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Dr. Herli Surjanhata
Background
A steady state thermal analysis calculates effects of constant thermal loads on a model and is used to determine temperatures, heat flow rates, and the heat fluxes in a part. A steady state analysis is commonly used as a precursor to a transient thermal analysis to determine the initial conditions.
A transient thermal analysis is used to determine the temperature, heat storage and other thermal quantities in a model due to a time varying load. Because the applied load may be time dependent, the solution is time dependent. All other considerations such as the type of the thermal load and the modes of heat transfer are the same as in a steady state analysis. Transient analysis is probably the most common form of thermal analysis.
Problem Statement
An engineer must attach copper heat sink to a CPU. The heat sink will be subjected to a time varying 50 Watt load and a constant convection of 100W/mC. The time required to reach steady state will be determined. A fringe plot of the temperature distribution after 1000 seconds will be made.
Edit -> Setup -> Units Select Meter Kilogram Second (MKS) in the Units Manager dialog box. Click on Set button.
Choose Interpret dimensions OK -> Close to close the Units Manager dialog box.
Create a block 0.062 m width X 0.08 m depth x 0.04 m height. Extrude both sides.
Create a cut to accommodate the fan at the top of the heat sink.
Create another cut to facilitate the installation clamp. The dimensions of the cut are shown below.
Make sure the Units are correct, then click the Continue button
From Insert pull-down menu, select Surface Region the Create a Simulation Surface Or click on Region button on the right toolbar.
Sketch -> Done Pick the bottom surface of the heat sink as sketching plane.
Select Right under SKET VIEW, and pick RIGHT datum plane as a horizontal or vertical reference for sketching. Make sure to include FRONT datum plane as additional reference.
Create two centerlines to ensure the symmetry, then create a square with 0.012 as the sides. Click .
When prompted with Select surface or surfaces to be split, Select surface to add, pick anywhere on the surface (bottom surface of the heat sink).
Assign -> Part Pick the heat sink. Click the OK button. Click the Close button.
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Bndry Conds -> New -> Conv Cond > Surface Click on button under Surface(s).
Pick all surfaces except the square area (surface region) located in the middle of BOTTOM SURFACE. Enter 100 for Convection Coefficient h, and 30 for Bulk Temperature. OK
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Tip: For easy surface selection choose Box Select then drag a bounding box. Hold CTRL and select the surface region (square area) located in the middle bottom surface to deselect it.
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Select Surface Or click on New Heat Load on Surface icon in the toolbar.
Pick the square surface region on the bottom surface of the heat sink. Enter 50 for Q, and click the Time Dependent radio button as the heat load in the problem varies with time.
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on
The Function Definition dialog box appears. Under Description, enter the following text: CPU heats up and reaches maximum output of 50 W at 150 seconds. Under Type change to Table.
Click OK. Enter the time, and value as shown on the figure on the left. The value in the right hand column is set to after 150 seconds. This value of 1 is a multiplier for the Q load of 50 Watts.
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Analysis -> Mechanica Analyses/Studies Or click on Run a Design Study in the top toolbar.
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Under Name, type in Transient_Analysis. Under Description, type in the following: Determine the temperature of the CPU heat sink during the first 1000 seconds after the computer is booted. Click on BndyCondSet1 to highlight it. Both BndyCondSet1 and ThermLoadSet1 are highlighted. Enter 22 for the initial Temperature. Keep the rests default. Click on Convergence tab, and make sure Single-Pass Adaptive method is selected.
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Change the Number of Master Intervals to 40. Click on User Defined Steps button.
Click on all.
to unchecked
Drag the scroll toolbar to the last interval number 40. Enter 1000 seconds for number 40. Check on Full results at row number 40. Click on OK.
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When the run is completed without error. Close the window. Close the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
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Click on
Enter Window Name as temp for temperature distribution. Enter Title Temperature Distribution of Heat Sink Under Design Study and Analysis, make sure that Transient_Analysis is selected. Note that Transient_Analysis is the name of analysis previously given. Click Display Options.
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Make sure you fill in the following form (window) as shown below:
Format -> Result Window Enter the setting as shown on the left.
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Click on
Enter the Name of max_dyn_temp. Type in the Title of Graph of Max Dynamic Temp. Under Display type, select Graph. Select Measure in the Quantity box. Click on .
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Select max_dyn_temperature. Click on OK. Click on OK in the Result Window Definition dialog box.
in the
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Click on Yes button. Type in File Name: transient for the results to be saved. OK.
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From File pull down menu, select New Steady State Thermal
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Name the analysis as Steady_State. Convergence Method: Multi-Pass Adaptive. Set the Maximum Polynomial Order to 9. Convergence: Local Temperatures and Local Energy Norms 5 %. OK.
With the Name Steady_State highlighted, run the analysis by clicking Click Yes. .
Click status.
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When the run is completed without error. Close the window. Close the Analyses and Design Studies dialog box.
Click
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Enter Window Name as temp_steady for temperature distribution. Enter Title Steady State Temperature Fringe Plot of Heat Sink
Make sure you fill in the following form (window) as shown below:
Click Display Options. Check on Continuous Tone. Check on Show Element Edges. Un-check Show Loads and Show Constraints. Click the OK and Show button.
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To delete Capping Surface display, select Edit -> Delete Capping Surface.
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Click on OK button. Display the maximum temperature convergence graph by selecting View -> Display, and select conv.
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to copy the definition. Fill in the Result Window Definition dialog Click on box as shown below.
Click on OK button. Display the maximum temperature convergence graph by selecting View -> Display, and select flux.
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Save the all result windows -> and also Save the model before exiting Pro/ENGINEER.
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