What is Bluetooth???

Bluetooth wireless technology is a cable replacement technology that provides wireless communication between portable devices, desktop devices and peripherals.

It is used to swap data and synchronize files between devices without having to connect each other with cable.
The wireless link has a range of 10m which offers the user mobility.

Bluetooth was intended to unify different technologies like computers and mobile phones

History
The technology was born in 1994 The first version was released in July 1999

1998 Intel ,Ericsson, IBM ,Nokia and Toshiba formed the Bluetooth special Interest Group December 1999 add 3COM, Microsoft, lucent and Motorola
Today 800 companies worldwide are member of the Bluetooth SIG

The name is inspired by the historical King Bluetooth(Harold Bluetooth), who united the Scandinavian countries.
The Bluetooth logo is a Bind rune merging the Younger Futhar runes Hagall and Bjarkan Herald's initial

2009 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the BLUETOOTH

1998: Bluetooth technology is officially introduced and the BLUETOOTH SIG is formed.
1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.

2007 - Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the BLUETOOTH SIG.

2003 - The BLUETOOTH SIG o announces Version 2.1

2005 - Devices using Version 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005

2004 - Bluetooth Version 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced

Bluetooth Was Originally a Cable-Replacement Technology

Need for Bluetooth

To connect all your office peripherals wirelessly (Printer, Scanner, Fax) To send still or video images from any location to any location

To connect your wireless headset to your mobile phone

To unlock/lock the door, open/close the entry way light or air-conditioner automatically, upon arriving at home Open specification & supported by major companies

In the Office

You arrive at office,

While in a meeting,

When inspecting equipment,

On the road

You arrive at the airport

You enter the airport waiting lounge,

You get on the rent-acar bus,

Features
Short range wireless connectivity. Low power consumption

Automatic recognition

Bluetooth Card

Documentation

Specification describes
how the technology works, i.e., the Bluetooth protocol architecture.

Profiles describe how

the technology is used, i.e., how different parts of the specification can be used to fulfill a desired function for a Bluetooth device.

Protocols:
Uses 2.4 GHz ISM band, same as 802.11b/g Generally low power Class 3 (1mW) for most devices Some Class 1(100mW) devices exist

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

Uses a pre-defined hopping pattern Back in the day, FHSS was a security mechanism resists interference1MHz wide, hopping every 625 microseconds

Bluetooth Specification Protocol Stack

Four major components

Radio Unit (radio transceiver)
Baseband Unit (flash memory & CPU) Software Stack (driver software) Application Software (user interface)

Bluetooth Profile Structure

Radio Specification
PDU format: The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medicine) band. The regulatory range of this frequency band is 2.400 2.4835 GHz. The Bluetooth radio accomplishes spectrum spreading by in 79 hops displaced by 1 MHz Radio modulation uses GFSK.

Operating frequency bands:

0 2.402 GHz Packet format of Bluetooth 1 2 78 2.480 GHz

Network Topologies:
There can be three type of topologies:
Single slave Multi slave ( upto 7 slaves)/Piconet Scatternet

A) Single Slave B)Multi Slave /Piconet C)Scatternet

Piconet

Slave

Master

Piconet = set of Bluetooth nodes synchronized to a master node

Each piconet has one master and up to 7 slaves

Master-Slaves can switch roles A node can only be master of one piconet. Participation in a piconet = synchronization to hopping sequence Communication between piconets = devices jumping back and forth between the piconets

Scatternets
Scatternet s are two or more independent and non-synchronized Piconets that communicate with each other i.e. Scatternet = set of piconet
Master determines hopping sequence, slaves have to synchronize

piconets

Scatternet

How Bluetooth works??

Bluetooth uses frequency hopping in timeslots Frequency hopping is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels. It uses a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. Bluetooth has been designed to operate in noisy radio frequency environments Bluetooth radio modules avoid interference from other signals by hopping to a new frequency after transmitting or receiving a packet

Security
Using a shared secret (PIN), exchange random number to form key Key used to derive session key for future comms

Used for Trusted <-> Trusted comms

Key features
Robustness Low complexity Low power: battery powered Fast acknowledgement Fast frequency hopping scheme Shorter packets Session

Advantages
Frequency Hopping
Low power & cost No line-of-sight required Low overhead Voice/Data support

Ad-hoc networking

Disadvantages
Slower speeds Connection in busy environments

Range
Security Limit of 8 devices

Applications
1. Wireless networking between laptops and desktop computers, or desktops that are in a confined space and little bandwidth is needed. 2. Peripherals such as mice, keyboards, and printers. 3. Cell phones with Bluetooth technology have been sold in large numbers, as they are able to connect to computers, PDAs (Personal Data Assistant), and various other devices. 4. The transfer of files, images and MP3, between mobile phones. 5. Certain MP3 players and digital cameras to transfer files to and from computers. 6. Bluetooth technology headsets for smart phones and cell phones. 7. Data logging equipment that transmits data to a computer via Bluetooth technology

Applications
GENERAL

INDUSTRIAL

With PLC

With CNC Machine

With PLC & controller

Different Versions of Bluetooth

This are the different versions of Bluetooth technologies we have since 1999. Bluetooth v Bluetooth v1.0and v1.0B(with mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address)

Bluetooth v1.1(ratifiedasIEEEstandard802.15.1-2002)
Bluetooth v1.2(faster connection and discovery) Bluetooth v2.0+EDR(enhanced data rate) Bluetooth v2.1(secure simple pairing-SSP) Bluetooth v3.0(high speed data transfer)

Bluetooth v4.0(lowenergyconsumptionrecentlyusedinapplei-phone4S)zz

Get module Bluetooth address

Command Response Parameter

AT+ADDR?

+ADDR: <Param> OK

Param: Bluetooth address

Bluetooth address will show as this way: NAP: UAP: LAP(Hexadecimal) Example: Module Bluetooth address: 12: 34: 56: ab: cd: ef at+addr?\r\n +ADDR:1234:56:abcdef OK

Destination Address

Set/ Inquire- serial parameter

Command
AT+UART=<Param>, OK < Param2>,<Param3>

Response

Parameter

AT+ UART?

Param1: baud rate( bits/s) The value (Decimal) should be one of the following: 4800 9600 19200 38400 + UART=<Param>,<Pa 57600 115200 ra 23400 m2>,<Param3> 460800 OK 921600 1382400 Param2:stop bit: 0----1 bit 1----2 bits Param3: parity bit

Example: Set baud rate to be 115200, stop bit to be 2 bits, parity bit to be even parity. AT+UART=115200,1,2,\r\n OK AT+UART? +UART:115200,1,2 OK

Set/ Inquire page scan and inquire scan parameter

Command Response Parameter

AT+IPSCAN=<Param1>, <Param2>, <Param3>,<Param4>AT+I PSCAN?

OK +IPSCAN: <Param1>,<Param2>, <Param3>,<Param4> OK

Param1:time interval of inquiring Param2: duration in inquiring Param3: time interval of paging Param4: duration in paging The above parameters are decimal. Default:1024,512,1024,512

Example: at+ipscan=1234,500,1200,250\r\n OK at+ipscan? +IPSCAN:1234,500,1200,250

Set/ Inquire - connection mode

Command Response Parameter

AT+CMODE=<Par am>

OK

Param: 0----connect the module to the specified Bluetooth address. (Bluetooth address can be specified by the binding command)
1----connect the module to any Address

AT+ CMODE?

+ CMODE:<Param> OK

(The specifying address has no effect for this mode.)

2----Slave-Loop Default connection mode: 0

Bluetooth Visibility Mode

Bluetooth visibility simply refers to whether other devices can discover your computer when searching for Bluetooth devices. When Bluetooth visibility is turned on, your computer will advertise itself to all other devices within range, allowing them to attempt to connect to you. There are three visibility modes in Bluetooth:
OFF ON (temporary visible) ON(always visible)