COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES C.E.T. : Sessions : Examination : 4.103 30 70 Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs.

Nature of Exam. : Theory.

Note: The Programs are to be written in "C" only UNIT - I Computers and Software: Computing environments, the software development processes, Algorithm design, Program composition, Quality Control, Documentation, Storage and Maintenance, Software strategy. Process Models: Uses, Distributed and Lumped parameter models, Linear and Nonlinear models, Steady state and Dynamic models, continuous and discrete models, Empirical models. Formulation of Process Models: Momentum, mass and energy balances, constitutive rate equations, transport rate equations, chemical kinetic rate expressions, thermodynamic relations. Review on "C" Language Fundamentals. UNIT - II Formulation Process Models leading to set of ordinary differential equations and solution procedures by Eulers, Modified Eulers and Runge Kutta methods. UNIT - III Formulation of Process Models leading to set of linear simultaneous equations and solution procedures by Method of determinants, Gauss Elimination, Gauss Jordan, Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods. UNIT - IV Formulation of Process Models leading to transcendental and polynomial equations and solution procedures by Bi-section, Reguli-falsi, Newton Raphson, Richmond, Muller`s and Bairstow methods. UNIT - V Function Approximations by linear and nonlinear least square analysis, Approximations by orthogonal functions, Chebyshev polynomials. Examination: One question from each unit with internal choice Suggested Books: 1. Digital Computations for chemical engineers by Leon Lapidus, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1962 2. Process Modelling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers, by William L Luyben, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 1990. 3. Numerical methods for Engineers by Steven C. Chapra and Raymond P Canale, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill International edition, 1988.

CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING II C.E.T. : Sessions : Examination : 4.105 30 70 Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs. Nature of Exam. : Theory.

UNIT - I Analysis of Non ideal reactors - basic idea. Compartment models - hints, suggestions and possible applications. Dispersion number from C and F curves, Conversion using Dispersion and Tanks in series models for the first order irreversible reaction. UNIT - II Solid catalysts - Adsorption, Adsorption isotherms, Surface area, Void volume and solid density, Pore volume Distribution. Theories of heterogeneous catalysis, Classification of catalysts, Catalyst preparation, Promoters and inhibitors. (to the extent covered in J.M. Smith only) UNIT - III Heterogeneous Reactions - Introduction. Solid Catalysed reactions; Development of rate expressions from L - H - H - W models for reaction A + B R + S under Adsorption, surface reaction and desorption controlling condition. Pore diffusion resistance combined with surface kinetics (Single cylindrical pore, first order reaction) Porous catalyst particles. Experimental methods for finding rates. UNIT - IV Deactivating catalysts, Mechanisms of catalyst deactivation, The rate and performance equations: The rate equation from experiment, Determining the rate for batch solid sin contact with fluid in batch, mixed flow and plug flow modes for independent deactivation. Effect of pore diffusion resistance. UNIT - V Kinetics of fluid - fluid reactions. The rate equation for straight mass transfer of A (absorption). The general rate equation and the rate equation for reaction with mass transfer. Kinetics of fluid-particle reactions, selection of a model, PCM, SCM, comparison of models with real situations. Shrinking fore model for spherical particles of unchanging size: Diffusion through gas film controls, Diffusion through ash layer controls, chemical reaction controls. Rate of reaction for shrinking sperical particles EXAMINARION : One question from each unit with internal choice;

Text Books: 1. Chemical Reaction Engineering - Octave Levenspiel, John Wilsey & Sons - Third edition (1999) 2. Chemical Eengineering kinetics - J.M.Smith, Mc Graw - Hill, Third Edition (1981) REFERECE Book 1. Elements of Chemical reaction Engineering - H.Scott Fogler, Prentice - Hall, Second Edition (1999)

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES LABORATORY C.E.P. : Sessions : Examination : 4.108 25 50 Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 4 Hrs. Nature of Exam. : Theory.

Note: The Programs are to be written in 'C" only PART - A Application of following Numerical Methods for Process Calculations: i) ii) iii) iv) Solution of differential equations : Euler`s, Modified Euler`s, Runge-Kutta methods Solution of set of simultaneous equations by Gauss elimination, Gauss Jordan and Gauss Seidel methods. Solution of transcendental equations by bisection, Reguli Falsi, Newton Raphson and Richmond iterations. Linear and Nonlinear Least square analysis. PART - B Open loop and Closed loop simulations of the following Process systems: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) x) xi) Series of isothermal, constant holdup CSTRs CSTR with variable holdups Two heated Tanks Gas Phase Pressurized CSTR Non-Isothermal CSTR Single Component Vaporizer Batch Reactor Reactor with Mass Transfer Ideal Binary distillation with holdups Batch distillation with holdups Vapour Liquid Equilibrium : Bubble Point and Dew Point Calculations PART - C Demonstration of Software Packages Suggested Books: 1. Process Modelling, Simulation and Control for Chemical Engineers, by William L Luyben, 2nd edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company, 1990. 2. Process Modelling Analysis and Simulation by B.wayne Bequette, Prentice Hall International Series, 1998. 3 .Numerical methods for Engineers by Steven C.Chapra and Raymond P Canale, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill International edition, 1988.

FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY ELECTIVE - III (4) C.E.T. : Sessions : Examination : 4.106 30 70 Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs. Nature of Exam. : Theory.

UNIT - I Sources of Nitrogen and Hydrogen Steam reformation of Hydrocarbons. Coal classification processes. Partial oxidation of fuel oils. Gas purification High & Low temperature shift conversion, CO2 removal processes Methanation. UNIT - II Manufacture of Ammonia. Ammonia synthesis by various processes. By-product Ammonia recovery by direct and indirect methods. Manufacture of nitric acid. UNIT - III Production of Urea Urea processes, manufacture of other nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride etc. UNIT - IV Phosphoric fertilizers single & triple super phosphate manufacture. Production of ammonium phosphates & nitro phosphates, Manufacture of phosphoric acid. UNIT - V Potassium Fertilizers, Mixed & compound fertilizers, liquid fertilizers. Indian Fertilizer industry production Economics and future plans. Fertilizer application techniques for different soil Controlled release fertilizers. EXAMINATION : One question from each unit with internal choice.

TEXT BOOKS RECOMMENDED : 1. 2. 3.

Chemistry and Technology of Fertilizers, by V. Sauchelli, Reinhold 1960. Ammonia - Slack A.V.Marcel Dekker 1973. Manual of fertilizer processing F.T.Nielsson, Marcel Dekker, 1987.

MASS TRANSFER OPERATION LABORATORY C.E.P. : Sessions : Examination : 4.107 25 50 Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 4 Hrs. Nature of Exam. : Practicals

( Minimum of 8 experiments to be performed) 1. Determination of concentration profile for the given system 2. Estimation of differivity coefficient for the gaseous system (Acetone - Air) 3. Estimation of differivity coefficient for the liquid system (H2SO4 - water) 4. Determination of vapor - liquid equilibrium data for the given system. 5. Estimation of vaporization efficiency and prediction of steam distillation temperature. 6. Verification of the Rayleigh`s equation for the system of methanol and water. 7. Determination of the capacity coefficient of the packed column under total reflux conditions and calculation of height equivalent to theoretical plate. 8. Development of the solubility curve for the given system 9. Prediction of Liquid - Liquid equilibrium data for the given system and determination of the plait point. 10. Estimation of the solid - liquid equilibrium data for the given system. 11. Estimation of the mass - transfer coefficient and plotting the variation of standard. Number with Reynold`s member. 12. Developing the drying curve by using tray drier and estimation and composition of time required for drying the given solid.

MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS II

C.E.T. : Sessionals : Examination :

4.101 30 70

Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs. Nature of Exam. : Theory.

UNIT - I Distillation: VLE Phase diagrams Tie lines and mixture rule Flash vaporization and differential distillation for binary mixtures Steam distillation. Batch distillation with reflux for binary mixtures. UNIT - II Distillation : Continuous fractionation of binary mixtures, Ponchon Savrit method and McCabe Thiele method of determination of ideal plates for binary mixtures Optimum reflux ratio Use of total and partial condensers. Use of open steam. Types of Condensers and Reboilers. Packed bed distillation. Principals of azeotropic and extractive distillation. UNIT - III Liquid Liquid Extraction : Solubilities of ternary liquid systems. Triangular and solvent free coordinate systems. Choice of solvent. Extraction with insoluble and partially soluble systems single stage, multistage cross current and multistage counter current extraction without reflux and with reflux. Continuous contact extraction (packed beds). Equipments for liquid liquid extraction operation. UNIT - IV Leaching : Preparation of solid, Unsteady state operation, in-place leaching, heap leaching, percolation leaching, Shanks system, agitated vessels, percolation in closed vessels, Percolation vs Agitation. Steady state continuous operation equipments - methods of calculation, stage efficiency and practical equilibrium. Single stage leaching, multistage cross current leaching, multistage counter current leaching. UNIT - V Adsorption : Principles of adsorption and their applications Types of adsorption Adsorbents Adsorption equilibrium Adsorption Isotherms for vapor and dilute solutions. Single stage and multistage adsorption unsteady state adsorption, adsorption wave and breakthrough curve and fixed bed adsorption. Equipment for adsorption operation. Ion-Exhange EXAMINATION : One question from each unit with internal choice TEXT BOOK : Mass Transfer Operations, R.E.Treybal, 3rd Edition, 1981, McGraw Hill Book Company.

NUCLEAR ENGINEERING ELECTIVE-III ( 8 )

CET:4.106 Sessionals:30 Exam:70 PeriodsperWeek:4 DurationofExam:3hrs NatureofExam:Theory

UNIT I :Review of Nuclear Physics Atomic structure and isotopes, nuclear binding energy, nuclear stability, radioactivity, nuclear elements, radioactive nuclides, radioactive decay, alpha decay, beta decay, gamma rays. Nuclear Fission Neutron reactions, Mechanism of fission process, fission crosssections, fission rate and reactorpower,prompt&delayedfissionneutrons,fissionproducts.

UNIT II :Nuclear Fuel Materials Types of fuel materials, fuel properties & characteristics, fuel cycle, prereactor fuel operationsisotopicenrichment&isotopicseparationrequirements,nuclearfuelutilizationbreedingratio, Uranium,ThoriumandPlutoniumutilization. Spent fuel management Characteristics of spent fuel, storage and disposal, Reprocessing of spent fuel solventextractionseparationprocess,otherseparationprocesses.

UNIT III :Nuclear Fission Reactors General features, classification of nuclear reactors, reactor development for power production, some common types of power reactors pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), heavy water moderated reactors (HWMR), fast breeder reactors (FBR) their design features,conceptsofheatremoval,control&safetysystems.

UNIT IV :NonFuel Reactor Materials Classification, mechanical properties, radiation effects of materials, corrosion ofmetals,structuralandcladdingmaterials,moderatorandreflectormaterials. Nuclear Radiation Shielding Interaction of alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons and gamma rays with matter, external & internal radiation sources, biological effects of radiation, radiation protection standards, radiationshieldingprinciplesshielddesign&shieldingmaterials.

UNIT V :Environmental Effects of Nuclear Power Environmental concerns, green house effect of fossil fuel plants, radiationexposurepathways,reactorradwastetreatmentsystem. Nuclear Reactor Safety and Regulation Public perception, technical risk, reactor protection system, engineeredsafetyfeaturestheemergencycoolingsystem&containmentsystems. Examination:Onequestionfromeachunitwithinternalchoice. TextBooks: 1.NuclearReactorEngineering,bySamuelGlasstoneandAlexanderSesonske, 3rdEd,CBSPublishers&Distributors,NewDelhi,1986. 2.NuclearReactorEngineeringReactorDesignBasics,bySamuelGlasstoneand AlexanderSesonske,4thEd:vol.1&2,CBSPublishers&Distributors, NewDelhi,1998.

POLLUTION CONTROL IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES C.E.T. : Sessions : Examination : 4.102 30 70 Periods per week : 4 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs. Nature of Exam. : Theory.

UNIT - I Introduction to Industrial pollution and types of pollution from chemical industries. Effects of pollution as environment and ecosystems - global warning - green house effect. Environmental legislatures - standards and guide lines. UNIT II Air pollution - Meteorological aspects of pollution dispersion - adiabatio lapse Rate - Environmental lapse rate - Turbulence and stability of atmosphere Richardson Number - Plume raise - plume behaviour and characteristics effective stack height. Major Air pollutants and their sources and measurement of air pollutants. Indoor air pollution - smoke and hydrocarbons. UNIT - III General methods of control of air pollutants removal of sulphur dioxide - oxides of nitrogen and organic vapors from gaseous effluents. Removal of particulate matter - principle and working of settling chambers cyclone separators solid traps, fabric and fibre filters - electro static precipitators. Treatment of gases. UNIT - IV Introduction to water pollution - water pollutants classification - characteristics of liquid effluents from fertilizer, pulp & paper and petroleum Industries Estimation of oxygen demands - DO, BOD, COD, TOD BOD curves oxygen sag curve - modeling of BOD curves. Biological treatment of waste waters - aerobic and anaerobic methods - suspended and attached growth processes - bacteria - Reproduction in bacterial - Bacterial growth crushes conventional activated sludge process - Trickling filters Aerated lagoons - stabilization ponds - fluidized bed contractors. UNIT - V Physical Treatment methods principle and working of screening - sedimentation - flotation - filtration flocculation. Tertrary Treatment methods - carbon adsorption - Ion Exchange - Reverse Osmosis Boralin chlorinating - ultrafiltration. Sludge treatment and disposal- removal of chromium and phenol from liquid effluents. Examination : One question from each unit with internal choice.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED: 1. Pollution control in process industries, by S.P.Mahajan. Mc.Graw Hill Publishing 2. Waste Water Treatment by M.Narayanna Rao & A.K.Datta, Oxford and IBH. Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Air pollution control by P.Pratap Mouli & N.Venkata subbayya Divya Jyothi Prakasham, Jodhpur. 4. Introduction to Waste Water Treatment by R.S.Ramaiho, Academic Press, new york. 5. Fundamentals of Air Pollution Control by Stem, Academic press.

SUGAR TECHNOLOGY ELECTIVE - III (2) C.E.T. : 4.106 Periods per week : 4 Sessions : 30 Duration of Exam. : 3 Hrs. Examination : 70 Nature of Exam. : Theory. UNIT - I Importance of Sugar Industry. Different raw materials for sugar manufacturing, Composition of raw materials. Manufacturing processes, Raw sugar, Crystalline white sugar, Reducing sugars. UNIT - II Conveying of raw materials. Extraction of cane juice by milling operation. Maceration and Imbibition principles of cane juice clarification methods. Defecation procedures. Sulphitation and carbonation. UNIT - III Juice heaters - construction and juice circulation. Filters - plate and Frame filter presses. Continuous Rotary vacuum filters. Washing of filter cake. Evaporation multiple effect evaporators - construction and operation. Steam economy and capacity. UNIT - IV Vacuum pan boiling - coil and calandria vacuum pans. Crystallization Nucleation and crystal growth, Equipment for crystallization. Centrifuges , Batch and continuous. Separation of Molasses. Sugar drying, packing of sugar. UNIT - V Introductory treatment of chemical control - Boiling house control - Recovery formulae (Noel Deer`s, SJM & Gundu Rao) Sugar by-products : oagasse - production of bio-gas, Fibre board, Furfurol Filter mud - Extraction of cane wax, Manuxe, Molasses - Manufacture of Industrial alcohol and rectified spirit. Sugar scales and normal weight. India`s position in world sugar market. Examination : One question from each unit with internal choice . Books: 1.Indian Sugar Hand Book, by Spencer and Meade. 2.The Manufacture of Sugar from Cane by H.T.P. Horiot and Baet. 3.Plantation White Sugar Manufacture of Geelige. 4.Cane Sugar and its Manufacture by H.G.Goorlige. 5.Introduction to cane sugar Technology by G.H.Jenkions. (Elsevier Publishing Company) 6.Sugar by-products - Petrace, Elsevier publishing company. Reference Books: 1.Indian Sugar Journal 2.Publications of the Indian Sugar Technologists Association. 3.Principles of Sugar Technology by F.Henig. 4.Hugot E. Jonkins G.H. Hand Book of Cane Sugar Engineering. 5.Cane Sugar by Noel Derr. 6.The Manufacture of Cane Sugar by W.Jones and L.Scord. 7.Machinery and Equipment of the Cane Sugar Factory by L.A.Tromp.

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
C.E.T. : 4.104. Periodsperweek :4

Sessions Examination

: :

30. 70.

DurationofExam.:3Hrs. NatureofExam. :Theory.

UNIT I Introduction Mechanism of molecular transport of momentum, heat and Mass Transfer. Flux equations Newtons, Fouriers and Ficks laws. Similarities and differences, Non-Newtonian fluids, transport properties estimation, temperature and pressure dependence, estimation of transport properties of binary gaseous mixtures. Velocity distributions in laminar flow shell momentum balances Flow of falling film flow of fluids through circular tubes. Annulus and Immiscible fluids between parallel plates. Creeping flow around sphere Drag calculations. UNIT - II Temperature distributions in solids and in laminar flow shell balances - Heat conduction with electrical, Nuclear, viscous and chemical heat source. Heat conduction through composite walls, and cooling fin. Forced convection and free convection. UNIT - III Concentration distributions in solids and in laminar flow - shell mass balances, diffusion through a stagnant gas film, Diffusion with homogenous chemical reaction and heterogeneous chemical reaction. Diffusion into a falling liquid film-chemical reaction inside a porous catalyst. UNIT IV Equations of change for isothermal systems Equation of continuity, Equation of Motion, Equations of change in curvilinear coordinates, use of equations of change to set up steady flow problems. Equations of change for non-isothermal systems Equation of energy use of equations of change to set up steady state flow problems. Equation of change for a binary mixture Equation of continuity of a component in curvilinear coordinates. Dimensionless equations of change and principle of similitude. UNIT - V Unsteady state problems in momentum, energy and Mass Transfer operations. Turbulence - Time smoothing of equations of change of momentum, energy and Mass Transfer. Eddy properties - Intensity of turbulence Reynolds stresses. Semi empirical expressions for turbulent Momentum energy and mass fluxes. Examination : One question from each unit with internal choice.

TEXT BOOK : 1. Transport Phenomena, R.B.Bird, W.E.Stewart, and E.N.Lightfoot, John Wiley & sons, 1960 2. Transport phenomena, R.B.Bird; W.E.Stewart and E,N,Lightfoot, John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 2002 REFERECE BOOK: 1. Introduction to Transport Phenomena, R.S.Broadkay, McGraw Hill Publications, 1980.