TRANSFORMATIONS Transformations 1 1. If it doesn't rain soon, millions of pounds' worth of crops will be lost.

Unless it rains soon, millions of... 2. Although the team played well, they lost. Despite (their) playing well, . / the fact that 3. Galileo is considered to be the father of modern astronom. Galileo is regarded as the father of... 4. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. Only by training hard every day can you become... 5. He speaks more persuasively than his brother. He is a more persuasive speaker than his brother. 6. He can hardly read at all. (virtually) He is virtually blind / illiterate. 7. He can speak French well enough to go to the conference. (fluent) His French is fluent enough to go to the conference. He is fluent enough in French to go to the 8. I travel by bus only when I have no alternative. (resort) I resort to traveling by bus only when I travel by bus only as a last resort. 9. Immediately after his arrival, things went wrong. No sooner had he arrived than things went wrong. 10. "I must see the manager!" he cried. He insisted on seeing the manager. 11. I had better get back to work. It's high time I got back to work. 12. The last time it rained was a fortnight ago. It hasn't rained for a fortnight. It last rained a fortnight ago. 13. He never has enough money. He's always short of money / hard up / broke. 14. Martin had difficulty in accepting the loss of his money. (hard) Martin had a hard time accepting... / found it hard to accept... 15. My father speaks very little English. (hardly) My father hardly speaks any English. 16. He said he was not guilty of stealing the car. He denied stealing the car. 17. I'm sorry now that I asked her to stay. Now I wish I hadnt asked her to stay. 18. He never suspected that the money had been stolen. At no time did he ever suspect that... 19. I have never seen such a mess in my life! Never in my life have I seen... 20. If I were left alone, I'd finish the job quickly. (interrupting) If people didn't keep interrupting, I'd finish the job quickly. 21. The notice said that you could not smoke in class. (forbidden) The notice said that smoking in class was forbidden / it was forbidden to smoke in class. 22. My mother did not like my new shoes. (disapproved) My mother disapproved of... 23. Annes dedication to her work has always been exemplary. (herself) Anne has always dedicated herself to her work/job in

24. The delay is a nuisance, but Im sure Sam can solve our problems. (come) Sam can come up with a/the solution/answer / the/some solutions/answers to. 25. Henrik was very pleased to be selected for the team. (delight) Much to Henriks delight/to the delight of Henrik, he was selected 26. Yoshi wanted to make sure that everything was as it should be on the big day. (leave) Yoshi didnt want to leave anything to chance. 27. It may seem strange, but the composer has no formal training in music. (lacks) Strange as/though it seems/appears, the composer lacks any. 28. Ive never thought of asking the hotel staff for advice about restaurants. (occurred) It has never occurred to me to ask 29. In spite of all my efforts, I couldnt persuade Soraya to come to the concert. (hard) No matter how hard I tried, 30. The police had to let the suspect go because new evidence was produced. (light) The police had to let the suspect go, in the light of (the) new evidence produced. 31. The cost of building materials has gone up a great deal recently. (sharp) There has been a sharp/dramatic rise in/of the cost/price of 32. Dont let her relaxed manner deceive you; shes an extremely shrewd businesswoman! (taken) Dont let yourself be/get taken in by 33. Unless the weather changes dramatically overnight, well be leaving at dawn. (no) Provided (that) there is/are no dramatic change/changes in/to 34. Werner found it hard to get used to the fact that hed lost his job. (terms) Werner found it hard to come to terms with the fact that. 35. Simon does not intend to visit his aunt again. (has) Simon has (got) no intention of (ever) visiting. 36. They gave Despina the impression that she would win first prize. (believe) Despina was let/given to believe that. 37. Selena really has no idea of the difficulty of finding a parking place. (how) Little does Selena know/suspect/realise how difficult/hard it is/it will be to TRANSFORMATIONS 2 : 1. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. Only after a 12-hour wait / delay of 12 hours did their flight leave. 2. He insisted on a full apology. Nothing but a full apology would satisfy him / was good enough for him / would do for him. 3. Their teacher is making them study hard. They are being made to study hard. 4. The band was just as good as we had expected. They certainly lived up to our expectations. 5. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish. Much as I admire his courage, I think he's foolish. 6. "You don't appreciate me," she complained. (granted) "You take me for granted," she complained. 7. The man in that painting bears a strong resemblance to my uncle. (reminds) The man in that painting reminds me very much of my uncle. 8. Someone has stolen their bicycle. (had) He had his bicycle stolen. 9. After two hours the bridegroom still hadn't appeared. (sign) After two hours there was still no sign of the bridegroom. 10. The critics were impressed by her performance. Her performance made a considerable impression on the critics.

11. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't find the answer to the question. Try as hard as I might, I couldn't 12. When are the council going to do something about the city's traffic problems? It's high time the council did something about... 13. I didn't realise who he was until later. Only later did I realize who he was. 14. Given fair warning, I could have avoided that date. If you had told me in advance / beforehand, I could've avoided 15. It is mu strong belief that John was responsible. (suspect) I strongly suspect John of being responsible / having been responsible. 16. He has good relationships with all his students. (gets) He gets on well with all his students. 17. His rude behaviour is too much for me. (put) I won't put up with his rude behaviour. 18. The meeting was well attended. (turned) A lot of people turned up for the meeting. 19. It was obvious that the old house was past its prime. (days) The old house had seen / had known better days. 20. "Let's go for a walk in the park, " said Andrew. Andrew suggested going for a walk/that they went for a walk/that they should go for a walk ... 21. I'm sure he didn't know that his brother was seriously ill. He couldn't possibly have known that 22. The result of the match was never in doubt. At no time was the result of the match ever in doubt. 23. Most people know that Britain's economy is heavily dependent on North Sea oil. (common) It's common knowledge that 24. I'd be grateful if you would check these accounts for me. (mind) Do you mind checking those accounts for me? 25. It's unlikely that the contractor will complete the work before February. (take) The work is likely to take until February. 26. The PM was determined to remain in office. The PM had no intention of resigning / giving up office. 27. The refugees continued to feel unsafe until they had crossed the border. Not until the refugees had crossed the border did they begin to feel safe. 28. There are more people out of work in this country than ever before. Never before have there been so many people out of work... 29. You must be on time for your interview. (essential) It's essential that you are on time 30. Only if you work hard now have you any chance of success. (depends) Whether or not you succeed depends on your working hard. / Your only chance of success depends on 31. He'll settle down. Then his performance will improve. Once he settles down / has settled down, his performance will improve. 32. She complains far too often for my liking. (frequent) Her complaints are far too frequent for my liking. 33. I find his handwriting very hard to read. (difficulty) I have considerable difficulty in reading his handwriting. 34. It is said that he escaped to a neutral territory. He is said to have escaped... 35. In spite of the forecast it stayed fine. Although rain was forecast, it stayed fine.

36. We'd prefer you not to smoke. We'd rather you didnt smoke. 37. Provided your handwriting is legible, the examiner will accept your answer. So long as the examiner can read your writing, he will accept your answer. 38. Without his help we would all have died. If it hadn't been for his help we would all have died. 39. He forgot about the gun until he got home. Not until he got home did he remember about the gun. 40. May I borrow your pen? Would you mind lending me your pen? 41. If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home. Get the work finished by and you can go home. 42.Although Judy was severely disabled she participated in many sports. Despite her severe disability, Judy... 43. That was my first time in Rome. (never) I had never been to Rome before. TRANSFORMATIONS 3 1. The first candidate impressed the interviewers immediately. (made) The first candidate made an immediate/instant impression on/upon 2. The area is completely devoid of vegetation. (whatsoever) There was no vegetation whatsoever (growing) in 3. No matter what happens, we will never do business with that firm again. (ever) Under no circumstances will we (ever) work with that firm again. 4. The news that the Prime Minister had resigned came as a great shock to everyone. (aback) Everyone was taken aback by the news of the. 5. Ill get ready before your arrival. By the time you arrive, Ill get ready. 6. Im afraid its much salty for me to eat it now. Its so salty that I cant eat it now. 7. He got into bed and immediately fell fast asleep. The moment he got into bed, he fell fast asleep. 8. There are bound to be problems whether you adopt one plan or another. Whichever plan you adopt, there are bound to be problems. 9. After the beginning of the opera, late comers had to wait before taking their seats. Once the opera began, late comers. 10. The only way for us to keep safe was to keep close to the guide. As long as we kept close to the guide, we were safe. 11. I expected the test to be easier than that. The test wasnt as easy as I had expected. 12. Youll be able to relax soon if we get there as quickly as possible. The quicker we get there, the sooner youll be able to relax. 13. It may look difficult, but its easy once you have the knack. However difficult it may look, its easy 14. The plan may be ingenious, but it will never work in practice. Ingenious as it may be, the plan will 15. We tried very hard, but we couldnt talk him out of his crazy scheme. Try as hard as we did, 16. This is the first time that TV has played such an important role in our lives. Never before has TV played

17. Its unusual for the temperature to fall below freezing in the south of the country. Seldom does the temperature fall.. 18. If you obey the regulations, youll be permitted to fish in the river. (long) As long as you obey. 19. Taking the necessary precautions, you shouldnt have any health problems. (provided) Provided (that) you take the necessary precautions, 20. Your refusal to co-operate would cause immediate expulsion from the country. (should) Should you refuse to co-operate. 21. If we took effective action now, we could still save the rainforest. (were) If we were to take 22. He can tell how much a picture is worth immediately he sees it. (glance) He can tell how much a picture is worth at first glance. 23. As far as I know she is still working for the same company. (knowledge) To my knowledge, . 24. They dont get on well with their neighbours. (terms) They are not on friendly terms with their neighbours. 25. I wanted to find a new job because I felt bored with my life. (rut) I wanted to find a new job because I felt (as if/though) I was stuck in a rut. 26. We couldnt possibly sell this paining. (question) Selling this painting is out of the question. 27. When the theft was discovered, Mike was dismissed immediately. (led) The discovery of the theft led to Mikes immediate dismissal. 28. Although I should have telephoned my boss today, I just didnt have time. (supposed) I was supposed to call my boss today, but. 29. Bad weather led to the cancellation of the trip yesterday. (account) The trip was cancelled on account of (the) bad weather. 30. It terrifies me just to think about climbing that mountain. (mere) The mere idea of climbing that mountain terrifies me. 31. The opposition were just strong to beat. (such) It was such strong opposition, that it was impossible to beat them/they were impossible to beat. 32. I really dont like when I have to work overtime. (object) I object to working overtime/having to work overtime. 33. She insisted that I had to leave immediately. (my) She insisted on my immediate leaving. 34. We only realised what had been happening after the accident. (unaware) We were unaware of what had been. 35. You have to book specially if you want to tour the Olympic stadium. (arrangement) You have to make a special arrangement if you. 36. He is the quickest learner Ive ever met. (so) I have never met so quick a learner. 37. He was arrested when the police found the stolen painting in his home. (possession) He was arrested when the police caught him in possession of the stolen painting. TRANSFORMATIONS 4:

1. Somebody will slash your car tyres if you park here. You will have your tyres slashed if you park here. 2. They were quite appalled by the dirty condition of the flat. They found the dirty condition of the flat appalling. 3. All crew members were killed in the explosion.

Not a single crew member survived the explosion. 4. Youll have to pay the mechanic even if the car cannot be repaired. Whether the car can be repaired or not, youll still have to pay the mechanic. 5. Even though I tried to understand the lesson, I learnt almost nothing. Despite trying to understand the lesson, I learnt... 6. He didnt remember his key until he had shut the door. Only after he had shut the door/shutting the door did he remember his key. 7. Who is the owner of this fine thing? Who does this fine thing belong to? 8. She acted brilliantly at the school party. She gave a brilliant performance at the school party. 9. It was later admitted that the information had been obtained from unreliable sources. The information was later admitted to have been obtained from... 10. They believe he is studying in London. He is believed to be studying... 11. Has someone mended the cooker? Have you had the cooker mended? 12. Its a pity he left! If only he had stayed! 13. He was behaving disgracefully towards his relations. I complained about his disgraceful behavior towards... 14. He attended to the problem immediately. He gave the problem immediate attention. 15. Everyone must wear a seat belt. Wearing a seat belt is obligatory/mandatory/a must. 16. Legislation can never be perfect. There is no such thing as perfect legislation. 17. In Britain, the element that seems to pose the most risk is age. In Britain, age is the element that seems to pose... 18. The report recommended the factorys immediate closure. The report recommended that the factory be immediately closed. 19. It appears that men and women adopt quite different strategies to avoid collisions. Men and women seem to adopt quite... 20. Although it was raining, they went on playing. In spite of the rain, they... 21. He got someone to paint his garage. He had his garage painted. 22. It wont be advisable for you to go to work tomorrow. You (had) better not go to work... 23. It wasnt necessary for you to make all that noise when you came home. You neednt have made all that noise... 24. I had no sooner opened the door than the telephone rang. No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang. 25. Nobody told us what to expect. We were not told what to expect. 26. He was not able to dissuade him from leaving school. (FAILED) He failed to dissuade him from ... 27. Without extra cash, he wont be able to manage. (UNLESS) Unless he has extra cash, he wont... 28. Mr. Smith was on the point of retiring. (ABOUT) Mr. Smith was about to retire. 29. The manager asked me to consider this proposal very carefully. (CONSIDERATION)

The manager asked me to take this proposal under careful consideration. 30. My parents met in 1970. (SINCE) My parents have known each other since 1970. 31. Whatever happens I shant change my mind. (MATTER) No matter what happens, I shant... 32. Could you possibly share your book with me? (MIND) Do you mind sharing...? 33. The mechanic checked the tyres on my car. (HAD) I had the tyres on my car checked. 34. She speaks English well. (COMMAND) She has an excellent command of English/Her command of English is excellent. 35. The barrister asked for the acquittal of the prisoners by the court. (SHOULD) The barrister said that the prisoners should be acquitted by the court.