I.

GLBP Gateway Load Balacing Protocol 1) Khi nim - GLBP l mt giao thc c quyn ca Cisco c thit k khc phc nhng hn ch ca giao thc d phng cho router hin ti. - GLBP cung cp cc router backup t ng cho cc host cu hnh vi mt gateway mc nh duy nht trn mng LAN theo chun IEEE 802.3. GLBP cung cp cn bng ti trn nhiu thit b nh tuyn (gateway) bng cch s dng mt a ch Virtual IP v nhiu a ch Virtual MAC.Mi client c cu hnh vi cng a ch Virtual IP, v tt c cc Router trong Virtual Router group tham gia vo qu trnh chuyn tip packet. Khi mt client gi ln ARP Request yu cu a ch MAC ca Virtual IP, GLBP gi tr li ARP Reply vi a ch Virtual MAC c gn cho mt Router trong nhm.Kt qu l cc client s dng cng mt a ch gateway,nhng khc a ch MAC cho n. - GLBP giao tip vi nhau thng qua a ch multicast 224.0.0.102, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) cng 3222 (source v destination ). Hello message c gi i 3s/ln, Hold time l 10s.

Cc li ch ca GLBP: - Load sharing: bn c th cu hnh trn GLBP cho traffic ca cc client trong LAN c chia ti trn cc router trong GLBP group, qua cn bng ti (load balancing) trn cc router trong group. Vn load balancing c cp phn sau. - Multiple Virtual Routers: GLBP h tr ln ti 1024 virtual routers (GLBP group) , v mi group c 4 virtual router. - Preemption: GLBP cho php bn c kh nng chim quyn mt con active router vi mt con backup router c priority cao hn. - Authentication : GLBP dng password dng simple text xc thc gia cc thnh vin trong GLBP group pht hin li trong khi cu hnh. Cc router trong GLBP group m c chui string xc thc khc vi cc router thnh vin khc th s khng c chp nhn.

2) Active Virtual Gateway AVG - Tt c cc Router trong group bu chn ra mt con Router tt nht lm Active Virtual Gateway AVG, cc Router cn li lm backup cho AVG. Router AVG l route c gi tr u tin (priority) cao nht, hoc c a ch IP ln nht trong group nu cc router c cng priority. AVG s reply tt c cc gi tin ARP request vi cc a ch Virtual MAC khc nhau. y l thut ton load balacing ca GLBP. ng thi AVG cng phn pht cc a ch Virtual MAC cho cc router trong GLBP group.Ti a c 4 a ch virtual MAC c s dng trong group. Mi virtual MAC gn cho mt router c gi l AVF Active Virtual Forwarder. AVF chuyn tip cc traffic c a ch virtual MAC l ca n. Cc Router cn li s lm backup hay secondary virtual forwarder trong trng hp AVF cht.

- Router A l con AVG cho GLBP group, v router A gi a ch virtual IP l 10.21.8.10; ng thi router A cng l con AVF vi a ch virtual MAC l 0007.b400.0101 Router B l mt thnh vin trong GLBP group,v n c a ch virtual MAC l 0007.b400.0102. - Client 1 c a ch IP default gateway l 10.21.8.10 v a ch MAC ca gateway l 0007.b400.0101

Client 2 c cng a ch IP default gateway nhng c a ch MAC gateway l 0007.b400.0102 bi v router B chia s traffic vi router A. 3) Active Gateway Forwarder AVF - Mc nh GLBP s dng cc gi tin hello message c gi chu k 3s/ln pht hin ra AVF b cht. Trong thi gian Hold time l 10s, m AVG khng nhn c hello message t AVF, n xem nh AVF cht. V AVG gn vai tr ca con AVF cht cho mt router khc. Router ny vn l mt AVF vi mt virtual MAC khc. Nh vy l Router ny c ti 2 a ch virtual MAC. Mc d router c th gi trang 2 a ch virtual MAC c th h tr 2 chc nng AVF,nhng iu ny khng th ko di trong mt thi gian di. AVG s dng 2 b Timer gii quy tnh hung ny + Redirect Timer : quyt nh khi no AVG s ngng s dng virtual MAC c trong cc ARP reply. AVF c a ch virtual MAC c ny tip tc ng vai tr l gateway cho cc client truy cp ti n Redirect timer mc nh l 10 pht (600 giy) v c th nm trong khong 0 3600 giy (1 gi). + Timeout : khi ht thi gian timeout,a ch MAC c v AVF s dng n s c flush ra tt c cc GLBP. Ti thi im ny, cc client vn cn s dng a ch virtual MAC c phi cp nht li a ch mi. Timeout mc nh l 14 400 giy (4 gi) ,v c th nm trong khong 700 64800 giy (18 gi). Cu hnh :
Switch(config timeout if )# glbp group timers redirect redirect

4) GLBP

Virtual

MAC

Address

Assignment

- Mt GLBP group cho php ti a c 4 a ch virtual MAC cho mi group. Router AVG c nhim v cp pht a ch virtual MAC theo th t cho cc router khc trong nhm. - AVG cng gn cho chnh n mt virtual MAC, v n c xem nh l primary

virtual forwarder - Cc router khc trong GLBP group hc a ch virtual MAC thng qua gi tin hello. - nh dng ca a ch MAC : 0007.b400 xxyy xx group yy s th t. 5) GLBP Priority

- u tin Priority c dng bu chn ra router AVG. Router c u tin priority cao nht s c lm AVG. - Priority c gi tr t 1 255, s dng command
Router(config - if)#glbp group priority value

- Mc nh GLBP tt tnh nng preemptive. Bn c th bt tnh nng preemptive vi command :

Router(config - if)# glbp group preempt

Preemptive cho php mt router backup AVG c th ln lm router AVG nu nh backup router c gi tr u tin cao hn AVG router. 6) GLBP Weighting and Tracking

- GLBP s dng gi tr Weighting quyt nh kh nng forward ca mi router trong GLBP group. Hay ni cch khc, GLBP s dng Weighting quyt nh mt router c tr thnh AVF cho mt a ch virtual MAC trong mt group. Mi router bt u vi mt gi tr Weighting maximum (1 254). Khi mt cng Interface down, gi tr Weighting s gim i mt khong theo cu hnh. Mc nh router c gi tr weight cao nht l 100. - GLBP dng gi tr ngng (threshold) quyt nh mt router c th hay khng th lm AVF : + Nu gi tr Weighting nh hn gi tr lower threshold ,router s khng lm AVF + Nu gi tr Weighting ln hn gi tr upper threshold ,router tr li lm AVF Command :
Router(config-if)#glbp groupweighting maximum [lower lower] [upper upper]

- Tracking : GLBP h tr 2 kiu track : interface v Object + Track Interface : gm 2 kiu trach l track line protocol (interface trng thi up/up) v track ip routing. Track line protocol: GLBP s kim tra tnh trng up/down ca Interface, nu interface trng thi up/down th gim gi tr weight. Track ip routing :GLBP s kim tra tnh trng ip routing trn cng interface track tnh hung cng interface b mt a ch IP th gim gi tr weight. Command :
Router(config)# track <object mod/num [line protocol | ip routing] number> interface type

Object

number l

mt

gi

tr

bt

nm

trong

khong

500

+ Track Object : l track IP routing. GLBP s kim tra kh nng i n c (reachability), gi tr metri v ngng metric (metric threshold). GLBP dng kiu track ny kim tra kh nng i n c mt network u xa. Nu mt route c trong bng nh tuyn th route trng thi up,khi khng c trong bng nh tuyn th GLBP xem n b down,v gim gi tr weight. Command :
Router(config)# track <object number>ip route target> <Subnet mask> reachability <IP

Sau cng l cu hnh track trn interface GLBP bit c object no ang c track :
Router(config if number[decrement value] )#glbp group weighting trackobject

Gi

tr value ny

nm

trong

khong

254

Mc nh, khi khng cu hnh gi tr value, th value c gi tr l 10.

7) GLBP C 3 kiu load

Load balancing trong

Balancing GLBP :

- Round robin: mi gi tin ARP request mi c khi to truy vn a ch MAC ca virtual router (virtual gateway), AVG s gi v gi tin ARP reply trong c mang theo a ch virtual MAC. Traffic ca client gi ln s c phn phi u nhau n tt c cc router AVF trong GLBP group. y l kiu load balancing mc nh ca GLBP.

M hnh lab trn : + SW1,SW2,SW3 cu hnh GLBP, gi s SW1 lm AVG ng thi cng l AVF, cn SW2 & SW3 l AVF

+ SW1 s gi a ch Virtual IP l 192.168.10.254,v SW1 to ra 3 Virtual MAC v gn cho cc SW2 & SW3 mt cch ngu nhin 0007.b400.0101 gn cho SW1 0007.b400.0102 gn cho SW3 0007.b400.0103 gn cho SW2 + Khi cc PC gi ln gi tin ARP reply vi mong mun nhn c a ch MAC ca gateway 192.168.10.254 . Ch c SW1 l AVG mi c tr li li gi tin ARP request, cc SW2& SW3 ch nhn gi tin ARP request nhng sau chng drop. + SW1 gi tr li ARP reply mang theo thng tin a ch MAC ca virtual IP,v vic gn MAC cho tng PC theo xoay vng : PC1 th gn cho mac 01,PC2 gn cho mac 03,PC3 th gn cho mac 02 + Cc PC nhn c cc gi ARP reply,v bit c a ch MAC ca gateway m SW1 cp xung. Nh vy, mi khi PC1 gi d liu th gi tin s i qua SW1 PC2 gi d liu th gi tin s i qua SW3 PC3 gi d liu th gi tin s i qua SW2 y chnh l c ch load balancing theo kiu Round rubin ca GLBP - Weighted : y l kiu load balancing da vo t l gi tr weighting ca cc router. - Host dependent : l kiu load-balancing m a ch virtual MAC c gn tnh cho client. Command :
Switch(config-if)#glbp group load-balancing [round-rubin | weighted | host-dependent]

II. GLBP Configuration 1) Enable & Verifying GLBP

- enable tnh nng GLBP, cn phi gn cho GLBP group mt a ch virtual IP bng cu lnh sau:
Switch(config-if)# glbp group ip [ ip address ] [secondary]

Nu ip address khng c cu hnh, th router s c hc t mt router khc trong GLBP group. Nu router l AVG th nn cu hnh virtual IP r rng, nu khng th s khng c router no bit c a ch virtual mac ny. - Cu hnh gi tr weighting, priority
Switch(config-if)# glbp group priority value Router(configif)#glbp groupweighting maximum [lower lower] [upper upper]

- Cu hnh chim quyn v thi gian ln chim quyn

Switch(config-if)# glbp group preempt Switch(config-if)# glbp group preempt delay minimum msec 500

- Cu hnh xc thc
Switch(config-if)# glbp group authentication md5 keystring

2) Show & debug command

Switch (config-if)# show glbp brief Switch (config-if)# show glbp Fastethernet 0/0 Switch Switch Switch Switch Switch (config-if)# (config-if)# (config-if)# (config-if)# (config-if)# debug debug debug debug debug condition glbp glbp errors glbp events glbp packets glbp terse