PERPETUAL MOTION

The History

Villard de Honnecourt, 1235 Many a time have skillful workmen tried to contrive a wheel that should turn of itself; here is a way to make such a one, by means of an uneven number of mallets.

Moreover, you might set yourself to prove that by equiping such a wheel with many balances, every part, however small, which turned over as the result of percussion would suddenly cause another balance to fall, and by this the wheel would stand in perpetual movement. But by this you would be deceiving yourself... As the attachment of the heavy body is farther from the center of the wheel, the revolving movement of the wheel round its pivot will become more difcult, although the motive power may not vary.

daVinci

Buoyancy-driven electric power generator

United States Patent 6734574

George Linton (1821) British Patent 4632 Dircks (1861) p. 436

SCAMS
Charles Redheffer, 1812

A LITTLE PHYSICS...

First law of thermodynamics -energy is conserved in any process involving a thermodynamic system and its surroundings. A violation of this would be a perpetual motion machine of the rst kind.

Second law of thermodynamics -- No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature. (Clausius) Spontaneously, heat goes from hot to cold objects, and only the reverse when work is done on the system, e.g.,plugging in your refrigerator. Alternatively, the entropy of systems tends toward a maximum. A violation of this would be a perpetual motion machine of the second kind.

UNDERSTANDING IT PROBABILISTICALLY

USPTO
The USPTO Manual of Patent Examining Practice states: With the exception of cases involving perpetual motion, a model is not ordinarily required by the Ofce to demonstrate the operability of a device. If operability of a device is questioned, the applicant must establish it to the satisfaction of the examiner, but he or she may choose his or her own way of so doing.[13] And, further, that: A rejection [of a patent application] on the ground of lack of utility includes the more specic grounds of inoperativeness, involving perpetual motion. A rejection under 35 U.S.C. 101 for lack of utility should not be based on grounds that the invention is frivolous, fraudulent or against public policy.[14] The ling of a patent application is a clerical task, and the USPTO won't refuse lings for perpetual motion machines; the application will be led and then most probably rejected by the patent examiner, after he has done a formal examination.[15] Even if a patent is granted, it doesn't mean that the invention actually works; it just means that the examiner thinks that it works, or that he couldn't gure out why it wouldn't work.[15]

JOE NEWMANS ENERGY MACHINE

USPTO wanted working model of perpetual motion machines, and if they worked for a year, then they would be investigated...

Newmans Energy Machine rejected for a patent...

Newman sued: Newman v Quigg. Judge sent device to lab. over Newmans protests, and the device failed the K-Mart test. Newman lost.

But support in Mississippi led to private relief hearing in 1986 in the US Senate, thanks to Senators Trent Lott and Thad Cochran.

SEN. JOHN GLENN

'It's a simple enough problem,'' he said. ''You measure the input and you measure the output and you see which is larger. Would Mr. Newman agree to that? If he does, what laboratory would he like to have make the measurements?''

CBS EVENING NEWS

'He brought his slowmoving car to a stop after two hours and said it could have gone on and on. Newman compared it to the rst ight of the Wright brothers.'' 1987

Newman charges conspiracy, but he is still plugged into to the electric grid...

Antigravity Machine Patent Draws Physicists' Ire

Brian Handwerk for National Geographic News November 11, 2005

A perpetual-motion machine may defy the laws of physics, but an Indiana inventor recently succeeded in having one patented.
On November 1 Boris Volfson of Huntington, Indiana, received U.S. Patent 6,960,975 for his design of an antigravity space vehicle.

The Haisch Quantum vacuum energy extraction system The McQueen Internal energy generating power source The Flynn Method for controlling the path of magnetic ux from a permanent magnet The Gates Spring driven apparatus

http://www.josephnewman.com/ http://www.steorn.com/ http://www.badscience.net/2007/11/free-energy/#more-574