Pope Francis

Pope Francis
Francis

Papacy began Predecessor

13 March 2013 Benedict XVI Orders

Ordination

13 December 1969 byRamn Jos Castellano 27 June 1992 byAntonio Quarracino

Consecration

Created Cardinal 21 February 2001 Personal details Birth name Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio 17 December 1936 Buenos Aires, Argentina Argentina Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires (19921997) Titular Bishop of Auca (19921997) Archbishop of Buenos Aires (19982013) Cardinal-Priest of St. Roberto Bellarmino (20012013) Ordinary of the Ordinariate for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites in Argentina (19982013) Miserando atque eligendo [1] ("With mercy and choosing")

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Coat of arms

Pope Francis

Papal styles of

Pope Francis

Reference style His Holiness Spoken style Religious style Your Holiness Holy Father

Francis (/frnss/, /frnss/; Latin: Franciscus [frantiskus]) was born Jorge Mario Bergoglio[2] on 17 December 1936 and was elected the pope of the Catholic Church on 13 March 2013. He is the 266th pope. A native of Buenos Aires, Argentina, he was ordained as a priest in 1969. In 1998 he became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, and in 2001 a cardinal. Elected as pope in 2013 following his predecessor Pope Benedict XVI's resignation, Bergoglio chose "Francis" as his name. This marked the first time in papal history that this name had been used, and along with Pope John Paul I is one of only two times since Pope Lando's brief 913 reign that a serving pope held a name unused by a predecessor. He is both the first Jesuit priest and the first native of the Americas to be elected Pope. He is also the first non-European pope since the 8th century.

Early life
Jorge Mario Bergoglio[3] was born in Buenos Aires, one of the five children of Italian immigrants[][4] Mario Jos Bergoglio, a railway worker, and his wife Regina Mara Svori, a housewife. As a teenager, Bergoglio had a lung removed as a result of an infection.[5] He studied and received a master's degree in chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires before he decided to pursue an ecclesiastical career.[6] According to another reference, he graduated from a technical school as a chemical technician and at the age of 21 decided to become a priest.[7]

Pre-papal career
Jesuit
Bergoglio entered the Society of Jesus on 11 March 1958 and studied to become a priest at the Jesuit seminary in Villa Devoto. In 1960, Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in philosophy from the Colegio Mximo San Jos in San Miguel; in 1964 and 1965, he taught literature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada, a high school in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and in 1966 he taught the same courses at the Colegio del Salvador in Buenos Aires.[] In 1967, Bergoglio finished his theological studies and was ordained to the priesthood on 13 December 1969, by Archbishop Ramn Jos Castellano. He attended the Facultades de Filosofa y Teologa de San Miguel (Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel),[8] a seminary in San Miguel, Buenos Aires province. Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of theology. The Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979.[9] He was transferred in 1980 to become the rector of the seminary in San Miguel, and served in that capacity until 1986. He completed his doctoral dissertation in Germany and returned to Argentina to serve as confessor and spiritual director in Crdoba.[]

Pope Francis

Ordination History of Pope Francis Priestly ordination Ordained by Date of ordination Ramn Jos Castellano 13 December 1969

Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Antonio Quarracino Dateofconsecration 27 June 1992 Datecreatedcardinal 21 February 2001

Cardinalate

Bishop
Bergoglio was named Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 and was ordained on 27 June 1992 as Titular Bishop of Auca,[10] with His Eminence, Antonio Cardinal Quarracino, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, serving as principal consecrator. Bergoglio succeeded Cardinal Quarracino as Archbishop of Buenos Aires on 28 February 1998 and was concurrently named ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who had lacked their own prelate.

Cardinal
At the consistory of 21 February 2001, Archbishop Bergoglio was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II with the title of cardinal-priest of San Roberto Bellarmino. As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to several administrative positions in the Roman Curia: Member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments Member of the Congregation for the Clergy Member of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life Member of the Pontifical Council for the Family Member of the Commission for Latin America Cardinal Bergoglio became known for personal humility, doctrinal conservatism and a commitment to social justice.[11] A simple lifestyle contributed to his reputation for humility. He lived in a small apartment, rather than in the palatial bishop's residence. He gave up his chauffeured limousine in favor of public transportation.[12]
Cardinal Bergoglio in 2008

On the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was considered one of the papabile cardinals[citation needed]. He participated as a cardinal elector in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. La Stampa reported that Bergoglio was in close contention with Ratzinger during the election, until he made an emotional plea[13] that the cardinals should not vote for him.[14] Earlier, he had participated in the funeral of Pope John Paul II and acted as a regent alongside the College of Cardinals, governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the interregnum sede vacante period. During the 2005 Synod of Bishops, he was elected a member of the Post-Synodal council. Catholic journalist John L. Allen, Jr. reported that Bergoglio was a frontrunner in the 2005 Conclave. An unauthorized diary of uncertain authenticity released in September 2005[15] confirmed that Bergoglio was the runner-up and main challenger of

Pope Francis Cardinal Ratzinger at that conclave. The purported diary of the anonymous cardinal claimed Bergoglio received 40 votes in the third ballot, but fell back to 26 at the fourth and decisive ballot.[16] On 8 November 2005, Bergoglio was elected President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference for a three-year term (20052008) by a large majority of the Argentine bishops, which according to reports confirms his local leadership and the international prestige earned by his alleged performance in the conclave. He was reelected on 11 November 2008. As a cardinal, Bergoglio was associated with Communion and Liberation, a conservative Catholic association of the faithful.[17]

Relations with the Argentine government

As priest On 15 April 2005, a human rights lawyer filed a criminal complaint against Bergoglio, as superior in the Society of Jesus of Argentina, accusing him of involvement in the kidnapping by the Navy in May 1976 (during the Dirty War) of two Jesuit priests.[18] The priests, Orlando Yorio and Franz Jalics, were tortured[], but found alive five months later, drugged and semi-naked. Yorio accused Bergoglio of effectively handing them over to the death squads by declining to tell Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio meets Argentine the regime that he endorsed their work. Jalics refused to discuss it after president Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner. moving into seclusion in a German monastery.[19] Horacio Verbitsky, an Argentine investigative journalist and former montonero, wrote a book about this and other related events titled El Silencio: de Paulo VI a Bergoglio: las relaciones secretas de la Iglesia con la ESMA.[20] Verbitsky also writes that the Argentine Navy with the help of Cardinal Bergoglio hid the dictatorship's political prisoners in Bergoglio's holiday home from a visiting delegation of the Inter-American Human Rights Commission.[21] According to the book, after their release Yorio accused Bergoglio, then-Provincial of his San Miguel Jesuit order, of having denounced him. Father General Pedro Arrupe in Rome was informed by letter or during the abductionWikipedia:Please clarify, both Jalics and Orlando Yorio were excluded from the Jesuit Order.[22] Bergoglio told his authorized biographer, Sergio Rubin, that after the priests' imprisonment, he worked behind the scenes for their release; Bergoglio's intercession with dictator Jorge Rafael Videla on their behalf may have saved their lives.[23] "The [now] cardinal could not justify why these two priests were in a state of helplessness and exposed," according to Luis Zamora, who said that Bergoglio's testimony "demonstrates the role of the Church during the last military dictatorship."[24] In 2010, Bergoglio told Sergio Rubin that had he often sheltered people from the dictatorship on church property, and once gave his own identity papers to a man who looked like him, so he could flee Argentina.[] After becoming bishop As detailed below, on presenting the Aparecida Document Bergoglio, in addition to commenting on social problems, exhorted "legislators, heads of government, and health professionals" to act according to Catholic principles regarding abortion and other issues and said that "people cannot receive Holy Communion and at the same time ... [commit] serious crimes against life and family. This responsibility applies particularly to legislators, governors, and health professionals." He referred to a topical Argentine abortion case. Argentina's government opposed this: Human Rights Undersecretary of Buenos Aires, Guillermo Guerin said that "the diagnosis of the Church in relation to social problems in Argentina is correct, but to mix that with abortion and euthanasia, is at least a clear example of ideological malfeasance."[]

Pope Francis His opposition to same-sex marriage has led to conflict with Argentine president Cristina Fernndez de Kirchner[], who said the church's tone was reminiscent of "medieval times and the Inquisition."[citation needed]

Papacy

The Holy See

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Bergoglio was elected pope on 13 March 2013,[25][26] the second day of the 2013 papal conclave, taking the papal name Francis.[] Vatican deputy spokesman Thomas Rosica said the same day that the new pontiff had chosen the name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi, and had done so because the new pontiff was a lover of the poor.[27][28][29] Timothy Cardinal Dolan, a first-person witness and participant in the proceedings of the Conclave, confirmed that, immediately after the selection was announced, the new Pope said, "I choose the name Francis, in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi."[] Some of those not initially aware of the statement made by the new Pope in the Conclave mistakenly believed that, as a Jesuit, he chose Francis in recognition of Francis Xavier.[][30] On the day of his election, the Vatican clarified that his official papal name was Francis, not "Francis I". A Vatican spokesman said that the name would become Francis I if and when there is a Francis II.[31] Bergoglio is the first Jesuit priest chosen to be pope.[32] He is also the first pope from the Americas, the New World, and the Southern Hemisphere. He is the first non-European pope in 1,272 years. The last non-European pope, St. Gregory III, was born in Syria and reigned from 731 to 741.[33] At the time of his election, Francis was fluent in Spanish (his mother tongue), Latin, Italian, and German.[34] As noted earlier, Cardinal Bergoglio's strong popularity amongst the other cardinals had been demonstrated once before at the 2005 Conclave in which Pope Benedict XVI was elected, and in which Cardinal Bergoglio had received the second largest share of votes after Cardinal Ratzinger. At the earlier Conclave, it had been only after Cardinal Bergoglio had asked for the voting to end, effectively endorsing Cardinal Ratzinger, that Ratzinger had gained the required majority of votes needed to become the next pope.[14]

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Positions on moral and political issues

Poverty and economic inequality
On 30 September 2009, Bergoglio spoke at a conference organized by the Argentina City Postgraduate School (EPOCA) at the Alvear Palace Hotel titled "Las deudas sociales de nuestro tiempo" ("The Social Debts of Our Time") in which he quoted the 1992 "Documento de Santo Domingo"[35] by the Latin American Episcopal Conference, saying "extreme poverty and unjust economic structures that cause great inequalities" are violations of human rights.[36][37] He went on to describe social debt as "immoral, unjust and illegitimate".[38] During a 48-hour public servant strike in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio observed the differences between "poor people who are persecuted for demanding work, and rich people who are applauded for fleeing from justice."[39] During a May 2010 speech in Argentina regarding the poor, he directed his message to the wealthy by saying: "You avoid taking into account the poor. We have no right to duck down, to lower the arms carried by those in despair. We must reclaim the memory of our country who has a mother, recover the memory of our Mother".[40]

Vulnerable people
In 2007, Bergoglio denounced what he characterized as a cultural tolerance of child abuse and "discarding of the elderly". He spoke strongly against the abuse of children as "demographic terrorism" and decried their exploitation. "Children are mistreated, and are not educated or fed. Many are made into prostitutes and exploited" and against a "culture of discarding" the elderly and treating them as if they are disposable and worthless due to their advanced age.[]

Doctrinal compliance on abortion and euthanasia

In 2007, as Cardinal Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Bergoglio presented the final version of a joint statement of the bishops of Latin America the "Aparecida Document" upon its approval by Pope Benedict XVI. The document links worthiness to receive the Eucharist, to compliance and acceptance of Church teaching against "abominable crimes" such as abortion and euthanasia:[][41][42][43] "We hope that legislators, heads of government, and health professionals, conscious of the dignity of human life and of the rootedness of the family in our peoples, will defend and protect it from the abominable crimes of abortion and euthanasia; that is their responsibility ... We should commit ourselves to 'eucharistic coherence', that is, we should be conscious that people cannot receive Holy Communion and at the same time act or speak against the commandments, in particular when abortion, euthanasia, and other serious crimes against life and family are facilitated. This responsibility applies particularly to legislators, governors, and health professionals." Bergoglio has also encouraged his clergy and laity to oppose both abortion and euthanasia, describing the pro-choice movement as a "culture of death",[44] and had opposed the free distribution of contraceptives in Argentina.[45]

Homosexuality
Bergoglio has affirmed church teaching on homosexuality specifically that homosexual actions are immoral.[46][47] He opposes same-sex marriage,[48] and unsuccessfully opposed legislation introduced in 2010 to allow same-sex marriage in Argentina, calling it a "real and dire anthropological throwback."[49] In a letter to the monasteries of Buenos Aires, he wrote: "Let's not be nave, we're not talking about a simple political battle; it is a destructive pretension against the plan of God. We are not talking about a mere bill, but rather a machination of the Father of Lies[50] that seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God."[51] In this context, Bergoglio also opposed adoption by same-sex couplesWikipedia:Please clarify, arguing that it threatened the "identity [...] and the survival of the family: father, mother and children." He stated that "children [...] are discriminated against in advance depriving them of human growth that God would be given to a father and a mother."[52][53]

Pope Francis

Bibliography
Books
Jorge Bergoglio; Abraham Skorka (2010) (in Spanish). Sobre el cielo y la tierra [On Heaven and Earth]. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana. ISBN9789500732932.[]

Writings
Meditaciones para religiosos [Meditations for the Religious] (1982) Reflexiones sobre la vida apostlica [Reflections on Apostolic Life] (1986) Reflexiones de esperanza [Reflections of Hope] (1992) Dilogos entre Juan Pablo II y Fidel Castro [Dialogues Between John Paul II and Fidel Castro] (1998) Educar: exigencia y pasin [To Educate: Exactingness and Passion] (2003) Ponerse la patria al hombro [Putting the Motherland on One's Shoulders] (2004) La nacin por construir [The Nation to Be Built] (2005) Corrupcin y pecado [Corruption and Sin] (2006) Sobre la acusacin de s mismo [On Self-Accusation] (2006) El verdadero poder es el servicio [True Power Is Service] (2007)

Mente abierta, corazn creyente [Open Mind, Believing Heart] (2012)

Notes
[1] The phrase is drawn from a homily of Bede: "Vidit ergo Iesus publicanum, et quia miserando atque eligendo vidit, ait illi, Sequere me." "Jesus looked at the publican, and because he looked with mercy and choosing, said to him, 'Follow me.'" preso da: Miserando atque eligendo: il motto di Papa Francesco (http:/ / www. cantualeantonianum. com/ 2013/ 03/ miserando-atque-eligendo-il-motto-di. html#ixzz2NSp7v8ax|Testo). [2] Pronunciation: [xorxe majo eroljo] (Spanish), [bergoo] (Italian). [7] La Nacin newspaper: Jorge Bergoglio, a career Jesuit priest, 13 March 2013 (http:/ / www. lanacion. com. ar/ 1562738-bergoglio-un-sacerdote-jesuita-de-carrera) Article gives detail: he graduated from industrial secondary school E.N.E.T N 27 "Hiplito Yrigoyen". [8] Official Website, Facultades de Filosofa y Teologa de San Miguel (http:/ / www. facultades-smiguel. org. ar/ ) [9] NEW POPE: Who is this man named Bergoglio? (http:/ / www. catholic. org/ hf/ faith/ story. php?id=50111), Catholic.org [10] The titular see of Auca, established in 1969, is seated at Villafranca Montes de Oca, Spain: Titular See of Auca, Spain (http:/ / www. gcatholic. org/ dioceses/ former/ t0229. htm). [13] "Quasi in lacrime" (almost in tears) [16] Catholic News: Article based on diary says German cardinal became pope with 84 votes, 23 September 2005 (http:/ / www. catholicnews. com/ data/ stories/ cns/ 0505401. htm) Article gives numbers for the four votes; Ratzinger had most votes, followed by Bergoglio. [20] The Silence: from Paulo VI to Bergoglio: secret relations of the Church with the ESMA, Sudamericana (Bs. As.), 2005. ISBN 950-07-2035-3 [22] Horacio Verbitsky: Los signos del cardenal (http:/ / www. pagina12. com. ar/ diario/ elpais/ subnotas/ 144966-46534-2010-05-02. html). In: Pgina/12, 2. Mai 2010. Abgerufen am 1. Januar 2011. [26] Habemus Papam! Cardinal Bergolio Elected Pope Fracis I (http:/ / www. news. va/ en/ news/ habemus-papam-cardinal-bergolio-elected-pope) [27] Michael Martinez, CNN Vatican analyst: Pope Francis' name choice 'precedent shattering' (http:/ / www. cnn. com/ 2013/ 03/ 13/ world/ pope-name/ index. html?hpt=hp_t1), CNN (13 March 2013). Retrieved 13 March 2013. [31] Emily Alpert, Vatican: It's Pope Francis, not Pope Francis I (http:/ / www. latimes. com/ news/ world/ worldnow/ la-fg-wn-vatican-pope-francis-name-20130313,0,1309501. story), Los Angeles Times (13 March 2013). Retrieved 13 March 2013. [41] para. 436 [45] Argentina's Bergoglio Becomes Pope Francis (http:/ / news. blogs. cnn. com/ 2013/ 03/ 13/ cardinals-elect-new-pope/ ) CNN News, 13 March 2013 [50] The devil [52] http:/ / translate. googleusercontent. com/ translate_c?depth=1& hl=hr& ie=UTF8& prev=_t& rurl=translate. google. com& sl=es& tl=en& u=http:/ / infocatolica. com/ %3Ft%3Dnoticia%26cod%3D6783& usg=ALkJrhjplHkgfED-UvrPXxFKw_wjqtS4Kw [53] Meet the new pope: Francis is humble leader who takes the bus to work (http:/ / worldnews. nbcnews. com/ _news/ 2013/ 03/ 13/ 17299920-meet-the-new-pope-francis-is-humble-leader-who-takes-the-bus-to-work?lite) by Erin McClam. NBC News, 13 March 2013

Pope Francis

References External links

External media
Images Fumata Blanca (http:/ / img. irtve. es/ imagenes/ primeros-instantes-fumata-blanca/ 1363201699933. jpg) Video Habemus Papam (https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=4jRMtmCxO8A) on YouTube First speech (https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=IK_uzO5s-ic) on YouTube

Media related to Franciscus at Wikimedia Commons Vatican: the Holy See (http://www.vatican.va/) Vatican web site ( Archived (http://www.webcitation.org/ 6F64Gfkqn) at WebCite) Pope Francis's channel (https://www.youtube.com/user/vatican) on YouTube (Official Vatican YouTube page, covering the Pope and related interests)
Catholic Church titles Precededby Antonio Quarracino Precededby Benedict XVI Archbishop of Buenos Aires 19982013 Pope 2013present Vacant

Incumbent

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Pope Francis Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=544033241 Contributors: 1995hoo, 2001:db8, 3ni9m4tic, 47of74, 5-HT8, 78.26, 900mill, 99of9, ADM, Abductive, Afernand74, Afghana, Afterwriting, Againme, Alexander1257, Alfion, Alfred0027, All Hallow's Wraith, All Is One, Amakuru, Amandajm, Amphicoelias, And we drown, Andres arg, Andrewman327, AndyMcKandless, Andywalker, Angr, Another Believer, Antony-22, Apoivre, Arzino, Augustus Niva, Aunva6, Ausir, Austinlwyman4, Awickert, AxelBoldt, Axxxion, BANi, BCSWowbagger, Bamler2, Bdb484, Bender235, Berek, Bill Thayer, Binq, Blahma, Blelbach, BlueBirdo, BlueMoonlet, Bluerasberry, Blythwood, Bmclaughlin9, Bobnorwal, Bonkers The Clown, Boscaswell, Brenont, Briaboru, Brightgalrs, Brother Bulldog, Bsd987, Caidh, Cambalachero, Canuckian89, Caratinga8, Carlos Rodriguez Otero, Catgut, Cenarium, Chamberlian, Chameleon, Cheyinka, Chimino, Chonak, Claus Ableiter, Coburnpharr04, Colonies Chris, Contaldo80, Corevette, Countered, Cristiano Toms, Crm18, Crohall, Crumpled Fire, CubeDigit, Cush, Cwobeel, Cyde, D6, DHN, DagosNavy, Daniel the Monk, DariusRex, David Marjanovi, Dawn Bard, DeCausa, Defteri, Demophon, Desmay, Dheppens, DocWatson42, Docu, Dpm12, DragonflyDC, DragonflySixtyseven, Drewnamis, Drex15, Drmonth, Ducknish, EamonnPKeane, Edgars2007, Egeymi, Eire102, Ekerazha, Emijrp, Erbelgerbels, Erielhonan, Erudy, Erwin Mulialim, Eumolpo, Evrik, ExclusiveAgent, FT2, Farolif, Favonian, FeanorStar7, Finemindman, FiveOnThree, Flata, Frankie1969, Frmorrison, Fshelley17, Funandtrvl, Gaarmyvet, Gaelen S., Gateman1997, Gentgeen, GeorgeHouse19, Gerald Farinas, Ghostofnemo, Gilderien, Girl43, Gogo Dodo, Good Olfactory, GoodDay, Goodolclint, Gtstricky, Gugganij, GuidoGuanz, HangingCurve, Hardcoreromancatholic, Harizotoh9, Hazhk, Hebel, Hellbus, Helperzoom, Highspeed, Hillbillyholiday81, Hippo43, Hippocamp, Hoplon, Hubschrauber729, Hydrargyrum, ICanAlwaysChangeThisLater, IndianaJones8856, Inhakito, Ipigott, Isaac Rabinovitch, Itemirus, JForget, JLD, JYolkowski, Jack Bornholm, JackofOz, Jafeluv, JamboQueen, JamesReyes, Jamesmcguigan, Jan eissfeldt, Janus Savimbi, JasonAQuest, JasonFD247, Jayarathina, Jbruin152, Jdforrester, Jdvillalobos, Jeisrael, JesseW, JesuXPIPassio, Jhertel, Jlgonzb1125, Jmg38, Joe Decker, John Broughton, John K, Johnbod, Johnpacklambert, Joseph Solis in Australia, Joseph90x, Joshmaul, Jrcovert, Juddhoward, Julser1, Kaiser matias, Kashmiri, Kathovo, Katydidit, Kawaii-Soft, Kbdank71, Kbh3rd, Keith D, Kevininspace, Killswitch125, Kilowattradio, King of the North East, Klemen Kocjancic, Koavf, Kudzu1, Labattblueboy, Lahaun, Lawrence King, Leki, Libertyguy, Lima, LimosaCorel, Lockley, Loginnigol, Lopifalko, Lordgilman, LuK3, Luigibob, MTVarro, Magioladitis, Malerooster, Mangwanani, Marek69, Marianocecowski, MarkAHershberger, Materialscientist, Matthewrobertolson, MaxVeers, Mcsee, Medeis, Metsavend, Michael Hardy, Mikael Hggstrm, Mike V, Mikeque, Miyagawa, Mllcg, Mocctur, Monado, Moncrief, Montanabw, MosheA, Mr305worldwide, MrDolomite, Msclguru, Mscuthbert, Mtminchi08, Muboshgu, Mukake, Mushroom, MusikAnimal, Mythic Writerlord, Naddy, Naraht, Natg 19, Nightscream, Nikosgreencookie, Njm05, Noel baran, Nogburt, Nurg, Nyttend, O'Dea, Ohconfucius, Ontoraul, OrthodoxeSizilien, Orzetto, Owen, Pablo-flores, Parutakupiu, Pdxuser, Pediainsight, Peter M. Brown, Peter.mottola, Philippe (WMF), Philpill691, Pie4all88, Pieism, Plasticup, Platia, Pleonic, Pol098, President Rhapsody, Prioryman, Priyanshu7, Pudgecat, PurserSmith, Quod erat demonstrandum 3.14159, R'n'B, RGloucester, Railie May, Randy Kryn, Rarohla, Reckless182, Renato Caniatti, Retaux, RicHard-59, RightCowLeftCoast, Rinagaeilge, Rinnenadtrosc, Robma, Roger Davies, Rogo, RoseMaria1910, Rosspz, Rotgild, Rreagan007, Rupertslander, Rursus, Russianamerican1, Ryan Postlethwaite, SFGiants, Sandstein, SarahStierch, Satellizer, SchreiberBike, Scottperry, Seaghdha, Seb az86556, Senator2029, SergeantHippyZombie, Seth Ilys, Sgt Simpson, ShadowPhox, Shanes, Sherlock4000, Shreshth91, Slowking4, Smartyllama, Snappy, SnowFire, Soidi, Sonjaaa, Spalvisak, Spookyrabbit, Sroulik, StAnselm, Stanazollo, Stefanomione, StevenDC, Str1977, Student7, Surtsicna, TBM10, TRGUY, Tabletop, Tanman, Tariqabjotu, TexasAndroid, ThaddeusB, That Guy, From That Show!, The Rambling Man, The Sage of Stamford, The ed17, TheCoffee, TheOtter, Themoodyblue, Theodork, Therequiembellishere, Thewilberforces, Thryduulf, Tim Parenti, Tim1357, Tim1965, Timbo3416, Timothy Titus, Tinman44, Tktru, Tmaynes, Tocino, Toddst1, TortoiseWrath, Tpbradbury, Truexper, Tucapl, Turtlens, Twarwick666, Ukexpat, Valti, Varnent, Veriss1, Very Odd Bod, Vidkun, Vilcxjo, Vinnyzz, Viswaprabha, WJBscribe, WJDC1, WOSlinker, WPinNYC, Wavelength, Werldwayd, Wester, Wetman, Whoisjohngalt, WikiDan61, Wikipedian77, Wikiwind, William Quill, Wind of freedom, Wizikj, Xanchester, Xeltran, Xkcdreader, Xxcom9a, Xyzzyva, Y, Ymblanter, Yoninah, Ypnypn, Zero Gravity, , , 49 anonymous edits

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