Symplectic Representation of the Tardion Sector: Normal Forms

This is a reformatted, rewritten version of the article below, which I originally posted. In the process of discussing the spin-orbit decomposition, a normal form for the symplectic leafs corresponding to the spin non-zero tardion is derived. Out of this also comes the Newton-Wigner position vector. Mark Hopkins Originally: Re: The First Law and Angular Momentum sci.physics Part 1: 2009 December 11 14:07:12 -0800 (PST) Part 2: 2009 December 11 14:41:33 -0800 (PST)

Part 1
Uncle Al <Uncle...@hate.spam.net>, 2009 December 11 11:31 >The spinning perfect circle angular velocity is an artifact of the uniformly spinning circle itself. The angular >velocity of a spinning disk, sphere, or solid object, is an artifact of the uniformly spinning disk, sphere, or solid. So >we have least action consistent, single object, spin angular momentum. >1) How do you know it is spinning? Translation is strictly POV. On a somewhat related note, it may be of interest to note that spin, itself, is translation-invariant. For ordinary systems, this comes straight out of the representations of the space-time symmetry group; namely, that the Poisson bracket {S, P} = 0 , where S = ( S1 , S2 , S3 ) is spin and P = ( P 1, P 2,P 3 ) , the momentum, is the generator for spatial translations. Also, {S, H } = 0 , where H , the kinetic energy, is the generator of temporal translations. One way of thinking of this is that the angular momentum contained in S has an infinite lever arm, attached to asymptotic infinity. Then, Penroses famous cable construction can be directly used to explain the unusual 720-degree symmetry for half-integer spin representations. This is true both the relativistic and non-relativistic settings. It comes about by decomposing the rotation generator (i.e. angular momentum) into J = r P + S , and the boost generator (i.e. mass moment) into K = Mr + a ( P S ) ( m + M ) , where M = m + H is the relativistic mass and m the rest mass. For relativity = 1 c 2 , for non-relativistic theory = 0. Under this decomposition, the following Poisson brackets {r a, r b} = 0, {r a, P b} = a b, {P a, P b} = 0, {r a, S b} = 0, {P a, S b} = 0, {S a, S b} = S a b, all follow from the fundamental bracket relations {J a, J b} = J a b, {K a, K b} = J a b, {K a, P b} = Ma b, {P, H } = 0, {J a, K b} = K a b, {J a, P b} = P a b, {P a, P b} = 0, {P, M } = 0, that govern space-time symmetries.

{J, H } = 0, {K , H } = P, {J, M } = 0, {K, M } = P,

This holds irrespective of the paradigm divide between relativistic and non-relativistic theory; parameterized by , as described above. The brackets {r , S} = 0 also mean that spin is independent of the momentum scale.

Part 2
Spin can also be thought of as whats left over after taking out the translation-dependent part of J . The Poisson brackets can also be represented as transformation properties on the generators, themselves; by writing an infinitesimal transformation as

 = { _, J + K + P H }

where , , and are respectively infinitesimal rotations, boosts, spatial translations and time translations. Then the quantities transform as J = J + K + P, K = K a J + M P, P = P M , H = P, M = P, with J the Thomas precession term and P the mass deficit term that distinguish the relativistic from non-relativistic form. So, having this, you can then ask what the normal forms are. For ordinary systems ( M 2 > P 2 ), the spin S results from transforming J to its minimum residual that is, by finding a lever arm ( R ) under which the infinitesimal transform (by ) integrates out to J J + R P, K K + RM , P P, H H , M M so as to minimize J . Also: the r vector described above almost arises in this way. In fact, it arises by the following 3 step process: (1) Carry out a finite spatial translation (i.e. center of mass). The result is J S , and the translation is by the lever arm R = r , where r is given above. (2) Carry out a finite boost parallel to P , such that J J , K K and P 0 (i.e. the rest frame). The requirement in K uniquely determines what translation to use in step (1). (3) Carry out a finite spatial translation J J and K 0 (corrected center of mass). With the decomposition made explicit, the results of the steps are p S p S (1) ( J, K , P ) = r p + S, Mr + , p S, ,p , m +M m+ M p S p S , p S, , 0 , (2) ( J, K , P ) = S, m+M m+ M p S (3) S, , 0 ( S, 0, 0 ) . m+ M The resulting normal form is invariant under all transformations except rotations on axes parallel to S ; and arbitrary time translations. So, (a) its stationary, (b) it defines a unique position and (c) it defines a unique velocity. Therefore, it is interpreted as a system in its rest frame with the center of mass at the given position, possessing a residual angular momentum S . This construction only works if M 2 > P 2 . For the case M 2 = P 2 , one has luxons (light-speed modes) and for M 2 < P 2 , faster-than-light modes. Then the normal forms and corresponding reductions are different. (In particular, for tachyons, the reduction is to M 0 , while P 0 yields the tachyon impulse as its square: P 2 = 2 ; after the reduction to M 0 ).