1. (i) CO2 is the pollutant responsible for global warming because it help to retain infra-rays.

N2O is the cause of acid rain. CCL3F is the cause of depletion of ozone layer.

(ii) *The global warming potential (GWP) represents how much a given mass of a chemical contributes to global warming over a given time period compared to the same mass of carbon dioxide. * - Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants - Carbon dioxide emissions from burning gasoline for transportation - Methane emissions from animals, agriculture such as rice paddies, and from Arctic sea beds - Deforestation, especially tropical forests for wood, pulp, and farmland - Increase in usage of chemical fertilizers on croplands

(iii) The reason CO2 is so significant to global warming is because there's so much of it in the atmosphere, and we're increasing the amount so rapidly. This is because of the fact that it comprises a comparatively large amount of our atmosphere, as well as the fact that it is not cycled through the atmosphere as rapidly as water vapor is. In addition, carbon dioxide absorbs radiation in the wavelength ranges that other gases (like water vapor) do not absorb in. It traps heat from the radiation that passes through other gases, in other words. It's especially being considered in this day and age because of our great contribution of it to the atmosphere. We as humans emit about 27 billion tonnes of CO2 every year (compare that to the 130-230 million tonnes emitted by volcanoes annually).

2. Anthropogenic climate change refers to the production of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity, but natural climate change that occurs as a result of normal atmospheric changes.

3. Carbon Neutrality, defined- a transparent process of calculating emissions, reducing those emissions and offsetting residual emissions net carbon emissions equal zero , is very much achievable, but there are huge obstacles that need to be overcome if one is to achieve it, as large interests wish to keep us dependent on fossil fuels, and important policy makers worry about productivity. Some countries are huge produces or investors in fossil fuel. Larger developed countries who are large polluters are therefore reluctant to change their ways. This is why China and other countries that are still expanding rapidly are building more power plants and polluting a lot. Even if these countries try to change their ways, there will be a huge outcry by the population

over higher energy cost and resulting inflation that may arise. This is the main problem affecting the move to carbon neutrality, as technology, though still improving, is at the level where some cities and countries can be carbon neutral. However, people must be made aware of why it is important to become carbon neutral and be motivated to support, sacrifice and advocate for the cause. In conclusion, reaching a state of carbon neutrality will be difficult, but not impossible. It must largely be a people lead strategy, where public opinion will compel governments to alter and create policy, and businesses to offer more environmentally friendly solutions. Governments listen to the people, and businesses listen to their consumer. By successfully giving both an incentive to develop/support more environmentally friendly approach, then carbon neutrality may be a little more achievable.

4. A carbon footprint is the measure of the environmental impact of a particular individual or organization's lifestyle or operation, measured in units of carbon dioxide. A carbon footprint is composed of two parts, a primary and secondary footprint. The primary footprint is the sum of the direct carbon dioxide emissions of burning of fossil fuels, like domestic energy consumption by furnaces and waters heaters, and transportation, like automobiles and airplane travel. The secondary footprint is the sum of indirect emissions associated with the manufacture and breakdown of all products, services and food an individual or business consumes.

5. "A prerogative of the rich" means that rich people can afford to do this. Poor people can't. If a poor man has an old polluting truck that he uses to earn his living, he can't offset his carbon dioxide emissions with money. Thus, A developing country like Maldives can not afford to neutralise its carbon emission level without help from a rich. But, the richest are the ones which emits the largest amount of carbon. so carbon offsetting is on the the hands of rich.

6. The environmental impact of aviation occurs because aircraft engines emit noise, particulates, and gases which contribute to climate change[1][2] and global dimming.[3] Despite emission reductions from automobiles and more fuel-efficient and less polluting turbofan and turboprop engines, the rapid growth of air travel in recent years contributes to an increase in total pollution attributable to aviation. In the European Union, greenhouse gas emissions from aviation increased by 87% between 1990 and 2006. most forms of aviation release carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to the acceleration of global warming[6] and (in the case of CO2) ocean acidification.[7] In addition to the CO2 released by most aircraft in flight through the burning of fuels such as JetA (turbine aircraft) or Avgas (piston aircraft), the aviation industry also contributes greenhouse gas emissions from ground airport vehicles and those used by passengers and staff to access

airports, as well as through emissions generated by the production of energy used in airport buildings, the manufacture of aircraft and the construction of airport infrastructure.[8] While the principal greenhouse gas emission from powered aircraft in flight is CO2, other emissions may include nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, (together termed oxides of nitrogen or NOx), water vapour and particulates (soot and sulfate particles), sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide (which bonds with oxygen to become CO2 immediately upon release), incompletely burned hydrocarbons, tetraethyllead (piston aircraft only), and radicals such as hydroxyl, depending on the type of aircraft in use.[9] Air transport's contribution to climate change represents 2% of human-induced CO2 emissions (and 12% of all transport sources) Flights produce 628,000,000 tonnes of CO2 yearly.

7. Solid matters that are created by human or animal activities, and which are disposed because they are hazardous or useless are known as solid waste. Most of the solid wastes, like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, and even used cars and electronic goods are not biodegradable, which means they do not get broken down through inorganic or organic processes. Thus, when they accumulate they pose a health threat to people, plus, decaying wastes also attract household pests and result in urban areas becoming unhealthy, dirty, and unsightly places to reside in. Moreover, it also causes damage to terrestrial organisms, while also reducing the uses of the land for other, more useful purposes. The problem of disposal of solid waste continues to grow with the growth of population and development of industries. Disposal of waste in open pits has become routine in majority of places. Solid wastes may be classified as Garbage: decomposable wastes from food * Rubbish: non-decomposable wastes, either combustible (such as paper, wood, and cloth) or noncombustible (such as metal, glass, and ceramics) * Ashes: residues of the combustion of solid fuels * Large wastes: demolition and construction debris and trees * Dead animals * Sewage-treatment solids: material retained on sewage-treatment screens, settled solids, and biomass sludge * Industrial wastes: such materials as chemicals, paints, and sand * Mining wastes: slag heaps and coal refuse piles * Agricultural wastes: farm animal manure and crop residues. Disposal of solid wastes on land is by far the most common method in most of the countries and probably accounts for more than 90 percent of the worlds municipal refuse. Incineration accounts for most of the remainder, whereas composting of solid wastes accounts for only an insignificant amount. Selecting a disposal method depends almost entirely on costs, which in turn are likely to reflect local circumstances, such as landfill. Methods to Reduce Waste are Resource Recovery and Recycling.

8. - Carbon capturing delays inevitable transition to clean energy. - Leakages of CO2 from storages sites is a risk. - Lack of storage. - Carbon capturing distracts attention and resources from clean energy. - Capturing/transporting/storing billions of tons of CO2 is not feasible. - Carbon capturing emits more pollutants. (not CO2) - Carbon capturing passes CO2 leakage problems to our childrens health.

9. - Large quantities of waste must be disposed. - If not designed carefully or operated attentively, limestone systems have a tendency toward chemical scaling. plugging, and erosion which can frequently halt its operation. - The scrubber requires high liquid-to-gas ratios necessitating large pumps with attendant electrical requirements. - The sludge may have poor settling properties when it has high sulfite content. Forced oxidation or soluble Magnesium in the slurry have been shown to lower sulfite content.

10. - When OH- and H+ is combined to make H20, they give off a charge that can be harnessed to power a motor, a light bulb or any electric device. the only byproduct will be water. - Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. But Depletion of ozone is a natural repeating phenomenon, for the pole that is experiencing winter. Ozone decays naturally with time, and due to forcings by various contaminants. The pole that is experiencing winter receives no UV-C from the Sun, no new ozone is formed, so the poles only receive ozone by diffusion from adjacent areas. The concern is not the "ozone hole" , but the documented increase in the size of the ozone hole.

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130329143540AAuUSFO http://www.epa.gov/ozone/geninfo/gwps.html http://planetsave.com/2009/06/07/global-warming-effects-and-causes-a-top-10-list/ http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/anthropogenic-climate-change.html\ http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-natural-climate-change.htm http://www.studymode.com/essays/Carbon-Neutrality-What-Is-It-832916.html http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/carbon-footprint https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:CEfZxntvFcwJ:dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/ 60646/EL_TR_1983_006.pdf%3F...+&hl=en&gl=mv&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi61Is1eAN1aZiHqD6z2YRG46V4-TqEqrmn7iDoYKviLy3Sqf0oPUuJy0bCpZDrpLosY2PRGCjsrjR7Jtk1lcCdpv8cEfrhiyfElCaHZWQ2lC697qbwWjBFljhl37iVTT8DzN&sig=AHIEtbR1t9k6flWH5KRI4gTxR9TVV0SsCw

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100531064717AAgnD4p http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_the_hole_in_the_ozone_layer_and_glob al_warming http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100604194502AAbaf9t