Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme

Petrophysics

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LOGS/LOGGING TOOLS /RELATED ITEMS Abbreviation

BHC CBL CCL CNL DLL FDC GR HDT

Name
Bore Hole Compensated Sonic Cement Bond Log Casing Collar Locator Compensated Neutron Log Dual Laterlog Formation Density Compensated Gamma Ray High Resolution Dipmeter

Function
Measures interval transit time Quality of Cement Depth control Measures porosity Measures resistivity Measures porosity Identifies lithology Measures dip and azimuth Measures conductivity (resistivity) Measures resistivity Pressure/fluid sample Measures Rw /Identifies lithology Core (1" x 2" plugs)

IES

Induction Electrical Survey

MSFL RFT SP

Micro Spherically Focused Log Repeat Formation Tester Spontaneous Potential

SWS

Side Wall Samples

OTHER ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation

API

Name
American Petroleum Institute

Function
Standards

Martey, A.O

0.1

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Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme AHBDF BDF BHP BHT BPHL BRT CSG DFE FL FPI FT HUD SS TBG TD TVD TVSS WHP WLFT Along Hole Below Derrick Floor Below Derrick Floor Bottom Hole Pressure Bottom Hole Temperature Barrels Per Hour Losses Below Rotary table Casing Derrick Floor Elevation Fluid Loss Free Point Indicator Formation Temperature Hold up depth Sub Sea Tubing Total Depth True Vertical Depth True Vertical Depth Subsea Well Head Pressure Wire Line Formation Test

Petrophysics Depth reference Depth reference Pressure Temperature Mud losses Depth reference

Depth reference Mud loss Depth of stuck tool Temperature Apparent bottom Depth reference

True bottom Depth reference Depth reference Pressure Pressure/fluid sample

SUMMARY OF COMMONLY USED SYMBOLS

Grouped according to petrophysical concepts. RESISTIVITY: F =

Ro = m Rw

I=

Rt n = Sw Ro

Rw Martey, A.O

Formation water resistivity, OHMM 0.2 Univation

Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme Ro Resistivity of water bearing formation Porosity, fraction of bulk volume Formation resistivity factor Resistivity Index Cementation factor Resistivity of hydrocarbon bearing formation

Petrophysics

F I m Rt Sw n

Formation water saturation, fraction of pore volume Saturation exponent

Rxo n = S xo Rmf F
Rxo Resistivity of the zone in which all of the formation water has been replaced by mud filtrate (flushed zone) Rmf Sxo Rm Rmc Rs Resistivity of mud filtrate Saturation of mud filtrate in the flushed zone Mud resistivity Mud cake resistivity Shoulder (adjacent) bed resistivity

SP:

E = Ej + Em

Ek= |Eksh| - |Ekmc|

E = SSP Ek = SSP + |Eksh| - |Ekmc| EJ EM Martey, A.O Liquid junction potential, MV Membrane potential 0.3 Univation

Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme EC Ek Eksh Ekmc SSP Electrochemical potential Flow potential (electro kinetic effect) Flow potential across shale Flow potential across mud cake

Petrophysics

Static SP (SP corrected for resistivity and geometrical parameters)

POROSITY: From sonic log

t = (1 )tm + t f , in which
t = mf S xo + th (1 S xo )

t t m 1 t . , in which C p = sh 100 t f tm C p

Sonic log reading, micro-secs per foot Matrix interval transit time Interval transit time in fluid Interval transit time in mud filtrate Interval transit time in hydrocarbon Interval transit time in shale (clay) Compaction correction (unconsolidated sand)

tm tf tmf
t h

tsh
Cp From density log

b = (1 - ) m + f in which
f = mf S xo + h (1 S xo )

Martey, A.O

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Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme

b

Petrophysics

Formation bulk density, grams per cubic centimeter Matrix density Fluid density Mud filtrate dens.ity Hydrocarbon density Electronic density index (Schlumberger concept) Atomic number (number of electrons per atom) Atomic weight

?m ?f ? mf ?h ?e Z A From neutron log FN p.u. HImf HIh

1 Sxo) N = HI mf Sxo + HI h(
Neutron log porosity, p.u. Porosity units

Hydrogen index of mud filtrate Hydrogen index of hydrocarbon

GAS EFFECT: Or

(mf + ag ), g/cc b = (1 S xo )
(1 S xo )(mf ag ), p.u. D = + 60
(where density recorded on p.u. scale for 1 g/cc = 60 p.u.)

?? b ?? D ? ag

Density shift on the log due to gas Porosity shift on density log due to gas Apparent density of gas ? ? N(HI) = -100 ? (1 -Sxo)(1 -HIg), p.u.

Martey, A.O

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Shell Nigeria Graduate Training Programme ? ? Nex = -100 [k 2 ? 2 SwH + 0.04 ? ] (1- SwH), p.u. In which k=1 for sandstone limestone dolomite

Petrophysics

K = 1.046 K = 1.173 and

SWH = Sxo .HI mf + (1 Sxo ) HIh

Total gas effect on neutron log is ? ? N =?? N(HI ) + ?? Nex and negative ! ? ? N(HI) ? ? Nex Shift on neutron log due to hydrogen content Shift on neutron log due to excavation effect

HYDROCARBON VOLUME: V = A X h X F X Sh V A h Amount of hydrocarbon in place Reservoir area Reservoir thickness

Martey, A.O

0.6

Univation