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Determining concentrations of potassium permanganate within solutions using the Beer-Lambert Law.

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The objective of this particular experiment was to investigate the concentration of a potassium permanganate solution using its light absorbance values measured using a spectrophotometer. The Beer-Lambert law used in previous studies has shown there is a correlation between light absorbance and concentration. Using the Beer-Lambert law and a spectrophotometer the concentrations of solutions A,B, C and D were determined.

To begin the experiment a 3ml UV plastic cuvette containing a volume of distilled water was placed into a Cecil CE2041 spectrophotometer and used to record and store a baseline. Next, a spectrum was run of a solution of 0.25mM of potassium permanganate (diluted with dH20) using the Cecil CE2041 spectrophotometer from the wavelengths 450-600nm. These results were then analysed. They clearly displayed two peaks; this indicated the two wavelengths at which light was absorbed at its strongest. The following step involved preparing nine 4ml, 0.4mM potassium permanganate solutions in individual test tubes. The nine tubes all contained a different amount of potassium permanganate, they are as follows; 0.0ml,0.5ml,1.0ml,1.5ml,2.0ml,2.5,3.0ml,3.5ml and 4.0ml; all of these solutions were diluted by using dH20. Using the test tube containing the 4ml of dH20 the spectrophotometer was zeroed. The spectrophotometer was then used to read the absorbance of the remaining 8 solutions at the wavelength of the first peak. This process was then copied using a fresh cuvette for the wavelength of the second peak. Finally, after zeroing the spectrophotometer again using dH20, the spectrophotometer was set to the wavelength that registered the biggest extinction coefficient and using that value the absorbance of A,B,C and D were measured. Results
Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Water (ml) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Stock KMnO4 (ml) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 (X) Conc. (mM) 0.0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 (Y)Abs. @ 525nm 0.0 0.129 0.271 0.379 0.496 0.612 0.748 0.863 0.981 (Y)Abs. @ 543nm 0.0 0.11 0.223 0.319 0.448 0.563 0.671 0.793 0.905

The wavelengths at which light was absorbed strongest were recorded as 525nm and 543nm. These figures will be used for the data in the following graphs.

A positive correlation between molarity and absorbance was observed on both graphs. As molarity increases, absorption also increases, this indicates that its directly proportional.

Molarity of Potassium permanganate vs absorbance at 525nm


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0.8 Absorbance (Arbitrary Units)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 0 -0.2 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45

Molarity (mM)

Molarity of Potassium permanganate vs absorbance at 543nm


1

0.8 Absorbance (Arbitrary Units)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 0 -0.2 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45

Molarity (mM)

Solution

Absorption

Concentration from standard curve (mM) 0.03234 0.25351 0.41274 0.52552

A B C D

0.06 0.562 0.455 0.583

Concentration from Beer-Lambert law (mM) 0.02427 0.22735 0.3692 0.47168

Wavelength Absorbance Extinction Co-eff. from BeerLambert Law Extinction Co-eff. From Graph

525nm 0.657 2.628 2.4377

543nm 0.618 2.472 2.2697

Previous applications of the Beer-Lambert Law seem to support the findings of this experiment. The trend of both of the graphs have a strong correlation with the Beer-Lambert Law although results from this experiment seem to be slightly off the Beer-Lambert law. This is probably due to simple errors during the completion of the experiment itself. References A. Reid (2012), Prac 2: Extinction Coefficient data for coursework assignment, 4010GNBMOL, Skills for Biomolecular Scientists, Blackboard, 10/01/13

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