E-AGRICULTURE

Nihal.N.Doddamani [ VIII C ]. Shri Hari. Vaidya [ VIII C ]. Alok. B [ VIII C ]. Shrikar. Shanbag [ VIII C ].

The cost effective, automated watering J S S S R Isystem. This helps the water supply based M A N J U N A T H E S H W A R on the soil moisture
ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL

[Type text]

DHARWAD

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AIM :

To provide cost effective, economic, labour less proper water supply to fields, gardens.
MATERIALS:
Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Material Sensing Probes Diodes Resistors OP_AMP Transistor Pump Zener Diode Relay Wires Purpose To Check Soil Moisture Used for reverse voltage protection To check the resistance To produce an output voltage that is larger than the voltage difference between its input terminals. For constant switching To show the actual water supply Used for Voltage to flow in the reverse direction, when the voltage is breakdown voltage (zener voltage). To control the power supply to pump

To make connection used to change the resistance according to Variable Resistor our needs Voltage Regulator Used maintain a constant voltage level Capacitor LED used to store electrical energy As indicator.

** The specifications of the important materials are given in the circuit diagram

E-AGRICULTURE

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PROCEDURE :

Take Rectangular wooden board. Get all the material as shown in the above. Connections are made using solder gun. Connections are made as shown per circuit. The ready model is fitted into the wooden board. At most care should be taken while making ve OR +ve connections.

E-AGRICULTURE

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

WORKING PROCEDURE : Above figure shows the circuit diagram of Soil Sensing. It consists of Soil Sensor (Copper Conducting plates), OP_AMP, Transistor and Relay. The Soil Sensor is used for the sensing of moisture. When moisture content is less (Dry Soil) resistance is very high When moisture content is more (Wet Soil) resistance is very low. Here the OP_AMP is used as a voltage comparator.
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 The Sensor and variable resistor VR1 are connected to the non-inverting terminal Pin No 3 of the OP_AMP to provide the potential difference. The inverting terminal Pin No 2 of the OP_AMP gets the potential difference from resistor R1 and variable resistor VR2, to adjust the Reference Voltage. Under low moisture content (Dry soil) resistance is very high. So the voltage at Pin No 3 is less than the Reference Voltage. As soon as moisture content increases (Wet soil), its resistance decreases which increases the voltage at Pin No 3 i.e. non-inverting terminal of the OP_AMP. Because of this condition the potential difference between two inputs at comparator also changes. The output of the comparator goes from its low to high state to activate (Saturate) the transistor. As long as the moisture content is more, the OP_AMP output remains in the same state. When moisture content goes down then the Sensor resistance goes to increase. This decreases the voltage at Pin No 3.

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 Because of this condition the OP_AMP i.e. comparator output changes from its high to low state. At this instant the transistors goes to cutoff. The collector output of the transistor is further connected to Microcontroller or relay driving circuit. This relay driving circuit connected to the pump (not shown in the diagram).This makes the pump on and off CONCLUSION : It avoids 30% of water wastage. Cuts down the labour cost. Proper water healthy plant growth. REFERENCE : Sister (Palak Bhonsle), 4th sem E&E SDM Engg College, Dharwad. FUTURE EXPANSION: As the power shedding is here in the district. Timer can be added so that the moisture content can be checked at particular time. Controlling the water flow for particular crops like paddy, Wheat (these need more water)

E-AGRICULTURE

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