Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

Effects of Magnetic Field Lecture 23

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Recap
Electric Machine Reluctance Hysteresis loss Eddy current loss

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Faradays Law
If a flux passes through a turn of a coil of wire, voltage will be induced in the turn of the wire that is directly proportional to the rate of change in the flux with respect of time = If there is N number of turns in the coil =
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Faradays Law (cont.)

The negative sign in the equation is due to Lenzs law.

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Faradays Law (cont.)

If the flux shown is increasing in strength, then the voltage built up in the coil will tend to establish a flux that will oppose the increase. A current flowing as shown in the figure would produce a flux opposing the increase. So, the voltage on the coil must be built up with the polarity required to drive the current through the external circuit. So, -eind
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Faradays Law (cont.)

=
=1

The term represented by is known as fluxlinkage and its units are weber-turns.

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Production of Induced Force on a Wire

A current carrying conductor present in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B, would produce a force to the conductor/wire. Dependent upon the direction of the surrounding magnetic field, the force induced is given by: = ( )

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(cont.)
Direction of the force depends on the direction of current flow and the direction of the surrounding magnetic field. The direction of the force is given by the righthand rule.

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(cont.)
The induced force formula shown earlier is true if the current carrying conductor is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. If the current carrying conductor is position at an angle to the magnetic field, the formula is modified to be as follows: = sin
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Example
The figure shows a wire carrying a current in the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic flux density is 0.25T, directed into the page. If the wire is 1m long and carries 0.5A of current in the direction from the top of the page to the bottom, what are the magnitude and direction of the force induced on the wire?
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Example (cont.)

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Induced Voltage on a Conductor Moving in a Magnetic Field

If a conductor moves or cuts through a magnetic field, voltage will be induced between the terminals of the conductor at which the magnitude of the induced voltage is dependent upon the velocity of the wire assuming that the magnetic field is constant. = .

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(cont.)
Note: The value of l (length) is dependent upon the angle at which the wire cuts through the magnetic field. Hence a more complete formula will be as follows: = cos - angle between the conductor and the direction of (v x B)
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Example
Figure shows a conductor moving with a velocity of 10m/s to the right in a magnetic field. The flux density is 0.5T, out of the page, and the wire is 1m in length. What are the magnitude and polarity of the resulting induced voltage?

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