1) What is industrial sociology? Explain its significance in the area of science and technology? 2) What is labour management relationship?

Explain it in context of indian indus try with case study. 3) Discuss the stratification of india industry system? Substantiate your answe r with sutable example? 4) Write short notes on: 1. 2. 3. 4. Collective bargaining Trade unions Lesuire HR Management

Explain its attribute in indian context. What is difference between variations a nd attributes? 6) Write short essay on trade union movement in india? 7) Disscuss the process of industrialisation in India. Can an industrial society be called modern society?

Ans 4.1:Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and the representatives of a unit of employees aimed at reaching agreements which r egulate working conditions. Collective agreements usually set out wage scales, w orking hours, training, health and safety, overtime, grievance mechanisms and ri ghts to participate in workplace or company affairs.[1] The union may negotiate with a single employer (who is typically representing a company's shareholders) or may negotiate with a group of businesses, depending o n the country, to reach an industry wide agreement. A collective agreement funct ions as a labor contract between an employer and one or more unions. Collective bargaining consists of the process of negotiation between representatives of a u nion and employers (generally represented by management, in some countries[which ?] by an employers' organization) in respect of the terms and conditions of empl oyment of employees, such as wages, hours of work, working conditions and grieva nce-procedures, and about the rights and responsibilities of trade unions. The p arties often refer to the result of the negotiation as a collective bargaining a greement (CBA) or as a collective employment agreement (CEA).

Ans 4.2: A trade union is an organization of employees formed on a continuous basis for t he purpose of securing diverse range of benefits. It is a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining and improving the conditions of their working lives. The Trade Union Act 1926 defines a trade union as a combination, whether tempora ry or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations be tween workmen and employers or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive condition on the conduct of any trad e or business, and includes any federation of two or more trade unions. This definition is very exhaustive as it includes associations of both the worke rs and employers and the federations of their associations. Here, the relationsh

ips that have been talked about are both temporary and permanent. This means it applies to temporary workers (or contractual employees) as well. Then this defin ition, primarily, talks about three relationships. They are the relationships be tween the: workmen and workmen, workmen and employers, and employers and employers. Thus, a trade union can be seen as a group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employers over pay, job security, working hours, etc, using the collective power of its members. In general, a union is there to represent the interests of its members, and may even engage in political activit y where legislation affects their members. Trade unions are voluntary associatio ns formed for the pursuit of protecting the common interests of its members and also promote welfare. They protect the economic, political and social interests of their members. Features of trade unions: It is an association either of employers or employees or of independent work ers. They may consist of :Employers association (eg., Employer s Federation of India, Indian paper mi ll association, etc.) General labor unions Friendly societies Unions of intellectual labor (eg, All India Teachers Association) It is formed on a continuous basis. It is a permanent body and not a casual or temporary one. They persist throughout the year. It is formed to protect and promote all kinds of interests economic, politica l and social-of its members. The dominant interest with which a union is concern ed is, however, economic. It achieves its objectives through collective action and group effort. Negot iations and collective bargaining are the tools for accomplishing objectives. Trade unions have shown remarkable progress since their inception; moreover, the character of trade unions has also been changing. In spite of only focusing on the economic benefits of workers, the trade unions are also working towards raising the status of labors as a part of industry. Ans 4.4: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_resource_management