CHAPTER I 1. PROBLEMATIZATION. 1.1 APPROACH PROBLEM. GLOBAL MALNUTRITION Malnutrition today still represents a problem in most developing countries.

Malnourished children have their immune system or defense system decreased making them more prone to infections, less able to fend off the complications of the disease and more likely to die from common childhood illnesses such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Worldwide, malnutrition is responsible, directly or indirectly, 60% of the 10.9 million deaths that occur annually among children under 5 years and more than two thirds of these deaths are associated with unsuitable feeding practices during the first year of life. Insufficient nutrition has also hindered the development of 178 million preschool children in developing countries. Malnutrition affects more than 55 million girls and pre-school children annually. The tragic consequences of malnutrition globally are not only the result of hunger, wars and other disasters, as is generally believed. In some parts of the world, especially in Latin America and East Asia, has achieved a significant reduction in child malnutrition rates. But overall, the absolute number of malnourished children has increased. Malnourished children are more likely to die from common diseases of childhood, unlike those who receive adequate nutrition. Iodine deficiency can affect the intellectual capacity, the anemia is one of the causes of the complications of pregnancy and childbirth kill 585,000 women annually, folic acid deficiency in pregnant women can lead to birth defects children, as spina bifida, and lack of vitamin D can cause bone deformities, including rickets.

Of the nearly 12 million children under 5 who die each year of preventable diseases, particularly in developing countries, more than 6 million, or 55%, die from causes directly or indirectly related to malnutrition.1 Comment Group Malnutrition in children worldwide has been a significant problem because it affects the less developed countries and long life to all children affected brings very serious consequence for life, because children are the future of our homeland. MALNUTRITION NATIONWIDE Nearly 371,000 children under five years in Ecuador are chronically malnourished, and of that total, about 90 000's are serious. The 71% of stunted children from households classified as poor, which also applies to 81% of children with extreme stunting. In total, 26.0% of Ecuadorian children under 5 have chronic malnutrition and of this total, the 6.35% is extreme. In contrast, general malnutrition is almost nonexistent: only 1.7% are underweight-forheight and 0.4% suffers serious. The 2.24% of children are acutely malnourished. Almost all of these deficiencies in weight-for-age, in turn, are the result of chronic malnutrition.2 Comment Group malnutrition nationwide index has a very serious because the 371.000 of children nuestyro country is in chronic malnutrition and this gives us a procupacion to health professionals nationwide to sensitize mothers to feed their children correctly, in order to reduce this high rate of malnutrition in our country since loa children are the future of our country and need to be better fed.

1 2

http://www.msf.mx/web/index.php?id_pag=591 http://ecuador.nutrinet.org/ecuador/situacion-nutricional/58-las-cifras-de-la-desnutricion-en-ecuador

MALNUTRITION LOCAL School Joseph Abdon Calderon, who is of this study, belonging to the canton Guano. Here there is a small number of children are suffering from malnutrition, and this is due to various causes such as poverty bad combination of food, lack of funds, etc.. This malnutrition is the result of low food intake in childhood. During childhood is the stage where most needed nutrients in order to grow properly. Those who suffer most from the lack of food are children, this situation is exacerbated by opportunistic infections that can cause among other things: diarrhea and dehydration.3 Comment Group malnutrition in this school have been a very important factor that affects children having low incomes and the children of parents with primary and secondary school instruction and as a result of these children are the poor academic performance in school.

information gained from school Guano Canton Abdon Calderon