1

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) Let (u
N
, v
N
), (u
S
, v
S
) be sterographic coordinates from north pole, south
pole, respectively, we have change of coordinate functions
(u
S
, v
S
) =
_
u
N
u
2
N
+ v
2
N
,
v
N
u
2
N
+ v
2
N
_
(see quesiton sheet 1). The Jacobian of this change of coordinate trans-
formation is
J =

_
u
S
u
N
u
S
v
N
v
S
u
N
v
S
v
N
_

_
_
v
2
N
u
2
N
(u
2
N
+v
2
N
)
2
2u
N
v
N
(u
2
N
+v
2
N
)
2
2u
N
v
N
(u
2
N
+v
2
N
)
2
u
2
N
v
2
N
(u
2
N
+v
2
N
)
2
_
_

=
1
(u
2
N
+ v
2
N
)
2
< 0
so this atlas is not orienting.
To obtain an orienting atlas, swap the order of north-pole projection co-
ordinates, taking (v
N
, u
N
) as coordinates, then the change of coordinate
formulae are unchanged but the Jacobian becomes
J =

_
u
S
v
N
u
S
u
N
v
S
v
N
v
S
u
N
_

=
+1
(u
2
N
+ v
2
N
)
2
> 0
as required.
(5)
(6) Let =
dudv
(1+u
2
+v
2
)
2
under change of coordinates it transforms to
=
J(u

, v

) du

dv

(1 +
_
u

u
2
+v
2
_
2
+
_
v

u
2
+v
2
_
2
)
2
where J(u

, v

) =
1
(u
2
+v
2
)
2
, from (4), giving (after some calculation)
=
du

dv

(1 + u

2
+ v

2
)
2
=
dv

du

(1 + v

2
+ u

2
)
2
so provided we use the orientation (u, v) and (v

, u

) we see transforms
as a well-dened n-form.
Change to polar coordinates u = r cos(), v = r sin(), then du dv =
r dr d and
_
S
2
=
_

1
(1 + u
2
+ v
2
)
2
dudv =
_
2
0
_

0
r
(1 + r
2
)
2
drd =