T.B.

IIIycrrKoBa

' BBOHbr OOH ETII KO.f PAMMATq N CKVIfi KYPC

PvccKoro g3bIKA
T.V. Shustikova

INTRODUCTORY RUSSIANPHONETIK.GRAMMAR COURSE

JIfl JII{IL

f oBoPglurrx IO-AHIJII4HCKIT
FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS
/-\ -/\ \ -,,- .1.-----\\

s>12

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Mrnr.rcrepcrnoo6lqeron npo$eccnotraJrbuoro o6pasonannr Poccucxuyrmnepcmer 4pyx6u HapooB

T.B. Illycruxona
Bno,ryrrr Soneruxo-rpaMuarrqecnrrypc pyccKoro 3brKaJrs Jrnq, roBoprrlrry no-auruucxu

T.V. Shustikova phonetic Introductory Russian -grammar eourse for Englishspeokers

PexouenonaHo Mnnncrepcrnou n nporleccrona:nnom o6rqero o6patoranrr yue6uoronocrx PoccncxoOeepaqrur B KaqecrBe
Jrr cTyeEToB-nf,ocTpqeB By3oB

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IZ3,trATE/IbCTBO

COBEPIIIEHCTBO
Mocrca 1997

EEK 8l.Agrr

un

YTBEPXNEIIO
PIIC Yqenom cosera Poccnororo Ynxnepcmyra,{pyx6rr Hapogon

Peqexseulru: Cr.s.c. HOCO PAO x.n.n..A.ffaenemxeatueea, 3aa. raQe ro PKI,I MIIV r.@.ru. JI.C.Kpm,xoea

lllycrr.rrora T.B. IlI97 Bsonrr rpouenn<o-rparr,rMarqeKr,r KypcpyccKoro r3brKaJr Jlrrl roBoprrqlx no-aHrm{lcKr{. - M.: corepurellcrno, lgg7. _104 c.
Ilqrero4 xor*luenrapus A.A. Amaexoco ISBN 5-89441-013-4 Vqe6lrux o6ecneqtnagt co3Hare,r6Hoe oBnaeHrre ocHoBaMHQouernse(o l.r fpaMMarr.rqeq(ocr4cTeM pycct(oro r3brxa B npoqecce noHrMaHr,r,u rlpoyrl4poBaHrrrr pe.rr,rr nau6onee arrya:rbHrD( ,4nr Haqarbnoro sraua o6yueHr,rrcrryqx yue6uo, coquamuo-6rrroro r coqua.rluo-rynrrypno cQepo6rqenux. Klpc npegna:uaven rr cryexToB-nHocrpaHqeB no.uoroBureJrbr{oro {axynrre_ Ta, a raxxe MoxgT 6rIrt ncnonrsosaHglr o6yvenvr 4pyrux rareropu rnrq inynerrrrrn cTapToBbrM BJaeHH.S pyccxr,rM 3brKoM. )T)oBHeM no4.oroonex ua xarleape pyccxoro 3Na 2 no,moroalrrenrnoro rparylr_ _K14rc rera PVIH.

EBK 81.AHgr.

@T.B.Illycruxona, 1997r. @Corepurexcroo,1997 r.

Preface
The mponance of the elementary stage n leaching Russian as a foreign languoge is dfficult to overestimae. The forming of the articulatory grounds of the language ( here Russian as a foreigt ), Jrst accountance wih the pecuartfies of its grammar with their svstem deas, the developmentof proper grammar form skills of talking, the ability to join talking in common siluations using elententary language material - all these tasks are tealsed in he phonetc-grammar course. presenntroducory course is dvided ino I0 lessonsand is organiTed in ac' The teachng material of the cordance with the mehodsof staging in forming speechhabits and skills The phonetic and grammar maturtal of tlte Russian language is presented in Comparison wth the English language thus giving the possibility of using positive transfer as wll as of the teachingmateial help and the compositon Necessary commens avoiding interference. to present the languagephenomena completely. The aim of the Russian articulation, o teach the students corect Russian pronunciaton: fluent glde from the articulation of front lingual sounds to back lingual, thus forming the mechanism of non-palataliTaton / palataliption, to obtain free glde from non-palatal to palatal and vice versa; afler leaming the articulation of wiced and voiceless consonans o pronounce the words containing these soundsfluently; to teach reading clusters of consonants and vowels in words and word combinations accent and rhythm are solved in he course. TeachingRussian ntonation s based on small commanicative rerts of dialogue and monologue character. Lexico-grammar models are visually presented in tables and a great number of dritls. Besides this.there are many pctures n the text book. This illustrative mateal stimulates indvidual speaking of the learners. Each lesson contains exercises for developing language guess and altention, drama taskswhch do not shadowthe main goal - to obtain grammar correclness of the speech. The system of exercsesin the lessonsand home tasks provide raning of the skills and realise communicative oientation of teachng at the elementary stage already. All the expressions common to certain stuations dre put together in a special secton <Speechetiquee>. The section <<Key to exercses>> developsskills of self-conrol. The leamers are given the task to fill in summary dictionary with new words (task: tlite out new words alphabetically) for the clevelopmentof indvidual work skills. There are texts of popular songs with the translation in the course. Systematic classesof musical phonecs .are sugested. All this helps solving linguacuhural problems, enlargesthe potental vocabulary, provides relaxation absolutely necessary at the elementarystage which is consideredto be the most dfficult. The course is intendedfor 40-50 class lessons, The aadio casettewith exercises,texts and songsis enclosed.

peucaoeae 3'a'{e','e HaqaJr.HorogTarrarpr{ o6yuenun pyccKoMy 3bIKy KaK I,HocrpaHHoMy Tpyno nepooqerurrr. oopuupoBaHr4o aprr{KyrHquoruro 6a.srr rasyraerrloro rsrrxa (n aHHoMcryqae, pyccKoro s3brKa KaK rauoctpanHoro), nepBoe 3HaxoMcrBo c oco6eHHocrtMr{ ero rpaMMarl'fqecKoroclpo rrpn ID( crlcreMHoM 4pecraBroH[r{, pa3Br,ruroHaBbrKoB rpaMMarnqecKl'I [paBI,tJIbHoro o(loploreur,rr BblcKa3brnaur,g, ]r{eur4e BKrloqnr},crr B paJlr,HoeperreBoeo6rqenr,re r nalr60nee qacro Bcrpeqarortr\rxc cwrya\lrtD(. Ha 3JrOMeH'I3bIKOBOM MATOP,TAIIEBCE 3TI,I 3AAIM POAJII,I3OBAHbI B HASIOUtrEM BBOHOM

TAPHOM

Kypce. Qouer4Ko-rpaMMarr.rrecKoM v'{e6Hn Marepr,raJr Kypca pacnpeenen no r0 }T)oKaM opraHr43o'aH B coorBercrBlru c uvrogro cra,qlIarHosrr{ n (poprrnrponaHrra peqeBbD( HaBbrKoB r yrrrenn. (Donsrl,.rec*{ u rpauuarrtuecrcr Marepr,aJlpyccKoro s3hrKa agrc.r B co,,ocraBJIoHlrI' c arrmtcroru ,r3brKoM,rrro ro3norsr lrcrroJl3oBarr, Bo3Moxgosr.r4KaK rroJro)Kr{TelrbHoro llepeHoca, TaK rrpeorBparrloHn{ urnep(peperqr,rr.l. Heo6xo4r.rltrre rorr,rMer{Tapr'rr{ pacnoJroxoHl,e yve6noro Maref)uaria roMoraror arb ocrarorrHo nonH}.ro rrpe3or{Taqr,ro I,r3yqaeMbD< .II36rKOB[,D( sWrcnut. Iderrr rypca yqrrlrD(c c ocHoBHbrMI,r oco6enrrosrnr,rlr pyccxor ''o3HaKoMr,T aprI,IKyJrf,r{troHHo 6a-srr, Ha} rr{T6 I,D(npaBtnbHoMypyccKoMy 4por,r3HorrreHr,ro: cno6o4HOMy Ilepoxoy or al}T1rKyrj II.r, rlopg4ro.Sbrrrubrx3ByKOB r aprrr<ynflg,Il,r 3aHe3brqHrx; coopMr4poBaBMgxaH3Mrnep40crr/umro qu, o'vrscs cro604uoro neDoxoa B npo{3uorrrgn}rlt or rBopA6D(K MrrrKr,IMz nao6opor; ocBor4Baprr,tKyJrru"to .uo"r"a urlDc'D( coDracHrur, 'cno604Ho rlpor{3Hocr4TbclroBa, coopxaIle 3Tn 3Byr0{; Hayr{[T " qreHr'lo rpyr[ coDracHD( DracHbD(B oroBe r, crroBocoqeraHuu. B rypce purarorcx s4qavu o6yvenrx aKIIeHryaqrII4 r4 plrrMlrKo pyccKoro aJroBan croBocorreraHr,ur.ocnoeHr40pyccKo r{HroHaqur, ocy rocrBrercs na 6ase ne60rututo< KoMMyH{Kart4BHo 3Ha_
qIIMID( ToKCTOB I4aJIOD{[I9CKOrO I,I MOHOJIOII4TIeCKOTO XapaKTOpa.

Jlercr'rxo-rpaultarr4r{ecr(He MoeJr4 HarnsHo 4pecraBJroubr n ra6Jrqax r,rocraro'{Ho 60ro{ Kotr\recrBg TpoHUpOBorrHbx y'npa:iGreHr,r. Kpoue roro, r yve6rnare pl,cyHKon. 9ror r,Julocrparl4BHbrr HeMaJro uarepuan sBrsrcfr ocxoBo ,rIJ-rJr caMoqroTgJrbHbIX B6IcKa3bIBaH[y.{aurxcs. B raxqorra ypoKg coepxarcr yrpa{crreur.tfi Ha ' pa3Bvt n4e srblxono ofa.rlKr4r,r BHr{MaHa[' 3aaEfig.a4)oBoro xapa<Tepa'Koropblo, TeM He MeHs, Ho 3aryIrreBrBa]or ocuonuo 3aaqr, - fo6urcx rpaMMarr4qocKo npanwrrnocrr pevra. cr,rcreua y[pac{enr{3yror KoMr{yHnKarr,rBHyIo HalpaBJroHHocrb o6yverur yxe Ha Haqarbuotrr erane. Bce rlMrorqlrec B ypoKzlx BIpDKeHI,Irr, xapaKreprbre Is olrpegneHHrn< cr.rryaUu o6rqe_ Hr'r' cBeeHbr n cneqraanrr*t pag4elr "Pe.renoit. sr,rxer". pa:4e.n ,,K-nrouu K yrrprcremasM" nosnon-sor pxlBr,Bar HaBbIra4 caMoKoHTpors.!5t pasnurut HaBbrKoB caMocrotenluo pa6mrr r KaxoM llpoKe yqaql{Mc qper,naraflc.s 3aloJlHr{r6 HoBbrMI,I cJroBaMr4 cro4nn yve6xu cJroBap. (saganr.rx ,,HanuutumeHo6ue cro,a no aaeaeumy,,). B rgpce alorc TeKcrbr rlorryn IpHbD(receH c nepoBooM,rro crlDlc.rr He roJtbKo Jrr,HrBoKyJrbryponon4lrecKl,rM 3a"[a.ra u [orroJrHrIETnmeirqua:rrnuti coBap, xo u cnoco6crnyer pe_ naKcal1uv' crom neo6xo4ralto Ha Ha*ralruoM - caMoMTpylnoM - srane o6yvonnr. Kypc paccwrraH na 40-50 qacoB aylgmopubD( galrlsrnft. ' K Kypcy npr4narasrcs, ayvto*accTa c 3arMcbro ynpa:xcrouu, TeKqroBI,r flece'.
HI4 B YPOKAX 14 OMAIIIHI,IE 3AAHI,T'I IIO3BOJTIOT 3AKPEII,TTIIOJTJEIEHHI,IE 3HAH1I PgA-

AJI@ABI{T
Aa

E
Bs lr a

-/t

gl g6 Tu

lal tb1 lvl

gs
E"

tel
tdl [ie] t iol ll lzl til

Ee

e
Xx 3s

Ea
JIC r* 3?

r4t hn Kr
J In M tr,t Hn

Ql, QJa fro

t'1
tkl t11
lml lnl Io] tpl trl

-4* ,t*
lfn 0"

Oo fIn Pp Cc Tr Yy

9(*
Go

e7,
97(,, %* %q
Qllro

o
Xx qq
9.r III tu

uy, .fr
qln

ts1 trl
[u:] tfl thl ttsl ttll

rIl

Nevada Baikal Volga Glasgow Dnieper Yerevan Yorkshire Geneva Zarnbezi Italy Troy Caucasus [,ondon Moscow Novosibink Ottava Paris Riga Siberia Toronto Vesuus France Shanehai Tsushima Chile Sheffield

Henaga

5axa;r Boma Irasro uenp Epenan oprcuup Xenena 3aM6esr Ilrwws, Tpor Kanxas
JIeHoH Mocrca Honocu6upcr Omana flaplox Prra Cu6upr TopoHro Beeynu (Dpamts IIIatua I{ycrua tlrlJu,r

IIIeOSwrs
]occua

I ur
b .

Qt(,,+
6't

li:l

lr*t
S""ttf, Yugoslaa Yalta

bI b

9e IO ro

Ir

, JO*
,-fl*

fr.s.

tal Uul [ia]

L"rn
trOrocraglr gtra

TABLE OF THE IIARI) CONSONATS COTJIACHbIX

l4A - MO - My - M3 -'Mtr BA_ E O _B Y -83_ bI IA-IIO-ny -I3-Il bl BA-B O-B y -83-B ht. 0 A- @ o-oy -03-obl

TAsJrr{rIA TBEPbIX

TABLEOF THE SOFT CONSONANTS TABJII{IIA Mf,IKI,IX CODIACHbIX

M ,q_ME_M I]- ME_M I4 E,S- B_BIO_BE_BI4 N,fl _ I] - IIO _ IIE _ III4

B,q-B-BIO-BE-B'4

o. s - o- ot o- oE- oil
,[E-IE-n-E-Vr
T.S_T-TIO-TE-TI4 H, S - H _ H] O - HE _ HI A J]ff-JI-J]I]-TIE_JIW 3.S-3-3r0-38-371

,[A-O-.qy-13-.4br TA-TO-TY_T3-TII
H A _ H O_ H Y _ H 3 _ H h i J I A- JIO_ JY _ JIg -JIT I 3 A - 3 0 -3 y-3 3 -3 h r

c A- C O - C y - c 3 - c b ]

u - uo- uy - u3- ubr

r_lE_ rlr4
PA _ PO_ P Y _ P 3 _ P b X A - , X O-X Y -X E -X Z
,/11

cfl-c-c0-cE-ct|
r lA- r t- q0- qE- i171 ilo

ilr - n

nio

nIO - qE - ur4

P,S_P_PN.PE_PII

NA - IIO - IIy - IIIE - ]]II4

tll L
FA rf1 .t \-,, _L y -

KA_ K O_K Y _ XA- X O _X Y _

fE - rll KE - K]I XE_XM

of the consonants Tableof combinations

TAENI4IIA COIIETAHI4I4 COIJIACHbTX BBA - BBO - BBI4 OIIA - Ono - ollt4 3KA [CKA] - CKA BBA - BBO - BBI4 OOA - OOO - OOI4 BKA [OKA] _ OKA BMA - BMO - BMII OMA - OMO - OMt{ B! tB,[A] - BTA

- [orA]
BHA - BHO - BHII BJIA - BJIO - BJIil OHA - OHO - OHI4 BIA OJIA - OJIO - Onil [BfA] - BKA

B,4A lB.[A]
-

toKAl
BTA

BpA - BPO - BPI4 oPA - OPO - OPil B.[A BIA B3A BXA - B,qO - BIII - BIO - BIII _ B3O - 8371 - BXO - BXTI OTA OKA OCA O]I1AOTO OKO OCO _ O]IO OTII OKI4 OCI4 OI]14

- [o TA ] C.UA t3Al _ 3TA - icrA l

3JlO 3MA 3BA 3HA _ _ CJIO CMA CBA CHA

PA - TPA _ BTPA py - .qpy - KIPy TA-XA-XTY

IOTPA] - CTPA - BCTPA IOCTPA] K T O- fIA- r E lrPvl - c.qPv t3lPvl

BA - XBA

JIA - ruIA _ ruIA - 3JlA _ CJ]A _ BJIA - TJA - .[J]A APT _ OPT - YPT - YKP - YIP _ YIP AEPb _ BP,S
MHO bb -

MHE u-b1 -

IIH n ir ll-b. -

IIIF, lI.bru -

nHV r ta lJbll -

rl{A
J.bru

rHIl
nrr JI-bIi J.l.brJ

IACK _ CKNA - OPCK _ IIOJIbCK - KYPCK, KBA _ ]IBA - 3BA - TBA - XBA _ CBA - IIIBA

SOME PRINCIPALPECULIARITIES OF RUSSIAN PHONETIC SYSTEM

Phonetic is a section of science about the language which deals with the sounds of speech. while studyrrg a foreign languageit is necessaryto acquaint oneself with its sound system as the sound languagedoes not coincide with the written one. we write letters and pronource sounds, therefore a word which rs familiar in spelling may sound quite strange when we hear it for the first time il a lecture or in a conversation.In order to know which sounds are denoted bv these letters in different casesand how to pronounce them it is necessary to have n idea of the phonetic rules of the Russianlanguage.In order to show the correct way to pronouncewords phonetic transcriptionis used. For example:oro Mocrca? (is it Moscow?). [era rraacrna?].

Vowelsand Consonants
All Russian and English sounds are divided into vowels and consonan$. some Russian sounds have English counterparts, whereas others have not. Al Russianvowels are shoer than their English counterparts.

Voicedand Voiceless Consonants

As in Engiish, the Russianconsonantsare divided into voiced and voiceless. But unlike English consonants, Russian voiced and voiceless consonants whlch havo counterpaltschangetheirs articulationsdependingon position in the words.

Hard and Soft Consonants

Russianconsonantsare divided not only into voiced and voiceless,but also into hard and soft consonants.when pronouncing hard conconants the tack part of the tongue is drawn back and raised. soft consonantsdiffer in the pronunciatron from hard ones by some additional articulation: the middle part ofhe io"g"" ,, raised to the palate and the whore to-ngueis a bit protrudeo. ihe tip of the tngue is lowered as in the pronunciation of the Russianvowel ,,1I". Soft consonants hve "T" hue. The opposirion of hard and soft consonantsis a peculiarity of Russian $ phonetic system.

WordStress
vowelsin Russian canbe stressed and unstressed. stress is the pronunciation of one vowel in a word with a greaterforce accompanied by an increase in the length of the sound compared with othe$ on"s; su"h a vowel is called stressea. Stress is markedbV/ ' / which is placedabove the stressed vowel.

Russian words may consist of one, two, tfuee and more syllables, one of which is stressed. In Russianthe stressdoes not fall on some definite syllable of a word, it is free: mua (mum, mother); xafxa (science). Stress can distinguish words and granmarforms: sarrx- cMox (a padlock - a castle); nncru - ncrua (of a letter - letters). to write down and leam every word paying attention to the It is necessary stress. to raise the pitch, vowel it is not necessary In order to pronounce a stressed one should only to intensify this sound, pronounco it with more energy and longer than other soundsofa word.

Intonationalsystem of Russian
The intonational systemof Russianconsistsof 7 types of intonational units intonational constructionswhich are called IC-1, IC-2, IC-3... (VlK-t, l4K-2, I4K-3...)These intonational constructions distinguish the meaning of the we say and hear. sentelces I Haraua nor. (lIK-l) 2 Kax Haraua not"r?(lIK-2)
J

Natalie sings. How well does Natalie sing?

(lIK-3) Harana noh?

4

Does Nataliesing? And what aboutAnton?

How beautifully Natalie siugsl

Amon? (I{K-4)
Kax Haraua noih! (lK-5)
:

The sentences though identical by their lexico-syntactical structure may expressdifferent ideas depending on the intonation they are pronounced with. For example: I (Ee is going home.) On nar aonro. 3 (Is he going home?) On naPr ouo? A simple question and delight may be expressed in the same words but with completely different intonation: 2 Kax ona non? (lIK-2) Xopouo. How doesshesings?Well. Ki* ona nor! (I{K-5) .{a, npexpacno!, How beautifuttyshe sings! Yes,she does.

pyccxopewr" "3nyxnr{ r4HroHauu - E.A.Epsrsrynoaa. . M., 1972.

2 3K3N, 195! 9

The centre of I4K is defined by the situation and depending on the situation can move. In some cases shifting of the I,IK centre changes the meaning of the sentence, in other casesit makes the meaning more exact. Pay attention to the changing of the meaning of the sentence if the centre of I,IK moves:
J

- Bu 6run r rearpe? 11 - a, n rearpe.

J

- Were you at the theatre? - Yes,at the theatre.

- Wereyou at the theatre? - Yes,I was. - Wereyou a the theatre? - Yes, it was me.

- Bu 6ruln r rearpe? 11 -,{a, 6rur. 3 - Bu 6u.nn B Tearpe? 11 - a, *

Ypore nepooui

1. YPOK IIEPBbIII Lesson

Vowels a [a], o [ol, y [y]o e [e], n [n], u [ul
position: [al, [o], [y], [e], [n], There are only six vowelsin stressed vowels,except[u], haveEnglishcounterparts: [u]. All Russian

a vase

"m"L"r,/\r,r@
\\ fi]'r \,Y,,/ /l apor t r ait -^Ex. 1. Read these sounds. Don't forget that Russian vowels are shorter than their English counterparts: "park', "sort", "look", "feet". In the pronunciation of the Russian [o], [y] the lips are more rounded and tense in the pronunciation of their English counterpats. a-o -y y-o -a a- 3- r r r |- 3- a a- o- y- I|- 9-

';

o -a -a t

o- o- o' !

v-v-vl

ll

Yowelu [ul
In the pronunciation of the vowel [u] the bulk-of the tolrgue is retracted from the front teeth while the back of the tongus is raised.The lips are passive, motionless. Ex 2. Readthesevowels.Watch the position of the tongue and the lips.
a-hl a-I|-bl

a-y-bI

a-e-r r-h l

a- o- y- bt- n- 9- a a- 9- I|- br - y- o- a

Syllable
In the Russian every vowel taken separateryor in combination with consonants forms a syllable.Two vowelsform two svllables. pronounce the pre-srtess The secondsyllableis to be stressed. vowel on _ the usualpitch. rower the pitch on the stressed vower. Readthe svllables.

y a! (y -a!)

ay! (a-y!)

Consonants u_[nl, 6 [1,n [nl, r [r], 0 [01, ] hl, r [rl, u [nl, r [rl, r [xl, r [al, 1g1-The Russian hard consonantscorrespond to tho Eng1i consonants. flowever, e Russianconsonant/n/ resombles the Engti 1i1 t"t m;;;; aspirated.

12

Vporc nepew

u [ul = [ml sUoke 6 [6] = [bl bearded r lnl = lpl tobacco-pipe n [nl = [vl sailingyessel

0lQl=lrl phorograph

Ex. 3. Read.Differentiate the vowels.

Ma-Me-MO-My-Mbl

6a--6s -6o-6y -6 u
tra-tre-|Io-try-trbl
BABe-BOBy-

a M-9 M-O M-W a n -e t r-o ll-y I |

a 0 - e - o - y0
Bt'l

0 a - e - $ o - Sy- Qu

- Ee!

- IIaQ!

- v0!
13

- My-ry!

Vp"- ,"p""t
Ex. 4. Read. The tip of the tongue is pressedagainst the back of the upper incisors.The consonant [r] never aspirated.

r [r] = [tl a [a] = [d]

u [x] = [n]
TA-T9-TO-Ty-Tbr

a- e- o- y- bl
Ha-H3-HO-rry-Hhr aT-3T-OT-yr TaT-TOT-Tyr

fila-ftLa-n7a

Sing with us
Ta-Ta-Ta Ta-TA-Ta TA -TA.-TA Ta -Ta

Don't forget that in the articulation of the Russian the tip /r/, /t/, /l/ of the tongue is pressedagainstthe teethridgebut againstthe bacl'of ihe upper incisors! The combinations of vowels with cnsonant always-'are fn/ pronounced as two soundsl

Ex. 5. Read.
aH - 9H. - OH H a H -H Orr-H y H A H -H A -B A H AH - TOH

Ex. 6. Read and rememberthe pronouns.

Tbf you Bb,r you
ltlbl we

is used in addressing chldren, friends

is used in addressine a number of perso as a polite form

ffiffi
Tbr you
BH yOU

Ntb| We

14

Vpor nepaw Ex.7.Read.

e [s] : c [c] : r [r] : r[xf =

[z] peasant fsl artist [gl go, grove [c,k] cloud,colour

3 a -3 it -3 ()-3 y -3 H

ca-ce-co-cy-cbr
f 8 ' r0 - ry K a -K O -K y ; A K -O K -y K

Consonants hardbefore: a, o, y, g, hr ua [ua] uo [ruo] My [My] rrre[ue] ruu [uu] Consonants hard at the end of the word: aou Consonanthard beforethe consonanthard: rycr Ex. 8. Read.

,,-'d

cold - sleep

cw - soup

YC- moustoche3oHT- umbrella - Kae

lrasl

MOpOIEH9E
15

- rcecream

cyx - branch

cor - juice

d lffiffit
/-

XiH4dE ral'.r9l
-\tt -

S-E F

@
- CAt 'tO'

oM- house, Kysr - bush Mocr - bridge

Stressed and unstressed vowels.Reduction of unstressed vowels

In Russian every word has the stress.One syllable of the word is stressed. The vowel of this syllable is stressed.Another vowels of a word are unstressed. In ordel to pronounce a stressed vowel it is not necessary to raise the pitch, one should only ntensify this sound, pronounce with more energy and longer than other sounds of a word. Listening to Russian speech it is possible to notice that while stressed vowels are distinct and denite unstressedvowels, besidesthe quality of the sounds/a/, /o/ greatlychanges.Therefore their pronunciation differs from their spelling. For example, in the word Mocrca the frrst unstressedvowel "o" is pronounced as a short sound,/a/ - /^/. ln the other unstressed syllablesa, o are pronounced as a very short sound a - u [t]: norouy /rrsr^uy/ because. ler ter A stressed At the bevowel ginningof a word
sttessed syllable

All the other unstressed syllables caoBo troToMV

SAMOK

In the absolute end of the word

MAMA 9TO

a o

lal lol

TAM

Arnn
oHa

oM

6awr, r,oa

16

Vpor nepeu
Ex. 9. Read. Pay attention to tho stress.

saux - lock

{auox - castle

part , oM (house),of, the preA word may consist only of the stressed .. stressedand stressedpafts - Mocxra (Moscow), of the stessed and postpts - KoMHara(room). The stressed stressed part consistsof only one syllable. Hayxa (scence)

pre-stressedpart

shessedpart

post-stressedpart

The pre-stressedand post-stressed parts may consist of some syllables. part of a word is usually pronounced on a middle pitch. The The pre-stressed pitch changesin the stressed and the post-stressed parts. When you name the word, in the stressed part the pitch is lowered. Ex. 10. Listen the words. Pay attention to the stress. n Bor TJn TaM oH and here here lhere he oH oH she it for neuter oro uma nna aua this, there mum dad at home

Boa waler oxx wintlow

The Genderof Nouns

Russiannouns belong to one of the three genders:masculine,feminine or neuter. Nouns denoting animated objectsare either masculineor feminine. Nouns denotinginanimateobjectsare any of the threegenders. The genderof a noun is determined by the final letter of the word: a hard consonant correspondsto the masculine nouns; the vowels a and s correspondto the feminine nouns; the vowelso and e correspondto the neuter nouns.

'

3 3'r!3 ,t lese

t7

Vpor nepaw
Masculine (m)
OH

Feminine (0
oHa

Neuter
oHo or(Ho

llr,an |taI|a oM

Arura
MAMA

Mocrna

The Nominative Case

Russian nours are declined, i.e. they take different endings on their function r the sentence.There are six casesin Russian: the nominative, the genitive, the dative, the accusative, the instrumental and the prepositional. The nominative is the first case of nouns in the article of the dictionary. The nominative denotesthe subjectin the sentenceand answersthe questions: I4thois this?Kro s.ro? 9ro Aflra. Wo is at home?Kro oua? Amra oua. In Russian there are sentencesin which the subject and predicate are expressed by the nouns in the nominative case: Arma - uaua. llsan - nana. Arrron - cun.

llran . Arron tratra cbtH Omission in the PresentTenseof the Eqvalentof the EnglishVerb "TO BE" 9ro 4ou. Thisis a house. gro I{sar. Thisis lvan. 0n oma. Ee is at home.
MAMA

Arura

The First IntonationalConstruction (lIK-l)

llalIative sentences:

IIK-I is most vividly seenwhen one express the completeness of the Thisis mummv. Sheis at hom.

9ro uama. Oua 4oua.

Fint of all it is necessary to leam to pronounce correctly e pre_ stressed, stressed and post-stressed partsof I4K-1.

18

Vpor nepew 9ro maua

pre-stressed part part, center of IIK-I stressed post-stressed part

a. Yes.

9ro Anron. He is Antony. Kounara. Room.

The center of I{K- 1 (one syllable) is always in the new part of the part is pronounced on the usual pitch. The specific utternce.The pre-srtessed feature of I4K-l is lowering the pitch in the stressedpart. The post-stressed prt is pronounced on a iower pitch than the usual one. (In transcription the irtonation is denotedby the numberslIK1,2,3... abovethe centerof l{K).

Ero AHfla.

OHa oua.

Ex. 10. Read these sentences paying attention to the intonation. llllt

9ro onr. Ox ryr. gro xycr. 0n ryr. Dro uocr. Os rau. ll gro uaua. Ona ryr.

Bor om. Tyr nrocT .

Tau rycr. ll 9ro Anna. Ona aoua.

Dro nala. Bor oH. 1l 9ro I{nan. llnan oua. tl 9ro Anron. On aorua.

Ex. 11. Read the texts, paying attention to the intonation. 11 11 a) Mu gonra.I,I nu 4oma. B) AHHaoua. I{ Inan oua. We are at home. And you are at home too. ll ll 6) Manra oua. l trtraoMa. r) 0H aonra.I,I ona 4oua. Ex. 12. Readthe text. 9ro Anna. gro I,Inan. gro Anron. Mu 3Haxouu. (We are acquaintecl.)

,J'

19

Jt, Cq 32, o9", -*,6{97),,,% g/2, .F4,9V*, .ffo, 3a ?o %, ffa

Ha) *,K, 'y',ra) nty',,%., *, goo, M. .

9*o*... &*t -//"t.

o9*o *r-.. gt".'/aw.

Honework

9*o

-4t*. "%".

l. Pronounceand write thesewords: AHna, ?InaH,Mocxna,oKHo,Boa. 2. Where do you pronouncea short faint sound [a]? MocIGa, oH, Bo,qa, ero, Arura, AHToH,Bor, oMa,oKHo,Kor. 3. Transcribe(represent) the letten a, o by the phonetic symbol [n/r] Mocrna, gyu, Or, coK, Boa, Kycr, [ana. 4. Write the genderof thesenouns: coK, cyI, Boa, Kycr, Mocr, rIatta, Iraaua, oM,oKHo,Mocr<na, Arnor. 5. Translate into Russian: We are at home. And you are at home. It is Anna. It is lvan. It is Anton. We are acquainted. Here the house.Here the room. Anna, Ivan and Anton are at home. 6. Fill in the necessary characters to read following words:
M__*_, o__o, M_ _ T , c_FI

7. Cross out superluous characters to read the latent here words: a 6 n ra o u e x3r .r KoKHo l rB a H MJrK pcaHHar Oy 6 n n <[rK H MaHToHcaM o 8. Write new words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.

20

Vpor amopo

2. YPOK BTOPO Lesson

I [.rt] The Hard Consonant
The articulation of the Russian[r] differs from that of the English [/ ] not againstthe teethridge,but in the following: the tip of the tongue is pressed the backof the upperincisors. against The sounds the syllables. Pronounce [tl' [a], [nl' [r]' [r]' [o]' [yl help you to pronouncethe consonant[l] hard. rKa o-no - ono xla Ta - a - Ea - Jra
m - ,4o - EO - JIO KJIO JIXO y - iry - yJry

Ty-ry

-Fy-ny

Kn y
trJIII

nrry
JIKI

TI - ,UbI - TT - JIbI Te-19-tr9-JI9

andwords. syllables Ex. 1.Readthese lrrmra. rla - rr - JIa

JIE - JI9 - JT9 MOJIOTO

alayy
A MUK

Jro - Jro - Jro Jry - Jty - Jry

J IE I-J Ib | .J Ih |

srro xJlacc sa:r cmn cryn

a word a classroom a hall a table a chair

- an - aJr on - oJr - oJt yn - yn - yn

bIJI - b|JI - bUI gJI - 9JI . 3JI

paying attentionto the intonation. Ex. 2. Read the senteces llll

Oro cron.II em cmr. 11 Oro cryr. II ero cryl.

9ro san.lI sm san. 11 9m lanma.II ero lalma'

The Plural of Nouns

The plural form of the masculineand feminine nouns is formed by the ending -u uocr - uos
---___\ \\ ./- _/-

rwarX+ u:rnnaru final consonantof the stem is hard

2l

Iul.

Ex. 3. Readthe words payingattentionto the pronunciation of the sound

caa - caar . 3oHT - 3onTbr uocr - mocr: croJr- croJrbr

garden(s.,pl.)

craxx - craxnu xuxara - xuuaru 6jxra - 6!xnu .nmna - .rrunu

glass(s., pl.) room(s.,pl.) leter (s.,pl.)

The Second IntonationalConstruction (llK-Z)

sentences with an interrogative word (for example:"KTO,, (who), ,,KOI./{/r', (when):

I4K-2 is vividly seen while expressinga question in the interrogative

Kro
Center of l4K-2

tr

Whois his? Post-stressed part

Pay attention to the intonational scheme of the sentence with an interrogativeword. The pre-stressed part is pronounced on the usual pit"h. i; cortrast to zK- l the stressedpart is pronounced with a stronge*od .tr.r, which is marked in the seme by a small square. The post-itressea prt is pronounced on the lower pitch than the usual one as in ?IK_2.
u

Kro TJ"r? Whois here?

Kro 4orua? Wo is at home?

Ex' 4' Pay attention to the intonational schemes. The center . of trre intonational construction is defrned by the situation and dependirrg on t; situation can move. The changing of rhe center of krK-r, r-z rc ir.'. mearung of the sentence more exact: Kro orua? and Kro aonra? In the rnterrogative sentence the word KTO is predicate of a question, i.". t exspresses the queon designing what is being asked about. The answr to the question can be short or full. If the full answer is glen the center will be alwayson the word A.n.rra. The intonational center of an answerdependson the mtenogative word of a question ,,<ro',:

2l Kro ero? gro A;ura. Kto ryr? Tyr ,rua. 2l Kro onra? Alla aorua.

Ex. 5. Make up the sentences asin the modelof the Ex.4 usingthese words: Anna, Irau, Arron, uaua, [atra, cbul, TaM,Tyr, ero, AoMa!KTo.

22

Ex. 6. Read the dialogues. Pay attention to the intonational center of

uK-2.

2 - Kax Bacsoryr?

Whatis your name?

r2
- ..rura. A xax Bac soryr? I - Marc. The center of klK-2 is the questionwas changedbut the predicateof the question(what is being askedabout)remained: this is the word KAK. If you you will change the centerof I4K-2 address differentpeoplewith this question You can ask: in everynew question. 1) - Kax Bac eoryr? 2 2) - Kax Bac ronyr? 2 Kax Bac 3) eonyr? - fuua. - '.rua. - A.ma.

wil be the same"A,T.,a". The answer to all thse drentquestions Remember Names: Towns: Rivers: Anna,A,r.ra,(f) I,[nal, Arffon, Maxc (m) Mocxra, y6u,T.na Mocxra, Bara, Ox, flox

-/naztur a,n&, a,fcer cnn,t, ryo,u,

,ra-4fln6,t Jo *

rtu'l,uanz.,

-* -, -46t A' 0.434 6,,'

9*o -da-,(a-,fl.-e. 9*ogo-*. &* **. n9*o.1or-. .Lr*. "9;

Ifomework l. Write in plural form:
MOCT, CTOJI,IAMIIa, 3AJI.

2. Write the genderof nouns: . cJIoBo, croJr,Bolra, rama, rutacc,Mocxna,Marc, MoJIoKo. 3. Write the Russiannames. 4. Transcribe:
9TO, KlIaCc, clloBo, oKHO.

5. Translate into Russian: Who is this? This is Alla. Sheis at home. Who is this?This is Max. He is at home. 6. Look at the picture (ex. 6) and write the sentences. 7. Crossout superfluous characters to readthe latentherewords: 6a:rs roMH a r a H
yB o n fa a n trM bla Mo n o K o 3 crr r r 6 8. Write ne words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.

24

Irsson 3. YPOK TPETIIII

rn [ul, xr [x] The Hard Consonants
The consonants[m], [x] are invariably hard. by the the Englishconsonantrepresented The consonant[m] is resemble the English consonantin letters sh in shop,shell.T\e consonsnt[x] resembles than their English are harder pleasure. The Russian the word [n], lxl The consonant counterparts. [x] is voicedand [m] is voiceess. wordsand sentences. Ex. l. Readthe syllables, a a a a a a ma ue m mo my mu [ma] [ms] [mol [mo] [Ey] [urH] a a a a a xa xe x xo )Ky x [xa] [xe] [xo] [xol [xyl [xotl

N N

uto
J(CIL

3'o CL..
Names: Canra Maua

Ero M"t..

Karp
book case

MAbIIII

baby

(m,fl pet nameof "Alexander" (fl pet nameof "Mary"

PronounsEMIII our(s), BNII your(s) Possesive

S

Plural
CTOJI HAI|II{ CTOJIbI JIAMIIbI BAIUI| OmA

masculine feminine neuter

HAM. BA

HAIIIA, BAIIA JIAMA

Bae or(Ho

4 3rrdr J\i 1959

25

Yporc mpemu Ex. 2. Read, paying attention to the intonation. 9ro Ham cHH. Oro Haua MaMa. 9ro rama KoMHara.Ero raunr KaOu. gro naru cry.n.

Who is it? Kro sro? Oro Canra.

What is it? vro (uro) {ro ero?*

.--(4iEJr40-

&
2 9ro sro?
1

rfro arol
I

Irro raml
,Tr

ero uamrna, car

3ro uaurnxnr-

Ia

oxno-

vr ,y'l Ty n *.r1.
cupboards

cars

window

K'ro aro? Dro {xoH.

'(_-

b-, -} I

Kro aro?

t7

ero,{xyu.

Ex. 3. Read the dialogue,paying attention to the intonation.

26

Vporc mpemu

2ll - Kax Bacsoryr? 112 - Arsa. Ilran. A KaKBacaoByr?

1 21 - ,{xox. :rytr. A f,ro 9ro?

1 - Om naurcbrn,Cartra. 9ro Maua. 11 - A ero saav vxvrrm,Amox.

- Mu gsaxourr.

Voiced and YoicelessConsonants

mav be voiced and voiceless. You know some of Russianconsonants theseconsonants already.
Voiced

6 n r n xr
nr r IIr c

MHJID

voiceless

As you can see the voiced consonantsr, M, E, p have no pairs. In the pairedsounds may pass from one to another"losing", or "gaining" speech voice. Thesechanges dependon the position of a sound in a word and on neighbouring consonants. 1. Voiced consonants are pronouncedas voiceless at the end of the word: c [car] a garden Hox lnourl a kntfe rury6 [rc.nynl a club 2. Voicedconsonants become voiceless beforevoiceless consonants: .nxrca a spoon [.nurrctl become voiced before all voiced consonants 3. Voicelessconsonants p, except .r, M, n, B: a railway station norsn [rnrr.nl what k your name ? KaKBacsoqr [xar rar rnnfr] thisis our house 9ToaamoM[9rl nax,qonr] 4. Before Jr, M, E, p and r the voicelessconsonantsare pronouncedas voiceless: a word c.nno [ursrl 5. The consonantr, M, H, p are pronouncedas voiced before the voiceless consonants; they don't havevoiceless counterparts: 6rxa [6.rrrcrl roundbread

6. It is important not to confuse the voiced consonants with the voiceless they often dierentiatethe meaningof the words: consonants because aside-aport asa 6opr - nopr - Oasa avase- aphase xap - trap hit - aglobe m - Kor ayear - a cat

z7

Ex. 4. Read. 1t 9ro namou. Oro sam cror. gto rama lo:m<a. 9ro nau c44. Oro nam nrry6. Bor sa uox. Ex. 5. tnok at the picture. What is Sashaand Antony saying,when showingtheir room to John and Jane.

Ex. 6. Look at the picture. What is Masha saying, when showing her school and classroom to John and Jane?

tnx;ra

,qoc

school

blackboard

28

Ypoxmpemu

lhu, Q,k,or*, a.ugt, (r^q frtu, ozce, ,,tw; Jy'rc,

ctn, wy, ??cu; .Jurrm, uf,,t(tr, 0{a,4(t0, 0{6l,trra,

o{a/uL(t, fra*t, 6q*ra, tro..4L. 9^, ,*rr*

/ra,orrn, 6onuw. 9or*

*oo

to"0ttuanL(2. 97(o,^, omrL urgr.

9**

g)"r, r*orro ann,.,tt.

ouru.,r'Lrarc. 9o,*

Homework L Put the pronouns [artr, xaa, Ba[r, BaIua,traue, Ba[e, Hatm, Balrrrl beforethesewords: MocKBa,ca, oKHo,Hox, Borra, naa, Anna, urxa$u, JroxKa,
oM, KoMHara, MaIITI{Ha, cbIH, oKHa, uxon (school)

2. Make theseplural:
BAIII CTOJI, HaUI Ca, HAIUa MatUIIHa, BaIUa KOMHaTa, BaIIe OKiO.

3. Write the gender of thesenouns:

c;roro, uxaQ,
MAITI,IHA,

IIrKoJIa, Icracc, cbIH, JroxKa, KoMHara, oKHo,

MJIbIII.

4. Transcribe:
JroxKa, BoK3aJI, MaIrIIiHa, ca, IIrKoJIa, r<.,ry6,clono, nox.

5. Translate into Russian: Who is this? This is our son, small child Antony. What is your name? (My name is) Alla. We are acquainted. What is this? This is our school. Here is garden. our There is our huse.This is our room. 6. Write Russianand English names. 7. Crossout superluous characters to readthe latent here words: K___c c ___o K_____a u__$ ru _a 8. You want to describea houseor a room. What known Russianwords would you use?Write them. 9. Translate the words and write them down in the picture under the numbers. room (1) windows (2) house(3) garden(4)

10.Write new words in alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.

Ypox uemeeomu

I.esson4. YPOKqETBEPTbII
The Hard Consonant p [p]
The Russian hard consonant ipl is produced by the vibration of the tongue which gives seriesof taps against the front of palate. The tip of the tongue is not toumed backwardsunlike the English sound rendered by the letter "r" in the words"reit", "right,'. Ex. l. Read: wpo mornmg 6ptr brother

pyr, friend tropra fumd ()

mp caviar

cropr xyp

sport maga1ine

Ex. 2. Readthe sentences. Make thesesentences interrogative.

I Ero nam6par. I Oro nanr par Anron.

I gro naur4pyr. 'l gpyr 9m sa Maxc.

I 9ro namarropyra. 1 Om saua lo,qpyrai.rna.

30

Vporc uemeepnani

q [q] The Hard Consonant

The sound [u] is a compiex sound, an affricate. At the beginning of the articulation the front part of the back of the tongue is pressedagainstthe upper teeth. At the next moment the tongue is removed from the teeth forming a narrowing. These elements of the articulation immediately follow each other producing one complex sound [q]. The consonant [q] resemblesthe English sound in "boots". The consonant [q] is voicelessand hard in all positions. Ex. 3. Read. u a - q a -q a qo-qo-uo q y - u y - {y q - qr - n [q51] t l b r - q h l -u b r q e ' q e - q e [u 3 ] a |l -au- aq o q -o{ - oq y[-y u- yq Irq -r |q- m l
9q-3q-eq

* ;* t
rre [u3]

Ex. 4. Read the syllables, words and the sentences.Differentiate the prononciation of [r], [c] and [a]. c a - T a -q a
-T3-q9 cbr-Tb|-qbl
TaHqbl

cqeHa qnpK KOEqepT qelrrp

dances stage circus concert centre

9ro ui6. Bm cuxa.T!"r xorupr. A rau rnuu.

Ex. 5. Pay attention to the intonation.

2 9ro bro? 1 Oro poea.

3l

Vpoxvemeepmot

2 Kro ero? I pu6a. Oro

The Third IntonationalConstruction tIK-3

LIK-3 is most vividly seen while expressing the question in the interrogativesenteflces without an interrogativeword.
^

The pre-stressedpart is pronounced on the normal pitch. We begin to pronounco the stressedpart on a higher pitch than tle unstressedone. This specific feature of IIK-3 presents great diffrculty for foreignen. Within the centre of IIK the pitch beginsto fall. The post-stressed part is pronounced on a lower pitch. The answer can be short or full. As we see in the full answer tho centre of.llK-l changesdependingon the centre of IIK-3 in the question. gro no4pyna?,{a, sro tropyrtr.,{a, no4pyra. [a. The shifting of the cenrre of IIK-3 and the centre of IIK-I in the answer: changesthe meaning of the question

3 - Oro nag 6par? I

-,{a, ero nam 6par. (Or: No, this is ourfriend) Ex. 6. Read:

- gro .nanl6par? .

-.{a, ero nam 6par. (Or: No, this s myfriend's brouther)

3r1l
a) 9ro 6par?.{,a,.ero6par. .{a, 6par. gro apyr?.{a, ero pyr.a, pyr. Oro cux?.{a, ero cHx. [a, cun. 3tl 6) 9ro ram 6par?.{a, 6par. 9ro sanrorn? .{a, cun. 9ro ram pyr?, pyr.

3l

Vpox uemeepmu

3
B) '.IUIA OMa?

,la, A;lra gonra. ,{a, ona4oua. ,{a,4oua. ll

(long ago, long since) Oua arno oMa?4, pa;r;o.

311
r) Brl 3traKolrbr? a, MbrsxaKouhr.

1 gro IIIypa. Names: Towns: Riven: IIIypa I 9m I,Ipa.

3 9ro ltrypa? 11 a, IIIypa. 3 Ero llpa? 11 !2, VIpt.

vpa

(m) pet nameof Alexander (f) pet name of Irina

Eparcr, Canrapxan4 Arrapa, Arrryp

payingattentionto the intonation: Ex. 7. Readthe wordsand the dialogue, pasnoBop Topr cake convenation cbrp cheese yrKe already motrcro milk pvrtu frut yrpo! Good morning 3aarpatr breakfast o6poe Paororop

2
-,{o6poe yrpo! 22 yrpo! -,,[o6poe ,{xyn, Bu yxe 3 snarolr? ll - ,[a, urr yxe gnaxouu. 11 Dro IIIypa. 9ro IIpa. 122 - A rm na BaBpar. ,{xyn, rro gro?

5 3r!3 ]& l!59

JJ

I - 9ro p[6a. I - a.

22 - .{xon, a ero qro? 112 - 9ro rxpa. A em cup. A sro sm? l1 gro ropr. A ero Qpyrrrr. 2 - Eparo,flxyr! 1 - A ero roQe? 11 - ,[a, ero rorfe. A Bor MoJroKo. IIK-2 is usedwhile expressing the address exclamation. The rise of the pitch in the stressed part is vividly expressed here.

gF gpp/U %% *,(4oWtri*(4e

p"4t4*
ctMfuM, /^rt,
9^,

%Vo r^,ilW,
(4eH/nF, (4t45n.

G,,M. %nL tbiln. 97:

Homework

l. Write the Russian names. 2. Divide thesenouns into masculine,feminine, neuter genders: 6par, cup,.rroplra,rtrt,rpK, r{Kpa,ueuTp,crlena,paeronop, I4prytcr, pu6a, Aurapa. 3. Transcribe: rIeHTp, cbru, MoJroKo, arponoM(agronomist), yrpo, Hox, ur4pK, rropyra,pyr, ca,uauto (butter\. 4. Answerthe questions: Kro sro? 9ro Baur 6par? On arponou?

J+

5. Translateinto Russian: - What is your name? - Max. And your? - John. Is this your friend? - Yes, this is my friend Ivan. 6. Write known to you Russian words, meaningfood. 7. Fill in the necessay characters to read following words:
M O.C D.M O.K E.T T

8. Translate the words and write them down in the oicture under the numbers: 1) magazin 2) knife 3) fish 4) breakfast

9. Write new words in alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.

5*

Iesson5. yPOK ILflTbIIi

The Hard Consonant x [x]
If you pronouncethe sound [rl and then slightly rower the back of the tonguekeepingit rounded,the sound [x] will be produced.The Russiansound [x] is voiceless. Ex. l. Read: 3 K a-x a-x a-x
r O-X O:X O-OX

- TYr xo;rono?

K y -x y -x y -y x K e-x e-x e-3x

r1

xonoHo

cold

- a, ryr xonotro. 3 - 9ro xoporno? 1 - 9m nroxo.

xopom
IIJIOXO

well bad

The Soft Consonant []

The Russian consonantthe Englishconsonant [] resembles rendered by the letterY in the words'yes', *yout, ,,your.

tI

Ex. 2. Read:

Y
" uoft my (m) uo 30nT
rso your (m) rno SOHT

a-a

Vpoxnnnot

afi

oM home

ar -a

t"1
Mofi - Mo
TBO . TBOII

ny (sng.,pl.) your (sing.,pl.)

t"l.

- gro uo pyr MaKc. - 9ro. uo 6par Arron.

3 - Dto rro 6par? 11 - a, ero no 6parArrox.

The letter at lhe end of the syllable denotes the feeblesound[z]. Exercises l. Give the questions KIO OTO? and9TO 9TO? a) ero Mocroa. Oro qenrp. Oro qupr. Oro 6par. 9ro rcyr. 9ro a{norar. 6) 3ro uaur.uou.9ro HarraKoMHara. Oro uor 6par Caura. A gro Maura. 2. Give the plural of the words:
KOMHaTA, CTOJT, CTAKaH, rypHaJI, JIAMITa, BA3A, pO3A, 3OHT, MUIIIIHA, CIIeHA, arpOHOM, TOpT, IIIKOJIa, ArISOKAT, KOHrIepT.

3. Pur MOI - MOI. TBO - TBOII beforethe words: ... 6par, ... x(ypH.urbr, ... po3br, ... pl.T, ... oM,

... cTaKaH, ... 3aBTpaK, .., gxaKaHbr, ... Hox, .,. HoxI4, ... MuIIru, ... Mallblun,...Marrlr{Hbr,... urxa(!, ... ror.

4. Put OH, OIIA or OHO: Oro nana. ... oMa. 9ro rvror plr IIIypa. ... aBoKar. 9ro naura [opyra l'Ipa. ... 4orr.la. Bo:r naur Hox. ... T5.r. Bor raura Jro)KKa.... Tvr.

JI

L,etters , e, ro, e
The vowel letters s, , rc, e are pronounced in two ways: l. As the names of these letters, in the separate position, at the beginning of a word, after a vowel and after the letters: th" letters l, , ro, ' ", " e denote two sounds: [] and the correspondingvowel [a], [o], tftyl, Iel. 2. The stressed fl, , tro,e following a consonartare pronouncd s [a1, respectively, but the precedingsoft consonant lnds them u ,p""io [o], [y], [e] soft quality. Don't pronounce the consonant [] in these syllables! Ex. 3. Read: a) 4 , to, e [a], [fio], [y, [gl n - I (me) 6) r6.roxo apple r eM I eat lxa New Tear tree IOpa Yura n) nror [una] nro [uno] my (mine) _ feminine - neuter

TBofl your - feminine rr;o (yours) _ neuter

2 r) - {a nxr,noxarycra!

The letter denotes always the stressedsyllable.

a) - a,,noxarycra, lbno*ot
- Iloxalyicm! Give me the apple, please!

- Iloxanycra ! Giveme the knife,please!

Possessive Pronouns t anll 2 personsSingular Personal Pronounce

Masculine
Tbt
fl Tbl

Possessive Pronouns Feminine

Singular TBocron
MOrr cToJtbl TBOII CTOJIbI TBO- JIAMtrA
TBOE OKHO

Neuter

Plural
MOI| NAMII T TBOI| JIAMtrbI

MOI| Ot(Ita TBOII OIIA

pronouns take the gender and number of the nouns . - Th" possessive which they quality. The pronounsMorr,Tlor are usedfor prurarof all genders Ex. 4. Readthesewords: uo lana MO MAMA uo cun rno par rro 4pyr
MOr trOpyra
TBO' Jtofl(a TBO' KOMHATA TBOe OKHO- TBOrr Otra

MOE OKHO - MOII OKHA

38

payindattentionto IlK-l and IIK-2: Ex. 5. Readthe sentences, 22 - I[m sm? - Km sro? I I - 9ro mo soET. - Om Mocuu. Ex. 6. Read,payingattentionto the intonation. 322 6) - [Ipa, xro em? a) 9ro rno cun? I 1111 6par. 9ro uo -,{a, ero uo cnn.,[a, cull. 2 3 gro - Kax ero soryr? rrofi,upyr? ? Whatis his name 1r -,{a, eto uo 4pyr. I 2 roryr IOpa. Ero - Km rBo pyr? His nameis Yura. I - 0u arponou. (agronomist)

2 ero? n) - A;ua, KTo 1 - 9ro lror tropyra. 2 - Kar e zonyr?Wat is hername?

I - E soryr VIpa. Her nameis lra. 3 (astronomer) - llpa acrpoxonr? ll - a, IIpa acr?onoM. Ex. 7. Readthe dialogue.
r cJry|llaro q rrgy oruo I am listening I am going home I am waiting

3 r) - K)pa arpouonr? 11 rpoxoM. - a, trOpa

z)

4) - Marc, Bu arpoxou? t - .f, arpouou. 3 e) - IIIypa, Bu aruoxar? 1l

- a, aroxar. (advocate)

rx(ry

Name: Towns: Rivers:

Iopa 6yxapa,ary, tna ,{yna (Dunabe)

Maua u Mawa. Paseoaop. - Arr'rro! tl - a, s cJryralo. 2l - Marra, sto x. I

Ea,a.
11

- Marr,ra, s lry otuo.

11 Maua, r >r,4y. - Xoporuo,

39

(What kind of... xaxo, xaxar, xaxoe) The Hard StemAdjectives.

masculine xaxo? xoshr -rr 6o.mnro -o Singular feminine xaxar?
HOEa 6orlnraq
HOBA OOJIb|A

neutef Kaxoe?
-a -fl.
HOBOE

. noru ypox 6olrnro aou

urJrbmoe

-oe -oe

OYI(BA KOMHATA

HOBOe C,IOBO

ooJlbtt|oe o|(Iro

QuestionandAnswers
1. Kaxooro xrypnan? 9ro nonu xypflan. Kaxaqero nauna? 9ro nogaxrauna. Karoe ero cloro? gto noroe groro. 2. KaxoTaMMosr? Talr nonn uocr. Kaxaxrau naMna? Talr noras rauna. Kaxoerau oxxo? Tam6olrmoe oxno. llhat kind of magafine is this? Thisis a newmagaline. Wat kind of lampis this? Thisis a newlamp. Wat kind of wordis this? This is a new word. Wat bridgeis there ? Thereis a newbidge. Whatlamp is there ? Thereis a new lamp. What windowis there ? Thereis a large window.

An adjective answersthe question xaro, xaxal, xaxoe ,,what?,,. ,,what kind of ...?", which agreewith the noun that it quaiifiesin gender, number arrd case.In the nominative singularmasculineadjectiveshave an unst;essedendins -u or a stressed ending -o: nonu om _ 6ollmo oM HoBg yn[qa - 6omaq yr[{a HoBOq oxrro - 6onrntoe oxno In the masculine adjectivesafter the hard consonantsE, x the stressed ending -o and unstressedending -n are written as: 6o*mo - xopo'ru. The neuter adjectives take the endings -oe and -ee: 6oannoe - *opo,ua.. Feminine adjectives have the ending -ar: 6ommac - xopolrrafl.

Functions ofAdjectivesin a Sentence

In the sentence the adjective may be used as an attribute (a) or a predicate (6). An adjectiveused as an attribute usually standsbefore the noun it qualifies: a) 9ro 6ommar KoMEara. It is a large room. Eo,rrmax KoMHararaM. The large room k there.

6) Koruxara o.trmar. Theroom is large. Mor xouna.ra 6o,rrmas. My room is large.

40

Pay attention to the omission of the equivalentof the English verb "to tense. be" in the present Ex. 8. Read the sentences,paying attention to the gender of the adjectives. 9ro 6orruras crpana (counlry). 9ro 6o.ururo ropo4. (town) 9ro nonrrfi ropog. Ero crapr ropo. Oro HoBasInKoJra.Oto crapa,r 9ro 6omruo 4oIra.9ro craprr ou' Oro nonrr olr. 9ro ruKoJra. 6omrua,s KoMHara.Dro 6olrure orcro. 9ro 6olluro crol. 9ro 9ro nosrr xlpnan. Ero 6olsuro craKau. JraMna. HoBaJI Ex. 9. Answerthe questions. Karas gro crparla? Kaxor sro ropol? Karax 3ro lKgra? Karo sro oilr?Karas sro roMnara? Kaxoe ero orno? Karo sro ctor? Kaxa Kaxo gro craKau? 9ToraMna? Karo ero )KypHan? usingthesewords.Model ex.9: interrogative Ex. 10. Make the sentences urxa$, urxola. Topr, 16:roro, MaIITI'IHa, ca,Mocr, cJroBo, by model. and answer Put the questions Ex. 11.Readthe sentences. pyr. Model: - Kro ero? - 9ro uotHoBbI - Ero sonYrIOPa. - Kar ero 3oByr? - 9ro Irao pyr IIIypa. Oro uos no,qpyraI4pa.

9*o -iln{/*r* 8* N'y*

rt^//a&o, i, fl,n, f*, 6, ,ffi*, Nqrxr@, on*, i1.,fla,. 'fl "* "t"r*. 'fl ugg ga"rc.

,7CV-

Homework l. Definethe genderof nouns: lOpa,6par, Hox' Boa' ropr, cnoBo, 16roro, apyr, nra, MoJroKo, 2. Replacethe words HAIII, BAItr by the words NfO, fSO:
Balua KoMHaTa, HaIII OM, Ha[ra Ma[I]IHa' BaII pyr, BalIIe cnoBo.

to theseanswers: 3. Put the questionscorresponding

6 3!sa.

l$ 1959

4l

9ro Drosflopyra. E eonyr Ma:ua. gro rr.ro .{pyr. Ero :onyr IOpa.
4. Make plural: HaIIr ca, Mo xypnar, BarrraKoMlrara, Ttsoolcro, BaIIre cJroBo. 5. Transcribe:
XoJIO.$IO, XOpOIIIo, KoMrIATa, fiOpyra, JIoXK, Ca, MonoKo, p]h.

6. Translate into Russian: a) This is Moscow.This is a centre . I am goinghome.Tnis is my house . Thesearemy windows.This is my room. 6) This is our school. This is our classroom.what is this? This is our table. who is this? This is my friend. what is his name? His name is sastra. Who is this? This is my friend. What is her name?Her name is Ira. 7. Fill in the necessary characters to read following words: X * ----o, x-__. o, M_ -__a, c___o. 8' Translatethe words and write them down in the picture under the numbers: 1) friend (f) 2) friend (m) 3) agronomist 4) advocate

9. Write new words in alphabetical order in the special notebook.

6. YPOK IIIECTOI Lesson

TheSoftConsonants [6'], [n'1,[n'1,['1,[nr'],[n'1,[r'], h'l
In the syllables Ha, Tar ar 64, na, na, $a, ua the consonaltsare hard. s w,T,M, 6fl, 1, ni,Sr, rux the consonantsare soft. In the syllable When pronouncing hard consonants the back part of the tongue is drawn back and raise as for the vowel [u]. That is why we can say that Russian hard consonants have "H" - like hue. Soft consonants differ from hard consonants in pronunciation by some additional articulation: the middle part of the tongue is raised to the palate and the whole tongue is a bit protruded. After soft consonantswe write letters r, , rc, e, n, and r. The tip of the tongue is is denoted by [']. lowered. In transcription the softness

na [ua] rrro[mo] My ['y] ue [me] ruu [nru]

rur [u'a] u [u'o] uro [u'y] ue [u'e] ntr [nr'u] u 6 n n 0ar H 3 c n p l<rx
x( |nq
---q' l l '

hardconsonants
soft consonants

M'6'[tBtQttT'H'3'c','p'K'f'x'

Ex. 1. ListenJ compare the pronunciation of the hard and soft consonants. a) xa - nr, Ta - Ty', a. - M, 6a - 6s, Ir - trr, Ba - B, 0a - s, Ma - Mr, 3a - 3r, ca - cr, pa - p, Jra - Jrr. 6) rur - fin, Tbr - Tn, u - n, 6u - 6n, nu - trn, Bbr- Bn, 0n - n, Mbr- Mn, 3br - 3n, cbr - crl, pbr - prl, Jrbr- JrH. Ex. 2. Read. Watch the position of the tongue, when pronouncing the soft consonants.
II'-HE -Hrc-HE -HII rr-'r-Tn-Te-Trl ln-r;- ro- e- n
HET NO KHITA

He

not they

Tearp eTrl cTyerff cyelrrKa

book theatre children student (m) student (fl

43

Ex. 3. Read these dialogues,paying attention to the intonatron.

3 a) - 9ro xnnna? l1 - Hel, sto Her<Hrrra.

ll

9ro rrypnal. A ror xrura. 3 gro Baua xlrura? 1t - [,a, uor.

6) - IIIypa, Bu mylenr? l1 - t, s cryenr. 3 - lpa cryaenrxa? 11 - [a, oxa roxe cryeHTK a. (r6xe _ atso)

TheNegative Answers to the euestion with I{K_3

The negative partic]e "HE' s unstressed and is attached in . pronunciation to the word which follows it.

9ro rotua? Het, ero Hexnura. On cryerr?' H9r, on HecryenT. Ox yxe a,lr3oxar. gro a) rre Baruaxmtra, a Mos. r) - 9ro ne pyr, a 6par.

a) ) -

Is this a book? No, this is no a book. (No, it is not). Is he a sudent? No, he is not a sudent. He is an advocatealreatlvThis is not your book. It-ismine. This is not a friend, but a brother. _.2 No, it is not ...

HET '
9ro xypnalr? Her. Hm, ero HexryprraJt. 3ro ue xrypHaJr?

yes,...
Is it a magazine ? No, isnl. No, it isn't a magaTine. Isn't it a magazine ?
Y:tf! it a magaline. (yes, it ilJ.

44

Vpox u.ecmo

Ihe Letter "r" The ietter r (soft sign) indicatesthe softnessof the preceding consonant. In the transcription the softnessof the consonantis denoted by [']. trrcbMo a letler, MacJro a butter 6par a brother 6parr o take After the consonantsbefore the letters , , ro, e, rl the soft signs shows that the preceding coirsonant is soft and these vowel letters are pronouncedas two sounds:[a], [o], [ry], [fte] and [u].
Mb [m'a]

rur [m'fio]

urro [m'fty]

nte [nr"e]

urn [u'r]

Ex. 4. Differentiate the consonantsin these syllables.Pay attention to the oronunciation of the svllablesrc - Tbr.

ar - arb or - orb yr - yb
gr - grb lr - nrb

[ar'l [or'l [yr']

[er'] [nr']

Ta

Tt

- TIit

Tb

[ra] ['r'a] [r'na] [r'a] To - r - rrr - rr [ro] [r'o] [r'uo] [r'o]

Ty - Tto - Tnrc -

Tbro

tryl
T3

[r'y]
-Te

[r'dy]
- TI|e - THn

[r'y]
Tbe

lrsl
Tbr -

[r's]
Tlt

[r'ns]
[r'nu]

[r'e]
Tbtl

[rn]

['r'x

[r'n]

In pre-stressedsyllables the lettea I, e &e pronounced as the sound resemblingboth [n] and [e], In transcription it is denoted ['n].

re.re$n cecrp ceur ,qpcqrb

[r'n",r'rSo] [c'xcr:pl [c'un'] ['c'nr']

a telephone a sister a family ten

In the post-stress syllables"s" is read as [rl, a very short sound resembling the sounds[a] and [u].

rrr
MM

ar'.'nl
[a''r

'

an aunt an uncle

Ex. 5. Read these words. Nouns which ending is "b" may be euther mascuneor feminine. Their gender must be memoe d. masculine
eHb

feminine a day Good Terpab

MATb

enr!

a copy-book a mother

45

cBab0a(wedding) cBab6a

mars (mother), oreg (father),

Terra(children), cenw (family)

2l - Kax Bacsonyr? - Menr ronyr Tarrsxa. 2tl Kro ero?- 9ro uox marn. 9ro mooreq. 3113r - Oro Bamulenr? -,{a, ero Mon u Baanu. ern.Hnxo.la 311
- Oro Bam 6par? - Her, 9ro Mo cllH.

Ex. 6. Read the sentences paying attention to the intonation.

2 -.4 rro ero? 31 - 9ro uor rlx (aunt) t uot nnls funcle). 3 - 9ro rama cegma? lll - .{a, cecrpa.E ooryr Huna.
Y nac r 6par? 1l .{a, y nrexr ecrl par. I Ero roryr Baarru.

Have you gor a brother? yes,I have. IIis name is Vadim.

3 V re6r esrb cecrpa?

ll .{a, y nenr ecrb cecrpa. I

Haveyougota sister?
yes, I have.

E soryr H[a.

Her nameis Nina.

46

Vpox u'recmo

The Verbs. The TensesofYerbs Russianverbs have the pressnt tense, the past tense and the future tense. Russian verbs belong to one of two principal conjugations: the first "e"conjugation and the second "tt"-conjugation. The ves of first "e"conjugation take on the letter "e" in the present tense endings -y (-ro), -erul, -er, -eM, -ere, -yr(-ror:). The verbs of second "u"-conjugation take on the -y(-rc), -[rrlb, -nr, -nM, - Te, -ar(-ar). Ietter "n" in the presenttenseendings: on the patternof 3HATb (to verbsareconjugated Many Russianlst conjugation know); for ex. IEIIATb (to do), PAEOTATb (to work). Many Russian 2nd conjugationverts are conjugatedon the pattem of IOBOPIITb. It is neceSsary to remember the pattem of the every verb, because the 1st and 2nd conjugations have many pattems: 3HATb, IIIICATb (to write), EPATb (to take), TAHIIEBATb (to dance), ABATb (to give) are the verLrs of lst conjugation, but they have many features. The presenttense of the Russianverb cortespondsto the English Presont Indefnite, PresentContinuos and PresentPerfect. The Conjugation of the Verb SHATb (to know'1. The Present Tense q sHaro [a 3Hary] Tbrgnaeb [rn snarnru']
O H\

MbrBHaeM Bbr3naere ourr gHarcT

[nrtr snalunr] [mr snalnrn] [oH'n ruanyr]

olz oHo

snaer [snanrr ]

In the unstressed sylablesafter vouwel the letters ro and e are [uy] and

[{nl Ex. 7. Read tlese sentences. 3 1) - Bu snaere,KTo gro? (Tu rnaeun, xro eto?) l1 I
- a, q 3rraro,xro ero, 9r:o Bla4lunp. lll (fla, snarc. 9ro Blaanrunp.)

3232 2) - Bu He3naere,rro sro? (Tu xe eiraem, xro ero?) 11 - 3uan, ero B.la4nunp. 3232 glaere, 3) Bu rro on? (Tu rHaenrn, rro oH?) 11 - 3Haro, B,nagunrup - )t(ypxanncr. 3232 4) - Bu He3uaere,rro oN?(Tu ne snaeml,xro ox?) 11 - 3xaro. 0n xypna,rucr.

47

Ex. 8. Readand compare thesesentences. l1 l) .fl uraro, KToero. 9ro Bnaanrunp llnanon. 31 rnaro, / rro sm Bna4nnrup IIsaHor.

1t

tnaro, Kro oH. Ou rrypnamrcr.

3t
2) fl, waro,Kro ero. gro umenep. 31
l1 . suarc,KaKero ronyr. Ero soryr Hrxola. 31 snarc,/ vro ero soryr Hnxo;ra. l1 snalo,KaKem Sarun.nnr. Ero eaunnnr llsanon. 31 .fl Buaro, / uro ero eanmnnxllrauon. Imperativeof the verbs Singular give! a! sgpancrny!how do you do! usrusrl! excuse! cxaxcr.! ell! say! soir'ri! came in! plural 4are! qgpaBcrlyine! ngrunure! cxarxnre! noame! swe! how do you do! excuse! tull! say! come in!
.fl snarc, / rm ero ffixenep.

1t

.fl snaro,,/ vro Baagunnrp )xpn:urncr.

a) 6) -

Ex. 9. Readthesesentences, paylngattentionto the intonation. 321 noxa;rycra, rrJDHar ,,MocKBa"!- Iloxanycm! .{are _rrme, I (Thanlcs) Cnacu6o. 2211 Cxaxnre, noxa.tycra, re Meryo?- Merpo rau. - Cnacn6o. 3311 Ilsnmnre, noxalryficra, sro Baurar<rnra?-.{a, uor.

Names:

Tamrna (D

flerp

(m)

9T**o*,9(a

%Tt, gl,u, crn,6a,-,u^n, gr", vtn, fru, *., 6, -tLeo,

48

Vponuecmo

Homework
l. Transcribe: lralra, ru, Tarraua, flrp, cnopr,4are, no1ure. 2. Selectthe nouns accordingtheir masculine,feminine or neutre gender:
xypHur, cTaTbr, qq, MeTpo, KHI,Ira, ceMbt, rlopyra.

3. Give the plural of the words: Kapra,Tearp. rrR, xouuara, cror, Maut4Ha, 4. Put MO or MO.I beforethe words: oreu. ceMr, KoMHara, oM,Kuura,crarbq (article),Marb,Terpab, 5. Here is the dialogueof the two persons.Put their replics in order: Kro gro. - Ero sonyr IOpa.- Oro cry4enr. - a, s 3Haro, - Trr ne 3HaeIIr,, rro ero? - Ero cry4eur? - Kar ero sonyr? characters to readthe latent herewords: 6. Crossout superfuouse
r IotMarb o.

B orerrc ev rs 6parebr erIrIo

BHMCeCTpayC

to read following words: characters 7. Fill in the necessary

T_..-9, C ___fl, O__q, c_____T, T_____b.

8. Write new words in alphabeticalorder in the specialnotebook.

7 3rs.r l 1959

Vporc ceuao

Lesson 7. YPOK CEbMOI

The Soft Consonant [ir,]
In order to prorounce [.t'] one should raise the middle part of the tongu very high to the palate as..forsounds or [u]. Wfren fistening; tl [] sound you find it more soft than ,,European', l/1. Ex. l. Read the syllablesand comparethe sounds [.1] and [,r,]: Jra - JIr, .no - l, ny _ Jrrc, Jr9_ Jte, rbt _ Jrtr, _ ur - aJrb, oJt oJIb, yn _ ynb, ruI _ [Jrb, 3Jt _ gjrb

Ex. 2. Read the syllablesand words.

a ;re Jrm JIe JIII - Jrfl - Jr -le -l JI|O - JI|O - J|e - JIe - JIII . JIII Jta lo JIy Jt9 TbI _ Jr _ Jtb, _.n _ ln _ nrc _ nbro _ Jte _ Jrbe - JITI

aJrb _ oJIb _ ynb _ enb - l|nb

crolqa yn Ia

capal
SCCT

Ilerep6ypn .rfrooxTr, r .mo6.r6

2

petersburg to like, to love I hke, I love

The Conjugation of the verbs JIIOEI,ITb. The presentTense

n no6tt t"r o6um" nru .n6rnr nu .r6nre

;ff'ou"'

o'n ,r6qr

Inanimate masculine and neuter nouns take the same endrngs in the accusative as in the nomiDative.

Nominative 9ro ero? 9ro rearp.

Accusative ![ro Bu .uo6ure? .fl ;rrc6;uo rearp.

50

Denotingthe Direct Objectof NounsInanimate The Accusative Masculineand Neuter

9ro Bu .rrc6ure?
rearp Ir KnHo. ,nro6.nro Il'hat do you like? I like theatre and cinema.

paying attention to the intonation. Ex. 3. Read these sentences,

2 a) - 9ro Bu .nro6nre e.narn? I (sins) - nro6,rro nerr. I (dance) - ,rn6aro raregab. I (watk) - .uo6rnorynrrb. 3 ) - Bu no6nre rearp? 1 - Jln6.nn. 3 - Bu .nro6n're cnopr? I - Jlrc6.mo. n) - .fl suarc,qro BH .mo6rre treTb, Tealp,
TaHUeBTb, KIlHo, IyJlTl,r CtrOpT.

The Soft Consonant 1p'1

Ex. 4. Read these syllables,words and dialogs.

rpn - pr - pr rpro - pn - prl rfpb- spb

nonrop! trorropTe! IIapx 6.namgapro rac anepr (f.) (m.) clronpn

repeat! repeat! Paris

thankyou a door a dictionary

3 - V Bac ecrl c,lorapr? 11 - .{a, ecrn. 3 - .{are une, noxa4ycra,clorapr! I - lloxarycm! I - Eraro4aproBac!

5l

orKpo! orKpre!

3 open!- Orrpoirre, noxa.rycra, oxno!

I open! - Iloxa;rycra! I - D.raro.qaprc ! 31 clgse! - Saxpore,noxa.rycra, alepr! Tyr xonoxo. close! I - Iloxarycra.

3aKp! saKpfire!

t
- Cnagr6o.

The Conjugation of the VerbXnrr (to tve).

QuestionI{E? (where?)
Ex. 5. Readthe wordsand sentences. Leam this verb. )KI,ITb. PresentTense
r xBy ru xnnmr
OH

nu xnnu ru rcrrre orsr oru:nrnir

oHa oHo

- Ige nu ornre? - xrry ryr.

- I.qe ox xarrr? - 0n xnnr rau.

The Prepositional of Nouns. The Prepositional Denotingplace. The euestion IE? (where?)
answer to the question$E? (where) adverbs of place TyT, TAM, or.nouns in the prepositional gMA casev/ith the prepositon (i;; B at) areused: ".iIA Iae Inan? }[nan oua. Were is lvan? Ivan is at home. fae r<nsr [ran? on runr rau. wheredaesIvan rve?He rivesthere. Iae xnnr Anxa? Ona xornr n Mocxre. Ann lives in Moscow. Iae onu? Ouri r rearpe. Theyare at thelheatre now.

The Endingsof the Prepositional Singular

52

Vpoxceuno

nE P6VPf

Ex. 6. Read those texts, paying attention to the prepositional of nouns.

13 11 - croJrrrqa a) Bor Mocxna. MocKBa Poccuu. A nor:Ilerep6ypr. 111 ynnla. Bor narroM. 6) xlny B llerep6ypre, 9ro narua
I .f, mo6no llerep6ypr. 11 r) A r rorny n Tarmrue. .fl roxe nro6ntoHa[ ropo. New words: Poccrr-Russra opot town

paying attention to e intonation. Ex. 7. Readthesedialogues, 3 a) Bu xxnre r Mocrre? 1l - Her, r llerep6ypne. 3 6) - Bu 4arno rarnre n llerep6ypre ? aon6- for a long tme ll - Her, uegalno. aeno: neeuo - not longago

The Soft Consonant[c'], [c']

Ex. 8. Comparethe pronunciation of the hard and soft consonants:
cac - cbt 3a-3t - 3bt

co - c - c r cy - c|() - cbro ce - ce - cbe

cbr - cI| - cbH ac - acb yc - ycb

s o-c - s r 3y - 3t(,- 3bro ze -'le -!rc

3bt - 3lt - 3brr

Maxcnr Poccrs
yHr|Bepcl|Tgr

uyr
raSera py3bt

masculine name Russia a university a mweum a newspaper friends

53

- Tanruyeef,.
Ex. 9. Read the dialogues.

2Z a) Cxarure, norr&[ycra,.rro gro? I - MfY (eurey). 3 - Ilorropnre, uoxa.ryf,c.ra! 1 - gro nam pBepcf,Ter. gro MfV. I - E laroaapro.

New word: Mfy _ abibr. State(niversity for Moscow 23 6) - Cxaecme, troxalycra, 9Torocrnrm[a ,,Mocxra"? 11
- Her, sro nocrxlqa ,,poccmo. 3 - l[srnxnre, troxanycra. I - lfoxa.nyqa.

New word: rocrnrulqa

a hotel

\^

Ex. 10, Read the dialogues,paying attention to the intonational centre of I4K.

22
- Maxcnu, re Brl pa6oraere? l2 A r4e Bu pa6oraere',{lror? - Ha sasoe, I -.f mxe pa6omto[a saBoe. 3 - Bu nmrenep? 1 -.lla. I -.fl roxe xEKeHep. at a plant New words: saor, a plant na car,4e pa6ram - to work

a) Turn this dialogueinto the text. Model: Menr eonfr Maxcnu. fl mny r Mocxr. pa6orarona gare. .f, umendp. 6) Answerthe questions,using the dialogue"a" : Jlxon mnr r Jlouoxe?,llon m6nr Jlouaon? .{xon pa6raet na ganae? A on nmenp? ,,ll;ron n Maxcnu cuarMu?xon n MaxgrM asno gnaxnrn?Marcru typnct? (rypncr - a touristl Marcru xnrr n Jloqone? Marunu mrrr r Lnarro? fe lmsr Marorru? Maxcnu xypna.nucr? Marcnu pa6,raer n rasre? Ine pa6raer Marcuu? Maruru ,urprtop? (arperrop - a director,a manager) payingattentionto the intonationalcentre Ex. 11. Readthe sentences, of lIK. V V V V V Bac ecm 6par? - 4, y uem ecrr 6Par. Bac ecrr cecrpa?- Her. -,{a, ecrr. Bac ecrr ,qpysrr? - ,{a, ecm. Bac ecrb rasera"[paBAatt? - ,[a, ecrr. Bac ecrb rrypna:r "Mocxla"? Completethe dialogues. Kax e roryr? - ... - ... ,{are, noxaJrycra?)ryPnalr. Kar ero rouyr?-... ... - Oro ttrp n Hrmo.na. (nosrwo r,ossttwrcltake!) ... - Bor, noxa.nycra,BoSbMIrre.

55

Ex. 13. Readthe text. Answerthe questions. Speak aboutyourself. Mos ceubs Merr sonyr Marcnn. .[ nnxenep. Hama ceurr rcrsr n Mocree. 3131 3l Mor uaru - 6no;ror. Mo oreq - Qusnx. V uexr ecm 6par rl cecrpa. I

Orn cryaenru. Newwords:

trffieEep Snsnr 0IIOJIOT an engmeer a physicist a brctogtst

l.) Kar Bac eonfr? 2) Kro Bn? 3) fae mntt Bima cenrr? 4) Baua uarr - a{noxr? 5) Bam orq - uIurenp? 6) V Bac ecm 6par? 7) V Bac ecm cecrp?8) Bam 6par - cryanr? 9) Bauracecrp - crynrra?

The Conjugationof the Verb pAEoTATb(o work\

r rbr The Present Tense px66ruo nrrr pa6raeru pa6raemn Bbr pa6rraere

:i"\
ono -/

Daoraer
Imperative

onr

pa6rralor

pa6orafi! pa6orare

The PastTense ofthe Verb

The past Tense of Russianverbs expresses action which took place in the past (and doesnot continue at present).There is only one form of the past tense in Russian.The Engsh counterpartsof the Russianpast tense are the PastIndefnite, the PastContinuous,the PresentPerfectand the past perfect: pa6ora-rb*l-pa6ora,n - xuJt -Tb *r (pa6marr- to work) (wnr - to live\

6rr-r

* .r - 6ru

(6wrs - to be

singular masculine I on (r, ru) 6rur, nul, pa6oral feminine I ona (r, trr) 6una, lcr.rra,pa6ora.ra neuter I ono 6rr,lo, rcuo, pa6ora;ro
Of,II I MI. BhI

Past Tense verbs agree with number.

subject of the sentene

gender and

56

Vporc ceauo

thequestions. Ex. 14.Read thistext.Answer 31313 Mu mnn B llerep6yprc.Mo oreq pa6oran na BaBoe. Mor uarr l1 pa6om;ra B Mylee. pa6orarB [rxoJre. l) Iae Bu mrn? 2) Irc pa6oma Bamoreq? pa6orana 3) I,qe Baurauarr? 4) I,qeBn pa6ora;rn? The Verb EhITb (to e) in the Present and Past Tense
The verb EhITb is not used in the presenttense In the past tensethe verb EhITb changes for number and gender Mam 6uira aoua. Cnn 6nn B rtrKoJre. ,lleru 6u.nnB Tearoe.

Marr aoua. Crrn s mxore.

.llefl s rearDe.

Ex. 15. Read the dialogues.Pay attention to the translation of the questionIE BbI BbUII{? in English. a) - Fne Bu 6u.uu? 6) r)

- Mu 6u;rnaoua. r) - Ie Bu 6u.nn? - Mrr 6urn B rearpe.

- Iae Bu 6urn? - f l6 u . n B q e lr r p e . - Brr 6ulu n rearpe? - Her, r uylee.

Ex.16. Read thesewords and dialogues. Make up the dialogues using phrases. thesewordsand xena a wfe xenr married(for man) husband snryxeru married(for woman) Wr{ nn xenru nrr onryxeu 233 r) - An4pe,rrr xesar? - Bn xenaru, Bo.no4x? 11 11 - Her, r Herxenar, -.{a, I xenar. 2323 * Kar.r, Bu saul'xeu? - Bepa, rll sau)'xeu? r) 11 11 - a, t 3a ryrxeM. - Her, r ne gauJrrreM. Ex. 17. Readthe texts.Answerthe questionsabout the texts. Retell these

a)

6)

texts. l l tl a) 9ro uo pyr. Ero soryr l{ropr. On xeuar. On unxenep n pa6oraer I

tra 3aBoe.
8 3!x!. , 1959

Vporc ceauo

-^^ CKNKI,ITE,

1-

--.-

--.- Kro 3TO? KaKeno3oB)"r? -t-- on pa6oraer Ha 3aBoe?

oHxe'ar?

13 I 1 3 6) 9ro uou pysb, llropr u llpuua. Onn annoxenarbr. Iropr u llpnna 13 I 3 1 xrrByr B Mocme. Ilropr pa6oraerHasaBoe ".{[naMo". Ilpuna - npar. I Oua pa6oraerB 6onbrnqe.(6urrunqa- a hospital) 22233 Impr, cxa:mre, Kro gro? 9ro Bam cun? On pa6orer? 33 Ox crygeur? On cryaenr MfV? lecw. - song flycrr ncerga6aer c.nuqe! flycrr, ncerga6aer u6o! flyct, rcerga 6aer rrlrraa! flycrr, ncerga6!'4yxl

ffi
--++

ffi
ffi
New words: nycrr 6yger Bcera connue He6o let be alwa 2s sun, sunligh slcy
a.

hoverbs and idioms Ceur par oruepb - orrnpirorpexb. you cut once timescut once- scoretwicebefore Measure seven lI Mocnnanecp3y crponnacb.
was not built in a day) Moscowwas not built all of a sudden(Rome Read quckly: Ha Ha He Ha .qnoperpan. ryane apor. py6 ,qpor. rpare apop. There is grass n the yard. Tkere is fire wood on the grass. Don't hashthefire wood. On the grass ofthe yard.

58

Vpox cetuo

Homework L Write the genderof the nouns: croJrr{qa, My3e,yrr,rqa,rocrl,rHl,ua, oKHo,Tearp,Bepb, cyeHT,
JIoxKa, Tatuua, g9, MoJroKo, orell, Mar.

pronouns: 2. Put in possessive Marb,orerl, rrn, 4s5n,6par, crnr. 3. Answerthesequestionsusingthe words, given in brackets. 1) lae Bu xornre?(Ilerepypr) 2) Ile xr,rsr Baur orerl? (ly6na) 3) lae xcrnr Baurlpyr? (Ilaprx) 4) I4e Bu 6ruu? (uysefi) (rrryse) 5) lae 6ulu 4eru? (ruxo.na) 6) Iae 6rr,raA.rura? 8) l4e 6ruu Anna ral4nax?(rearp) 7) lae 6ul IIIypa? (ytrunepcurer) (ulrpx) pa6orarorBauu 4pysrx?(ganoa) Iae f.qe 6rrra 10) 9) aeru? 4. Transcribe: yHr.{Bepcrrrer, croJr,croJrr{qa, r :rro6:no, lryse,cnacu6o,Annpe. into Russian: 5. Translate Alla! - Good afternoon, - Good afternoon,Andrey! - Wherewere you, Alla! - I was in the centre. ' - Were you at the theatre? - No, I wasat the museum. letters,readthe words. 6. Insertnecessary y ________ M__ p r c_____a 7. Translatethe words and write them under appropriatenumbers. l) Moscow,museum 2) hotel 3) capital 4) cafe 5) university 6) school

8*

59

8. Here is the-dialogueof two persons. put the replausin order. - a, s xeuar. - Ona _ _ Brr ,6uonor. Oua pa6oraer B r.rucrr,rryre. xeHarhr, Angpe? - Ie pa6oraer _ Barrraxena? o"u _ cryenr-lrsur. - Kro sro? _ Ero sonyr Carua. _ "ro.."Lpi On cryaeli. _ ; --1 pa6omerena saro4e? - [a, ua saoe. 9. W'rite the diaiogueusing thesesentences. Mo gpyr' - trpe.troaBaretrl (teacher\. On pa6oraer B yru.rBepcrrere. On xenar. 10.Tell aboutyourself. 11.Write new words in alphabeticalorder in special notebook.

Vnnr. eoarwo

Lesson 8. YPOK BOCbMOI

The Soft Consonant v [v'l
The consonant [r'] is soft, but don't write after this letter the vowels
' D. qa -qa -qa qo -qo -qo c -q -q aq -qa -qb os -so -w

sy -sy -w
qa -qf, -rm qe -qe -qe

yq -sy -qbrc
II|t -qI| - qlt| 9q - rte -qbe

M N
offi A ,qsK a daughter a daughter

The consonant[r'] is invariably a soft voiceless sound. It is pronounced almost exactly as the English consonantrenderedby the letters ch in the words chair, cheese. Distinguish the syllables ra [x'a] and srr [v'a]. Ex. l. Readthesewordsand sentences.
(m) Bpl pa6sd
MaJIbTIItK

a doctor a worker
A DOy

aosKa

a smallgirl

9ro Anna Vlsaost. Ona npay. Ona :rurr n Mocn. gro Anapfiflerpr. On pa6vu. On pa6raerna sarae".[unuo".

Em nosxa. E sorfr Kars. A ero e

MAMA.

9to ru.nsqnx. Em rori"r Jlerx. A sro

efo [4tr4.

Ex. 2. Give the question using the pictures (Ex. 1). Answer the questions. Model: a) Kro ero? Oro enoqxa. Kax e sonyr? E sorlr Jh.r4a.
o) - 9TO r,rDKeHep-/ - Her, ero pa5ouutt.

- Ie oH pa6raer? - On pa6raerua san4e.

61

g"sre. xr:o ero? B) - BlI "e -a- t erro, xro ero. gro npar. - Bu rnere, xax e rory? - a, t snro,.rro e roryr Bpa. New wordsand expressions 3aprcrny! Kaxr ncrpva! Kax arlro urr ne nt4e,rncs!

Good arternoon! lhy, thisis a surprise!

There's beenplenty of water under the bridge since we met last. It's been ages since we met. how (how long...) all

KAK

rc V uenr ceubfl,er[. Han cux llropr yxe 6omn. Tu aor.ren (paaX (rcrr,rcn glad) aorrrua (paaa). am glad (to eeyoul
oqeHb yerv

on (a, ru) pa,oBoren oua (r, trr) paa, oBonbna oxn (ruu, nnr)pa4n, nomrur
Ex. 3. read the dialogue. Pay attention to the intonation.

Paszooop 2 - 34pancrry Taruapa! 222 - O! Ax1pe! Kaxarlcrpeva! 22

- Kax ganxo MH He B[enrrcn! Kax ru xcltrutn Tauapa?

11

3 - Tu pa6oraemr? r123 -a, I ytruBepcnrere. A xax ru lorlnrr, Axgpe? Tu xenar? r1 ll - .(a, 4arno, V uac).xe 6o;rruocun, lropn. 2 - A reru pa6oraenrr, Arqpe? I - B urxole. 3 - Tu aorolen? 62

- Bc xopomo. V ueHq cembr, er[.

Yporc eoctno

11 - .[a, ncxopomo. I - orenl paga. Ex. 3. Read the text. Ask questions aboutthe text and answer them. 9ro Taruapa u Angpe.Oxn anno

guaKoubr. Oxn rnrryr n Mocxre. Tauapa n 31 pa6oraer Arape4aBHo HeBtrentrcb. Taruapa 131 B yn[BepcTere. Aqpepa6oraer E mKone.Tanrapa 3aufxeu. I Au4pexeuar, Count!

1t

t-o 2-wa 3-rpn 4 - rerrpe 5 - nrrr 6 - mecrr 7 - ceur lul 8 - ncenrl

r -""*#;1"
tr-J*;*t""]" rs-rp"r#"f,
[u] , [r] [r] 14- verpnenqarr

"-J*ffl ro-*".o*tllu
,r-J*#"1"
tr-tJ"'"tl"l"r*f,1,
19- ,uensrxq(arb

9 -,qsrrn lul
10 - acsrb

Iu]

lullul - [r]

zo-*o*1"

63

Yporc eocu.to

Ex. 4. Read these words and sentences. qac an hour lltl qacbr a clock

Iwl , certsacnow
,

a) - Cxaxn're,noxa.rycra, 2
xoroptrfi vac? I - flqrr qacor. - Cnacn6o.
7

6) - Cxaxnre, noxa.rycra, 2 roropu uac? 3 - l:nrxnre, noxalycra, a I

He 3Harc.

Koropu.rac? 11
Ce.racqac. Cefi.racnrrb racoB. CefiqacBaqaca. Ceqac.".t" Ceqac rp qaca, Ceqacaemrl

I|/hatmeis it?

lxl I

trl
"a".

hlr

Inl

"als. [r]r [xl ^ qecr. Cetqac {erule Cefiqac a"erur.r" ,iloi.

The Conjugation of the Verb 9IITATL (read) Present Tense r Ti

oH OHo oHa

s[rn qnrerrl
q11reT

Mbr qnren B s[rere

olr qxrIor

Imperative qur! qnrre!

64

Yporc eoctuo

PastTense on (r, ru) ona (r, ru) orro orur (nu, nru) qnrr.n qnr.na qnr.no unruu

IIro shr qutaere? What are you reading? . qmarc )KypHan.I am readingthe magafine. fl srffarc mrcbMo. I am reading the leter.

The Accusative Denotingthe Direct Object

The accusativewithout a preposition is used to denote the direct object of a transitive verb. The accusative forms of nouns denoting inanimate masculine and neuter objects egual the nominative forms. They are used in answer to the question

qTo?

Nominative IIro ero? gro xypnaa. 9ro nncruo.

Ex. 5. Read.

Accusative IIro nu qnragre? qnraro xrypxar. . qutan trncbMo.

2
a) - 9ro Bu qrraere? I - .fl qnraro xlTHaJr *Mocxla".

3
6) - Bu qrrra.,rlr)KypHaJr
ttMocKtat'?

l1 - Her, ue uura.n. I n) 9ro marr n cun. Oxn I qI|TaroT paccK s. \story) 3 r) Bn lrc6nr:e.rurarr? - Oqexr nrc6nrc.

I 3..3

li 1959

65

The Conjugationof rhe Verb EIIATb (to do)

PresentTense
fl TbI OH

enan eJraemb elaer

Mhr Bbl
OHIT

e,raeM eJraeTe enarcT

oHo oHa

Imperative

afua!

e[arfTe!

PastTense on (a, ru) l'lal (r, ona rrr) enana oHo a.na.to onn (nru, ru) araru
,

- IIro BH eJraere, Argpe? 1 - qnrarc. Ex. 6. Answerthe questions: Kro gro? 1lro ox enaer? 9ro ona eJtaEr?

- Yro Bu .rrTaere? 1 - qnraro x(ypnan.

Make the sentencs interrogative.Model: gro llran? On pa6oraerna garoe? On mrr<exep? Answerthe questions.

ffi

The Interrogative Pronoun g.E (whose?)

Il'hoseumbrellais it? It is my umbrella. Wose bags it? It is my bag. Wose overcoat is it? It is my overcoat. 66

- 9e ero sorr? I - 9ro uo sorr. 2 - Ylr gro cynrra? I - gro uoa cyuxa.

2 - 9r sro na.mro?
I - 9ro uo traJrbro.

Yporc eoctno

2 fl xypna;ru? - 9rn gro ra3erhr

Il'hosenewspapers and magalines are these ? I - 9m uon nnerbr rr x(yptraJrhr. Thereare my newspapers and magafines. The interrogativepronountIE? changes for genderand number. qe?- masculine, .nr? - feminine,sr? - neuter. Singular: Plural:qru? - for all 3 genders. Ye sro sotrr? - 9m ruosoHT.1t my umbrella.- Mo. - Mine. tlrr ero rasera? - Mos. - Oro lror nasera. II ero namm? - 9ro uo [aJrbro, - Mo. IIlu ero sacrr? qacu. - 9ro uou - Mou. Pronouns Possessive Possessive Pronouns Penonal Pronouns
fl

Personal Pronouns
Mhl

Possessive Pronouns our, ours

ruoom
MO' KOMtrATA MOE OKIIO MOrr oxlla

my, mne

HAlIl OM

tra|tr
KOMIIATA HA|IIC OKIO
Bbl

Tbt

your, rBo oM TBO{ KOMHATA yours

TBOeOmO
TBOII OXIIA

HA|nr{ Oxlra Ba|n oM Bama KOMEATA BAme oxHo BaItrIl offia

your,yours

OH

ero oM
CTOKOMHATA CIO OKITO

his, his

eno ol{Ira
oHa

e oM e KoMHar e omo e onna ero oM eno KoMxaTa eno oxlro

ETO OKIIA

her, hers

OHII

rD(oM
IIX KOMHATA

their, theirs

lD( oxto n( oxHa

oHo

its, its

9*

67

Irrr sm rotrmara? gro MosKoMtrara. IIrr sro raserl? 9m uou ra3erf,r.

llre om omo? 9m uoe oxuo.

Ex. 7. Readthesesentences, paying attention to e possessive pronouns. Om oreq. {ef, gro cro.x? Oro ero croJr. 9rr ero rcrnra? gro ero Kurara. {r ero nucruo? gro ero rrr4bMo. {rn sro qacrr? gro ero qachl. 9m nam. 9efi gro xypxa.u? gro e xypna;r. IIrr uo rounara? gro e rorr.rHara. IIr gro nr.rcruo? gro e nr,rcruo. Yrn ero qacrr? Ero e qacrr. 9m aeru. 9e sro cro,r? gro llx croJr. Yrs sro xolrtgara? gro trx rouuara. {r sro ur,rcruo? gro r.rxtrttcMo. ![rn ero xypHalrr? Ero lrx x1rynaarr. Ex. 8. Look at the pictures and answerthe questions: Kro em?, IIro sro?, lle ero ...?oKar em (e) soryr? V Bac ecm ...?

H@@
68

WT @]tr ffi@r@

Worc "ocunod

32 a) - Bu gnaere,xro sm? ll -.[a, ronevno . (of cource) [x^uterm^] 31 -9m uor rropyra JIra n e crm Murs. 232 6) - llsrnmrre, Bn ne snaers, se gro soar? 22 - O! gm ruoronr! E.laro4aploBac! 22 r) - Cxamre, troxarycra, reoM5 (nml)? 31 - Isntmxre, r tre B[arc.

22
r) - Craxrrre, noxa;ryfrcra, reoMecmr? 1l -,[ou 4ecrm rau. 9ro HeaJrexo. (notfar)

The Fourth IntonationalCostruction (rK-4)

--/

-fl q4r gouo. I am goinghome.

,/

A.Bw? Andyou?

A Harlqa?

klK-4 is most vividly seenwhile expressing the question in incomplete interrogativesentences with the conjunction "a" (and). Remember:in full (complete) intenogative sentences with the particle '.a,,, (and) the corresponding type of l4K (VlK-z or I,IK-3) can be used. A rro gro? A re Bu 6rm? A Bu cryaenr? part of I4K-4 is pronounced The pre-stressed on the usualpitch. If the pa stressed is at the end of the sentence the pitch beginsto rise. In the postpart the pitch graduallyrises. stressed - Bama Qannr.nnr,rrM, orreerBo? lhat is your family name, first name, paronymic? - Ilsanos llnas llnarors.

69

Remember: ProperNouns, Forenames, patronymicand Surname. Full and Short Names Usn Ursolm Irann. Arapl Hnxolernq Ceprcr. Ilrau llrasorrs - llnas - Banr. Arape Hlrolaenm - Aq4pe. Arsa IIrnOEEA Ulsanna. Anna llsanonna - Ausa - Aus. Ex. 9. Readthe dialogue. 2 - Kar Bac soryr? Mapr HxroircgE Ceprena. Mapnr Hnrola"*"a - ap- Maora.

l4 - Menr :oryr Aq4pe Ilerpornr. (My nameis A.p.) A Bac? (Andwhatis you
name?) I - Mens :onyr .{xon. I - Osenr nprrrrrno. This is a pleasure. (pleasedto meet you, l3 - Osenr paa, 9ro namaaosra? I - a. 2 - Kax re6s tonyr, 4erorra? I - MeHs soryr Karr. 24 - ** Bac sonyr?A Bac? And whais your name? S - A xar re6r soryr? A re6r? proverb Jlyuue nos.ryo,treMErrora. Betterlate than never. Yrpo. nerepaMype'ee. Morning is wiserthenevening (An hour in the momingis wotthtwo in the evening)

qh,ro,ae,r'(L,oo,WW.

qh* 6/rzrt ana ^aobl? -fl -fl /nn*a.

9r* -ir.o.to/nn64. 9r* w-,ub-fl. -/t/LaJt

70

Yporc aocauo Homework 1. Put the questionsby the model: Oro ero tpyr. 9e ero 4pyr? Oro ,to.flo.r. 9To Har orell. 9ro ero KoMHara. 9To Barrru .racbr. 9To e 6par. 9ro rai plr. 9To BarIrI,xypnanrr. Oro lor ra3erbr. 9ro ero ena. 9ro rD( MrrrII,Ha. 2. Complete the sentences using the verbs 9IITATb, PABOTATb in the presentand past tenses. . ... xypua"r. Mo oreq ... B rrrKo:re. Mo cnrn xopono .... .f ... r lry:ee. Epar u ceopa ... [r,cbMo. 3. Complete the sentences using the verbs in the presentor the past teses. Mos uarr ... B lrrKoJre. - ... xypna,r. Mo.r oqr ... rucbMo. Mor 4pyr... B yunBepcI,l:fere. fe ... saur oreq? Mo orer{ ... Ha 3aBoe. le ... rBo-scecrpa? Iae ru ...? Bu ... xypnaa? 4. Trarscribe. pa6outtil, qerbpe, Mar6, Irrocrb, .(eB-rr,ecqrb qacoB, oqeub, oqb 5. Translate. My name is Mary Ivanova. I am a doctor. I am married. This is my husband. His name is Andrey. He is an egineer. He works at the factory. These are our children. 6. Write the words, which designatea profession. 7. Look at the things, surrounded you. Put the questionsby the model: 9u sro xrura? Write these questionsand give the answers. 8. Take you family photo and tell about all the persons. 9. Write the words designated the "objects of town" in prepositional form. Compile the sentences with them. Model: 6rur n napxe. 10. Make a competition: who will write more words: a) begiruringwith character"M"; b) designating things which are in the room; c) which consist of 3 syllables ll. Find out and remember as the shops, oIices and so on are named in you street. 12. Write down all the words which can be composedwith the charactersin the word xomnara. 13. Insert necessary characters,read the words:
B_ _ q q____e M__b __b

of two persos, usingthe sentonces: 14.Compose the dialogue sonyr Ona crygerma. Her, oua ne pa6oraer. - E Kars. - Ona cry4errra? - Ona yxe pa6omer?- Kar e soryr? - 9ro lto.a o.{b.- Craxrrre, rro ero? 15.Compose the dialogue of the two old friendsin the University. 16.Write new wordsin alphabetical orderin special notebook.

7l

Vporc eeamt

ksson 9. YPOK EBTbII

The Soft Consonants [83'], [r'], [x']
Ex. l. Read the syllables.
I|-nt-xI|-xI|

I|-ne-K e-xe

I(pa Hnra cnx Ke$p

B trApKe B qrrpKe Remember:
KIII|TA - KHHIIT

name(l) name(m) verse, poery keftr in a park at a circus

tronKa - troJIKrl J|OI.XA - Jroxxrl

BI|JIXA . BIIJIXIT

qa[Ka - |Iam|(Il

5.,pl, s., Pl. s., pl. s., pl. s., pl.

of "book" of "shelf" of "spoon " of fork' of 'tup"

Ex. 2. Read. 2 - Iae xnnnr? I - Knuru HatroJrxe.

7

- 9ro Baun xxnrr? 1t - fla, uon.

- 9ur ero xrllur? I - 9ro uon xnnru.

The Conjugation of the Verb IOBOPI,ITb (to speak, to say)

PresentTense
fl TbI OH

roBoprc
roBopI Ub

MhI
Bbl OHII

oHo oHa

ronopr Imperative nrnopn! PastTense on (r, rrr) oxa (a, rrr)

oHo

noBoprrM noBopnTe noBopT

ronoprne!

omr (nru, ru)

roBopnn roBopl|na roaoplo rorop.nn

72

pvccKl,r f3bIK anano-pyccKlr. AHIJII4ICIUI tSbIK andrroAIIHII{CKIT. (Russian, man - woman) a) pyccnr - pyccra man - woman) aflnrmansn - anrJlntaura (Eng,lish, (French, man - woman) $pauqrs - rfpanryxenxa I speakRussian. pyccn. .fl ronopruro-pyccxr. I am Russian. .fl $parrys. .fl mroplo no-r[par4rscnr.I am French.I speakFrench. auumannn. .fl roropro no-amrnfrcm. I am English.I speakEnglish. 3 6) - Bu suaerepyccm srbrK? Do you knowRussian? a lttle.. mBoplotro-pyccm. Yes,I speakRussian - a, t EeMBoro r) - Cramre, noxa.lrycra,KaKllo-pyccx " capitaf'? Whais the Russian for "capital"? - Cro.mqa. 3 Do you speakRussian? no-pyccru? r) - Bu mBoptrTe tl - .{a, neunom. 3

Ex. 3. Read, paying attention to the pronunciation of the words

French? ) - Brl rolopf,Teno-$panryscnr? Doyouspeak

(German) no-treer{Krr. - Her, xe mBoplo. { roroprcno-anr,rncnn 23 Bn SpauIrys? e) - Cxamre, troxrrycra, 11 - r, s Qpaurys. 23 Bu pyccru? - Cxame, noxq.nycra, 11 - Her, x auepnKneu. (American)

z3

- Crarmrre, troxanycra, Bu PYccrax? 4 - Her, r auepffianKa.A BbI? I - A r Qpanryxexra. Ex. 4. Readthe words.
trGrT a' A DOet

[trcaTeJrb
IIYCCBUIT

a wnler
KUSSIAN

sennm

Wat

pyccnd noer pyccm tr careJrt seJM noer ne.nmfi mcareJrb

l0 3.|{'3 tli 1959

IJ

Ex' 5. Read these sentellces, paying attention to the intonational groups. Pronounce the first intonationar part oi the sentence with I4K-3 and the secondpart of the sentenceis pronounced alwayswith HK_l.

A.C.Ilyruxnn r799-1837

A.M.foprru 1868-1936

KTO OTO _ NYIIIKI{H?

a) Ilymxnn - troer.

31 flymxnn - pyccxnf, noer. 31 flyruxnn- serrlxu pyccxn noer.

KTO 9TO _ TOPbKI,II?
6) foprrn - nrcarerrb.

31
Ioplxl

31
Ioprxt

- pyccrn tr[careJrb. - nelnxni pyccxn mtcareJrb.

Ex. 6. Read thesegroups of the words without separation.

cnou flymxnna Yn{a lfyrtrKxHa uyre llymxrnra rnuru loprroro yrnqa loptxoro myle lopnxoro

verse of Pushkin Pushkinstree PushkinFineArts Museum,pushkin Museum boolcs of Gorky Gorlcy street GorkyMuseum

In these groups of words crnxt llymxnna, y;luqa flymxnHa, ynr(a fopr'xoro thervords flyurrnna, rop*oro are the frms of the possessive case of the wordsflymxnx, Ioprxn: pushkin's versei,Gir*yb lootcs.

74

Vpox eeamot

paying attention to the intonation. Ex. 7. Readthesedialogues, 22 a) - 9ro Bu quraere? I qnrarc crun. -.f, 2 IIln em crrxn? I - 9ro crmcr flymmna. 6) - tlm Bu strTaere?
-.fl s[Tarc poMatr ttMarbtt.

3 pouan Ero foprxoro? 1

- [t.

New word: ponan a novel paying attention to the intonation. Ex. 8. Readthe dialogues,

a) - I.qeBu xnnre, Knpa? l4 - I *ry traynuqe foprxoro.A Bu, Hrxra? - A s - H a y n r r [ e l l y m m ua . 2 6) - Crarrure, trorrarycra,rexIrorearp 2
ttPoccuxtt?

- 9ro nearero. I{gnte npruo. I - Cuacn6o. New words: xHoTealp, xHo rrpMo straight

paying attention to the intonation. Ex. 9. Readthe dialogues, ,3 a) - Bu ino6nre cnoor llyunrna? 4 11 -.[a, orenr. A Bu? I -.fi mxe. 3 6) - Bu 6ruu n nyree llynrmna? l4 -.[a. A Bu? I - f roxe 6tura.

l0 *

75

3 B) - Brl 6unn r nryree foprroro? t4 - Her, a BH? I -Ar5'rxe6u,r. Ex. 10.Readthe dialogues, payingattentionto the intonation. a) - I4e Bu 6um? B rearpe?

r1 4

- Her, a 6ua r qrpxe. A Bu? I -A s 6buratruao. 23 rlro 6) Bu crraere? CrrNr llymnrua? -.{a, a Bu? I - A r qnran poruan foprroro. 3 - Pouan "Martt,?
I

- a. Ex. 11.Readthe sentences, payingattentionto the intonation. a) Ilymmr - troer. 6) Ioprru - urcarerrb. o)-Ilymxnn-noer?

31 Ilymrnn - roqr. 3 Ilymrrn - noer?

311 Ioprru - trtrcareJrb. -,{a. 34 fopri<n - nncarem? -Aloprmni? 31 - Ioprmfi - rrtrcarenf,. Ex. 12.Readthe sentences, payingattentionto the intonation.

31 4 l Ilynmx - pycclod nosr. Ilynn - pyccmnoer. 31 4 1 Ilymx - BeJniKr pyccx noer. Ilyuxnn - nsmnIf, pyccmnoor.

76

Vporc eeamw

The Conjugation of Verbs llTl4 (to go, to walk) and EXATb (to go, to travelby...)
The Russian verbs IffTfi and XATb designatedifferent modes of movement: / ffI (nEmKOM) - to walk, to go onfoot; xATf (HA TPAHCnoPTE) - to go by bus, by trolley, by tram, by underground, by taxi. IITTI
PresentTense
fr,
Tf,I OE

EXATb PresentTense
MH Bhr onf, trM rrTe f,ryT
M[

f,ry sul

eeM

oHa otro

rr Imperative

"* Tbr OH oHa

eeltrb / e,{eT

Bf,I

eere
e,q/T

outr

otro Imperative nlret Kyla ru rurc? .fl sry louo. . n4r n napx. Ky4a ru egerc? e,ry r qeurp. ery r ftercp6ypr. noesflri! Were are you goingto?
I am going home. I am going to he park.

nru!

noeur.re!

Were areyou going? I am goingto the centre. I am goingto Petersburg.

Ex. 13. Read. Pay attention to the useof the verbsIlI.ITl4, EXATb.

2 a) - Kyla rrl ure? l4 - Mn sun nrno. A nu? I - A tr,nr n4nr n uapr.

,

6) - Kyaaru ceqac? Mu uauB mao.

.l - e ryB q e f,rp .

4 -A r n ? I - roxe. 2 - EaeuBuecre. lt - Xopouo.Cuacu6o.

77

f e,ryn qerrp.

Expression of place and Direction The Costructionwith the euestionsI[E? and KynA?

Kyaa on nar? IV'here is he goingto? O" nar B rrapK. He is gotngto thepark. Remember IIO? Nominative

Ie on? Were is he? On r napxe. He is in he park.

IWA? Accusative
B trapK r Jlon4on

$E?prepositionat
B [apKe n Jlo44oue

rrapK JIoqon gm napx, Oro Jlorgor. Ex. 14.Read. fixon n,{xyn:

9o ,aar B rrapK. On e4er n Jloron.

On 6u.rrB rrapKe. Ox rmr n ouno"e.

Auna llraxolua tr eu: - Her, uu r4ruB unpK.

2 3 - KyaasrI lrre?B rearp? I I

Maxc:

qru:
AJUIa:

15.Read. 2 - Kyaamr naurerepou? 3 - Moxer 6urr, r rearp? 23 - rKytr, BH no6rre 6aler? 2

- Osenr nto6fio.

xytr: Marc:

4 - A Bn, xon?
78

Vporc eenmoii

xon: xfu: A.rua:

1 - f roxe nlo6mo6aner, 3 - Mu eeuB Tearp na ruerpo? 1l - Her. ua raxcn.

Ex. 16. Readthesewords.Remember! aenrm (pl.)

KOITEKA

money a kopek a rouble

KOIIEEK ecb KOIIeeK II'Tb

ffi \g;,
\:tl

,.''

py6.rr
O.IIHAKOIICI|KA Be KOrIeIlf,U

@
V-/

iw
/.-@}'

\/

> )^9*
4 r 7 Sf
YLP'4-/

,
j

i/

Tpt| KOneI|K]t qeTbrpe Ko|IeIlm

IITBAUATb KOtreeK B{rIaTb KoIIeeK

tt

B4rIATb OHAKorrenKa BaqaTb Be KorrerrKrl BATIATb rrflTb KO|leeK orffi pyonb

4na py6.nr rpr py6lr vernpe py.nr

nrrb pyoJreH lrecrb pyoiren Bar{qarbpyone asqarr onn py6nb

>
:4l ,rw.

r'Publ

BqarbBa py6nr ,qBrlarb asmr py6re

:i{4' I
,-

...

fl .- {-/

The Construction CKOJIbKO CTOI4T...2(How muchis ... ?) ? (IIow muchare ... ?) CKOJIbKO CTO.trT... Cr;rro crxr xypurr? Cxnrxo crur xypnr? py6. py6.ne. Xypnnu crm 50.000 Xypnn crur 10.000 (nxrbecsr (ecarrrucrv py6ne) rBrcrrntun")^, ,4

Ex.17. Read thediaogues.

a) - cKonbKo crolrr 6rr;19rB nlno? - .{nu 6nrer crom 10 (rccsrb)fltcffi py6ne.

/fur 'v"4-

fl*

tt 11 .-,*5 71a.{:t)

rv-ru-o t'tz<"| Ze'ro

4w-'

la<t

{h rcz-

| '

Brepom6ll.;nr cr6nr 40 (cpox) +uempyfue. lnn in the arternoon

BeqepoM in the evening

TEITP'IbTTI'

3 6) - Y rac ecru 6nnsrrrna 6a;rer,,Cnaprax"? I - Ecrr.

,

- .{are, troxrrycra,2 (wa) 6ulera. l3 * Iloxa;rycra, 6rutern crosr 40 (copox) I +lretrpyfue. n) - Cxarorre, trox(arycra, y Bacecrb reeup? l1 I - Cnacn6o.

-,{a,noxa.rysra. Craxan crorrI &-+#fuh

r) - Cnarorre, noxo"rrycra, ero xeerp? 111 - Her, ero ne x@np. gro uo.noxo.

lz

- XoporuoCxoarrocronr craxan? 1
- T+r#ro+y6flfr. 0gy6 ps;aa

31 - [are, noxa.nycra, I (oann)craKan. l.

- floxa.rycraI - Cnacn6o.
:----

2 n) Cxolrxo crolr rasera,,Cnopr"? I - mrenryrc.,1,64 py6/t, 4

- A xypnal ttMocxlatt?

1
- 10 (aecqn) flier+ pre. Ex. 18. Complete the sentences. V nac ecrl... Cxo;rrro crorrr.-. Kypna.l ,,Mocf,Ba",xmna "Jloq4on", 6trer ttXllgerb'...
xa 6alet

80

Conjugation of the Verbsby model q[TATb

CIPAIIII4BATb (ask) PresentTense ctrprrrHBan
ctrparrBaeffb ctrpamrrBaeT

fl, TbI OH

OTBETIATb (answer) Present Tense oTBeqarc

oTBeqaeb oTBeqaeT

Tb[ otr oHa oo

MhI Bbt OHTI

otra oto
MhI Bbl

cnpa[trBaeM ctrpa|trr{BaeTe ctrpa IrBarcT /

on

oTBeqaeM oTBeqaeTe oTBeqarcT

CJIVIIIATb (slen) Present Tense

t Tb| OH

cJlylran cny|ellrb cJry[aeT

oHa .odo

Mbr Bbr onn

cJIy[IaeM qrryaeTe cnyfianT

Imperative

cnpurna! cnpmrrarre!

orseq! oneqirre! PastTense ou (r, ru) oua (r, ml) ouo onn (nnr, nu)

clqa!

crfmafrre!

PastTense on (x, ru) cnpamB,ur oua(r, ru) crrpaBna

oHo clpa[nBaJro oslr (Mhr, Bbr) clpanrrBaJrn

OTBEqAJI OTBEqAJIA 0IBequlo OIBEqAJIT

PastTense on (r, rn) ona (r, rrr) ono onu (unn rrr) clrymar cyruaJra grymaJro qryalrrl

ll

33 , 1959

8l

Vpax eenmu

Conjugation of the verbsby model IIIICATb (write)

o)-y " Tbt mtmeltrb on (ona, ouo) nmer Imperative
I

PresentTense
l,lbl BbI OHII

trtr|trEM |ITTtrET

rrumyr

nnt

nnurre!

PastTense ou (r, ru) TIICAJI oua(r, rrl) IIc:ura

otro onn (uu, nrr) nI{caJIo
IItrCAJITI

Ex. 19.Write the verbsIIOHIIMATb (understand),lL3VI{Nlb(sndy), yMATb (think)by the modelqIITATb. Checkyour results. NOHI4MATb Present Tense
IIOHI4MAIO ' TI IIOHI4MAEIIIb

143YTIATb Present Tense r

TbI on(ona, ono)
MbI BhI oH

yMATb Present Tense r

TI'I

n3)qarc
H3rraellrb I,I3]{aer
I43) IaeM 143) raeTe I43],4IaIOT

waro
WAEIIb

on(ona, rronrrMaer
MbI BbI OH NOHI{MAEM IIOHIMAETC IIOHI4MAIOT

ou(oHa, )Maer ouo)

M6I WAEM

Bbr oHr4

yMaere yr!{aroT

noruaua! nouuuarel PastTense oH (r, ru)

oHa (q, rbr) oHo
IOHI4MAI

Imperative usyra! usyrare!

lWa! gprare! Past Tense

NOHI{ML'IA NOHI4MAJIO IIOHITMAJII,I

oH (r, rr) oHa(r, Tbt

oHo oHr4(Mbr,Bbr)

our,r(uu, nrr)

3Yr{aJI I,I3) IlIa I{3YIIUIO 3yIiIII

PastTense ' ou (x, mr) }.[{AJI

oHa (q, T6t yMana

oHo onr,r(rrau,w,r). 82

waJro yMaJfil

Vnnk

eaqmrt

-5I:naro fl wtytwo

PyCCKI4I.fl3blK

I -f rosoon

| .[ noulrlvraro
l cnpaurrmaro

flO-PyCCKI{

- orse.rarc (ppanqyscrca -r:r,rr anr.n[cro,t gsrrr

r,rcnaucton qgrtr
,3bIK

no-@panqysoc,r uo-aguuricrcr
fio-ficrraHcr<t,r

pycaeu Ex. 20. Readthe text. Mw aeytaem sswrc. Oro naur )lrrr4Bepcrarer. flo.qroronure.n*tsrft ( preparatory) $atcyx:.ler. flepnrr ( firsr) vtax (floor ). Bor uaura aypropts. (classroom). Tyr cro:rrr. Ctena (on the W) orcro.Cnpaaa( on herigh g.F;ep, ( door)u rKa(bbr. T)'r
ocKa 14KapTa.

Ce.rac ( right now) ypor. flpenogaBarorrb (the teacher) cnprurcaer lo-pyccKr,. Mrr orse.Iae, Toxe [o-pyccrc4. - Yro sro? - 9ro yve6nur (textbook). * flpanrurrno (riqht). A ero yre6nvr? - Her, ero He yre6nn<. 9ro c.noaapl. - IIe ero yre6nnr<? - Ll:ar.mare, ,a He rtonuMaro.florropure, noxaaycra. - IIe sro yre6nrm? Blr nogutrlaere,vro_a tonopro? - [a, cefitac s [ourrMa]o. 3ro lro yre6nm<. flpeno4anare.nb roBopar [o-pyccK MeneHHo (slowly). Cryeurur nc (everything) rroHrrMaror rr orBeqaror [paBlrJrbuo.

KAK?
correct loudly slowly well trpaBfinbHo-HelpaBrfJtbHo rpoMKo - T[xo Me[eHHo - 6ncrpo xOpO|nO trJroxo uncorrect quietly .fast bad

Ex. 21. Answer the questionsand write the answen. Craxrare, ero npeno4anare.rr? Br,r :naere, r4e on pa6oraer? Ou pa6oraer n Ynrcepclrrere? qro rr3) raror cryeuT,B Br,r enaete, Vnr.roepcurere? Onr,r rr3) {aor pyccraarl xsr,rr? Ha ypore [penoaBarenb roBopr,rr no-pyccrcr? Crygenm nonr4MarcT, Kor npe[oaBar]rb roBopdr no-pyccrcr? Moxer 6rns (maybe), cryeHTl,r xoporuo [our4Maror, rroroMy uro (because) [perroaBare.rbroBoprir ue4lexllo? Crygenrrr BHr4MareJrbHo cJryl[aror, rro roBopI4TrpefloaBareJlb?9ro ge.raror cryeHTbl, ec,llu @ oHI{ He noHrrMalor, gro roBoplfr npenoaBareJr},'! Ecttu cryexTbr He rroHl4Maror, {To roBopI4T [pefloaBareJrb, oH [oBTopxer (he repeats, nosmopamb - to repeat) ? Kor.ua (when) rtpenolaBaTejrb rroBTopeT, cryeHTbrnoHr,rMarcT,qro oH ronopnr? Crygenrrr aBHo [3yqaror pyccrr,r asrrr? Cry4enrb aBHoxrrByr B Mocr<se?
J

9ro ynr.mepcrrer. Ihis s the Universitv. Oro uo4rmoarrre.rrnu Sarcy;rmer preparaoryFaculty

JIK - nr*raSrrrr
KAOI4HET

phonetic class-room

iponer.pcrax
na6oparopvtx phonetic laboraory
ayIjfiopr4fi.

{ T T T T IT! _E{TTTI!!

V (rirrn) erax

frrth floor
IV (veraprun) wax forth floor III (rp&rnz) erax third floor II (arop'o) erax second floor I (npnu) erax first floor
saltr hall

i t rxt m
-r r r ! ! ! I I
\fl n r__lr-r r ull
Bepb-Bepr4 door-doors
BXO BbD(O

class-room \

r lr t-{
exit

entrance

ra6lnrer

9ro aropori grax. Oro Kopr,op corridor

office
sane.4noIr1r, raQe4po head of the chair
3aI\.{ecTanenb eKaHa vice dean eKaH dean

<a6rzner rpava ftrst-aid

qpe[oaBaTnr4 professors

84

Vporceenmt'r

floronoK ceiling na7a lamp

-=:::=:::::::: KapTa

@
cryxl chair

7oJrloor clreB,a to the left crpa&ato the ight

lrpxlr.osffiaight (in front) noceper4He in the middle

IIOJIKA

pepb Tp-gr(a TeTpab pyirKa nl4Iet](A

shelf door duster notebook pen ruler

urra(p
McJI

cupboard
chalk

c.norpr dictionaty y.rOxra< turt book <apangur pencil

pe3I4HKA erAser

l4nopv'uus. 15.1X.97 n sry6e ronifepnqr,rr

Pacrnncw,rc Time zawinw table 9:15 - 10:50 pyccKrs3brK l1 : 0 0- 1 3 : 0 0 cnopT

Homework l. Answer the questions. Ie sbr xrmre? (Jloruon) l4e xranyr raurlr 4py:rx? (JLznepny.rr)Ile xrtalr' Angpe n Hr,l<u:ra? (Kuea) Kyga nrr e4ere?(Kraen)Kyaa eer Barrr (Co.ru) Ky4a e4r apyr? ,[xon u [xytr? (flerep6ypr). lae nu 6unu? (uy:e) Ky4a nrr rgre? (rearp) 2. Put in thesewords: ,{rrraro... . ruo6.nro ... Mu eelr ... Onr,rqJ,'r ... Ona 6rura ... Ona ,,Moctga,,) pa6oraer... (uxo.na,KIrHo, Tearp,Kuey, crwxu, xypHLlI 3. Put in the verbs WTI4, EXATb, EbITb, XllTb: .f ... a Jlongon e. fl" ... s reurpe. 9.... n Kraeee. fl, ... s wtyo. ... a MocKBe. . ... n napr. .[ ... Co.{[ 4. Translate into Russian: This is my friend Max. He livesin Moscow.He is a worker.He worksat the factory. His wife is a doctor. There are their children. They live here for a long time. 5. Translateinto Russian: This is my family. This is my father. He is a worker. He likes to work. In eveninghe lilcesto read newspapers and magazins. This is my mother. Sheis a doctor. Sheworks in a hospital.Thereis my brother.He is a student.He studies.in the univenity. He likessports.He likeshockey.Thereis my sister. She works in the univenity. She is a professor. She likes to sins and to dance. ShelikesRussian. 6. cross out superfluous characters to readcorresponding proverb s: Betterlae than never and Morning is wiser than evening.
ryfl IIeTMreug<]Io3.(HorTBprIeqeMTpIernr]rKora c"rpyrpou(f pmrBeqepar4Mrp4ryp euee

7. Write new wordsin alphabetical orderin the special notebook.

W""ae"*"rl

Lesson 10. YPOK ECTbII,I

The Soft Consonant Iq [u'l
The consonant [q'] is invariably soft. It has no English counterpart. When pronouncrng the soft consonant [q'] the position of the tongue resembles the position of the tongue pronouncingthe sound [v'] , but there is the first moment of [v'] articulation. After q neverwrite letters , ro. trIa u ry qe q Ex. l. Readthe syllables and words. qa - Iqa a( rI - UA eU q - u oq s - trnoua,F (f) tqf - ry cy - trry roBapnq ruI qe - qe qe - qe oq Bee (f) .r ru trnau Utr - Ir - ur{

w'w

still, yet a sqiare a comrad,afriend a thing a raincoat

The Plural ofthe Nouns The nouns ending in the letter "b"after 9r Er x, m belong to the feminine. The nouns rending in the letters q, x, m, u belong to the masculine.
Bpaq
EO:

BetrF cJroBapb - crroBaprl Terpab - ltTprr

ToBaptrq in the end of the word. Bpaq - Bpatrx_ BetrIb- Bemu Remember! MTb- MareDrl mother - mothers

The Plural of these nouns have the vowel "ll"

Pay attention to the place of the stress in the Plural. cmn - cro.n npar - npav uocr - uocrr Ex. 2. Read.
Be& - BeIqII TOBAprrq - TOBApnqII raq - IInatrII| spAq - Bpall Baff nJraq Bam ToBaptru Hatlr|| Be tramll roBaptrqll

Ex. 3. Read,payingattentionto the centerof I,IK-3 and IIK-I.

11

ecrburaq. (.[a, ecr.) - Y Bacecrr rurau?- a, y MeHff 3 1 I 11 y Y Bac ecrr MeHr ecrb rolapml. mrapnq? - a, fla, ecrr.)
87

3tl l l Ero Ban ulau? -,{a, ero monlant. (a, uofr.) 3l l tl 9ro Baur reqx? - .[a, ero MorrBeItIn. (la, uoll.) 311 - 9ro Baurrorapuq? - Her, sro nro6par.

Who of these persons answers Whose things are these? Irt the question" Ye ero trra[?, questrons and answers with the Ex. 4. Read the words and the sentences. Mocxra - uocxrq - mocmnq ruocxrsxa - mocxnqxn lrocxnrq .lexcan4p l[ranor Moscovite(m., and pt.) Moscovitr(f.,'and pt.)

- MocrBrrrr.

31 Ero xena Harama- MocrBrrqxa. 3t

VIx ern Ka'rq u Korq - MocrBrrqrr.

The Fifth IntonationalConstruction

(r4K_s)

wirhpronouns KAK, KAKOI, CKOJIbKO o,nfu,notv).

/-. --Kaxo ropo! --

..

klK-s is most vividly seen whfle expressing appreciation in the sentences

Whata /ne city!

Kax ona roBoprrr no-pyccxn! nd how shespeal<s Russian!

88

Vpoxecnmtt

Compare the intonationof the sentences: 2

Kax on noBopnrno-pyccrn? (OH roropnr Iro-pyccx rpaBlnbuo) How well doeshe speakRussian? Ki* o" roBoprrr no-pyccxn! ({a, overn xoponro!) And how he speaks Russian! Ex. 5. Read and translateinto English. Pay attention to the types of I4K.

a) - Kax oHronoprrrno-pyccxn?

6) - Kaxo ero nopo4?

1l On ronopnr tro-pyccx xoportro. - Oro Mocxsa. 55 Kax on roBopnr no-pyccrar! - Kaxo ero nopo,q! L2 5 - Kaxo 6oarruoropo4! -.[a, o.rernxopouro! Ex. Readthesewordsand text. cron[qa Pocurn Russia's capital centerof the capilaL uenapcronrrqu Kpacnar rJroqab RedSquare Kpenul Kremlin Mango.ne Mausoleum Mocxna Mocxra - cronrqa Pocorn. I{errrp crolnqu - Kpacnar utorqab, 3131 B uernpe - Kpem.nr u Marsore Jlennna. Healexo Eo.nrmorearp. 'Homework l. Put in the verb IOBOPIITb . Bu ... no-anulncrol? ,Her, -fl ... no-pyccrcr.On rr,roxo... [o-pyccKr,. Onr,roqesr xoporo... [o-pyccKr,I. Mo crrn -rrHe ... no-aum?ritcrg4. HeMHor ... no-amnracrc,r. Baurr orr4... no-anr:rncrcr. Balr1a .uo.n roxe ... no-pyccr<u? Trr... no-anuwftcrut? 2. Write the endingsof the words. qerrpe py6n...,Bal[Iarb Ko[e...,rpraronefu..., 4ecarr py6tr... 3. W-rite pronouls: the possessive
Oqb, CbIH, XeHA, MJDK,TOBApI/UI,BeIIlb, BpAq, nOqTA, IICMO, qAIIIKa.

4. Answerthesequestions. Kar eac sonyr? f4e sbr xrare? Brr xerarrr (aauyrnerr,r)? Kro salrra xeua (upx)? Ige nu pa6oraere?V nac ecm efl,r?fe srr 6rur,r? Blr .rro6rme rearp? Brr .nro6rz:re wflarb?
12 3... ! 1959

5. Translateinto Russian. I live in London. I am a doctor.I am married.My wife doesn'twork. These are my children. We are going to Petersburg.My wife speaks Russian. 6. Translateinto English. 3 - Bn ronopnreno-pyccnr? 3 - flonmpnre, noxa.rycra. 3 - Brr mropure o-pyccm? I - .fl eu nnoxo noBopx) tro-pyccti.
4

- A namrompnu?
,

- O! On yxe xopono noBoprr tro-pyccx[. 3 - A Bu mBopxre no-Spaxrryscru? I - .{a, ueunoro.

7. Write the answers. L Kar nac eonyr?2. Btr pyccru (pyccrax)?3. I4e nn xsrc? 4. Brr {ocrn}r.{ (uocrnnvxa)? 5. Bn lro6r.rreMocroy? 6. Blr cry4enr (cry4eurra)? 7. Bn pa6oraere? 8. Bn pa6oraeren yrrurepcurere? 9. le srr pa6orae:re? 10.{ro nrr mo6uree.rarb Beqepou? Brr lIor.rre qurarr? ll. tlro nlr lrc6ure qurarr? 12. Kro narunro6raurr (prefer) nltcarem? 13. Bu no6rarerraso?Bu:lo6r,rre rearp? Kro raru:uo6uurr aprucr? Kro saur nro6uMbr rounosurop? Kro nau lrc6urrlu xygorcrur? 14. Bu lIo6rare cnopr? Bu lrc6ure $yr6o.rr? Br,r.nro6rnre 6acrer6ol? 15. Brr xenarrr (sarrayrreu)? 16.V nac ecrr 4erra?17. l.ue yxe pa6orarcr? onu lcrayr? 18. Bauruerr{cryeurlr?OHra Olru lro6rr cnopr? 19. V nac ecrr.4pysrx? Kro onu? Onu r,ruxenepu? Onu grouorraracrrr? Onu npavu? Onn nolnyr s MocKBe?Onu pa6orator n Mocxse? 20. Bau gpyr xenar? (Baruanoapyra sarr.lyz<elr?) Kax ero sonyr? (Kar e sonyr?) 21. Bst roBopr.rreno-auraucrur (noHeMeqKlr, no-ucnaHcxr,r)? A nauraplr? Bu roBoprrre uo-pyccrra? Brr qTaereraseru? Bnr moure r{r4Tarb rrrerr? Crornxo cror{T ra3era "Times"? Brr sHaere,cKoJrbKo crorT ra3era "Ceronq" n Mocrse? Brr snaere,cKoJIbKo cror,rr)rypHan"Honrr rr.rup"? 8. You have a photo of your family. Show it to your conversationpartner, name all the peoplein the photo and tell what they do. 9. Write a letter to one of the Russianpeople,with whom you want to get acquainted.Tell about yourself,your life and work. 10.Write all new words in alphabeticalorder in specialnotebook.

90

Singwith us
KJITIHKA
Karlttra, KaJrr(a,

KALINKA
You, dearsnowball tree , My snowball tree. You, dear sweetie , Dear sweetie in the garden. Under a pine-tree,a greenpine-tree Put me to sleep. Hi, luly-luly, Hi, luly-luly, Put me to sleep. greenpine-tree Dearpine-tree, Don't rustleabove my head. Hi, luly-luly, Hi, luly-luly, Don't rustleabove my head. Beauty,the girl of my dream, Will you love me, please. Hi. luly-luly, Hi, luly-luly, Will you love me, please.

Kanranca uor, B cay-moaua.lnnnca, Ma.nnrra Mo.{, flol cocnoro, rro 3eJrHoro Cnarr no;roxrme Bbr Merrg. A, rrro.rtlt-rlolt, Air, ttomr-lfiofi4, Cnar rro.uoxr.ne Bbr MeHq. Cocnyurxa,Tbr3eHaq, He nryu ru uago nano, A, tnott:a.-snonw, A, .nroln-.nro.m, He lrryu rrr na4o uno. Kpacarunqa,A/rrra-eBr/trIa, .flo;no6ra xe rbl Merrrr, A, .nIolr-lnrnz, A, lrolu-.ruoan, florro6r,r xe rbr Menrr!

t2*

9l

KATIOIIIA Pacqserarug6nonu n rpyr[r, flormrrrra ryr'.ranrr. nag pero. Brxognna na 6eper Kartorua, Ha srrco n 6eperna Kp)"ro. Buxogrua, uecuo 3aBorl;ra flpo crennoro cllsoro opna. flpo roro, Koroporo nro6rala, flpo roro, rlblr nr,rc6Ma 6eper.na.

KATYUSIIA Appleand peartreeswere blossoming out, The mists wererising abovethe river. Katyusha cameto its bank The river high bank, steepba. Shecameand begansinging About a steppebluish eagle,* About the eagle,her friend sheloved. About her darling,whoselettersshekept.

O, rrr, rrecnrl,[eceuKaeBr.rlbr, Hi, the song,a girl's song, Tu leru,:a .rcHbIM corHUeMBcJIe. Fly following the clearsun. I,I 6ory Ha aJrbHeM norpaHr,rqbe Sendbestregards from Katyushka, Or Karrorur nepenat npr,rBer. To a soldier,who is servingfar away at the border.
on BcrroMHrlreByruKy rrpocTyro, Ilycrt yclrnulr, xax oHa nor. flycru on seulrc 6epexr poHyro, A ntoosr Kanorua c6epexr. flycu

Let him rememberthe homely girt, Let him listen to her singing, Let him defendthe native land. And Katyusha will save the lov.

* "Eage"' in Russiaa man, whom the girl loves and who is strong and brave, is often called"an eagle".

Russian speech. Conventions Kar ronopar no-pyccKl,I 1. Ilplnmcrrrr. flpoqama. 3apaacrnyrre!3aparcrey! ,{o6poeyrpo! o6prr aenr! o6prn se.rep! Ilpuaer! O.reur pa,u re6a (nac) rretrl Kaxal acrpeva! Kar asHolrrr re sr4qertacl! Kar era?Kar naurue.na? Cnacra6o. Bcexopouro. Cnacr6o. Bce nopuamno. [o cruaalr'trsl ,{o sar:rpa! Bceroxopourerol Bcero.4o6poro! qeloBeny: 2. KLs.oparnrrcr x fle3rraKououy Mo:roo.reroner! Mo.no.(rre.rno.ua! .{erlrura! .{eryurcr! Manrqlu<! .[enovra! Craxlrre , noxa.rycra, .... I4saunrre, cKa)t<llTe, noxa.nycra,... Vlzntmtne,Bu re anaere, rge.... Kax orrErnrr: [a, noxa;rycra. Bac! ,{a, cnyruarc 3. Ecrn Bn xoture trro-To (o veu-ro) trotrpocrrrb: Craxrme, noxarycra, .,. .{afrre, noxanyftcra, ... florroprre, noxalyrcra, .fi eule rrJroxo roBoprorro-pyccKr,. B Mocroe. -[ nearno)flxrBy Ioroprre, noxanyrcra,MeJreHHo. .I eureruroxoroBopro no-pyccKlr. ' 4. Kax orser[ru na npocr6y: [a, uoxa.nycra. {a, ronevno.
IlsnlrI,rfe. t He 3HarJ.

C y4oaoarcrnueu. 5. Kax npnr.lacrrrbB tocru tr KaKorBernrb Ha. npr Jrarnenae: flpurnauraro Bac (re6r) B rocrr{ 3aB,rpa. Cnacu6o.C y4oeo.rucravelr.
93

6. B naraoxxe: Cxa;orre, noxa.ryrcra, y Bacecrpyccro-arrur,lcrun orouapr? aftre, uoxanycra,cJroBapb. Cronno crou:r cnonapl? 7. Tpancropr: Karor gro anro6yc? On raes qen'rp? Craxrtre, noxa;ryrlcra, re Merpo (cramg{r uerpo)? cerqac? Brr sD(o.fie llsnr,nru:re,uoxno rrporhnz? 8. B xnno (r racce): Craxrme, noxa;ryricra, ecrr 6ruetu wa 2 (pa) uaca? Cro;rno crorr 6me'r? 9. B xacce: V nac ecm ta,lreru xa 6a,ret <<Xngelp>? V rac eqrr 6nrreru B EorbIrro rcarp? arre, noxa.rycra, 6ra.ner. V sac ecm 6wrcrrl B rupK? 10. Ha ynnqe: llsnr,trrl.rre,oKDKI4Te, noxa.ryrcra, r4e Eolruro tea'ip? I,Igzre np-nrao.

94

YNPAXHEHIIfl

JIg PAEOTbI C MATHIITOOOHOM

(DOH ETI4q ECKI4E .III4KTAHTbI

1. au, TaM, HM, naKT, TaK, oM, sraKan, yI![, Kor, Yc, cYn, 3oHT, crou, KTo, 6arox, 6anan, 6axra, ungyc, Karrara, croJl, Mocr, [ocr.

Tbl,BauI, Karrycra, 2. flarr, (!arr, nryr,6lror, rryx, arr, $arr, 6yx, ruror,3urbr,
JIATa, KyCTbr, KATOK,rr,'IarOK, JIaMIrbr, 6arnu, yclr. [yM, ur1, uryu. u.1r, 3. Crnr, caM, cou, 3BoH, no3a, tto3bI, ca3aH, 3aca.ua. sraH, cralroK, II?JI. )KI4lr, Ca,6r, Ury6a, TYU, YU, UyrK, 4. Arr.r6ap,Topr, rropr, 6opr, rpana, [paBa, rpoM, pbl6aK, KpacKa, fpoM, rpw, rapDK[, rpyrrr4, rporu, Ap6ar, urap(f, ]IIToprr.r, [rrypM, ur:ra6rr, ulna6pa, .qpa-

ra, uryp$, rropbr. rlr4rara,MarpaIL aKIreHT, 5. I{enrp, {n-or,cqenu, TaHrbr, uI4pK,ueJI, ueHT,
IIHTbI.

rtycr, KoHb; .{anb, TroK, TKaHb,crar-q, 6. ,4eur, TeH,IrI4Tb,yrb, rurbrrb, I,eIr, rJrarbtr, wrcru, 6a.netn, $yr6o;t, cBer, lper. 7. Cutru, cunt'r, usnt ., cerb, crarb, ucnz:r, 6ygrau , 6yaw, ne$rr, cneq, nom,, cTaJb, cTJr, 6mrTbl, BlrHTr,rK, cr:r, cepu, cblp, cgp. eru, Bracrb, 6relr, ltlrrc, BaJrer,coprlr, ecrrr4, 8. .{nnu, 6ot, rc:ia,,,t6ura, y3rlbl, crBbl, KrIIoqI,,KruIKcbI,cIIu, c[arb, crarh, crapbrr, \.{y3hIKaHT, Macr},, pasnu. rrurcc, c;ra6rr, cr'rnr;nttit, rpacrrr, 9. M-s.{, qacrb, qllcrra, vpnrr, [prlrr,rHbl, Hoqr4, Korrror, pyrer, vucr, ceur,, {epHb,qyryH, TItKt{, TaIIK}I. epcTb, KolrrKlt, Hoqbro,IyJIaHbI, 10. Heurpr, uraxrbl, rllomyrb, rlex, qexlr, rrax, Tex, tttlrpb, IrpMa, rrapM, cKaJ'ra, rrmaJrbl, xeprB, xarDKa, 3or, coK, lesr, u1n, xur,r, xlmor. qr{a, 11. Ilrarlrff(, rurtou, ryula, qaIrra, rqyKa, qyecurrr, lr1rrur, porqu, rrfforq, ruuDKra, ruraq, [ypr4n, .neu1, Jlrra, urcr, crnqrr, Ier<t,. 12. Ee.{Hrrr, wronu., cbrnbr, HrrrKr4, -nravnrr, r:,zlolutt,t, necur, 6acrrz, uy:t, ue:r, sa6oru, flTrrrlbr,pbTr,,pbrcb,pocrr, quSplr, ysr,r, rrblrrb.

95

Vnpaatnenun

1 4 K T A HT b I l. Oro Mocrna. Bor oM.3ro rounara. Tyr vaua, rana cbru. 2. Maua, rrarra n cbHoMa. Bor KoMHara. Tau orcro.T,!"r,cro;r. Bor cyn r,coK. 9To craKaHbr. 3. 9ro nauraKoMHara. Bor orcro. Tau ca4. Bor ryct. 4. CrTra I,Maura.{orr,ra. I4 Arrron orvra. 5. 9ro naur 6par Anrou. On 4oua. A gro rot Aroc. 6. Oro uo plr. Oro Mo.r fiopyra.9ro lro 6par. 7. Kro sro? 9ro Balr pyr'? a, gro uopyr IIIypa. 8. Brr gryern? Merrr sonyr Mapr. A rar Bac [a, x cryerT.Kar BacaoByr? sonyr? Merra soayr Marc. 9. V Bac ecm 6par? la, y uenx ecrr 6par. Kar ero sony'r?Ero soryr Ba"qr,ru. Ou ropracr? Her, on aprr{cr. 10. Mor a4pec.Mocrca, yrroIa lapr,r6anr4r. .{orr,r 4ecxr. Kraprrapanmr. 11. Mo re.ne$on. Y re6g ecrr uo reneSon? [a, .ecrr. 12. fl x*rty B Mocroe. A r4e Bu xlmre? fl, xtzr.yn [y6He. A rae !y6lra? .{y6Hana Bo;rre. 13. Kyaarrr ugum? uxy s romo. Trr.luo6nul romo?Oqenr nrc6no. 14. Kyaa rrr ra4nrr? fl ugy wa crarron.Trr lro6rnur cnopr? ,,{a, s rro6nrc 6acrer6o.n. A rrr? fl .nro6lro[rrxMarbr. 15. fae ror 6par? On n ynlmepcrarere. On cry4enr? Her, on nperroaBaTelrb.

16. 9ro Baura rasera?.{a, uox. 3ro Baur lrypnal? [a, :vror. 17. fae noqra? flo.rra ratvr.Y sac ecm vapror? la, noxa:rycra. 18. Cro.rmro morr uaprul? Onr.r crosr oglcr py6.rmrrrbecT KoreeK. 19. Oro Haur )'Hr4Bepclrrer. Bor Harrr Krlacc. Oro rrarrr npeno4anare.rr,. gro Harr loBaprflq ragMann. 20. 9ro Mor4py3b{. Anape xr.mr s Kraese. Hrcra xomr B Mocxae.

96

K YNPAXHEHI4.IM KJITOIII4 Vpor I oKHo. oro, Anua, Anrou, oMa, 2. Moqoa, Bo,ua, 3.[M^crcs'a], [y6lra],["ra], [corl, [s^.(al,[Kycrl,[nan^. AHToH; 4.Myxcror po:oM,coK,Kycr, Mocr, rrarra, cpe4nraipo:oKHo; MaMa. xencrotft po:Mocroa, Bo4, 5. Mrr onaa. I,I Brr oua.Oro Anua. 9ro I4saH.Om Anron. Mrr
3HAKOMbI.

6.Mocroa, oruro;Mocr, cbIH. 7..{ou, oruo, l4naw,Attua,Anron. Ypor 2

1. Mocrrr, croJIbI, JIaMrbI,3rnt't.

2. Myxcror po:cron, uacc, Marc;

po: cnoBo, MotroKo; cpegntaa xencn'u po.q:Bo.nra,launa, Mocxaa. 4. [vrr], [rnacc], [c;tosr], [^Icrol. 5. Kro ero? 9ro A;ura. Ona oua. Kro gro? Oro Marc. Os oua. 7. Kounara, Bo.nra,crol, MoJIoKo.

Vpor 3
l. Haura Mocrea, Harrrca,HarrreoKHo, BarrrHo)K,naura Bolra, naur rana, Halrra Auna, naurr lrra$rr, Balra JroxKa, Balr oM, Barra KOMHara,BArrra MarI4Ha, BalII CbrH,Hallr} oKHa, H[rra ruKoJra. KoMHarbI, 2. Baurracro;rrr, HaIIrI,cau, Halrrrr Malrr4Hr,Barrrr4
BAUII4 OKHA.

3. Mlurcxoft po4: urra$, Krracc,cbrn, croJr,MaJrbrru; po: cnoBo, oKHo; cperrr.r xencxrn po: rlrKoJra,JoxKa, KoMHara,MaIIrI4Ha. 4. [norrrrll, [r"rga,r, [rr.raurrrrrl, [car], [urro;rc], [rnyn], [cnoer], Inou]. 5. Kro sro? Oro naru crrn. gro Arron. Kax nac soeyr? A,ura. Mu 3HaKoMbr. 9ro gro? 9ro naura urKoJra. Bor naru rcracc.Bor nalr ca.9ro H rr oM. Bor naura KoMHara. 7. Knacc. Cnoso. Kounata. IIka$. Ilkona. 8. Kounara, oKHo,oM, ca. Vpor 4
zJ.

Myxcroft po.q: 6par, cbrp, LU,IpK, IIeHTp, pa3roBop, llpryrcr; po: xencrur rropyra,r/Kpa, crleua, pu6a, Aurapa. lqenrp, [cnn], [r"mn^<ol, lqbrpr], [^rp^noul, [yrpr], [nou], [carl, [ruacrrr], ["rp^nou]. [u^anvlr, [4pyx],

l3 3.R!t lt le59

4. 9ro IIIypa. .{a, ero uo 6par. On a(norar (arponorvr). 5. Kar Bac sonyr? Marc. A rar Bac soayr? .{xolr. }ro Bau 4pyr? [a, ero llran. 7. Mo;roro..Crrp. Mac.iro.Ko(pe. Topr. 8. Xypna.n, rrox, pu6a, 3aBrpaK. Vpor 5 l Mytr<crorpo1: plr, ropr, IOpa, 6par, nox; xeucrun pog: .rxa, noga; cpe4nl pog: r6noro, MonoKo,cJroBo. 2. Moq (raol) rorranara,uo (mo) oM, Mo_rr (raox) uaurrura, (rno) npyr, lro (rno) c.noao. rr,rol 3. K:ro gro? Kax e sonyr? Kro e,ro?Kar ero soew? 4. Hawu ca.qhr,Mor4xypHaJIbI, BarrrrKoMHarbI,,uo" ooru, uu*"
CJIOBA.

5. [xo-irrgrrl, [xrp^uro], [rontrrm], ln^lpyml, [.nourrrl, [car], [uu^ro], [apyr]. 6. Oro Mocroa. Oro rlenrp. ugy gouoit.Bor uo 4ou. Oro uor.r orcra. Bor Mo KoMHaTa. 9To Harrrruracc.gro yro? Oro Harcro;r. J(ro ero? Oro Mo.sfiopyra.Kar e sonyr? E soayl 61la. _ 7. Xo.no4no. Xopouro.Mocrca. C:roso. 8. flo4pyra, pyr, arpouoM, aBoKar, Topr. Vpor 6. 1. Iyut*t, [r'or'rl, [T"r,aur], [fl,orp], [cnopr], Irr^rr,kl,_nl. 2. Myxcror po:xypnarr,Arns; xencrc,npo: crarh_s, KHI{ra, ceMbs, [opyra. Cpelxz po: Merpo.
J. Trur, rolrrarrr, croJbr, MarLrnbr, KaprrrHbr,Kaprbr, rearpbr. 4. Mox xoruuara, TBor ceMb.s,rr,ro4ou, ,uo" ,*r-u, Mo sta:r,rr, Mor Marb, TBo_ Terpa.[b,rsol orer1. 5. Ttr ne 3naetrrb,rro yro? [a, x snan, Kro sro. Oro cry4enr? ero cry4eur. Kar ero son1,r?Ero:oeyt IOpa. 6. Marr, oreq, 6par, cectpa. 7. Trs, ceMhq,orerI, cryenT,Terp tr-.

Vpox 7. 1. Myr<cror po4: lryae, Tearp, cryeHT, rs, orerl; xeHclotr po: croJrlltrIa , ylrwr\a, rocrI4HlIIIa, .{Bepb,no)<Ka, Tauxna, ltarr;
cpeHltr po: oKHO, MOJTOKO.

rra, uo gxgg,, woir6par, uo crrn. ?. Y"" uam, uor orer{,Mo_rr 3. -I-xroy n flerep6ypre.Mo orerl xrcr n [y6ne.-Mo.qp1r xr,rer Arrrra 1rrtaB My3ee. ?--trupry.. fl, 6Hn s uysee..{ern 6rurr.rs 6rur B yr-r,rBepcr4rere. Auna v -*o.. VLlla;r 6rr,ru n:reatpe. $Vna .{eru 6rrrlt s qrzpKe. Mot,tpysrxpa6oraror Ha3aBo.qe.
98

Vnpaarcnenun

4. [car], [cr^rr,rurr], lla r'yr'yl, [pr'lm'npc'rr'er], [uys's], [cn^c'ra6r],l^Hrp'sftI. 5. o6pr 4erm,A;ura!,flo6prrft germ, An4peft! Ky4a rrr r44un, Alrlra?lae ru 6rura, Nr:na? fl.6ua n qenrpe. Trr 6rrna n rearpe? HEr, .s 6bura B My3ee. 6. Vrlmepcrrrr. Croru.qa. Tearp. 7. Mocrca. Iocrr.mcla. Cromala. Vnurepcrarer. Ilko.na. 8. Bn xeirarrr, Arqpe? [a, x xewar. Batra xeua r,ulrerep? Ona 6nolor. le ona pa6oraer?Ona pa6omer B r4Hcrr{Tyle. Kro sro? 9ro rvro crur. On crygeuT?On cryaerr-$usrzr<.Brr pa6oraere na sano4e? a, na saloe. Vpor 8 l. 9Ls sro.{ocb? lle sro oreu? {rs gro rounara? grra sro qacu? IIe e,ro6par? lle ero .qpyr?9rlr ero xypnanrr? 9tn gro raserrr? 9rra ero aerra? tlr. gro uaurr,nra? .vlztrarc 2. xypuaJr. Mo oreq pa6maer B rrrKoJre . Mo crnr xoporo rnrTaer. pa6oraroB My3oe qrraror . Epar rl cecrpa rrr,cbMo. -I 3. Mo-srraarrpa6oranaB rrrKoJre. fl.,rzffan xypnaJr. Mox govr wmara rrr,cbMo. Mo gpyr pa6oran B ynr4Bepcrrrere. f4e pa6oran naur orcq? Mor oreu pa6-ora.n Ha 3aBoo. l4e pa6ora;rarnox cecrpa?fe nrr pa6oratrn'lBlr .rrrarLr xypna.n? 4. [p^6ov'ru], [v'I,rrrrp'u], [rrlar'], [rusct'], [.u'sn'rar'1, [4,ec,rr, v'uco(!|, [ov'mr'], [4ov']. 5.Meru sotyr Mapi,m. r;pau. saMyxeru. 9ro rr.ro rvrpr. Ero sonyr xon. 6. Bpav, pa6owt, a,@oKar, )KypHaJlr4cr, alponoM, t4H)KeHep, apracr. 13. Bpau.9errrpe. Marr. .{o.n. 14.Crarrrare, rro sro? 9ro ruo-s 4ovr. Kar e sonyr? E sonyr Kar*. Ona yxe pa6oraer? Het, ona ne pa6oraer.Ona crygernxa?Ona
cTyeHTKa.

Ypor 9 1. .I xrmy s JIoHoHe. Mon.upyarx)KrrByr B Jlurepny.ne. Au4pera Hrarcrraxr{Byr B Kvece. -fl e4y n Kraen.Mor;rapyr e4er a Covn. xorr z [xgr eayt n flerep6ypr. Mrr 6rurv B My3oe . .fl r4r n rear:p. 2. fl.'*rraro )Kypnan <.Mocxla>. .fl.nro6:rro cflDoa. Mrr e4err,r n Kuet. Ouu ra4n B KLrHo. Ona 6rua B Tearpe.Ona pa6oruer B [rr(oJre. 3. fl.6lutr r flercp6ypre. 6rur n rea,rpe..I )KzByB Kr,rese. _g6rl,,rs rcrro. xir4By B Mouoe . fl, ugy u napr. .[ e4y r Covn. 4. Oro nro apyr Aruper I4sauos. Orl xrasr n Kzeae. On pa6ovr.n. On pa6oraetHa 3aBoe. Ero xena npau.Oro w( e.rfi. Bor ro<ou. Onn ganno )Krmyrryr. 5. gro lvro.s ceMs. 9ro uoft oreq. On pa6ovra. On pa6oraer na 3aBoe. pa6orarr. Bevepou ox rno6lrr il4Tarb )KypHaJrbr On .nro6rar r{ ra3erbr.Oro uo-s uarl. Ona npav. Ona pa6omer r 6o.rrrnr.nre. Ora
13.

99

.rno6rr pa6marr. Bor rvro 6pat. On sryer , KaK n s. On o.reH6 .mo6rar cnopr. On.mo6m xorcce.gro uos cecrpa. Ona pa6oraer n ynrBepcrrTere. Ona rqreuo4aaaro.nr. Ona mo6r rarsreaarLrrrerb. Ona o.reub.nro6rr tearp. 6. Jlywue rro34{o, .rerr, rfld<orau.Vrpo aevepaMypenee. Vpor l0 l. .{ roaopro no-pyccKu. On rrnoxoroBoprrr [o-pyccKrl. Brr ronoprre no-anurrcrr? Her, x He roBoprono-anurmircr<u. Otrtao.rerr xopo[ro roBop.rr [o-pyccKr. Mo cmr HeMHoro roBopr4r no-anr.nmcrr.Bauruerl4roBopT no-arrarttcrcr. Barrra.Eo.r mxe roBopr4tno-arurl cKI{? 2. llerrrpe py6ns, Baularr pyre, ,rprd rlrcrm py6le. 3. Mo crnr, rr,ro uyx, uo ronaprnrSuo npavj '
MOq O!{, MO-'IXeHa, MorI BeII[b, HaIIIa IIoqTa, Mog qautr<a; Mo rMcbMo. 5. .I:rc,oy B JIoHoHe. .fl npav. -fl xenar. Mos xena ne pa6maer.

9ro naruz .4eur.Mrr egeu n flerep6ypr. Mor xora roBoprrr no-pyccKr4.

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Preface A$habetArrparr4r ....,....,...:....... ..............................5 Tableof thehardconsonants. Ta6nraqa nepgbrx coracHLrx ..,.........................,......6 Tableof the soft consonants. Ta6nwp MrKHxcoflracHbrx ..,.-,-.--.-.-.-..,.--.-.-.6 Tableof combinations of the consonants. Ta6nrua coqeraHu co racnbrx ............7 principalpeciaritiesof Russian Some Phonetic System ................,..........,..,.............8 Lesson l. rPOK IIEPBbII. Vowelsa[a], o [o],y [y], e [e],u [u], u [u]. Syllable. Consonants u [rra],6 [6],n [n],n [e], [], [], r[r], n[n], r [r], x [r], s [:], c [c]. Stressed andunstressed vowels.Reduction ofrmstressed vowels. The Genderof Norurs.The Nominative Case.Omissionin the Present Tenseof the Equivalent ofEnglishVerb <TO BE>.TheFirstIntontional (lIK-l). Constrution Homework. Lesson 2. I.POK BTOPO. ..................... ..........21 The Hard Consonant x [n]. The Plural ofNorms. The Second Intonational Construction(LIK-2). Homework. Lesson 3. yPOK TPETII ..................................25 TheHardConsonants il [r], x [x]. Possesive Pronouns HAIII our(s),BAIII your(s). VoicedandVoiceless Consonants. Homework. Lesson 4. l?OK !IETBEPTbtr. ................. .................................30 p [p]. The Hard Consonant q [q]. The Third Intonational The Hard Consonant Construction tr{K-3.Homework. Lesson5. frPOK IIflTb TheHardConsonant x [x]. The SoftConsonant []. Letters e, , ro, e. Possessive Pronorms 1 and2 Persons Singular. TheHardStemAdjectives. (Whatkind of ... raxo, xarax, xaxoe). Question andAnswers. Functionsof Adjectives in a Sentence. Homework. Lesson6. YPOK IIIECTO. +) TheSoftConsonants [6'], [n'], [s'], tQ'1,tr"r'1, [H'], [r'], [n']. TheNegativeAnswersto the Questionwith IIK-3. The Letter <o>.The Verbs. The Conjugationof e Verb 3HATb (to know). The Pesent Tense. Imperativeof the verbs.Homework. Lesson 7. yPOK CEIFMO. .................... ..................................50 The Soft Consonant ofe verbsJIIOEIITb (ro love). [n']. The Conjugation Th Present Tense.The AccusativeDenotingthe Direct Objectof Nouns InanimateMasculineandNerer. The Soft Consonant [p']. The Conjugation of the Verb XI,ITb (to live). QuestionF[E? (where?) The Prepositional ofNouns. The Prepositional DenotingPlace. TheEndings ofe Prepositional Singutar. The SoftConsonant [c'], [s']. The Conjugationof the Verb PAEOTATb (to work). The PastTenseof the Verb. The Verb EbITb (to be) in the Present andPastTense.Homework.

Lesson8. .POKBOC6MO .............................61 .r [v']. Countl(l-20) The SoftConsonant Koropu uac?what time is it? The conjugation of e verb gzrATb (to read). TheAccusativeDenotingThe Direct o_Uect. The conjugation orae verb 4Elel (to do). he IntenogativePronotm tIE (whose?). The Fo'rth Intonational Construction(IIK-4). Proverb.Homework. Lesson9. .POK ruBffTb ...............................j2 The SoftConsonants The Conjugation of the VerbfOBOp?ITb [r'], [r'], [x,]. (to speak, to say).The Conjugationof VerbsHITI4 (to go, to walk) and EXATb (to go,to havel by...).Expression of Place andDirection. The Construction th e Questions |E? and KyA? The Construction CKOJIbKO CTO?IT...?(How muchis ... D CKOJIbKO CTO-flT...? (How muchare... ?). Conjugation of e Verbsby modelgI{TATb, CTIPAIIII,IBATb, OTBEqATb, CJIYIIIATb, IOHI4MATb, I43YI{ATb. of theVerbsby model III4CATb (ro write). AyMATb. Conjugation Text <Mu r.r3yqaeM pyccKr qslm>>. TheAdverbs. Homework. Lesson 10.yPOKmCflbtr .............................87 q [rq']. The Plural ofe Nouns.The Fifth Intonational. The Soft Consonant Construction (ZK-5). Text <Mocrga). Homework. Singwi us:Kannrlxa. Karroura........... ..............,.91 Russian speech, Conventions, Kar rouop_rrno-pyccr4..,..,....,..........................,......93 gnr pa6orrr c rraarnrarotpouoM.......,........,...... VnpaxHeHrax ..........95 (Doueruqecrre r{KTaHTbr....,... ...,....,....,.,....,.........95 ,{r.rxranrrr........ .....,..........,......,..,...96 Key to exercises. Kruoqr x ynpaxHeHrM.. ...,..,....g7

Bao4nr rloneruxo-rpaMMarrqecxuo -r;1lr.i:r,rKa

ro-aHr'c*r.r r nrrq,roBop.sux

T.V. Shustikova Introductory Russian phonetic-grammar course for English speakers JIP lrtb 064795 or I 6.I 0.I 996 Cxano a na6op 23.03.1997. flosnrcaao r rcqa.m2.06.1997 . @opuar 60x90/g. yMaraocsrHar.ne.r. n.13.Tr4rax 50003rc. 3aKa3 J19S9. 3AO (CoBelllleucrB on, ll732l, 4orca, alt 44. Omeqarauo c torororo opnruarr-Ma(era D Croreuc(o o6aa"rno op4eaa <3nax llorera> rrmorpaQan ru. Cuupuooa 214000, Cuoneacr,np-r tol. IO.farapruta, 2

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