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Griffith, Francis Llewellyn The inscriptions of siut and Der Rif eh

i ;

m
PJ 1515 G7 1889

THE INSCRIPTIONS
OF

SItfT

AND DEE BIFEH.

&

COLLECTED BY 'V^

FfLT*GRIFFITH,
OF THE BEITISH MUSEUM, LATB STUDENT OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND.

500539
u

LONDON
TRUBNER AND
CO.,
1889.

LUDGATE

HILL.

HARRISON AND SONS,

PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY,
ST.

MARTIN'S LANE, LONDON.

TO

THE TWO

FRIENDS,
ENABLED

WHOSE GENEROSITY
TO ENJOY

ME

THE

PRIVILEGES

OF

STUDENT

OP

THE

EGYPT

EXPLORATION
I

FUND,

DEDICATE

THIS

VOLUME OF INSCRIPTIONS.

If a small portion of the sums of money

that, in

the

name

of scientific research, have been spent in Egypt on

to

treasure-hunting for antiquities, on uncovering monuments

and exposing them

destruction,

on unwatched
if a small
copies

excavations from which the limestone sculptures have gone straight to the kiln or the village stone-mason

portion of

this

had been

utilised in securing systematically throughout the country accurate

and exhaustive

of

the inscriptions above

to

ground and

in danger, the most important part of all the evidence of her past that
intact, instead

Egypt has

handed down

our day would have been gathered

of mutilated beyond recovery.

If

the

remainder of those sums had been devoted

the present century

to

watching, and talcing proper measures to preserve, the

all other periods to the maledictions
to these records, that to

monuments of Egypt,

would not have been destined above

of

posterity on account of the searching

so

and unrelenting damage of every kind done

had weathered

many

centuries with hardly

an injury, and that should have delighted mankind for so many ages
is

come.

Each year a

vast

amount of damage

done, but there

evil,

is still

much

that can be saved.

to

The resources of

Egyptology are considerable for good as well as for

and

there are

perhaps signs

encourage those who cannot

but take a gloomy view of the present state of things.

Meanwhile

my

heartiest wish is that the present publication

along with a hundred others equally imperfect will soon be superseded.

INTRODUCTION.

Considering their accessibility and importance, the tomb inscriptions of Siut have been strangely
neglected, and I have every reason to believe that the present publication will supply a

much
;

felt

want.

My

endeavour has been,

in the first place, to obtain accuracy in the readings

and completeness

secondly,

to give a faithful transcript .of

restoration.

my own

copy;

thirdly, to

add to

it

materials for future correction and

I

The task has

entailed

more labour than may be

realised

by the reader, who

hope

will

none

the less pardon the rudeness of

my

drawings.

The
gave

discovery of a mass of fresh material since the Plates were drawn, and consequent delays which
further opportunities for revision, have resulted in burdening the texts with

me

more notes than are

convenient.

But

until a fresh

comparison with the original can be undertaken,

I shall refuse to alter

I

my

own

copies or to omit annotations that

may

still

lead to the true reading

and

believe that no Egypto-

logist will quarrel

with this decision.

Gladly would I have placed at the head of

this little

memoir the names of the two

here repeat
start

friends to

whom
to

owe

so

much, but that privilege was refused me.

Let

me however
I

my

thanks, in the one case

to a connoisseur of art

who, exercising a wise philanthropy, has given a

a dear relative to

and encouragement

many

enterprises

in the other case to

whom

am bound by

acts of particular kindness.

must
:

also

thank those who have assisted

me

in matters

more closely connected with the present work,

namely

in England, the

Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund, and especially Miss Amelia B. Edwards,
;

Mr. R. S. Poole, and Mr. Grueber

in Egypt, Mr. Petrie,

also Mr.
d'

Le Page Renouf,

Professor Hayter Lewis, and the Rev.

:

W. J. Loftie
draw

Count Riamo

Hulst, Dr. Grant-Bey, and M. Ed. Naville

whilst I must

special

attention to the fact that Professor Maspero of Paris

and Professor Erman of Berlin have not only con-

tributed directly to the contents of the Plates, but have also subjected those

numbered from

I to

XIX

to

a close revision.

Their cordial interest in the work has,

need hardly say, been the greatest possible

encouragement to me.

SIUT.
In two
visits,

-without ladders,

native ladders,

December 31, 1886 January 1, 1887, and May 21-29, 1887, with clumsy I copied and revised the inscriptions
Siut,

ladders borrowed from Mr. Petrie enabled

me

to

closely examine the lofty walls, and catch the merest shadows of signs by holding a candle at every pos-

from Der Rifeh to

I

with the exception of Tombs

[t is clear that the II at the latter place, Siut hill was once rich in memorials of the Middle

and

For the sake of clearness, all the effaced were in red ink amongst the black ink inserted signs of my fair copy. One more such revision after a
sible angle.

Kingdom, but
five

could discover inscriptions in only

tombs, the same that have long been Two of these, I and to Egyptian travellers.

known II, may

be attributed to the Xllth dynasty, the other three to the IXth or Xth. In England I added to these copies
all

thorough study of the texts should complete the recovery of the inscriptions. Unfortunately my hieroglyphic vocabulary was then exceedingly limited, and even such a common word as was a total

stranger to

me

had therefore

to

the texts published

all

Mariette,

by Lepsius, Brugsch (Recueil), De Rouge, Maspero, and Erman, together

;

entirely on eyesight

for the restorations,

depend almost which how-

with

Description 1'Egypte moreover, Mr. Renouf lent me some good copies that I also obtained permission from the lie had made.

numerous

their variations or suggestions, besides taking " de notes from the "

ever are in general fully confirmed. Since my return from Egypt I have collected s^mo

new
lost

material. In Paris indeed (where I unhappily a note-book containing two inscriptions) the MSS. of Nestor de 1'Hote furnished scarcely any

Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund to be absent for a fortnight from the excavations of the
following season. In 1888, from the 16th January to the 5th February,

material for this memoir.

fessor

was engaged at Siut, and having already much exceeded the time agreed upon, was quite unable to
I

proceed to Rifeh.

The Committee of the Exploration Fund was however well satisfied with what had been

Berlin, however, ProErman, most kindly forwarded for my use his collation of the MS. copies of Brugsch and Diimichen, supplying several signs and groups that have become Above all, in London, last illegible on the original. October, after the Plates had been drawn, I had the good fortune to find some copies by Aruudale (1834?) in the Hay MSS. of the British Museum. Made evi-

From

done, and furthermore, contrary to my expectation, paid all the expenses of travelling and stay at Siut.

dently with the help of a good ladder, they might long ago have solved many difficulties. Lastly, since

When

preparing

my note-books in

England, in the

commencing to work
inscriptions, I

case of important assigned four vertical or horizontal lines to each line of the original, and so
inscriptions I

had plenty of space

for annotation.

But the abun-

dance of false readings and other circumstances made it necessary, after the first collation with the original, to make a fair copy, into which were introduced many improvements resulting from subsequent collaI was anxious to obtain the original reading tions. of obscure and mutilated passages, which unfortunately abound, and this was only to be done by long-continued and repeated examination of the Some long and handy parallel texts in the tombs.

seriously on the philology of the have found many passages quoted in but very few of these are Brugsch's dictionary accurate, though Herr Brugsch's copy is, I think, the most careful of any that I have yet seen, except perhaps Arundale's, which still abounds in little faults. The truth is that high ladders, with an infinite expenditure of time, trouble, and patience, and candles in corresponding quantity, are necessary
:

for

making good The Plates of

the

For

transcripts in such places. Siut are drawn from the fair copy. revision of 1 XIX I was exceedingly

fortunate in obtaining help from

MM. Maspero and

great scholars appear upon the Plates, while the queries of Professor Erman have besides unearthed several faults that I had committed in recopyiug, and that I was able quietly to correct
in the notes

Erman.

Many

of the emendations of these

South wall,

PI. I

and

II,

bands of equal height,

the upper scene comprising 4. (l)-(4) at west end H. seated

titles,
1.

above him
68Z>,

20-25, Mariette, Mon. Div.

;

MSS.

genuineness of the text. Where I found clear corroboration of a queried sign in Arundale's copies, or a proof of some kind in my
without
impairing
the

Brugsch and Diimichen in front, table of (1) (2) names of offerings in offerings, 1. 65 two rows, 1. 26-64 (3) priests performing
: :

services,
offerings,
(5) family

1.

6(5-71

(4) priests, etc.,

bringing

own, the word sic is inserted on the Plate; where I still feel a doubt the suggestion has been placed
in a note.
I

1.

72-73.
sons,

headed by two

(to the defaced figure

74-76, offering or statue on back

1.

am

lines.

not quite satisfied with the numbering of the To combine logic with convenience is not
I

wall).

North
reversed.

wall, PI. II

and

III,

similar to south but

have simply followed the numbers in my easy, note-book, proceeding in each tomb from the interior

and

to the facade. All signs not in existence in January, 1887, are Where no authority is treated as restorations.

(l)-(4) H. before table

1.

85-133

(1.

80-85

= Mariette,

-*, receiving offerings,

Mon.

Div.,

68a,

MS. Diimichen).
1.

stated for a restored sign it is conjectural. For the meaning of abbreviations etc., vide Plate XX.

(5) family offering,

134 (continued

1.

5-12 on

In the following notes I use the word band in the sense of the French registre when describing scenes and in connection superposed on the same wall
;

the back wall). East wall (and entrance)

now

blasted away, PI.

II,

scenes

1-8,

with doorways, the word framing denotes the lintel and jambs (which of course are cut in the solid rock), and thickness of wall is the part in which sculptures are seen to right and left in passing
through the door.

IV, PI. 45. the spaces between the doorway and the side walls. Probably there were five bands, as on the side walls, but perhaps only four : no space over the doorway ?.

destroyed, are from Descr. Ant. In the text they are said to have filled

now

XIlTH

DYNASTY.
is

have assigned the eight scenes in the Description to the north and south according to direction of A portion of scene 4 remains at the top of figures. the wall on the north.
I

Tombs I and II. The first

carried out.

elaborate

the scheme

of the second seems not to have been completely

Walls of chamber surrounding shrine and passage formerly with paint on plaster?

TOMB
(See, PI.

I.

I-X, and Plan, PI.

III.)

The
floor,

sculptures are raised about 6 feet above the

t

on plaster with basket and scroll-work, cornice painted CDtm and H line of titles (blue) down blue on greenish-black the centre from south to north, defaced.
Ceiling

GREAT HALL.

painted

over a plain band or dado. SHRINE. Sculpture only, no painting. Back (west) wall two bands
(1) upper, (2) a.
1.

West
green
1.

wall, traces of painted scenes at south end.

At top

Central doorway, inscriptions incised and painted destroyed except 1. 150-155, which are very
;

1-4,

MS. Diimichen.

much damaged;

1.

1 5 5a insert

_J^ (copy): at end of

South half defaced, probably similar to north, or else statue in the round ?

154 I have omitted

^i (restored).

b.

North

half,

H. seated m>,

in front 3 female

relations standing holding lotus flowei'S

-,
also (3)

1.

5-12,

MSS. Brugsch and

Diimi-

chen (continued smaller in 5th band, north wall);

South doorway, inscription incised and painted green, framing 1. 160-163 thickness of wall on south, 1. 170-174, copy lost, from MS. Diimichen, corrected by notes and recollection. Top of 1. 173 very doubtful, the rest almost certain. Thickness of wall north,
;

illegible.

below the 6

feet level, a, centre defaced lower

,

part of statue ? b, on south a false door, 1. 13-15, much defaced.

North doorway incised only, framing South wall, defaced or blank.

North
wall, traces of painted scenes.

1.

180-185.

10

East wall, south side of door, PL IV- V, scene painted in colours on plaster, inscription incised and
painted,
1.

having fallen off) is the only example with wig, beard, and divided skirt.

in the

tomb

210-249.

portion of the wall palimpsest,

right
still

the early text from

left to

much damaged and reading

inscription uncertain in some

t:

Thickness of wall, north, 1. 337-342. lost, and I have found no others.

My

copy

Arundale's complete copy shows the wall places. in almost the same state as now. I have improved of the from it h e indicates the unmy copy figure
:

Framing
condition.
1'Hote.

1.

345-359. The upper lines are in bad MSS. Brugsch, Diimichen, Nestor de

broken corner of the wall on the thus there are no lines missing.
the figure explains

left

of the scene, His drawing of

it

346a. Inserted only to Sola.

Cf.
1.

show the width

of the gap.

340.

had been marked

210, 211 v.

my finding that the outline of with a lead pencil.

:

ENTRANCE PASSAGE.

Roof arched with

star pattern

PL XXI.
in

painted blue on yellow? or dark green? CDCD of various colours.

Cornice

223. Not
omitted.
241a.
yiit
I.

Arundale

it

should therefore be

matu-f E.
ab E. but Arundale as text.

Traces of scenes painted on plaster inscription, 1. 370-3 probably others preceded them. Originally each line of same length as those on north side.
side.
;

South

at outer

end remains of incised

mh

North side of door, PL VI- VIII, incised and painted green. MSS. Arundale, Brugsch and Diimichen (MS. Mariette partly collated by Prof. Maspero without
result).
test, I

North side. Incised inscription. 1. 380-418, PL IX-X, on a palimpsest wall much altered and corrected by the mason, and damaged by incrustato find other tions, etc. versions I did not Hoping
;

After subjecting the copy to every possible have detected two errors, 1. '209a and 324a.

Perhaps also 1. 295 sic ? .Q, B? where the sign seems to have been imperfect. Some parts of the text are indistinct, very especially at the base, and a portion
is

it being the most difficult of all to M. copy. Maspero quotes parallel pyramid texts, 1. 388-404 = Unas 269-294 (Rec. de trav., Ill, p. 214 and 148-166 ff.), Horhotep, (Mem. Miss. Arch. Franc. Caire, II, p. 144 ff.).

revise minutely,

palimpsest.

TOMB

II.

262-4
270a.

v.

PL

XXL
is

The

restoration

almost certain.
(copy).

Single chamber, formerly with pillars and sculptured entrance, now destroyed. PL X and XX.

273a, 282a, insert

0=0

West

wall,

291a. ci perhaps from the palimpsest.

317a. or

inscriptions

On

lintel
1.

two real doorways with traces of (but no excavated passage beyond). of southern doorway inscription painted

green,

1-2.

320. Top, Maspero, Trans. Soc. Bibl. Arch., restores

East wall, traces of inscription. Entrance. Thickness of wall, south,

1.

3-10 from from

etc.

325. In

my own
1.

suggested by on the wall.

copy only: the restoration was 313, and confirmed by the faint traces
12a,

Mariette, etc.
north,!. 11-18

Rouge,

13.

have mis-copied Rouge, who reads

ENTRANCE.

Incised, not painted.

1.

Thickness of wall on south,

lost.

330-336.

My

copy

Copy

in

with that in

PL IX worthless except for comparison PL XX. The lower half of 1. 330-1 is

destroyed. Arundale has two copies, (1) fol. 18 without ladder, (2) fol. 68 evidently with ladder, and excellent; the inscription is thus complete except ex-

Framing, 19-22, PL X and XX, from de 1'Hote, Arundale; photograph Petrie. in the photograph are dotted, but all
obscure

MSS. Nestor The portions is somewhat

curiously

and

uncertain.

Hieroglyphs

crowded.

treme base of 1. 330-1. The copy seems to be exact The excepting two or three very slight errors.
figure of
II.

on south side of doorway,

north

I.

23, visible

on

(alterations seen

owing

to the plaster

photograph. ruined anciently.

11

HERACLEOPOLITE.
Tombs
III,

(Dyn. IX-X.)

TOMB

IV.

IV, V from south to north on one Large single terrace, divided only by party walls. chambers, divided transversely by pillars and architrave.

On

a pillar remains of inscription, vide PI. XIV.

wall, east of pillars, scene of soldiers with two rows, unfinished (perhaps for the

South

large shields, in

Facades now destroyed.

same reason as the

inscription III, 16-40).

pillars, inscription incised

TOMB

III.

North wall, east of

and

left, except on north wall, of painted plaster, and traces architrave viz., west of

No

traces of decoration

painted blue, 1. 1-40, PI. XIII and for the destroyed portion, Description

XX

authorities

and Arundale.

East of
1.

pillars,

1.

1,

incised and painted

1-56, PI. XI-XII, as follows blue, heading the inscription

:

In Description, by confusion of 1. 3 with 1. 22, the former has been repeated, and the first two lines
misplaced.
L.

Their true position

inscription
its

is

almost certain.
a
cornice,

(it

also remained as the heading after the substitution

1.

2-40 one inscription in two sections, of which 1. 2-15 were incised and were not painted blue, but 1. 16-40 being offensive half incised, half remained latter These completed. sketched, and plaster was laid over them. On the of Tefaba, and behind plaster was painted a figure him a new inscription, 1. 41-5(5. This plaster fell off
of

41-44,

beneath
is

from

41-56 for

1.

16-40),

1.

Description, but

provenance

quite uncertain.
(PI.

Thickness of wall and framing of entrance

XIV, 1. 45-87), the latter identified by name in 1. 76, and the former, 1. 45-60, corresponds in size, etc., to the framing, and is associated with it in tho
Description.

from the upper part in ancient times, and the wall was again covered with whitewash by Copts?. I cleaned the earlier inscription with great care.
16-40; the signs in the upper portions are incised, but roughly and not finished some have not yet been
is
1.
;

TOMB
Back
incised

V.

wall, large false door in the centre, inscription

1.

There

no trace of the lower halves of

and painted green, and Diimicheu). Damaged

South wall,
architrave)
;

1-24 (MSS. Brugsch

since

my

visit in 1887.

begun but are traceable 1. 156. Insert WWA.

16
Not., II, p. 145

in the sketching.

in the inner half (i.e., behind destroyed fragment of long inscription incised, less than half of the height remains. There 1. 25-40 were at least 24 lines.

should probably be a female

cf.

Champollion,

Thickness
Description.

of wall at

entrance,
is
**"~==

1.

= L.D.,

41-48,

PI. 130.

The name

(1(1

and there n
12b, G. 1887
in R.

is

from no

Inscriptions in thickness of wall

and framing of

other

tomb

to

which these can be assigned.

; ;

entrance,

1.

57-71.

1'Egypte," identified

From the "Description de by the name ^_\.

Add

notes 12a, G. 1887, etc.

;

146,

old copies, G. 1887

15a, so M.

\,

DER R1FEH.
In the western cliffs about nine miles south of Siiit and seven miles from Shotb. The principal tombs are on one terrace, the northern tombs are occupied

East wall, north of entrance,

painted
;

1.

7-20, incised

and

much damaged.
Nefer Khnum, and false

North, west, and south walls, traces of scenes of

offerings, soldiers, figure of

by the Copts.

have had to depend entirely on my copies of 1887. Tombs I and VII were copied with special but the former was very difficult (a portion care, of Tomb VII checked with a photograph taken by Count Eiamo d' Hulst).
I

door (west wall).

All these painted only.

II

TOMB

(New Kingdom).

TOMB

(Middle Kingdom).

Entrance-framing

side, inscription incised

and thickness of 1. 1-6. PI. XVI.

wall,

north

Great hall, west side, south of the door, scene with cartouches of Rameses III A. An inscription of many short lines, painted black, terminates with B. In a lower band gods with C. Over the entrance D The 'tomb was probably painted is the bark of Ra.
throughout.

12

TOMB

III

defaced. Occupied by Copts. Incised inscriptions in the thickness of the wall very

(New Kingdom). Small entrance much

The

Coptic tablet in

PL XVIII

is

fixed over the

main gateway of the Der on the

inside.

fragmentary.

Cornice-lintel.

TOMB VI (New Kingdom).

Occupied, very large and
lofty, inscription incised.

TOMB IV (New Kingdom).

Occupied
cised.

PL XVIII.
Framing of entrance inscribed lintel illegible jamb mostly hidden by brick walls north jamb destroyed. Interior partly explored, no in;
;

very large and PL XVI, XVII, XVIII.

:

lofty,

inscriptions in-

Framing of entrance
1.

scene and inscriptions. 1. 1-21. Thickness of wall, south side,

.side,

south

22-29;

north

scriptions. L

veiy fragmentary. Entrance- passage, south

1.

side,

1.

30-47;

north

TOMB VII (Middle Kingdom).

two polygonal columns support the roof, terminating in eave with beams. Entrance hall (used as church), north side, inscription incised and painted on plaster, much damaged, 1. 1-55. Count R. d' Hulst and I scaled off the Coptic plaster. One or more
:

side,

48^65.

Entrance

Interior partly explored.

The framing
sides.

of an inner

entrance,

much encumbered with mud

1.

walls, has a

scene at the top, and

66-71 at the

The

way

Coptic marble slab in PL XVII is over a doorin the village leading to the church.

inner chambers, but no other inscriptions found.

TOMB
1.

V (New

Kingdom).
In western
Quarries,

DER DRONKEH.
cliffs two miles north from Der and Coptic epitaphs. PL XIX.

Occupied. Inscription incised: framing of entrance 1-11; interior not seen.

Rifeh.

ERRATA.
PL VI,
1.

266.

The

letter

b should be attached

to

PL XI,

1.

17

a.

E.

p refers
b

but?

the last sign

(l^?)282, top.

L 22.

Read
Omit

|-r^.

PL VI,
omitted.

1.

~~^
4.

should perhaps be entirely

b

PL XII,

in title.
1.

For front wall read facade.

a.

47.

PL X, Tomb

II,
,.

1.

For ^=, read

Omit
the

1.

58, 62, 55.

Read

words 20a read

.,

(without *__).

in note.
1.
1.

PL

XI,

1.

1.

For

read

"^ ^.

PL

XIII,

27. 28,

1.

12.

Near base read

fl\.

For 64 read 63. Omit the letters a, b, c. near the top. Omit the

letter b.

PL XIV,
PL XV.

1.

75

a.

f? x
I

1.

14.

read

and

For 28a read 26a. 39a 37a. PL XX (Plate 13). For 28a read 28b. PL XXI (Plate VIII). 304a is in PI. VI I.
(Plate IX).
the note.

354a.

Omit

the laxt

part of

For

corrections throughout, see Plate

XX-XXf.

Bibliography,

etc., will

appear in the Babylonian and Oriental Record, May, 1889, and following numbers.

HARBISON A.NU SONS, PBINTEBS IN OBUINABY TO ilKB MAJitiT,

61.

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Pl.S.

S UT Temvb
I

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PI.*.

PI. 5.

SIUT Tomb

6-rtat kail Etuitwo.il

Nortk

Side

tf- door.

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