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A political system is a system of politics and government. It is usually compared to the legal system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more complex system of categories involving the views: who should have authority, how religious questions should be handled, and what the government's influence on its people and economy should be.
Overview
There are several definitions of "political system": A political system is a complete set of institutions, interest groups (such as political parties, trade unions, lobby groups), the relationships between those institutions and the political norms and rules that govern their functions (constitution, election law). A political system is composed of the members of a social organization (group) who are in power. A political system is a system that necessarily has two properties: a set of interdependent components and boundaries toward the environment with which it interacts. A political system is a concept in which theoretically regarded as a way of the government makes a policy and also to make them more organized in their administration. A political system is one that ensures the maintaining of order and sanity in the society and at the same time makes it possible for some other institutions to also have their grievances and complaints put across in the course of social existence. Commonalities between political systems: Interdependent parts Citizens Culture Government Boundaries Citizenship Territory Sociology of Political Systems Property
Political system Generally larger, consisting of many families. Tribes have more social institutions, such as a chief or elders. More permanent than bands; a band can cease to exist if only a small group walks out. Many tribes are sub-divided into bands. Centralized systems Chiefdom More complex than a tribe or a band society, and less complex than a state or a civilization Characterized by pervasive inequality and centralization of authority. A single lineage/family of the elite class becomes the ruling elite of the chiefdom Complex chiefdoms have two or even three tiers of political hierarchy. "An autonomous political unit comprising a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief" State A sovereign state is a state with a permanent population, a defined territory, a government and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. Supranational Political Systems Supranational political systems are created by independent nations to reach a common goal or form an alliance. Empires Empires are widespread states or communities under a single rule. They are characterized by the rulers desire for unanimous religious affiliation or posing as threat for other empires in times of war.* Empires often made considerable progress in ways of democratic structures, creating and building city infrastructures, and maintaining civility within the diverse communities. Because of the intricate organization of the empires, they were often able to hold a large majority of power on a universal level.* Leagues Leagues are international organizations composed of states coming together for a single common purpose.* In this way leagues are different than empires, as they only seek to fulfill a single goal. Oftentimes leagues are formed on the brink of a military or economic downfall. Meetings and hearings are conducted in a neutral location with representatives of all involved nations present.
Political system Both the U.S. Constitution and Washington provide support for the American political system, a Democracy and Republic, to be founded without political parties. The past has shown this type of system to work well with parties, but nonetheless, these two systems do not require political parties in their institutions. Over the years the American political system has seen a sharp decline in voter turnout. In 1960, over 63% of the American population cast their presidential votes, whereas by 1996, there were less than 50% of Americans showing up to the polls.* Not only are the domestic voting numbers low, but the United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates among other democratic nations.*Analysts say many factors play into these low numbers. For example, in many states felons are banned from poll booths. Also, if a citizen is abroad during the time of an election they are banned from voting as well. In the American political system, it is mandatory voters register weeks before the actual Election Day, so many citizens forget to register and are unable to cast their ballots.*
Political system
Notes
[1] Haviland, W.A. (2003). Anthropology: Tenth Edition. Wadsworth:Belmont, CA.
References
Almond, Gabriel A., et al. Comparative Politics Today: A World View (Seventh Edition). 2000. ISBN 0-316-03497-5 June 25, 2011. Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein. The Real World An Introduction to Sociology. 3rd ed. New York City: W W Norton & Co, 2012. Print. "political system". Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2012 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/467746/political-system/36699/Confederations-and-federations>.
External links
For further resources on political theory and the mechanics of political system design, see the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre's topic guide on political systems (http://www.gsdrc.org/go/ topic-guides/political-systems)
License
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