Laptop INDUCTORS:

An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which resists changes in electric current passing through it. It consists of a conductor such as a wire, usually wound into a coil. When a current flows through it, energy is stored in a magnetic field in the coil.

AUDIO FREQUENCY COIL: An Audio frequency induction (loop) is a way of transmitting sound through a wire loop to a telecoil in a hearing aid or suitable receiver. They are mostly used to eliminate background noise.

RADIO FREQUENCY COIL: Radiofrequency coils are two major parts of the radiofrequency (RF) system in the magnetic resonance imaging hardware. The MR signal in MRI is produced by the process of resonance, which is the result of radio frequency coils. They consist of two electromagnetic, the transmitter and receiver coils generating and receiving electromagnetic fields.

DIODES: A diode is a two-terminal electronic component. Diodes are usually

made from semiconductor materials, Silicon and Germanium being the most common. The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction (called the diode's forward direction), while blocking current in the opposite direction (the reverse direction). TYPES OF DIODES: 1. SILICON DIODE: They are used in many applications from high voltage, high current power supplies, where they rectify the incoming mains (line) voltage.

2. GERMANIUM DIODE:

Germanium diodes will conduct at a forward voltage of only about 0.15V.They are found as signal diodes in older radio circuits.

3. VARACTOR DIODES: This type of diode feature a reverse bias placed upon it, which varies the width of the depletion layer as per the voltage placed across the diode. This diode acts as a capacitor. By altering the bias

on the diode, the width of the depletion region changes, thereby varying the capacitance.

4. SIGNAL DIODES: The semiconductor Signal Diode is a small non-linear semiconductor devices generally used in electronic circuits, where small currents or high frequencies are involved such as in radio, television and digital logic circuits.

5. ZENER DIODE: These diodes are heavily doped to give them a very thin depletion layer. In use they are reverse biased. No current will flow (apart from a very small leakage current) until the "breakdown voltage" is reached. Zener diode has ability to act as a voltage stabiliser and voltage reference source. It creates a large and sudden increase in current at a precise applied voltage.

6. LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE): These diodes are made from a range of semiconductor materials, depending on the colour of light required.

TRANSISTORS: It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three

terminals for connection to an external circuit. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor

can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.