T20). Moreover, the experimental program leads to emphasize the effects of the mixing procedure on the rheological properties of cement pastes. Keywords: Metakaolin, Fly ash, Mortar, Mini slump cone, self-compacting mortar, spread test. 1 INTRODUCTION

Studies on mortar were made using binary and ternary blends of powder materials of cement and two mineral additives such as Metakaolin, fly ash. The self compacting concrete was first developed in Japan to improve the reliability and uniformity of concrete in 1988 (Okamura, 1999). However, to design a proper SCC mixture is not a simple task. Various investigations have been carried out in order to obtain rational SCC mix-design methods. The establishment of methods for the quantitative evaluation of the degree of selfcompatibility is the key issue in establishing the mix design system (Noor et al. 1999). Okamura and Ozawa (Okamura, 1999) have proposed a simple mixture proportioning system. In this method, the coarse, fine aggregate contents, w/b and percentage of SP dosage kept constant so that self-compactibility can be achieved. Water/powder or Water/Cementitious ratio is usually accepted between 0.9 and 1.0 in volume, depending on the properties of the powder (Noor et al. 1999, Sedran et al.1999). In Sweden, Petersson and Billberg (1999) & Emborg( 1999) developed an alternative method for mix design including the criterion of blocking, void and paste volume as well as the test results derived from paste rheology studies. Many other investigators have also dealt with the mix-proportioning problems of SCC (Sedran et al.1999, Bui et.al.1999, Roshavelov, 1999). Some design guidelines have been prepared from the acceptable test methods (EFNARC, 2002). Self compacting concrete is also made from the same basic constituents as conventional concrete, but mix proportions for SCC differ from those of ordinary concrete. The Self compacting concrete contains more powder content, less coarse aggregates, high range water reducing superplasticizer (SP) in larger amounts and frequently a viscosity modifying. The described project was concluded and confirms that the fresh properties defined for mortar phase are adequate to produce self-compacting concretes. However, the results presented in this paper represent only the first step of the project concerning the mortar phase of SCC. The use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has grown tremendously since its inception in the 1980s. Different from a conventional concrete, SCC is characterized by its high flow- ability at the fresh state. Among the existing test methods, slump flow test, using the traditional slump cone, is the most common testing method for flow ability (or filling ability). During the test, the final slump flow diameter and T50 (time needed for concrete to reach a spread diameter of 50 cm are recorded). The U-Box and L-Box were used for the evaluation of passing ability. These fresh properties are governed by the rheological properties of the material and some studies have been conducted in the lab to investigate the L-box test. Segregation resistance is another important issue for SCC. Surface settlement test and the penetration test are the two methods to evaluate the resistance to segregation of SCC in the field. The objective of this
370

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

paper is to study a set of test method and performance based specifications for the workability of structural SCC that can be used for casting highly restricted or congested sections. Proven combinations of test methods to assess filling capacity and stability are proposed and should be of interest to engineers and contractors using SCC. The flow properties and the formulation is actually one of the key-issues for the design of self-compacting concretes (SCC). As an integral part of a SCC, self-compacting mortars (SCMs) may serve as a basis for the design of concrete since the measurement of the rheological properties of SCCs is often impractical due to the need for complex equipment. This paper discusses the properties of SCMs with mineral admixtures. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Metakaolin (MK), and fly ash (FA) were used in binary (two-component) and ternary (three-component) cementitious blends. Within the frame work of this experimental study, a total of 15 SCMs were prepared having a different water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.32, 0.36 and 0.40 and total cementitious materials content may be variable according to the mineral additives. Then, the fresh properties of the mortars were tested for mini-slump flow diameter, setting time, and viscosity. Test results have shown that using of FA and MK in the ternary blends improved the fresh properties and rheology of the mixtures when compared to those containing binary blends of FA or MK. 1.1 Tests on fresh mortar Mortar tests are widely used to design and evaluate SCC. In fact, assessing the properties of SCM is an integral part of SCC design . EFNARC 2002 (European Federation of National Trade Associations) is the only available standard which is dedicated to special construction chemicals and concrete systems. It describes various tests involved in mortar tests to determine the optimum w/cm and optimum dosage of SP cum retarder. The mini slump cone test to measure the relative slump of the mortar and mini Vfunnel test to measure the rate of flow or viscosity of the mortar. In the present investigation, mini slump cone is used to measure the spread of the mortar as described in EFNARC 2002.Instead of mini V-funnel test, we have used T20 from the mini slump cone test, as an indication of rate of flow or viscosity of the mortar spread as conducted . As T20 indicates the intended viscosity of mortar during this test, it is concluded that it is the best replacement of mini V-funnel test. Practically, it is very much feasible to have a single test apparatus to measure both spread and viscosity of mortar so that rigorous mortar tests can be reduced. 2.1. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM According to SCC mix design with the available materials. 0%, 5%,10% 15%, 20%,25% and 30% of replacement of cement with Metakaolin, 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% ,and 40% of replaced with class f fly ash and combinations of both Metakaolin and fly ash with MK15+FA10), (MK10+FA20), (MK5+FA30), and(MK20+FA20) water/cementations ratios by weight (w/cm) 0.32 , 0.36 and 0.40. It is observed that for the same cementitious proportions, the optimum dosage of SP cum retarder is the same for the mixes having w/cm 0.32, 0.36 and 0.40.

371

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

2.2. MATERIAL PROPERTIES This section will present the chemical and physical properties of the ingredients. Bureau of Indian Standards (IS) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedures were followed for determining the properties of the ingredients in this investigation. 2.2.1. CEMENT Ordinary Portland Cement 43 grade of Zuari brand was used corresponding to IS8112(1989).The specific gravity of cement is 3.15. 2.2.2. ADDITIVE OR MINERAL ADMIXTURE Metakaolin manufactured from pure raw material to strict quality standards. Metakaolin is a high quality pozzolanic material, which blended with Portland cement in order to improve the strength and durability of concrete and mortars. Metakaolin removes chemically reactive calcium hydroxide from the hardened cement paste. It reduces the porosity of hardened concrete. Metakaolin densified and reduces the thickness of the interfacial zone, thus improving the adhesion between the hardened cement paste and particles of sand or aggregate. Metakaolin procured from 20 Microns company Vadodara, Gujarat, India and Class F fly ash from Rayalaseema Thermal Power Plant (RTPP), Muddanur, A.P, India is used as additives according to ASTM C 618. As per IS-456(2000), cement is replaced by weight of material. The specific gravity of Metakaolin is 2.5 and fly ash is 2.12 2.2.3. CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES Sika Viscocrete-10R3 as high permormance super plasticizer(HPSP)cum retarder.As per the production data and technical data which is supplied by the Sika group. Sika Viscocrete-10R3 is a third generation super plasticizer for concrete and mortar. It meets the requirements for super-plasticizers according SIA162 (1989) and as per EN934-2 . 2.2.4. COARSE AGGREGATE Crushed granite stones of size 16mm and 12.5mm are used as coarse aggregate. As per IS: 2386 (Part III)-1963, the bulk specific gravity in oven dry condition and water absorption of the coarse aggregate are 2.66 and 0.3% respectively. The dry-rodded unit weight (DRUW) of the coarse aggregate with the coarse aggregate blending 60:40 (16mm and 12.5mm) as per IS: 2386 (Part III) 1963 is 1608 kg/m3. 2.2.5. FINE AGGREGATE Natural river sand is used as fine aggregate. As per IS: 2386 (Part III)-1963, the bulk specific gravity in oven dry condition and water absorption of the sand are 2.6 and 1% respectively. 2.2.6.WATER Potable water is used for mixing and curing of the SCC mixes

372

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

Materials used in this investigation as given below

a) Metakaolin

b) Fly ash

c) Ordinary Portland cement

d) Fine Aggregate (Sand)

e) Coarse aggregate (12.5 mm graded)

f) Coarse aggregate (16 mm graded)

373

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

g) Sika viscocrete 10R-3 Super plasticizer cum retarder

2.2.7 Properties of Metakaolin Metakaolin grades of Calcined clays are reactive allumina silicate pozzolanic formed by calcining very pure hydrous China clay. Chemically Metakaolin combines with Calcium Silicate and Calcium processed to remove uncreative impurities producing almost 100 percent reactive material. The particle size of Metakaolin is significantly smaller than cement particles. IS: 456-2000 recommends use of Metakaolin as mineral admixture. Metakaolin is a thermally structure, ultrafine pozzolanic which replace industrial by products such as silica fume / micro silica. Commercial use of Metakaolin has already in several countries worldwide. Metakaolin removes chemically reactive calcium hydraoxide from the hardened cement paste. Metakaolin reduces the porosity of hardened concrete. Metakaolin densities reduces the thickness of the interfacial zone, this improving the adhesion between the hardened cement paste and particles of sand or aggregate. 2.2.8. Optimization of super plasticizer cum retarder Empirical tests, namely spread and flow time, are performed on the 15 cement pastes to characterise their rheological behaviour just after mixing. After careful examination of tests results of SCMs are considered for w/cm or w/b as 0.32, 0.36, 0.40 and dosage of super plasticizer with 0.8%,0.9% and 1.0%. Among these mix proportions it is considered that w/cm 0.36 with 0.90% dosage of super plasticizer as an optimization for all the designed mixes of these investigations. 2.2.9 Chemical Admixtures Sika Viscocrete 10R3 is a third generation Super Plasticizer cum retarder is used. The properties of the chemical admixtures as obtained from the manufacturer are presented in the Table 14. Properties of Chemical Admixtures Confirming to EN 934-2 Table11.1/11.2 and SIA162 (1989)

374

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

2.2.10 Uses, properties and application of Sika Viscocrete- 10R3 Sika viscocrete -10R3 is third generation super plasticizer cum retarder for concrete and mortar The following uses /characteristics of the Super Plasticizer cum retarder as per the technical data supplied by the Sika group of chemical company. Sika viscocrete -10R3 acts by different mechanisms. Through surface adsorption and sterical separation effect on the cement particles, in parallel to the hydration process the following properties obtained 1. Strong self compacting behaviour, therefore suitable for the production of self compacting concrete(S.C.C) 2. Extremely high water reduction (resulting in high density and strengths) 3. Concrete with highest water reduction (up to 30 - 35%) 4. High water reduction, excellent flowability, coupled with high early strengths, have a positive influence on the above mentioned applications 5. High strength concrete with slump retention 6. Excellent flowability (resulting in highly reduced placing and compacting efforts) 7. Precast concrete (Segment, Girders, High strength concrete elements etc.) Self compacting concrete 8. Improved shrinkage and creep behaviour 9. Reduced rate of carbonation of the concrete 10 It does not contain chloride or other steel corrosion promoting ingredients. It may therefore be used without any restrictions for reinforced- and pre-stressed concrete construction.

Fig.2.2.a. Viscosity Vs Yield Stress

Fig.2.2.b. Flow Diagram for SCC

375

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

Chemical Admixture

Specific Gravity

Appearance/ Colour

Ph

Quantity Solid Relative (%)By Density Content cementitious (%) weight

Chemical Base

Sika Visocrete- 10R3 HighPerformance Super-Plasticiser cum retarder(HRWRA)

1.10

Light brown liquid

Above 6

1.09 kg/lit (at+30c)

40

0.6 - 2

Aqueous solution of Modified Poly carboxylate

Table.1

3. SCC MIX DESIGN Several methods exist for the mix design of SCC. The general purpose mix design method was first developed by Okamura and Ozawa (1995). In this study, the key proportions for the mixes are done by volume. The detailed steps for mix design are described as follows: 1. Assume air content as 2% (20 litres) of concrete volume. 2. Determine the dry-rodded unit weight (DRUW) of coarse aggregate for a given coarse aggregate blending. 3. Using DRUW, calculate the coarse aggregate content by volume (28 35%) of mix volume. 4. Adopt fine aggregate volume of 40 to 50% of the mortar volume. 5. Maintain paste volume of 388 litres /m3 of the concrete volume. 6. Keep water/cementations ratio by weight (w/cm) as 0.36. 7. Calculate the binder (cementations material) content by weight. 8 . Replace cement with Metakaolin, fly ash and combinations of both by weight of cementations material. 9. Optimize the dosages of super plasticizer (SP) and viscosity modifying agent for the given w/cm (0.36) using mortar tests by mini slump cone test. 10. Perform SCC tests

376

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

SCC-Mini slump cone-Mortar spread

Fig.3.1 Mini slump cone

Fig.3.2

Fig.3.3

Fig.3.4

Fig.3.5
377

Fig.3.6

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

Sl. N o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 5

Designation of Mix

SCC (Controlled Mix) MK5 MK10 MK15 MK20 MK25 MK30 FA10 FA20 FA30 FA40 MK15+FA10 MK10+FA20 MK5+FA30 MK20+FA20

Dosage of MK/FA/ MK+FA (% by wt.) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 25 30 35 40

W/cm (or) W/b Ratio

%of SP=0.8 Slump T20 (mm) (sec.) 225 219 218 217 204 198 196 230 238 254 250 228 232 234 230 3.6 3.7 3.9 4 4.6 4.9 5.3 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.4

%of SP=0.9 Slump T20 (mm) (sec.) 230 226 225 222 220 212 206 234 242 260 255 232 236 238 235 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.5 4.8 5.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 4.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 5.2

%of SP=1.0 Slump T20 (mm) (sec.) 235 227 226 225 221 214 209 238 256 272 265 236 239 248 238 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 4.9 3.5 3.3 3 3.7 3.2 3.15 3.1 5.5

0.32

Table.2

Sl. No

Designation of Mix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 13 12 15

SCC (Controlled Mix) MK5 MK10 MK15 MK20 MK25 MK30 FA10 FA20 FA30 FA40 MK15+FA10 MK10+FA20 MK5+FA30 MK20+FA20

Dosage of W/cm MK/FA/ (or) W/b MK+FA (% by wt.) Ratio 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 25 30 35 40

%of SP=0.8 Slump T20 (sec.) (mm) 243 226 227 225 223 216 214 246 266 284 272 245 248 254 244 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.7 3.3 3.2 3.15 3.6 3.1 3 3 5.2

%of SP=0.9 Slump T20 (mm) (sec.) 256 248 242 238 234 228 222 262 268 292 286 258 264 268 258 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.7 4.2 5 3.1 3.15 3.1 3.4 3 3 3 5

%of SP=1.0 Slump T20 (mm) (sec.) 256 245 240 236 232 229 220 260 265 290 280 255 260 266 258 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.2 5.2 3.2 3.6 3.8 4.4 3.95 3.5 3.5 5.1

0.36

378

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

Table.3
Sl. No Designation of Mix Dosage of MK/FA/ MK+FA (% by Wt.) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 25 30 35 40 W/cm (or) W/b Ratio %of SP=0.8 Slum T20 p (sec. (mm ) ) 254 3.6 245 242 236 232 220 218 256 266 287 285 252 258 264 256 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.6 5.4 3.5 3.8 4.3 4.2 3.6 3.9 4.2 5.2 %of SP=0.9 Slum T20 p (sec. (mm ) ) 254 3.9 244 242 235 233 220 218 264 265 286 290 262 258 262 259 4.2 4.8 5.3 4.7 4.7 5.4 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.5 4.2 4.4 4.6 6.3 %of SP=1.0 Slump T20 (mm) (sec. ) 252 244 241 234 230 219 220 262 263 282 290 268 257 262 256 4.2 4.4 4.9 5.4 5.3 5.8 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.6 6 4.6 4.9 4.6 6.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 13 12 15

SCC (Controlled Mix) MK5 MK10 MK15 MK20 MK25 MK30 FA10 FA20 FA30 FA40 MK15+FA10 MK10+FA20 MK5+FA30 MK20+FA20

0.40

Table.4 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Effect of SP cum retarder and T20 The influence of Metakaolin used as partial replacement of cement on behavior of cement based suspenserheological properties of fresh mix and strength characteristics of cement . Knowledge found by research of modified cement paste imply behavior of fresh and hardened concrete. On the basis of experimental investigations it can be concluded that the influence of SP cum retarder on mortar spread and T20 (viscosity) is shown in Table1,2 and3. It is observed that as the SP cum retarder dosage increases, the spread of mortar increases and T20 decreases. Spread reaches the maximum value and T20 reduces to the minimum at a specific SP dosage. This point is referred as saturation point. Beyond this saturation point, adding SP cum retarder causes decrease in mortar spread and increase in T20. Adding even more SP leads to segregation of mortar. So, it is practically seen that before reaching the saturation point, the addition of SP increases the spread and decreases T20. After the saturation point, the addition of SP leads to decrease in the spread and increase in T20. For the mix, maximum spread was arrived at 0.9% SP dosage w i t h W / c m r a t i o 0 . 3 6 as shown in Table .2. So, it is the optimum dosage of SP for the entire experimental investigations for the 15 types mixes. Higher amount of superplasticizer increases workability of fresh mix. The Metakaolin dosage increases the corresponding workability will be reduced up to 20% beyond this it is observed that the spread will abruptly changes. Dosage of 20% of Metakaolin causes decrease of workability of suspension in time. Increasing amount of percentual proportion o f metakaolin i n
379

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

c o n c r e t e mix seems to require higher dosage of superplasticizer to ensure longer period of workability. Addition of metakaolin increases also final strength of cement. Compressive strength was growing with higher dosage o f a d d i t i v e . Since the amount of 20% metakaolin results in loss of viscosity in time, it seems appropriate to use dosage of 15% by volume of cement. Spread measurement (mini cone) is carried out by using a mini cone (diameters: 100mm and 70mm, height: 60 mm). The truncated cone mould is placed and filled with paste and lifted. The resulting final diameter of the fresh paste sample is the mean value of two measurements made in two perpendicular directions (Fig. 3.1-3.6). In case of Fly ash dosage increases the corresponding spread flow is also increases up to FA30% beyond this dosage it is observerd the bleeding will takes place and spread is also changes. So, that the dosage of Fly ash may be recommended up to 30%. In the other hand the combination of MK and FA have been considered the mixes such as MK dosages can be considered 15% . Addition of Metakaolin decreases workability of SCM . This disadvantage can be reduced by superplasticizers. However, rheological properties of fresh concrete mix depend on the type of superplasticizer. In this experimental study aquous solution of modified polycarboxylate based a third generation high range water reducer superplasticizer cum retarder has better influence on workability than polynaphthalene/melamine sulfonates. Worse workability of concrete mix caused by metakaolin can also be adjusted by addition of fly ash.Content of metakaolin decreases permeability and rate of penetration of damaging ions because of refinement of structure of pores of cement stone. Increases and decreases the FA dosages are decreased manner due the synergic effect because of the both the dosages increases the replacement levels will be increased as a result the powder content will be increased and it will be adverse effect on the fresh properties . Hence it is concluded that the spread properties of SCMs, MK15+FA10, MK10+FA20 and MK5+FA30 can be considered for hardened properties. 4.2 Consistence retention As it can be seen from Tables 1, 2 and 3, all these three mixes attained good consistence retention in the spread and T20 after adding water. So, it can be stated that the used chemical admixtures had good compatibility with the cement and mineral admixture. Metakaolin is white, amorphous, highly reactive aluminium silicate pozzolan forming stabile hydrates after mixing with lime stone in water and providing mortar with hydraulic properties. Heating up of clay with kaolinite Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O as the basic mineral component to the temperature of 500 C - 600 C causes loss of structural water with the result of deformation of crystalline structure of kaolinite and formation of an unhydrated reactive form so called metakaolinite. 4.3. Action of Metakaolin in Mortar Metakaolin is usually added in this investigation for optimization dosage to mortar in amount of 5 30% by weight of cement. Addition of metakaolin causes increase of mechanical strength, enhancement of long- term strengths, decrease of permeability, porosity, reduction of efflorescence, increase of resisoluble chemicals like sulphates, chlorides and acids.Addition of Metakaolin decreases workability of SCM .

380

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

This disadvantage can be reduced by superplasticizers. However, rheological properties of fresh concrete mix depend on the type of super plasticizer. Worse workability of concrete mix caused by metakaolin can also be adjusted by addition of fly ash. Dosage of Metakaolin decreases permeability and rate of penetration of damaging ions because of refinement of structure of pores of cement stone. Addition of Metakaolin as partial replacement of cement contributes to higher compactness of arrangement of concrete components, which increases flow ability of mastic cement, enhances mechanical bond and improves adhesion between cement paste and aggregate. 4.4. Action of Fly ash in mortar Dosage of Fly ash increases the workability is also increases due the synergic effect because of the both the dosages increases the replacement levels will be increased as a result the powder content will be increased up to 30% beyond this it will be adverse effect on fresh properties as per table .2 and. Hence it is concluded that the spread properties of SCM can be considered up to FA30% for hardened properties. 5. CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions can be drawn based on the results of this experimental investigation for the mortar mixtures and procedures used: 1. Incorporation of MK as partial replacement of cement in to OPC pastes causes substantiates changes in the chemical composition of the pore solution phase of the hydrated material. There are 15 types of mix designs has been attempted on Self Compacting Mortars such as Controlled SCC (0% replacement of OPC) as a Controlled mix , MK -5%,MK10%,MK-15%, MK-20%, MK-25% and MK-30%, FA-10% ,FA20%, FA30%, FA40% and combination with MK15%+FA10% , MK10%+FA20%, MK5%+FA30% and MK20%+FA20% are performed . Based on the test results according to the EFNARC 2002 guidelines and its specifications can be taken up for the further studies of fresh properties, hardened properties and durability studies. When Metakaolin which has a lower loss on ignition value compared to OPC so , it is used as partially replacement of OPC, It resistance to water permeability is substantially improved. This is due to the fact that MK is finer than OPC and producing of an additional calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, blocking existing pores and altering pore structures. Metakaolin helps in enhancing the early age mechanical properties as well as long-term properties of cement paste/mortar/concrete. Partial replacement of cement with MK reduces the water penetration into concrete by capillary action. When increases the fly ash replacements increases its spread. It increases up to 30% beyond this it will be adverse effect on spread flow. The increase is primarily due to the high surface area of the fly-ash. Fresh concrete containing fly-ash is more cohesive and less prone to segregation. As the fly-ash content increased, the mortar may appear to become sticky.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

381

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Concrete containing fly-ash normally does not segregate appreciably because of the fineness of the fly-ash and the use of HRWRA.Concrete containing fly-ash shows significantly reduced bleeding. This effect is primarily by the high surface area of the fly-ash to be wetted, there is very little water left in the mixture for bleeding. The colors of the fresh and hardened concretes containing fly-ash are generally darker than the conventional concrete. Statistical experimental design can be used to systematically investigate the selected range of combination of ingredients for the desired characteristics. The combination of MK and FA can be fixed based on the synergic effect of mineral additives such as MK content, it seems appropriate to use dosage of 15% by volume of cement and decreases and FA content is increasing manner due to as per IS specifications should not exceed 35 % of powder and also as per the EFNARC guidelines for mortar tests .So, that the mixes has been taken up to( MK15+FA10 , MK10+FA20,MK5+FA30 and MK20+FA20). As per the experimental investigations it is concluded that the flow properties , viscosity and the optimization of super plasticizer dosage as 0.9% with w/cm ratio as 0.36 for all the mixes. As the results obtained in table .2 the mixes have been considered the Mix designs are MK5 to MK 30% , FA 10 to FA40% and Combinations of ( MK15+FA10 , MK10+FA20,MK5+FA30 and MK20+FA20) with Controlled SCC (0% of OPC) mix for further studies such as fresh properties hardened properties and durability studies.MK20+FA20 may be economic but it decreses the flow spread flow. There is a good synergic effect between MK and FA on the mechanical and transport properties of SCC . According to the results obtained controlled concrete shows higher slump flow and other mixes are continuously decreases its slump spread in mm due to effect of additive of Metakaolin. In other hand initial time taken for spread in dia . It is observed that when the spread decreases time will be increases based on the mineral additive.

REFERENCES [1]. [2]. Kasemchaisiri R, Tangermsirikul S. Deformability prediction model for self- compacting concrete. Magazine of Concrete Research, No. 60, 2(2008) 93108. RILEM TC 174 SCC. Self compacting concrete State-of-the-art report of RILEM technical committe 174-SCC. Skarendahl A, Petersson O.: editors, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., France, 2000. Sonebi M, Bartos PJM. Self compacting concrete: Task 4- Properties of Hhardened Concrete, 2000. DOMONE, P., Mix Design, in Self-Compacting Concrete: State-of-the- Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 174- SCC, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., ISBN: 2-912143-23-3, 2000, p. 49-65. Newman J, Choo BS. Advanced Concrete Technology Concrete Properties. Elsevier

[3]. [4]

[5]

382

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[11]

[12] [13]. [14]. [15]. [16]. [17].

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

Jin J, Domone PLJ. Relationships between the fresh properties of SCC and its mortar component. The 1st North American Conference on the Design and Use of Self- Consolidating Concrete. Skarendahl A, Editor, Chicago, USA, 2002, pp. 3338.Butterworth Heinemann, 2003. NAWA, T. ; IZUMI, T. ; EDAMATSU, Y., State-of-the-art Report on Materials and Design of Self-Compacting Concrete, in International Workshop on SelfCompacting Concrete, Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Japan, August, 1998, p. 160190. OKAMURA, H.; OZAWA, K.; OUCHI, M., Self-Compacting Concrete, in Structural Concrete: Journal of the fib, vol.1, No. 1, Thomas Telford Ltd, March 2000, p. 3-17. OUCHI, M.; HIBINO, M.; OZAWA, K.; OKAMURA, H., A Rational Mix-Design Method for Mortar in Self- Compacting Concrete, in Proceedings of the Sixth East-Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction, Taipei, Taiwan, 1998, p. 1307-1312 SEDRAN, T.; LARRARD, F., Optimization of Self-Compacting Concrete Thanks to Packing Model, in Proc. of the 1st Intern. RILEM Symposium on SCC, Sweden, ISBN: 2-912143-09-8, Sept. 1999, p. 321-332. Khayat KH. Viscosity-enhancing admixtures for cement-based materials An overview. Cement and Concrete Composites, No. 20, 2-3(1998) 17188. Bureau of Indian Standards. Plain and reinforced concrete code for practice, IS456, 2000, New Delhi, India. Bureau of Indian Standards. Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources forconcrete, IS-383, 1970, New Delhi, India. Okamura H, Maekawa K, Ozawa K. High Performance Concrete. Giho-do Press, Tokyo, 1993. Nepomuceno M, Oliveira L. Parameters for self-compacting concrete mortar phase. High Concrete Structures and Materials, SP253-21(2008) 32340. Hanehara S, Yamada K. Interaction between cement and chemical admixture from the point of cement hydration, absorption behaviour of admixture, and paste rheology. Cement and Concrete Research, No. 29, 8(1999) 115965. PETERSSON, O.; BILLBERG, P., Investigation on Blocking of SelfCompacting Concrete with Different Maximum Aggregate Size and Use of Viscosity Agent Instead of Filler, in Proceedings of the 1st International RILEM Symposium on SCC, Sweden, Sept. 1999, p. 333-344. PETERSSON, O.; BILLBERG, P; BUI, V. K., A Model for Self- Compacting Concrete, in Proc. of RILEM Intern. Conf. on Production Methods and Workability of Fresh Concrete, Paisley, June 1996, Ed. Bartos PJM, Marrs DL, and Cleland DJ, E&FN Spon; London, p 484-492. Pedersen B, Smelpass S. The relationship between the rheological properties of SCC and the corresponding matrix phase. Wallevik OH, Nielsson I, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., Bagneux, France, 2003, pp. 106121. TANGTERMSIRIKUL, S.; BUI, V. K., Blocking Criteria for Aggregate Phase of Self-Compacting High Performance Concrete, in Proceedings of Regional Symposium on Infrastructure Development in Civil Thailand Engineering, December, 1995, Bangkok, p. 58-69.
383

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), IAEME

[22]

[23] [24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

BUI, V. K.; MONTGOMERY, D., Mixture Proportioning Method for SelfCompacting High Performance Concrete with Minimum Paste Volume, in Proceedings of the 1st International RILEM Symposium on SCC, Sweden, ISBN: 2912143-09-8, Sept. 1999, p. 373-384. NEPOMUCENO, Miguel, Methodology for self-compacting concrete mixdesign, in PhD thesis, Covilh, UBI, Portugal, March, 2006. DOMONE, P.L.J.; JIN, J.z Properties of Mortar for Self-compacting Concrete, in Proceedings of the 1st International RILEM Symposium on SCC, Sweden, ISBN: 2-912143-09-8, Sept. 1999, p. 109-120 P.A. Ganeshwaran, Suji and S. Deepashri, Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Manufactured Sand And Fly Ash, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 60 - 69, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316. P.S.Joanna, Jessy Rooby, Angeline Prabhavathy, R.Preetha and C.Sivathanu Pillai, Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams with 50 Percentage Fly Ash, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 36 - 48, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316. Aravindkumar.B.Harwalkar and Dr.S.S.Awanti, Fatigue Behavior of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Under Constant Amplitude and Compound Loading, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 404 - 414, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316.

384