What are sources?

The term sources refer to print, electronic or visual materials necessary for your research. Sources are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary. Examples of primary sources: letters/correspondence, diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, official or research reports, patents and designs, and empirical research articles. Examples of secondary sources: academic journal articles (other than empirical research articles or reports), conference proceedings, books (monographs or chapters books), documentaries. Examples of tertiary sources: Encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, atlas Note: Sometimes, secondary sources can be considered primary sources depending on context. For example, an academic article about Mexican migration during the Mexican Revolution written during that period can be used as primary sources to document the "contemporary thinking" of that period. In the sciences, an academic article reporting the findings of a major study can be considered a primary source because it is reporting findings. To learn more about sources you can visit, http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/primarysources.html Literature reviews use a combination of primary and secondary sources since it purposes is to document and analyze what has been published on any given topic through time. Comments (0)

What are sources?

The term sources refer to print, electronic or visual materials necessary for your research. Sources are classified into primary, secondary and tertiary. Examples of primary sources: letters/correspondence, diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, official or research reports, patents and designs, and empirical research articles. Examples of secondary sources: academic journal articles (other than empirical research articles or reports), conference proceedings, books (monographs or chapters books), documentaries. Examples of tertiary sources: Encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, atlas Note: Sometimes, secondary sources can be considered primary sources depending on context. For example, an academic article about Mexican migration during the Mexican Revolution written during that period can be used as primary sources to document the "contemporary thinking" of that period. In the sciences, an academic article reporting the findings of a major study can be considered a primary source because it is reporting findings. To learn more about sources you can visit, http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/primarysources.html

Literature reviews use a combination of primary and secondary sources since it purposes is to document and analyze what has been published on any given topic through time. Comments (0)

Primary Source
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Definition: A primary source is a source that you cite in your writing that is as close to possible as the original information. A primary source is the most direct place you can find the information you want to write about. For example, Census.gov would be a primary source for a population estimate of your city, whereas a newspaper article detailing the number would not be considered primary. Some other examples of primary sources are peer reviewed research publications, journals, diaries, legal documents, government records, original maps, photographs, original manuscripts, institutional records, or national archives. Examples: In citing the Hispanic population in the city, we used the 2000 census numbers as a primary source.

Types of Sources by Cathy Spalding

A well-rounded paper includes information from many different types of sources. However, some instructors set guidelines regarding the types of sources you can use for your research paper. The two main types of sources are primary sources and secondary sources. If your instructor issues guidelines restricting the number or type of sources you may use, you need to be able to distinguish between them.

Primary Sources
A primary source is the original appearance of information or data. It has not been edited or evaluated in any manner. Primary sources often relay new information and are commonly printed at the time an event occurred, or soon afterward. Further research is based on primary sources, but primary sources are not based on any other research. These are some examples of primary sources: Statistical data Photos

 Autobiographies Speeches Interviews Minutes from a meeting Legal documents If you have difficulty finding primary source material, you can make use of some of the information included in the secondary source material. For instance, an encyclopedia entry about a specific event might mention people and groups that were closely involved in the event. You could then look for primary source material that came directly from those people or groups. You could look for their publications, such as a brochure put out by group, or diaries and letters written by the people involved.

Secondary Sources
Once information from a primary source is evaluated, analyzed, or otherwise modified, it is a secondary source. These sources provide some comment on the original data and are therefore one step further removed from the source. Sometimes it can be difficult to determine whether a source is primary or secondary. For instance, a newspaper can be either one depending on whether it is reporting facts (primary) or providing commentary on those facts (secondary). Some examples of secondary sources are: Biographies Some magazine and newspaper articles Some textbooks Some encyclopedias Review articles Bibliographies Secondary source documents include an analysis, similar to what you do with your information as your write your research paper. This analysis could be persuasive in nature, or it could hold a certain opinion about an issue, but this is not always the case. Some secondary source information is fairly objective, such as that in an encyclopedia entry.

Tertiary Sources
Tertiary sources are closely related to secondary sources. Sources are considered tertiary when they combine information from primary and secondary sources. These are sometimes a repackaging of the material contained in a secondary source. Some examples of tertiary sources are: Almanacs Guidebooks Chronologies Some dictionaries Some textbooks

 Some encyclopedias You often can use tertiary sources to help you find primary and secondary sources. This can be helpful early in the research process if you aren't sure where to look for the information you want. "Secondary sources are research reports that use primary data to solve research problems, written for scholarly and professional audiences. Researchers read them to keep up with their field and use what they read to frame problems of their own by disputing other researchers' conclusions or questioning their methods. You can use their data to support your argument, but only if you cannot find those data in a primary source." (Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams, The Craft of Research. University of Chicago Press, 2008)

"A secondary source is a report on the findings of the primary source. While not as authoritative as the primary source, the secondary source often provides a broad background and readily improves one's learning curve. Most textbooks are secondary sources; they report and summarize the primary sources." (Don W. Stacks, Primer of Public Relations Research. Guilford Press, 2002)

"Secondary data is neither better nor worse than primary data; it is simply different. The source of the data is not as important as its quality and its relevance for your particular purpose. The major advantages of using secondary data are economic: using secondary data is less costly and time-consuming than collecting primary data. Its disadvantages relate not only to the availability of sufficient secondary data but also to the quality of the data that is available. Never use any data before you have evaluated its appropriateness for the intended purpose." (Scot Ober, Fundamentals of Contemporary Business Communication. Houghton Mifflin, 2008) Also Known As: secondary data

Literature Review Sources

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Contents
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1 Online Resources 2 Books 3 Journals and Periodicals

 4 Articles 5 Examples of University Resource

Guides

Online Resources
The Children's and Young Adult Literature Handbook: A Research and Reference Guide.ABC-CLIO - Product - Presents the best resources on children's and young adult literature. The author, John Gillespie, a respected authority in this field, has carefully evaluated English-language print and nonprint materials and compiled a reference that will be useful for research, collection development, and as a selection guide. AdLit.org: Adolescent Literacy Research & Reports AdLit.org is a national multimedia project sponsored by WETA in Washington, DC, which offers information and resources to the parents and educators of struggling adolescent readers and writers. ERIC Worlds largest digital library of education literature The ERIC database provides unlimited access to more than 1.3 million bibliographic records of journal articles and other education-related materials, with hundreds of new records added multiple times per week. If available, links to full text are included. Google Scholar Search Results: young adults library use research An example of Google Scholar search results, cited here to highlight Google Scholar as a resource for searching.

Books
Gillespie, John T. The Children's and Young Adult Literature Handbook: A Research and Reference Guide Westport, CN:Libraries Unlimited, 2005. ISBN 978-1-56308-949-7. Presents the best resources on children's and young adult literature. The author, a respected authority in this field, has carefully evaluated English-language print and nonprint materials and compiled a reference that will be useful for research, collection development, and as a selection guide. pariuri sportive - uk online casinos

Journals and Periodicals

Evidence Based Library and Information Practice.An open access, peer reviewed journal published by University of Alberta Learning Services. Included research studies and reviews of previously published research. An excellent resource for public, school, and academic libraries. School Library Research. ISSN: 2165-1019, the official journal of AASL. Publishes peer reviewed research studies related to school libraries. SLR is the successor to School Library Media Research (ISSN: 1523-4320) and School Library Media Quarterly Online The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults Chicago: American Library Association. The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults is published four times a year by the Young Adult Library Services Association in November, February, May, and August.

As the online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal of the Young Adult Library Services Association, Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults distributes major research findings worldwide through electronic publication. free bets and football betting

Articles
Kaplan, Jeffery S. (Summer 2007) Recent Research in Young Adult Literature: Three Predominant Strands of Study, The ALAN Review, v. 34, n. 3, p.53-60. The article's author examines three strands of research taking place in the field of young adult literature.

Examples of University Resource Guides

Most universities and college libraries have collected research resources in an on-line pathfinder. Try these to start your review then try other university sources. UW Libraries: Researching Children's and Young Adult Literature. University of Washington pathfinder for Researching Childrens and Young Adult Literature.