Chapter 21 The Great Depression Hoovervilles- settlements if shacks found on the outskirts of many American cities beginning in the

early 1930s. Dust Bowl- the name given in the 1930s to regions of Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Texas, where severe drought and poor farming practices caused massive dust storms. By the end of the decade, nearly 60 percent of all farms there were either ruined or abandoned. Many from the Dust Bowl ended up moving westward in search of jobs. Hawley-Smoot Tariff(1930)- tariff act that imposed severe tariffs on all incoming goods; European countries responded with their own high tariffs. Most historians say this tariff did to help the American economy. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- federal agency established during the First Hundred Days of the New Deal in 1933 in an effort to halt panic over bank closings. The FDIC insures the bank deposits of individual citizens. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- also established in 1933, the CCC eventually provided jobs for 2.5 million young Americans in forest and conservation programs. National Industry Recovery Act- New Deal legislation requiring requiring owners and labor unions in various industries to agree upon hour, wages, and prices; as a result, wages did go up for many workers but so did prices. Tennessee Valley Authority-agency created in the New Deal to oversee the construction of dams, providing electricity and flood control for many in the Tennessee River Valley; for many in the region, this was the first time their homes had electricity. Works Progress Administration (WPA)-New Deal program that employed nearly million Americans; WPA projects included the construction of schools and roads. Unemployed artists and musicians were also employed by the WPA. Wagner Act: critical piece of New Deal legislation that protected the right of workers to form unions and utilize collective bargaining. Social Security Act (1935)-New Deal legislation providing pensions for workers reaching retirement age. Both workers and employers pay into the fund that provides this benefit. Initially, farm workers and domestic workers were not covered by Social Security.

New Deal Coalition: The political coalition created by Franklin Roosevelt that, by and large, kept the Democratic Party in power from the 1930s through the 1960s; this coalition of workers in American cities, voters in the South, labor unions,and blacks. Scottsboro Boys: nine black defendants in a famous 193 case; they were accused of raping two white women on a train, and despite the lack of evidence, eight were sentenced to death. the American Communist Party organized their defense.

Chapter 22 Isolationism-American foreign policy of the 1920a and 1930s based on the belief that it was in the best in the United States not to become involved in foreign conflicts that did not directly that did not directly threaten American interest. Yalta Conference-meeting held at Yalta in the Soviet Union between President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin in February 1945; at this meeting critical decisions on the future of post war Europe were made. At Yalta it was agreed that Germany would be divided into four zones, that free elections would take place after the war in Eastern Europe, and that the Soviet Union would join in the war against Japan. Bataan Death March: after the Japanese landed in the Philippines in May 1942, nearly 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners were forced to endure a 60-mile forced march; during this ordeal, 10,000 prisoners died or were killed. Manhattan Project: secret project to build an atomic bomb that began in Los Alamos, New Mexico, in August 1942; the first successful test of a bomb took place on July 16 1945. Rosie the Riveter: figure that symbolized American working woman during World War 2. After the war. women were expected to return to more traditional roles. Double V Campaign: Campaign popularized by American black leaders during World War 2 emphasizing the need for a double victory: over Germany and Japan and also over racial prejudice in the United States. Many blacks who fought in World War 2 were disappointed that the America they returned to still harbored racial hatreds.

Internment Camps: mandatory resettlement camps for Japanese-Americans from Americas West Coast, created in February 1942 during World War 2 by executive order of Franklin Roosevelt. In 1944, the Supreme Court ruled that the camps were legal.

Themes for Chapter 21 and 22 Economic for Great Depression and WW2 The Roots for the Great Depression fo farther back than the great stock market crash of 1929. The Great Depression had a devastating Impact, banks were failing, national production was cut in half and nearly 1/4 of the labor force was unemployed. The long term effects of the economies credibility was devastating for recovery. American were desperate for reform and order which caused a movement toward a stronger central government. American were desperate for reform and order which caused a movement towards a stronger central government. By the middle of the 1930s most states politics had changed substantially from what they had before the crash. The world continued to remain in a Depression with the hardest hit, the US, until the emerge of World War II. The New Deal was successful in solving farms problems in regards to modernization American suffered much less casualties and financial obligations than other countries and the war time production lifted the US out of the Depression. World War II War production for WW2 pulled America out of the Great Depression. World War II turned America into one of the two major world powers. America continued to pursue a foreign policy of isolationism through the 1930s. The Pearl Harbor attack, U.S enter the war in 1941. The decision to drop the atomic bomb was based on the calculations of the human cost

of an American invasion of Japan and as retaliation for Japan actions during the war. American women contributed greatly to the war effort, especially by taking industrial jobs that had been held by departed soldiers. Multiple Choice Questions for Chapter 21 and 22 1. Which of the following was not a cause of the stock market crash? A. Excessive American loans to European countries B. Uneven division of wealth C. Installment Buying D. Drop in farm prices E. Purchasing of stocks on the margins

2. Which one of the following lists these events in the correct chronological order? 1. Japanese internment camps 2. Lend-Lease Assistance beings for England 3. Germany Invades Poland 4. Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor A. 2,4,3,1 B. 3,2,4,1 C. 3,2,1,4 D. 4,1,3,2 E. 1,2,3,4

Theme for Chapters 23-24

Origins of the Cold War the policy of containment was put into action to protect U.S national security An arms race between the U.S and the U.S.S.R U.S successes and failures in containing communism U.S economy boost? Prosperity and Anxiety: The 1950s Teens rebelling against traditional values Civil Rights movement: boycotts, strikes, etc. Laws were passed that ended segregation in American society Rock and Roll at its peak- Elvis Presley

Chapter 23(Vocabulary) 1. satellite countries: eastern european countries that came under the control of the Soviet Union after World War 2. Iron Curtain: a phrase used by British Prime minister describing the separation between the free countries of Western Europe and communist controlled countries of Eastern Europe 3. Containment Policy: Kennan believed that the U.S to implement long-term military, economic, and diplomatic strategies in order to contain communism. 4. Truman Doctrine: a policy by the U.S to support any democratic nation that resisted communism 5. Marshall Plan: american plan that spent $12 billion for the rebuilding of Western Europe after World War 2 6. Berlin Airlift: American effort that flew in supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet Union and the East German Government blocked the roads to that city beginning June 1948 7. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance between the United States and Western Europe countries established April 1949 8. Warsaw Pact: a military pact formed in 1955 between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite countries

9. HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee; in 1947, this committee began to investigate the entertainment industry who might be communists influences 10. Blacklist: a list created by HUAC and various private agencies indicating individuals in the entertainment industry who might be communist or who might influenced in the past 11. McCarthyism: term used to describe the accusations by Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy and his supporters in the early 1950s that certain people in government, academia and the arts were secret communists 12. Domino Theory: theory that if a country in a region falls into communism, the region around it will follow 13. Sputnik: the first artificial satellite, launched in 1957 by the soviet union; Chapter 23(Questions) 1. All of the following occurred in the Pacific except? Geneva Accords Rio Pact (1947) NATO containment policy Chapter 24( Vocabulary) 1. Brown v. Board of Education(1954): Supreme court decision stating separate but equal schools for white and black students were unconstitutional and that the school districts across the America must desegregate with all deliberate speed 2. Montgomery bus boycott(1955): effort by blacks in Montgomery, Alabama, to have the local bus company end discriminatory seating and hiring policies 3. Baby Boom: from 1947 to 1962 Americans married and had children at a record place 4. The Feminine Mystique: book written by Betty Friedan that described the frustration of suburban women in the 1950s 5. James Dean: young actor whose character in the film Rebel Without a Cause inspired many rebellious young people of the 1950s 6. Beat Generation: literary movement of the 1950s; writers of this movement rejected the materialistic American culture of the decade. Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg< and

William Burroughs were the keys writers of this movement Chapter 24(Questions) 1. From the years 1953-1969 Chief Justice Earl Warren practiced judicial activism. What is judicial activism? a bill that wanted to reduce the the number of Supreme Court judges passed laws that did not favored the civil rights movement prayer in schools tried to prevent communism from infiltering itself in the government by passing laws made important decisions on topics such as the rights of the accused and