LCMT Conf Proc 2013

Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013,
, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
LIVERPOOL CENTRE FOR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY

BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES (BEST) RESEARCH INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Volume 12
ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
February 2013
Proceeding of The 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
27 -28 February, 2013, Britannia Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool, UK
Editor Professor Hassan Al Nageim

Professor of Structural Engineering Head of Liverpool Centre for Materials Technology Conference Director
SUPPORTED BY:
RSTA Cardiff Council Findlay IrvineLafarge Aggregates Stirling Lloyd The Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation The Institution of 0 Asphalt Technology The Institution of Civil Engineers Merseyside BranchTotal Bitumen Transport Scotland University of UlsterUniversity of Nottingham & WRAP
Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0
CONTENTS
Day One Conference Programme .......................................................................................... 4 Day One: Speakers Short CVs.............................................................................................. 6 Day One: Papers .................................................................................................................. 11 DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE DRESSING THE ECONOMIC SOLUTION .......... 11 RESEARCH INTO POTHOLE FORMATION .................................................................. 12 COLD MIX ASPHALT FOR ROAD REINSTATEMENTS, ROAD AND HIGHWAYS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS ............................................................................ 13 LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY: BITUMEN .......................................................................... 14 DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF AGGREGATES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF RAPIDLY EXPANDING INFRASTRUCTURE IN QATAR ....................... 15 NOVEL ASSESSMENTS ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNBOUND MATERIALS BY MEANS OF DEFLECTOMETRIC TESTS .......................................... 16 DETERMINATION OF MIXING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURES OF WARM MIXES WITH MODIFIED BINDERS ................................................................. 17 VERIFICATION OF A FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER USING A GOLDEN SLAB .................................................................................................................. 18 NEW CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL: UNDERSTANDING THE HYDRATION PROCESS USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND THERMAL ANALYSIS ........ 19 HIGH FRICTION SURFACING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL AGGREGATE ........... 20 PAVEMENT RUTTING PREDICTION MODELS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE ................................................................................ 21 POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED PROPERTIES OF RUBBERIZED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES PRODUCED WITH DRY TECHNOLOGY ....................... 22 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND CE MARKING FOR PRODUCTS ............. 23 Day Two Conference Programme ....................................................................................... 24 Day Two: Speakers Short CVs ........................................................................................... 27 Day Two- Papers.................................................................................................................. 32 EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AIR-FOAMED STABILIZED MIXTURE OF WASTED SOILS AS SUBGRADE ........................................................... 32 EFFECT OF SASOBIT ON MIX DESIGN PARAMETERS ............................................. 33 LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE BY APPLICATION OF STEEL POLYMERS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN IRAN .................................................................................................................................... 34 EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STRESS ABSORBING MEMBRANE INTERLAYERS (SAMIS) AGAINST REFLECTIVE CRACKING UNDER THERMAL LOADING ........................................................................................ 35 APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 2.5D LASER 1
SCANNING TO BETTER UNDERSTAND TYRE /ASPHALT INTERACTION ........... 36 EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF AGGREGATE GRADING FOR TYPE III APPLICATION OF MICRO-SURFACING USING ISSA MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................... 37 UTILIZATION OF STEEL SLAG AGGREGATES IN HOT MIX BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 38 COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN LIME APPLICATION METHODS ON HMA ASPHALT CONCRETE IN IRAQ ........................................................................... 39 EFECTS OF RICE-HUSK ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CEMENT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE ......... 40 EVALUATION OF WARM ASPHALT TECHNOLOGIES CONTAINING RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ............................................................................... 41 UTILISATION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT ........................................................................................................................ 42 FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND THE EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE ................................. 43 POLYMIX: POLYMER WASTES IN ASPHALT MIXES: A WAY TO INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROADS INFRASTRUCTURES ............................. 44 Durability and Stiffness Modulus of a New Cold Rolled Asphalt Containing Cement and Waste Fly Ash.................................................................................................. 45 REVIEW OF POTENTIAL WARM MIX ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY IN IRELAND ............................................................................................................................ 46 LOW TEMPERATURE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR INVESTIGATION FOR RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS ............................................................................ 47 ASSESSMENT OF WATER AND TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF COLD RECYCLED BITUMINOUS EMULSION MIXTURES USING THE NAT IN THE ITSM MODE OF TESTING ................................................................................. 48 THE USE OF GRANITE BY-PRODUCTS IN ROAD ASPHALT LAYERS ................... 49 LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXTURES USING IRON NANO OXIDE .......................................................................................................... 50 FOAMED ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY: TEST RESULTS WITH CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE ............................................................ 51 USE OF LOCAL AGGREGATES AS SUSTAINABLE ASPHALT SURFACING MATERIALS ....................................................................................................................... 52 A NEW PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR POROUS ASPHALT ......................... 53 Information for Prospective Authors ................................................................................... 54 Exhibitor List ....................................................................................................................... 58
Welcome to the 2013 LJMU International Annual Conference

This year marks the 12th anniversary of the annual LJMU international conference on sustainable construction materials, pavement engineering and infrastructure in Liverpool. We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to all the speakers, distinguished guests, exhibitors and delegates, particularly those who have traveled far to our city, for participating in this years conference. We have delegates from 12 countries including many specialists and experts in their field to share with us their knowledge and experience on all aspects of pavement engineering and related sustainability issues. This year and as for the last four years the conference is extended over two days and we are extremely fortunate to have an impressive array of speakers presenting papers under the general theme of research and practical applications using sustainable materials/technology in pavement engineering and infrastructure. The scope of the conference is wide enough to give everyone an up to date review of the current work being carried out in this field and also provides a useful networking arena for making new contacts and to be brought up to speed with the latest industry and academic developments. The conference organizing committee wishes to express its gratitude to the sponsoring companies and institutions that have supported the conference and helped in one way or another to make this conference a success. We would particularly like to acknowledge the continuous support from Road Surface Treatments Association, RSTA, and thanks the chairmen on day one and day two and the speakers for their outstanding contributions. We would also like to thank the excellent work of the LJMU Conference and Event Services team, Harry Morton and Richard Simm from the IT Department. We are confident that this 12th LJMU annual conference will be informative, inspiring and rewarding to all the participants, generate new ideas for further research and help build a global technology network between UK, Europe, America , Middle East and the Far East. The Secretariat help desk is there to assist you and facilitate your participation. Please contact them for any assistance that you may require during the day. Please wear your name badge at all the times during the conference, as it will help identify delegates, create a friendly atmosphere and hopefully stimulate general discussion. Importantly this will also serve as identification for your admission to the conference activities. On behalf of the conference organizing committee may we wish you an informative, rewarding and enjoyable time here and look forward to seeing you again next year.
Professor Hassan Al Nageim Professor of Structural Engineering Head of Liverpool Centre for Materials Technology Conference Director
Professor Howard Robinson LJMU Visiting Professor, Chief Executive, RSTA Conference Chairman
Visit us on the web on http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/blt/best/lcmt/index.htm.
Day One Conference Programme

DAY 1 Wednesday 27 FEBRUARY 2013 Venue: BRITANNIA ADELPHI HOTEL, LIVERPOOL L3 5UL, UK 08:30 09:00 09:05 Registration, Refreshment and Exhibition Welcome by the Conference Chairman, Professor Howard Robinson, Road Surface Treatments Association, RSTA, UK Opening Address, Professor Nigel Weatherill, Vice Chancellor, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
th
Morning Programme Session 1, Chairman: Professor Howard Robinson, RSTA, UK. 09:10 Dougie Millar, Transport Scotland, UK New Surfacing Specification for Scotland Latest developments. Owen Jenkins, Cardiff Council, UK Asset Management - The South Gloucestershire Experience. Mike Harper, Stirling Lloyd, UK Crack and Joint Repair Systems. John Barritt, Wrap, UK The Road to Construction Resource Efficiency. Questions & Discussion Refreshments and Exhibition Chairman: John Richardson, Colas, UK Gary Schofield, Total Bitumen, UK Developments in Surface Dressing The Economic Solution Campbell Waddell, Findlay Irvine, UK Developments in Skid Resistance Monitoring. Nick Thom, University of Nottingham, UK Research into Pothole Formation. Prof. Hassan Al Nageim, LJMU, UK Cold Mix Asphalt for Road Reinstatements, Road and Highways: New Developments. Questions & Discussion Lunch and Exhibition
09:30
09:50 10:10 10:30 10:35 Session 2, 11:05
11:25
11:45 12:05
12:25 12:30
Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0 CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
DAY 1 Wednesday 27 FEBRUARY 2013 Venue: BRITANNIA ADELPHI HOTEL, LIVERPOOL, UK Afternoon Programme Session 3, Chairman: Prof. Alan Woodside, University of Ulster, UK 13:30 13:50 Mike Southern, Eurobitumen, Belgium Life Cycle Inventory: Bitumen. Murray J Reid, Dr K A Hassan and Dr M S Al-Kuwari, TRL, UK Developing a Sustainable Supply of Aggregates to Meet the Needs of Rapidly Expanding Infrastructure in Qatar. Alessandro Marradi & Giacomo Betti, Italy, Novel assessments on dynamic behavior of unbound materials by means of deflectometric tests. Rajan Choudhary and Priyansh Singh, India Determination of Mixing and Compaction Temperatures of Warm Mixes with Modified Binders. Richard Stain and Mark Dawkins, UK Verification of a Falling Weight Deflectometer Using a Golden Slab.
th
14:10
14:30
14:50
15:10 15:15
Questions & Discussion Refreshments and Exhibition
Session 4, Chairman: Dr. John Murray Reid, TRL, UK 15:35 Monower Sadique, Research Fellow at LJMU, UK New Cementitious Material: Understanding the Hydration Process Using Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis. 15:50 David Woodward, University of Ulster, UK High Friction Surfacing Systems Using Natural Aggregate. Taddesse Ephrem, Norway Pavement Rutting Prediction Models Using Artificial Neural Network Technique. Prof. Ezio Santagata, Italy The Effects of Crumb Rubber on the Performance Related Characteristics of Wearing Course Mixtures. Ian Walsh, Road Consultants Ltd., UK Performance Specifications and CE Marking for Products. Questions and Closing Remarks by the Conference Chairman and Director Professor Hassan Al-Nageim, Liverpool John Moores University
16:05 16:20
16:35
16:50
Day One: Speakers Short CVs

Dougie Millar Materials & QA Advisor, Transport Scotland, UK
Owen Jenkins, Cardiff Council, UK

Owen Jenkins: is a Chartered Manager and has worked in the public and private sector and gained extensive experience in Asset Management, Design and Operations, Street Lighting and Procurement , Open Spaces, Road Safety, Structures, Landscape Consultancy, Cemeteries and Allotments and Waste Disposal. Before highways, Owen worked in many countries including UAE, Pakistan, Seychelles and Burma within the oil exploration, GIS and surveying industries, as well as spending time on specialist access civil engineering projects involving abseil and confined spaces techniques. Out of work Owen is a PADI Diving Instructor and enjoys good wine!
Mike Harper, Stirling Lloyd, UK Mike Harper: BSc(Hons), DipM, MCIM, MBA, is Development Director for Stirling Lloyd and has global responsibility for their Safetrack portfolio of highway materials. Mike has 24 years in highway materials and 13 years at Stirling Lloyd. Mike is chairman of the RSTA committee on Crack Sealing & Joint Repair, as well as chairman of the RSTA High Friction Surfacing committee.
John Barritt, WRAP, UK John is part of the WRAP Construction and Refurbishment team, improving resource efficiency in construction and reducing waste to landfill. He has worked with the WRAP/Environment Agency Waste Protocols team developing end of waste Quality Protocols for aggregates from a range of secondary resources. He has over 40 years experience in the construction materials industry, covering ready mix concrete, asphalt, quarrying, marine aggregates, slag and recycling.
Gary Schofield Total Bitumen, UK
Campbell Waddell Findlay Irvine, UK
Nick Thom, University of Nottingham, UK

Nick Tom has been working in the fields of highway and pavement engineering for over 30 years. He has been an academic staff member at the University of Nottingham for 22 years and has supervised numerous doctoral and masters research projects on asphalt and other pavement materials, pavement design, evaluation and maintenance. A specific area of interest is the development of practical pavement design tools.
Prof. Hassan Al Nageim, LJMU, UK

Professor Hassan Al Nageim BSc (Hons.), MSc, PhD, CEng, FIHT, FInstNDT
Professor of Structural Engineering Head of Liverpool Centre for Materials Technology Editor-in-Chief: The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology, ISSN 1464-8164 Adjunct Dean: College of Engineering, ACCRA, Ghana School of the Built Environment , Liverpool John Moores University, UK
www.ljmu.ac.uk/blt/best/lcmt/index.htm
Mike Southern, Eurobitumen, Belgium

Mike is a chemist and started his career in Colas UK in the R&D department working mainly on the rheology of bitumen polymer blends. Since then he has worked in the Shell UK technical department, Shell International bitumen division and since 2005 has been the Technical Director for Eurobitume, the European bitumen association.
Murray J Reid, TRL, UK

Murray Reid is a principal consultant at TRL in Crowthorne, Berkshire. He is a chartered geologist with 33 years experience in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering consultancy and research. He has particular expertise in sustainable construction and the use of recycled and secondary aggregates. Murray will present the paper on behalf of his co-authors.
Alessandro Marradi, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Alessandro Marradi is Technical Responsible of the activities of the Road Research Laboratory of the University of Pisa (Italy) since 1997, Senior Researcher of "Road Railway and Airport Constructions" in 2002, Assistant Professor of the same discipline since 2003. Since 2009, also cooperate actively with Dynatest in the field of pavement evaluation, innovative pavement testing, road and airport pavement management systems. The main scientific and academic activities of Alessandro Marradi are in the field of road materials, pavement analysis and design, innovative materials for road construction, pavement sustainability, pavement and material testing
Dr. Rajan Choudhary,

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.), India.
Richard Stain, Testconsult Ltd Richard Stain has spent most of his working life with Testconsult Ltd, first as an engineer working on road construction and feasibility studies overseas. Sudan, Yemen, Iran to name a few. In 1986 he was appointed managing director of the company, leading a buyout from the French parent company in 1994. He has always had a keen interest in non destructive testing methods and has developed several foundation integrity test methods in the last ten years. A keen sailor, cyclist and beekeeper. Not quite ready to retire just yet. 8
Dr.Monower Sadique BSc MSc PhD CEng MCIHT Sadique obtained his first degree in Civil Engineering at Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET). Sadique joined in Bangladesh Civil Service and appointed as Assistant Engineer of Bangladesh Roads and Highways Department, RHD (www.rhd.gov.bd) under Ministry of Communication in 1999. During his employment with RHD, Sadique was involved with various Pre-stress Concrete Bridges and National and Regional Highways construction projects in Bangladesh. In 2008, Sadique enrolled in University of Birmingham for pursue Post graduate study. He obtained MSc in Road Management and Engineering in 2009 from University of Birmingham with Distinction. Sadique obtained PhD in 2012 from LJMU and his thesis was entitled as Development of Low Carbon Cement from waste fly ash. On completion of his PhD Sadique took up an EPSRC Research Fellow position in Coventry University and worked till January 2013. Recently Sadique Joined in LJMU as Research Fellow in a project funded by the National Joint Utilities Group. Sadique is a registered member of Engineering Council UK (as Chartered Civil Engineer, CEng) and Member of Chartered Institution of Highways and Transportation (CIHT). Sadique also published technical papers in various peer reviewed International Journals and Conferences.
David Woodward, University of Ulster, UK

Reader in Highway Engineering at the University of Ulster and responsible for the Highway Engineering Research Group. Graduated from the Ulster Polytechnic in 1982 with a degree in geology and later with a Masters in 1988 and PhD in 1995 both in aggregate related subjects at the University of Ulster. He is current Chairman of the Northern Ireland Branch of the IAT and a Member of the IOQ, CIHT and IEI. Research interests include aggregate performance, interfacial stress, skid resistance and sustainable highway technologies.
Taddesse Ephrem, Norway Ephrem Taddesse is born in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, and got his BSc degree in civil engineering (with distinction) from Addis Ababa University. After his graduation, he worked as highway design engineer and pavement materials engineer on several road projects in Ethiopia and abroad. At the same time worked as part time lecturer at Addis Ababa University. In 2000 he joined the university of Hannover in Germany for his master of science study in geotechnique and infrastructure. In 2005 he joined the Norwegian University of science and technology in Trondheim, Norway, for his PhD study in the field of pavement technology. Since 2011 he joined the university of Agder in southern Norway as associate professor mainly responsible for teaching and research in pavement engineering field. Ezio Santagata, Professor T Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Ian Walsh, Road Consultants Ltd., UK Prof. Ian D Walsh MBE , CEng: 30yrs as Head of Laboratory for Kent County Council gave Ian a unique insight into the workings of the surfacing industry and Client side operations of highways design, specification and materials for maintenance. He still represents ADEPT on BBA HAPAS, BSI and National Highway Sector Scheme committees after years of service to CEN standards. He continues to provide services to lawyers, contractors and Local Authorities
10
Day One: Papers
DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE DRESSING THE ECONOMIC SOLUTION

Gary Schofield Total Bitumen
ABSTRACT The recent economic climate has led to resurgence in Surface Dressing and Micro Surfacing processes. These processes have proven to be effective and efficient in many areas. This paper looks at the impact of modern developments in these surface treatments against hot mix; in terms of performance, time efficiency, cost effectiveness and carbon impact. There are many examples of Surface dressings on major routes performing in excess of 15 years, applied over a period of hours with the binder at temperatures of 85 degrees Celcius and the aggregate at ambient. How does this compare with the alternative approach of planing, and reinstatement with equivalent depth of hot mix; in terms of disruption to the general public; impact on the environment and long term performance? Modern techniques have also enabled surface dressing binders to be applied at temperatures up to 25oC lower than traditional binders; this paper will look at the further benefits of these binder types. The specifier has a wide range of options to consider, and the industry has to present quantitative information for a properly considered decision to be made. This paper will begin to look at some of these considerations.
11
RESEARCH INTO POTHOLE FORMATION

Nick Thom
University of Nottingham, UK
ABSTRACT This paper describes an initial series of laboratory tests carried out to simulate the type of damage sustained by an asphalt pavement that is likely to give rise to pot-holes. The tests successfully demonstrated the relative importance of temperature, layer bonding and whether the pavement is wet or not, and succeeded in producing alligator cracking of the form commonly associated with pothole development. In particular the effect of water was found to be dramatic in leading to an increased rate of damage and the presence of a tack coat was found to inhibit surface cracking very effectively. The paper then goes on to discuss the options for analysis of pavement disintegration. An analysis of the effect of layer debonding is illustrated, demonstrating the likelihood of premature surface course failure in such a case, and the ways in which the damaging effect of water might be taken into account are discussed. Finally the issue of cold spots developing during compaction is illustrated and an analysis approach proposed.
12
COLD MIX ASPHALT FOR ROAD REINSTATEMENTS, ROAD AND HIGHWAYS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Prof. Hassan Al Nageim
LCMT, LJMU, UK
ABSTRACT This paper reports the mechanical properties and XRD analysis of a new cold mix asphalt developed for use in highway and airfield pavement structural layers including surfacing pavement. The main filler in the traditional Cold Mix Asphalt (CMA) is replaced with treated biomass waste fly ash materials. The waste or by-product materials were used as a modifier of the cold bitumen mixtures. Fly ash which is waste or by-product material was incorporated in the cold bituminous emulsion mixtures at five percentages 0-5.5% of aggregate weight in the mixture. The results have shown outstanding comparative improvement in the mechanical properties of the new cold mixtures compared with traditional cold mix asphalt. The reason for achieving these results was explained in this paper by the analysis of XRD of the fine mineral-emulsified mortar used in this study.
13
LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY: BITUMEN

Timo Blomberg, Frederick Bernard and Mike Southern Eurobitume, Belgium.
ABSTRACT In 2009 Eurobitume decided to update and enhance the bitumen life cycle inventory (LCI) originally published in 1999. The bitumen LCI is a cradle to gate study. This article is a synthesis of the Life cycle inventory: bitumen report published by Eurobitume in March 2011. The study covers paving grade bitumen from the product standard EN 12591 table 1. The main bitumen production route is straight-run distillation (atmospheric distillation + vacuum distillation). Other manufacturing processes were evaluated. In addition to bitumen, LCIs for polymer modified bitumen and bitumen emulsion were calculated. The report is based upon the most recent information available from the crude oil production and refining industry. Where primary data were not available data from the Ecoinvent database were used. The allocation between bitumen and other co-products made from crude oil is based on mass balances at the crude oil extraction and the transport stages. At the refining level, the allocation is based on relative economic values. The environmental impacts resulting from such emissions have not been assessed. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) based on these data would be the next step in a full life cycle assessment. The report gives recommendations how these data can be used. The LCI has been conducted according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. As part of these standards, the report has been peer reviewed by an independent LCI expert.
14
DEVELOPING A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF AGGREGATES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF RAPIDLY EXPANDING INFRASTRUCTURE IN QATAR
Murray J Reid, Dr K A Hassan and Dr M S Al-Kuwari
TRL, UK
ABSTRACT Qatar is a small state on the south shore of the Arabian Gulf. With substantial economic growth and a fast-expanding population, there is an increasing demand for reliable, worldclass infrastructure. The recent award of the 2022 World Cup has provided an even greater impetus to achieve this goal. This boom in construction requires an increasing supply of aggregates of reliable quality. However, Qatar has limited high quality natural aggregates and has to import all the coarse aggregate used in concrete and asphalt; this is estimated to currently be about 14 Mt/year and is expected to more than double by 2020. At the same time vast quantities of construction, demolition and excavation are being dumped in the desert outside the capital, Doha. Very little of this material is currently recycled. This situation is clearly not sustainable and is being addressed by work carried out by TRL in association with Qatar Standards and Qatar University. Laboratory and site trials are currently underway in Qatar. Hot desert regions such as the Gulf are very harsh environments for construction. This has traditionally been met by using high quality natural aggregates with low salt content and high durability. For recycled and secondary aggregates to be acceptable, they must offer the same durability and strength properties as proven primary aggregates. Quality control will be essential to meet the required standards. Initial results are encouraging for applications as unbound subbase, coarse aggregate in structural and low strength concrete and concrete blocks.
15
NOVEL ASSESSMENTS ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNBOUND MATERIALS BY MEANS OF DEFLECTOMETRIC TESTS

A. Marradi, U. Pinori & G. Betti
Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
ABSTRACT The evaluation of the in situ bearing capacity of soils and unbound layers is moving from traditional plate load test (PLT) to enhanced dynamic testing devices, like the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD), able to provide many practical advantages and to better simulate the real stress levels induced by the heavy vehicles. The type of devices provided with the load cell and geophone allows to acquire the load-deflection time histories, sampling data every 0.25 ms. LWD data are mainly used to calculate Surface Modulus of the soil by means of Boussinesq equation using the peak of applied load and the correspondent peak of centerplate deflection; more recently some special procedures, specifically developed to estimate the material compaction level achieved on site, are also starting to be used. The experimental results presented in this paper analyze the possibility to deeply investigate the dynamic behavior of unbound materials using the information related to load-deflection time histories, focusing attention on the amount of energy spent to deflect the soil. This parameter, usually reported as Energy Loss, represents the area enclosed by load-deflection graph (Hysteresis Loop) and is generally considered an index of the dynamic response of the soil to applied loads. The paper reports the analysis of different correlations between Energy Loss and soil stiffness parameters developed with the aim to investigate the potential use of the Energy Loss for Qc/Qa activities. Results confirm the reliability of this parameter as a quality indicator of soil conditions, providing a wider range of information when compared to standard bearing capacity tests.
KEY WORDS: Bearing capacity, compaction level, deflectometric tests, dynamic behavior of the soil.
16
DETERMINATION OF MIXING AND COMPACTION TEMPERATURES OF WARM MIXES WITH MODIFIED BINDERS
Rajan Choudhary1 and Priyansh Singh2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India 781039 2 M. Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India 781039
1
ABSTRACT
Warm mix technology is an emerging technology that suggests a possible lowering of about 30 C in mixing and compaction temperatures of bituminous mixes without compromising the performance. Lowering of production temperature for bituminous mixes helps in reducing the fuel consumption and emissions at hot mix plants. It also allows longer haul distance, increase in construction period and healthy operations. Currently Equi-viscous method is used in India to determine mixing and compaction temperatures of mixes with neat binders. In India for wearing courses modified binders like Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) and Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) are recommended for use, in order to achieve a higher performance. Equi-viscous method usually gives higher mixing and compaction temperatures for modified binders. Zero shear viscosity (ZSV) method is recommended by different researchers for establishing the mixing and compaction temperatures of modified binders. This paper gives the results found for mixing and compaction temperatures of modified and neat binders established through both Equi-viscous and Zero shear viscosity. Results of mixing and compaction temperatures for neat bitumen, CRMB and PMB with addition of different percentages of Sasobit as a WMA additive are also presented in the paper.
17
VERIFICATION OF A FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER USING A GOLDEN SLAB

Richard Stain1 and Mark Dawkins2
1 2
Director, Testconsult Ltd, Ruby House, Warrington, WA1 4RF 01925 286896 Director Testconsult Ltd
ABSTRACT The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) is a well known piece of equipment used for measuring road pavement deflection. Unfortunately, there is no International Standard and FWDs vary somewhat with different manufacturers. This lack of a standard presents a problem for the end user and in the UK, these machines are verified each year at a trial organised by Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). The procedure consists of many machines testing the same road pavement sections on the same day and then comparing the results. A machine will pass if the results lie within a certain percentage of the mean results for the whole group. While that is a practical approach and has been used for a number of years it suffers from the obvious disadvantage that a machine could pass when compared to one set of say ten FWDs but fail when compared to a different set of ten. Similarly a correct machine, (if only we knew what that was!), could fail simply because some of the others in the group were improperly calibrated. Its not really very satisfactory from anyones point of view. The authors decided to explore an alternative approach whereby the force/time curve of the impact would be standardised on a Golden slab , a massive and thick slab of concrete that would be unchanging year on year and season by season. Hopefully this would remove the difficult problem of defining and standardising the FWD force and buffer configuration. The authors built a Golden Slab consisting of a 3m x 3m x 1m thick concrete slab and have built up some experience of using this during the last year. This paper presents the results to date, suggests an improved Golden Slab and tentatively proposes how the key elements of an FWD could be specified/standardised.
18
NEW CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL: UNDERSTANDING THE HYDRATION PROCESS USING INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND THERMAL ANALYSIS
Dr.Monower Sadique
Research Fellow, School of Built Environment, LJMU, UK
ABSTRACT
A combined application of Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Infrared spectroscopy (IR) to track the changes in hydrated phases during the hydration process has been suggested as a valuable means for better understanding of the hydration phenomenon through this study. Successful production of hydrates upon hydration by the new zero cement cementitious materials as well as non-expansive nature of secondary ettringite after 365 days were revealed using analytical techniques.
Key words: Differential thermal analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; hydration kinetics; hydration product
19
HIGH FRICTION SURFACING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL AGGREGATE

David Woodward University of Ulster, UK
ABSTRACT
High Friction Surfacing is a proprietary product developed and used extensively used in the UK at locations where there is a significant risk of serious or fatal accidents occurring e.g. approaching traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, road junctions, slip roads. Developed in the 1960s, treatment of such sites found up to a 60% reduction in accidents involving skidding in their first year of use. This research identified that the optimum aggregate was a 3mm calcined bauxite applied to the asphalt surface using an epoxy based binder. The main sources of calcined bauxite used in the UK are Guyana and China. However, over the last few years the price of this material has risen considerably. This paper looks at whether natural aggregates can be used as a replacement to calcined bauxite.
20
PAVEMENT RUTTING PREDICTION MODELS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE

Taddesse Ephrem
Associate Professor, University of Agder, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Department of Engineering Science. Jon Lilletuns vei 9, 4879 Grimstad, Norway
ABSTRACT
Prediction of pavement performance is a key process in the efficient management of pavement assets for a highway agency. There are a lot of tools that can be used to develop pavement performance prediction models, but the newest generation of tools belongs to the field of Artificial Intelligence. The important goal of this research is to use the intelligent artificial neural network (ANN) modeling technique and check its predicting capability against the classical multiple linear regression (MLR) method. Flexible pavement rutting prediction models are developed using MLR and ANN techniques, using data from the Norwegian national road databank (NVDB). Comparative study of the results is also conducted. The main conclusion from this study is that pavement rutting prediction models using the intelligent ANN technique predict pavement condition with a better accuracy than the classical MLR models. KEY WORDS: Pavement performance prediction models, pavement rutting, Artificial Neural Network modeling, pavement condition measurement data.
21
POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-RELATED PROPERTIES OF RUBBERIZED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES PRODUCED WITH DRY TECHNOLOGY
Ezio Santagata*, Michele Lanotte, Davide Dalmazzo, Maria Chiara Zanetti
Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI),Politecnico di Torino 24, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Turin, Italy
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation which focused on the effects caused by the inclusion of coarse crumb rubber in a wearing course mixture produced by means of the so-called dry technology. For comparative purposes a reference mixture, which did not contain any recycled rubber, was also included in the study. Both mixtures were sampled at a production plant and were thereafter subjected to standard control tests (composition and Marshall properties) and to performance-related tests for the assessment of compactability, elastic stiffness, rutting resistance and resistance to crack formation and propagation. Employed crumb rubber was characterized in terms of particle size distribution, density, particle morphology, surface area and chemical composition. Performance-related tests were carried out on specimens compacted to the same void content (equal to 6%). Experimental results highlighted the fact that if compaction problems are overcome, crumb rubber can bring several benefits to a bituminous mixture, by enhancing its elastic response under pulse loading and by increasing its fracture toughness and ductility. Additional tests carried out after immersion in water also showed that moisture damaging effects are in most cases quite limited, with the only exception of resistance to permanent deformation which tends to decrease significantly.
22
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND CE MARKING FOR PRODUCTS

Ian Walsh
Road Consultants Ltd., UK
ABSTRACT
Surfacing materials including Asphalts, Surface Dressing and Microasphalt (Slurry Surfacing) must be put on the market with CE mark after 30 June 2013. These products cannot be sold without a CE Mark. CE Marking does not apply to the performance of the product after delivery to the customer. This has ramifications for the producer and for the Client/Specifier. For asphalts, the change is relatively straight forward as the products have been available with a voluntary CE mark since the publication of the BS EN 13108 series of harmonised Standards (2006 onwards). The obvious change is an editorial on from a Declaration of Conformity to a Declaration of Performance, but this also recognises a change in emphasis from delivery in accordance with a quality system, to delivery of a known performance as demonstrated in a Type Approval Installation Trial (TAIT) or by surrogate laboratory testing. All the CE Marked properties must be disclosed to the Client in writing for each delivery. The change also affects the production of Thin Surface Courses Systems under the BBA HAPAS scheme. For Surface Dressing and Microasphalt the change is more fundamental in that no one has yet delivered these products, which are manufactured on site, in accordance with EN 12271 and EN 12273. It requires a TAIT monitored for at least 12months to demonstrate durability. For Clients, the CE Marking can limit what they specify, how they do it and how they control the quality. This is a serious issue requiring the provision of guidance, as indicated by the paper, to ensure legal compliance, so that correctly specified material is installed to provide the expected level of performance.
23
Day Two Conference Programme

DAY 2 Thursday 28 February 2013 Venue: Britannia Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool, UK 08:0008:30 Registration, Refreshment and Exhibition Morning Programme
th
Session 1, Chairman: Dr. Nick Thom, the University of Nottingham, UK 08:30 Dae-Wook Park, Sang-Hun Lee, and Hai Viet Vo, Korea Experimental Verification of Air-Foamed Stabilized Mixture of Wasted Soils as Subgrade. Rajan Choudhary and Julaganti Ashok, India Effect of Sasobit on Mix Design Parameters. Mohammad Reza Ahadi, Iran Laboratory Assessment of Roller Comp acted Concrete by Application of Steel Polymers in Concrete Pavements in Iran. Questions & Discussion Exhibition
08:45
09:00
09:15 09:20
Session 2, Chairman: Dr. Choudhary Rajan, India 09:50 Olumide M. Ogundipe, Nick Thom and Andrew C. Collop, Nigeria Evaluation of the Performance of Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayers (SAMIS) Against Reflective Cracking under Thermal Loading Grainne McQuaid, Phillip Millar and David Woodward, UK Application of Close Range Photogrammetry and 2.5d Laser Scanning to Better Understand Tyre /Asphalt Interaction. Masoud Robati, Alan Carter and Daniel Perraton, Evaluation and Selection of Aggregate Grading for Type III Application of Micro-surfacing Using ISSA Mix Design Procedure. Satish Pandey, India Utilization of Steel Slag Aggregates in Hot Mix Bituminous Pavement. Questions & Discussion Refreshments and Exhibition
10:05
10:20
10:35
10:50 10:55
24
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Session 3, Chairman: Dae-Wook Park, Korea 11:25 Amjad Albayati and Ahmad Al-Ani, Iraq Comparison Study Between Lime Application Methods on HMA Asphalt Concrete in Iraq. Olanike Akinkurolere Olufunke, Nigeria Efects of Rice -Husk Ash as Partial Replacement for Cement on Compressive Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Juan Antonio Gonzlez-Len, France Evaluation of Warm Asphalt Technologies Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement. Rajasekaran Sankarappan, India Utilisation of Waste Plastics in Construction of Flexible Pavement. Questions & Discussion Lunch and Exhibition
11:40
11:55
12:10
12:25 12:30
Afternoon Programme Session 4, Chairman: Dr. Mohammad Reza Ahadi, Iran 13:15 Adnan Qadir, Zia-ur-Rehman, Rukhsana Rahooja and Abdul Bari Mangi, Pakistan Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Lightwe ight Aggregate Concrete and the Effect of Polypropylene Fibre. Elena Sez Caballero, Spain POLYMIX: Polymeric Wastes in Asphalt Mixes. Abbas Al-Hdabi, LCMT, UK Durability and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled Asphalt Containing Cement and Waste Fly Ash. Mitchell Ruth, Donal Ryan and David Woodward, UK Warm Mix Asphalt Research in Ireland Questions & Discussion Exhibition
13:30 13:45
14:00
14:15 14:20
25
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Session 5, Chairman: Prof. Adnan Qadir Pakistan 14:50 H. Behbahani and M.R.M. Aliha, Iran Low Temperature Fracture Behaviour Investigation for Recycled Asphalt Pavements. O. L. Oke, Nigeria Assessment of Water and Temperature Susceptibilities of Cold Recycled Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures Using the NAT in the ITSM Mode of Testing. James Rombi, Italy The Use of Granite by-Products in Road Asphalt Layers. Javad Tanzadeh, Javad Tanzadeh, Fariborz Vahedi, Mohammad Reza Ahadi, Rashid Tanzadeh and Pezhouhan T . Kheiry , Iran Laboratory Evaluation of Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Iron Nano Oxide. Questions & Discussion Refreshments and Exhibition
15:05
15:20 15:35
15:50 15:55
Session 6, Chairman: Mike Southern Eurobitumen, Belgium 16:15 Dirce Carreg Balzan, Brazil Foamed Asphalt Technology: Test Results with Construction and Demolition Waste Shaun Friel and David Woodward, UK Use of Local Aggregates as Sustainable Asphalt Surfacing Materials. Bert Jan Lommerts, UK A New Preservation Technology for Porous Asphalt. Questions and Closing Remarks by the Conference Chairman and Director Professor Hassan Al-Nageim, Liverpool John Moores University
16:30
16:45 17:00
26
Day Two: Speakers Short CVs

Dae-Wook Park Dr. Park got a Ph.D. at Texas A & M University in May 2004. He worked for Maryland State Highway Administration as a consultant from August 2004 to February 2006. He is associate professor at Kunsan National University in South Korea. His expertise are asphalt mixture, asphalt pavement, pavement-vehicle interaction, tire contact pressure. Dr. Rajan Choudhary, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.), India.
Dr. Mohammad Reza Ahadi, B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, MIHT, MICE Dr. Ahadi is the Deputy of Road Safety from the Transport Research Institute in Iran, where he has been an Assistant Professor and Senior Researcher since 2000. Dr. Ahadi holds his MSc in Traffic Transportation from City University and his PhD in Pavement Engineering from the Queen Mary College University of London. Dr. Ahadi has had a considerably varied academic and industrial career. His teaching experience began at Queen Mary College University of London, and has expanded to involve supervision of several research projects on the subject of road safety and pavement engineering. He is engaged in teaching undergraduates at Azad University in Iran and also traffic police with regards to the principles of road safety and highway engineering. Since the start of his career, he has supervised over 35 M.Sc student projects and is currently working with two PhD candidates. Dr. Ahadi has over seventy publications in both national and international journals, along with attendance at many academic and industrial conferences. Dr. Ahadi is deeply involved with public organisations in an advisory capacity, and is a TRB Committee Member of ANB10 and AFB20. He is also active in two NGOs in the road safety and pavement engineering fields, as well as the Road Safety Engineering Committee at the National Transportation Organisation. 27
Dr. Ogundipe Olumide Moses Dr. Ogundipe obtained his first and second degrees in Civil Engineering at University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (now Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti) and University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, respectively. He bagged his Ph.D at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. He is a lecturer at Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. His area of specialization is Transportation Engineering with special focus on Highway materials. Grainne McQuaid, University of Ulster Grainne graduated from Queens University, Belfast in 2012 with an Honours Degree in Civil Engineering Currently. Grainne is currently a DEL sponsored PhD researcher in highway engineering at the University of Ulster. Memberships include the Institution of Civil Engineers, Engineers of Ireland, Chartered Institute of Highways and Transportation and the Institute of Asphalt Technology. Masoud Robati Ph.D. student, cole de technologie superieure
Satish Pandey Mr. Satish Pandey is working as a Scientist in Flexible Pavement Division of CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New-Delhi, India. He is also engaged as an Assistant Professor in Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research Govt. of India. He has around eight year research experience in the field of highway engineering. He obtained his Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering in Hons. with gold medal from Rajiv Gandhi Technical University Bhopal, M.P. He obtained his Masters in Transportation Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. He has credited to publish ten papers in various national and international journals and conferences. He is the recipient of, Diamond Jubilee Research Intern Award by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, Best Guide Award by Indian Concrete Institute and Associated Cement Companies Limited. He was also felicitated by Best paper award in National Level Technical Symposium Technovision 2003" at S.A.T.I Vidisha and Techno Search 2004 at M.A.N.I.T, Bhopal. He is an active member of Indian Concrete Institute, Indian Road Congress and BIS-FICCI task force on Technical Textile.
28
Amjad Albayati Assist prof. Transportation. Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq Olanike Akinkurolere Olufunke Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State University,Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Dr. Juan Antonio Gonzlez-Len Juan obtained his Chemical Engineering degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and his PhD in Polymer science and engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States. He works since 2007 at ARKEMAs Rhone Alpes Research Center, in France, as a research engineer in the area of bitumen additives, in particularly, on the development of warm mix asphalt additives. S. Rajasekaran with B.Sc. Chemistry , MSc. Applied Chemistry Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Both are Madurai Kamaraj University, and BEd., in Bharathiyar Univeristy, INDIA, Research work is Utilisation of Waste plastics for Construction materials. State government implemented for Road laying process. i have published national and interanation conferences and national journals. so many special lecture given various seminars. Adnan Qadir , NED University, Pakistan. Adnan Qadir: is a Professor and Co-Chairman in the Department of Urban and Infrastructure Engineering at NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, where he received his B.E., and M.Sc., degrees in Civil Engineering in 1991 and 1998 respectively. He completed his PhD in Transportation Engineering from Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, 2010. His research interests include highway materials such as polymer and geogrid reinforced asphalt concrete, roadway geometries and highway pavement design.
Elena Sez Caballero, Spain Elena graduated in Public Works Engineering at the Polytechnic University and licensed civil engineering at the Alfonso X el Sabio of Madrid (Spain). She works in ACCIONA Infrastructures since June2008 as a Research Engineer developing research projects related to road infrastructures, mainly focused on calculation of pavement structures.
29
Abbas Al-Hdabi, LCMT, UK Abbas Al-hdabi achieved his BSc in Civil Engineering from Babylon University and MSc in Transportation Engineering from Baghdad University in Iraq and now a PhD researcher at LJM University, UK. His area of interest is in bituminous materials, pavement structural design and design of roads and bridges. He was working at Kufa cement factory from 2001 till 2006 as civil engineering and from 2006 till 2011 was working as lecturer at Kufa University in Iraq. Now he is a PhD student at Liverpool John Moores University.
Mitchell Ruth Graduated from the University of Ulster in 2004 gaining a First Class Honors in Construction Engineering. She has worked as a Civil engineer for several International consultancies, including RPS and BDP, focusing on Highway Engineering. Ruth started her PhD in April 2011, the title is Durability of Warm Mix Asphalt and is funded by National Roads Authority of Ireland through the NRA Research Fellowship Programme. M.R.M. Aliha Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Iran O. L. Oke Lecturer - Ekiti State University - Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
James Rombi Mr. James Rombi BSc and MSc graduated in Environmental Engineering at Cagliari (Italy) University. He has conducted researches on granular Debris Flows and the remediation of contaminated sites using water jet technology. At present He is a PhD researcher at the Department of Structural Engineering University of Cagliari where he is currently studying the possibility of using Granite by-products and Construction and Demolition waste materials for road construction purposes.
30
Dr. Javad Tanzadeh Dr. Javad Tanzadeh completed his B.Sc.,M.Eng., and Ph.D. degrees in Civil Engineering. He graduated with the doctoral degree in january 2007.He worked over ten years in various academic institution in Iran.He is Technical and operational manager in Organization of Roads and urban development of Tehran He has more than 10 publications to his credit and has completed more than 20 research projects in Road Engineering about Effect of Nano Materials in Creep and Fatigue of concrete Asphalt samples and Modified Asphalt with new Materials, Bitumen- and Polymer Bitumen Waterproofing Membranes, Nanotechnology-based Bituminous Materials. Dirce Carreg Balzan Urban Infrastructure and Public Works Office, Brazil Shaun Friel, University of Ulster Shaun Friel, holds a first class honours degree in Civil Engineering from Liverpool John Moores University and an MSc in Construction and Project Management from Queens University, Belfast. Currently nearing completion of a PhD in Highway Engineering at University of Ulster. Memberships include Institution of Civil Engineers, Institute of Asphalt Technology and Chartered Institute of Highways & Transportation. Dr.Bert Jan Lommerts Dr. Bert Jan Lommerts: 52, obtained a masters degree in Chemical Engineering and a PhD in Polymer Physics with cum laude honors from the State University of Groningen, The Netherlands. His industrial career started at Akzo Nobel where he was responsible for the research on high performance fibers, for example new fibers to be used for tire reinforcement. Subsequently, he became plant manager of the Twaron aramid fiber plant in Arnhem. In 1999 he took the challenge of merging three smaller companies into the new Latexfalt, a company active in the production of advanced emulsions and polymer modified bitumen. Under his supervision over the last 12 years the company has grown with a factor of 5 in turnover by focusing of innovations and new business concepts in the road industry.
31
Day Two- Papers EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF AIR-FOAMED STABILIZED MIXTURE OF WASTED SOILS AS SUBGRADE
Dae-Wook Park1, Hai Viet Vo2, Sang-Hun Lee3
1
(Corresponding Author) Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehak Ro 558, Kunsan, Chellabuk-do, 573-701, Korea 2 Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, Daehak Ro 558, Kunsan, Chellabuk-do, 573-701, Korea 3 Sungwon Engineering and Consultant, Hyoja-Dong 1Ga 594-8, Jeonju, Chellabuk-do, 560-908, Korea
ABSTRACT
In these days, use of proper soils for road construction materials become more limited, but wasted soils are abundant; therefore, the method which can use wasted soil such as soft clay has been investigated. Air-foameded stabilized soil has been used widely, but never been used as a subgrade material of road. The aim of this study is to verify the use of air-foameded stabilized soil as the subgrade construction material of road. Several wasted soils such as soft clay was selected to make airfoameded stabilized soil mixtures. The air-foameded stabilized mixture design was conducted to find the optimum quantity of stabilizing agent (cement) and air-foamed, and the effect of cement quantity and air-foamed quantity on strength of air-foameded stabilized soil mixtures base on the test results of unconfined compression test was investigated. As the quantity of cement is increased, the strength is increased, but the quantity of air-foamed is increased, the strength is decreased. Elastic moduli based on unconfined compression strength were obtained to use pavement structural design. As cement content increases, the bottom up and rutting depth were decreased. From the results, it was found that air-foameded stabilized soil mixtures of soft clay and dredge soil could be used as the subgrade material. Keywords: Air-foameded stabilized soil; Soft clay; Dredge soil; Subgrade.
32
EFFECT OF SASOBIT ON MIX DESIGN PARAMETERS

Rajan Choudhary1, Ashok Julaganti2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.) Guwahati, Assam, India 781039 2 Ph. D Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.) Guwahati, Assam, India 781039
ABSTRACT Premature failure of roads in India due to high increase in axle loads, overloading, higher temperature variations etc. have created the demand for the use of modified bitumen in bituminous mixes. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) and Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) are frequently used now a day on wearing courses of Indian highways. During the production and compaction of bituminous mixes a large amount of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxides, nitrous oxides, sulphur oxides, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) etc. are generated. Since mixes with modified bitumen have to be produced and compacted at comparatively higher temperatures than those with neat binder, resulting into higher emissions of greenhouse gases. Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies prevalent in in Europe and USA are also gaining popularity in India. WMA technologies use organic additives, chemical additives, emulsions, foaming technologies etc., for reducing operation temperatures of the asphalt mix about 20 to 50C. In this study WMA mixes are designed using Sasobit (an organic additive) with PMB and CRMB binders. This paper presents the mix design parameters of WMA mixes and control mixes (without Sasobit), at different mixing and compaction temperatures.
33
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE BY APPLICATION OF STEEL POLYMERS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN IRAN
Mohammad Reza Ahadi 1, Javad Tanzadeh 2,Gholam Ali Jafarzadeh 3, Rashid Tanzadeh 4, Pezhouhan T. Kheiry 5
1 2 3 4 5
Assistant Professor, Transportation Research Institute, University of Science & Technology, Tehran-Iran Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University Bandar Anzaly Branch, Gilan -Iran Assistant Professor, Gilan University, Gilan -Iran MSc, student, University of Gilan, Dept. of Civil Engineering MSc Civil Eng., National Transportation Infrastructures Research Center
Corresponding Author: Dr Mohammad Reza Ahadi
ABSTRACT
Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is one of the most durable pavement types when subjected to heavy traffic loads, which are more prevalent due to an increase in road capacity and technological advances in transport. RCC also offers greater comfort and ride ability for drivers, and improved visibility in dark conditions due to the bright colour of the RCC surface. However, the formation of cracks caused by tensile stresses is the major drawback of this type of pavement, which results in a break in the bonding within concrete layers. Various types of additives have been used to reduce this tensile cracking. With regards to aggregate types used for construction of concrete in Iran, steel fibres are new materials that have been shown to reinforce concrete and improve tensile strength; thereby reducing the incidence of microscopic cracks. In this study, reinforcement of concrete with steel fibre is investigated by laboratory tests, including the compressive strength test and a four-point bending strength test. There is also an evaluation of the effect of certain parameters, such as the curing period, in order to achieve concrete with a higher workability. The results show that adding steel fibres to concrete enhances its flexural strength and provides a homogenous pavement with a higher loading capacity. Keywords: RCC, Steel Fibres, Concrete Pavement, Pavement Cracks
34
EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF STRESS ABSORBING MEMBRANE INTERLAYERS (SAMIS) AGAINST REFLECTIVE CRACKING UNDER THERMAL LOADING
O.M. Ogundipe1, N.H.Thom2 and A.C.Collop3
1 2
Civil Engineering Department, Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham, UK. 3 Faculty of Technology, De-Montfort University, UK..
ABSTRACT This study examines the potential of stress absorbing membrane interlayers (SAMIs) to retard reflective cracking in an overlaid pavement subjected to temperature variations. The SAMIs in the study were produced by sandwiching strands of glass fibre between two layers of bitumen emulsion. Two different types of bitumen emulsion were considered in the study. The test was conducted using a thermal cycling device developed at the University of Nottingham. The test results showed that the specimen with SAMIs performed better than the control specimens with no SAMIs. It was found that the strain distribution was more uniform over the length of the specimens with SAMIs than the control specimen and they sustained greater crack opening. Lastly, the test results established the importance of the slip between the overlay and SAMIs to the crack resistance of SAMIs used as interlayer between overlay and the existing pavement.
35
APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND 2.5D LASER SCANNING TO BETTER UNDERSTAND TYRE /ASPHALT INTERACTION
G. McQuaid, P. Millar, D. Woodward and D. Ryan
School of the Built Environment, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, Jordanstown campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, United Kingdom, BT37 0QB
ABSTRACT This paper considers the use of two techniques i.e. close range photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning to produce 3D models. Examples are given to show how these methods can be used. This ability to measure and quantify parameters opens new opportunities to investigate issues at scales ranging from the macro to the micro-scale and so allow better understanding of the asphalt / tyre interface.
Key Words: High resolution 3D laser, close range photogrammetry, volume parameters Triangular Irregular Networks, Depth Classification.
36
EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF AGGREGATE GRADING FOR TYPE III APPLICATION OF MICRO-SURFACING USING ISSA MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE
Masoud Robati1, Alan Carter2 & Daniel Perraton2
1 2
Ph.D. student, cole de technologie superieure Professor, cole de technologie superieure
ABSTRACT Micro-Surfacing is a polymer modified, asphalt emulsion based, dense graded, cold mixed, and quick setting, asphalt resurfacing material. Type III application of micro-surfacing is used as the rut fill materials for highly trafficked roads. As of now, International Slurry Surfacing Association (ISSA) mix design guideline is the widely used standard to design micro-surfacing mixtures. The research described in this paper intended to suggest modifications to the actual ISSA mix design procedure to accurately select aggregate grading for type III micro-surfacing mixtures. To do this, a sensitivity analysis at Laboratoire sur les Chausses et Matriaux Bitumineux (LCMB), at cole de technologie suprieure (TS), Montral, Canada, was used in order to study the effect of aggregate gradation, and asphalt emulsion residue on five micro-surfacing mixture design tests, including Loaded wheel test (ISSA TB 109), Wet track abrasion test (ISSA TB 100), modified cohesion test (ISSA TB 139), vertical displacement test (ISS TB 109, Method-A), and Mixing time test. The second part of study consisted mainly of establishing a limit for the aggregate gradation used in type III application of micro-surfacing, which gives higher resistance to rutting as it is the main property of type III application of micro-surfacing. To do this, the resistant of different micro-surfacing mixtures against rutting was evaluated and modified specifications were suggested to select aggregate grading for type III application of micro-surfacing.
37
UTILIZATION OF STEEL SLAG AGGREGATES IN HOT MIX BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

Satish Pandey1, Dr. P.K.Jain2, Nick Jones3
1 2
Scientist, CSIR-CRRI, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India, Chief Scientist, CSIR-CRRI, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India, 3 Slag Business Development Manager, Harsco Metals Group Ltd.
ABSTRACT India has the second largest road network in the world with a total road length of 4.24 million km. Hot mix bituminous pavement contribute around 50% road length to this vast road network. Large scale highway construction in India, emanating from rapid development, has caused massive depletion of scarce natural aggregate. This paper investigates the influences of the utilization of steel slag as a coarse aggregate on the properties of hot mix bituminous concrete. Physical characteristics of ingredients of bituminous mix i.e natural aggregate, steel slag aggregate and bituminous binder were determined to find out their compliance with Ministry of Road Transport and Highway Specification for Road and Bridge Work. Mechanical characteristics of bituminous mixes, Unmodified (having natural aggregate) and Modified (having steel slag as coarse aggregate) were determined using Marshall Method of mix design. Unmodified and Modified mixes were also subjected to an array of performance tests to check out the suitability of steel slag aggregates for the preparation of high performance bituminous mix. The performance tests includes, retained Marshall Stability, indirect tensile strength, static creep test, wheel-tracking test and resilient modulus test. The laboratory study confirmed the improvement in various mechanical properties of steel slag modified mixes besides reduction in temperature and moisture susceptibility. Key Words: Steel Slag Aggregate, Natural aggregate, Bituminous Mix, Bituminous Pavement.
38
COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN LIME APPLICATION METHODS ON HMA ASPHALT CONCRETE IN IRAQ
Amjad H. K. Albayati1 & Ahmed M. M. Alani
1 2
Assist prof. Transportation. Engineering,University of Baghdad M.Sc Candidate Transportation Engineering,University of Baghdad
ABSTRACT
Iraq has been experiencing tremendous development in the national infrastructure road network over the last decade. Iraqi economic growth in rural areas has been triggered by good and safe roads and highways network system. . Studies had shown that climate, traffic conditions, characteristics of the asphalt binder and the aggregate are the main factors that can contribute in the premature pavement failures. The ability of hydrated lime to improve the fatigue and rutting resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) as well as moisture sensitivity , has led to observed improvement in the field of lime modified HMA pavements ,and significant decreases in maintenance and repair costs of highway network. In this study, the mechanistic properties of asphalt concrete mixes modified with hydrated lime as a partial replacement of limestone dust mineral filler were evaluated. Four replacement rates were used; 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 percent by weight of aggregate beside two kinds of addition methods, namely dry and wet. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties which include moisture damage, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and fatigue characteristics. These properties have been evaluated using indirect tensile strength, uniaxial repeated loading and repeated flexural beam. The experimental results, in general, showed that the mixes modified with hydrated lime were found to have improved fatigue and permanent deformation characteristics, also showed lower moisture susceptibility and high resilient modulus. The use of 1.5 percent of hydrated lime in wet addition method as a replacement for limestone dust mineral filler has shown a significant improvement of asphalt concrete behavior and has added to the local knowledge the possibility of producing more durable mixture with higher resistance to distress.
39
EFECTS OF RICE-HUSK ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CEMENT ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE
Akinkurolere Olufunke Olanike
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State University,Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The high and continuous increase in the cost of cement and the incessant scarcity brought about by the high exchange rate by the local currency which discourages importation of construction materials have made it imperative to search for other alternatives. Also, the source of raw materials for building industries is clearly changing in many countries and more attention is given to the environmental safety regulations. Due to the reservation of natural resources, prevention of environmental pollution, and cost-saving consideration of construction project, the recycled concrete aggregate has been widely reused for making different construction materials. Experimental studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of Rice-Husk Ash on the Compressive strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. The experimental program consisted of testing 100 x 100 x 100mm concrete cubes. The experimental variables used were the Water- cement ratio, Recycled Aggregate, and Rice-Husk Ash as partial replacement for cement. Orthogonal Array table with three levels and three factors was used to prepare the mixing proportions, and Analysis of Variance and significance test with F statistic were used to check the existence of interaction and level of significance. The results indicate that the order of significance of the three factors are recycled aggregate content, Rice-Husk Ash content and water-cement ratio, respectively. The effects of these variables on the compressive strength of concrete are presented and discussed. Keywords: Recycled Aggregate, Concrete, Water-cement ratio, Rice-Husk Ash.
40
EVALUATION OF WARM ASPHALT TECHNOLOGIES CONTAINING RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT

Juan Antonio Gonzlez-Len, Patrick Caujolle & Vincent Luca
Centre de Recherche Rhne-Alpes ARKEMA, Rue Henri Moissan, B.P. 63 Pierre-Bnite, France 69493.
ABSTRACT It has been demonstrated that the ensemble of warm mix asphalt technologies are compatible with most of the asphalt mixtures normally produced at standard hot temperatures. The advantages of using warm mix asphalts (WMA), in particular on the reduction of polluting emissions and energy consumption, have been reported on several occasions in literature described by laboratory and field tests. However, the biggest challenge remains to be efficiently combining WMA with higher amounts of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The incorporation of higher amounts of RAP into asphalt mixtures produced at reduced temperatures is not an easy task, although several economical and environmental advantages are obtained by its use. The final asphalt mix properties are highly dependent on the proper blending between the aged bitumen, present on the RAP, and the fresh added binder. The blending of aged and fresh binder is a process that depends on the viscosity of the binders, their mixing time, and among other factors the operating conditions. It is easy to imagine that this blending process is more difficult at lower production temperatures, as found in WMA, than in regular hot mix asphalt conditions. WMA technologies are based on different physical phenomena, such as bitumen viscosity reduction, use of surface-active chemicals, or bitumen foaming, a different result from the incorporation of higher amounts of RAP may be expected in each case. In this work, the challenges of using increased amounts of RAP with warm asphalt mix technologies are discussed and demonstrated through original laboratory experiments based on two phase rheology. Simple mechanical tests on asphalt mixes containing high amounts of RAP were also carried out to evaluate the impact of those technologies on the final performance of the mix. The effect of WMA additives on the compaction performance of asphalt mixtures containing RAP is also discussed. Finally, the advantages of using WMA and RAP together from an environmental point of view are also shown. A simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is used to this exemplify this, taking into account the impact of the WMA additive used for this end.
41
UTILISATION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

S.Rajasekaran1, Dr.Vasudevan2 & Dr.Samuvel Paulraj3
1 2
Research Scholar, Madurai kamaraj University Thiagarajar college of Engineering, Madurai - 15 3 M.K University
ABSTRACT Elastomers like natural rubber, crumb rubber, SBR, etc. as well as Plastomeric substances like Polyethylene, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate and Ethylene Butyl Acrylates are mixed with Bitumen to modify the properties. Modified Bitumen possesses better quality1. Today the availability of the waste plastics is enormous, as the plastic materials have become part and parcel of daily life. They either get mixed with Municipal Solid Waste and or thrown over land area. Their present disposal is either by land filling or by incineration. Both the processes are not Ecofriendly. Under this circumstance, an alternate use for the waste plastics is also the need of the hour.
42
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE CONCRETE AND THE EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE
Adnan Qadir1, Zia-ur-Rehman2, Rukhsana Rahooja3, Abdul Bari Mangi4
1
Professor, Department of Urban and Infrastructure Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi-74550, Pakistan 2 Principal Research Officer/ Secretary, Council for Works and Housing Research, F-40, Hub River Road, SITE, Karachi, 75730, Pakistan. 3 Chairperson, Council for Works and Housing Research, F-40, Hub River Road, SITE, Karachi, 75730, Pakistan. 4 Principal Research Officer, Council for Works and Housing Research, F-40, Hub River Road, SITE, Karachi, 75730, Pakistan.
ABSTRACT This study investigates the flexural behaviour of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC) and the effect of polypropylene (PP) fibres upon its addition in LWAC mix. In all nine (09) beams, three (03) each of Normal Weight Aggregate Concrete (NWAC), Light Weight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC)and Light Weight Aggregate Fibrous Concrete (LWAFC) were fabricated and tested under two point loading until failure of the beam. The observation demonstrates that the number of cracks and their widths decreased drastically in LWAFC as compared to NWAC. Moreover, unit weight of LWAC reduced by 20% than NWAC which is of paramount importance. Furthermore, compressive strength and load bearing capacity of LWAFC was not compromised as evaluated during the academic study. The steel quantity required in LWAC beams decreased 21% as compared to NWAC beams whereas the unit cost of LWAC and LWAFC increased nearly 2.5 times more than NWAC. Thus it can be concluded that LWAC along with PP fibres yield impressive results and hence it is recommended that this material needs to be explored further in different aspects and efficient procedures should be adopted to make it cost effective in order to bring it in practice in the construction industry
43
POLYMIX: POLYMER WASTES IN ASPHALT MIXES: A WAY TO INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY OF ROADS INFRASTRUCTURES
Daniel Castro Fresno1, Elena Sez Caballero2, Eva Verdejo Andrs3 & Jose Antonio Plaza Rivero4
1 2
E.T.S.I de Caminos, Canales y Puertos,Avenida de los Castros s/n,39005 Santander (Cantabria) ESPAA Acciona Infraestructuras, Valportillo Segunda N 8,28108 Alcobendas (Madrid) ESPAA 3 Aimplas. Instituto Tecnolgico del plastic,C/ Gustave Eiffel N 4 Valncia Parc Tecnolgic,46980 Paterna (Valencia) ESPAA 4 Direccin General de carreteras de la Comunidad de Madrid, C/Orense N 60. 28020 Madrid (Madrid) ESPAA
ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is the demonstration of the superior performance of new environmental friendly asphalt mixes modified with polymeric wastes. POLYMIX project deals with design and characterization of asphalt mixtures modified with the following polymeric wastes: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and rubber from end-of-life tyres (ELTs). Also optimum addition percentages are being calculated. Afterwards, the findings have been deployed for validation in four life-size demonstration stretches, one for each kind of polymer, with a total length of 2 km in a real highway in the Madrid Region (Spain). A full set of monitoring tools will be implemented in order to assess the pavement deformation. Moreover, the project aims to introduce some guidelines for the use of these mixtures and to encourage national and international administrations to include them in their technical specifications for roads.
Keywords: Asphalt, Mixture, Waste, Polimeric
44
Durability and Stiffness Modulus of a New Cold Rolled Asphalt Containing Cement and Waste Fly Ash
Abbas Al-Hdabi and Hassan Al Nageim
School of Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University.
ABSTRACT Cold bitumen emulsion mixtures provide valuable advantages over hot mixture asphalt in terms of economic and environmental point of views. The total energy required for mixing, transportation and laying such mixtures is less comparing with the traditional hot mixtures. This paper describes the results of a new developed gap graded Cold Rolled Asphalt (CRA) to be comparable with the traditional Hot Rolled Asphalt (HRA) through the replacement of the conventional mineral filler with a new Binary Blended Filler BBF consists of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and a Waste Fly Ash (WFA) in the CRA. The mechanical properties were assessed by stiffness modulus while water sensitivity was inspected by evaluating the stiffness modulus ratio before and after samples conditioning. The experimental results have shown a significant improvement in the mechanical properties and a substantial upgrading of material resistance to water sensitivity from the addition of BBF to the cold asphalt instead of the conventional mineral filler.
KEY WORDS cold rolled asphalt, cement, waste material, hot rolled asphalt, stiffness modulus, water sensitivity.
45
REVIEW OF POTENTIAL WARM MIX ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY IN IRELAND

Ruth Mitchell, David Woodward and Donal Ryan
School of the Built Environment, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland
ABSTRACT
Much research and development has been carried out around the world into warm mix technologies. These approach the same basic goal in differing ways. Ireland has a wet, Atlantic influenced climate very different to most of the countries where these technologies have been originally developed. This paper considers the potential use of these technologies in the context of Ireland. The paper reviews the potential use of Warm Mix technologies with reference to Ireland.
46
LOW TEMPERATURE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR INVESTIGATION FOR RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS

M.R.M. Aliha2,3, H. Behbahani1, H. Fazaeli1, S. Asayesh1
1
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 1684613114, Iran 2 Fatigue and Fracture Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran 16846-13114, Iran 3 Welding and Joining Research Center, School of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST),Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
ABSTRACT The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is among the interesting subjects to perform the overlaying of roads and highways mainly because of its environmental and cost benefits. The percentage of RAP used in the asphalt mixture is an important key issue affecting the strength properties of asphalt pavements. Crack growth due to repeated traffic loading is one of the main causes of overall failure in the asphalt pavements especially for cold regions and cold climates. In this research, the crack growth resistance behavior of asphalt mixtures with different RAP contents was investigated experimentally using semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen. Also the influence of two binder type (with penetration grades of 60/70 and 85/100) and different void percentage was studied on the mode I fracture toughness (KIc) of tested asphalt mixtures. Several SCB specimens were manufactured from gyratory compacted cylinders and then tested under monotonic three point bend loading at -15oC. While by increasing the RAP percentage in the asphalt mixture the obtained results from binder 60/70 showed a reduction in the value of fracture toughness, a slight increase was observed in KIc for the mixtures prepared with binder 85/100. Also, in general, KIc decreases for the higher void contents and higher penetration grade of binders used in the asphalt mixture.
Keywords: Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), Semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen, Fracture toughness, Low temperature, Experimental study.
47
ASSESSMENT OF WATER AND TEMPERATURE SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF COLD RECYCLED BITUMINOUS EMULSION MIXTURES USING THE NAT IN THE ITSM MODE OF TESTING
O. L. Oke1, T. Parry2 & N. H. Thom3
1
Lecturer - Ekiti State University - Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, AdoEkiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria 2 Associate Professor University of Nottingham - Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK 3 Lecturer University of Nottingham - Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
ABSTRACT
Energy efficiency, cost effectiveness and the need to minimise the impact of construction activities on the environment are major drivers responsible for cold recycled asphalt mixtures being considered as alternatives to hot mixtures in road works. However such mixtures are still regarded in some quarters as second class asphalts mainly because of durability problems. The indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) of such materials under the individual or combined effects of water and temperature is considered a good indicative property for assessing durability. The work reported herein involved the assessment of five cold bituminous emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) for ITSM under the effects of water and temperature. The five CBEMs were constituted such that the control specimens contained 100% virgin aggregate (VA), while the remaining four contained reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP) with residual bitumen of varying penetrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20dmm. An aggregate gradation containing RAP, 5mm granite dust and granite mineral filler in the proportion 65:30:5 respectively was used for the RAP CBEMs. Bitumen emulsion content of 6.5% and prewetting water content of 1.5% were applied while the CBEMs were manufactured in the gyratory compactor at temperatures of 20C and 32C. The results of the water and temperature susceptibility tests indicated that irrespective of the CBEM type and the condition of curing and testing temperature for ITSM, CBEMs prepared at 32C consistently performed better than those prepared at 20C even at an ITSM test temperature of 40C, and overall, the RAP CBEMs performed better than the VACBEM. A trend which indicates that as the penetration of residual bitumen in RAP CBEMs increases, performance similarly increases was observed. These results suggest that problems associated with durability could be minimised when adequate quality control measures based on laboratory results are put in place and followed on site during production and the laying of such materials as a road pavement layer. Keywords: RAPs, Cold Asphalt, Durability, ITSM
48
THE USE OF GRANITE BY-PRODUCTS IN ROAD ASPHALT LAYERS

Rombi James1, Coni Mauro2, Portas Silvia3 & Pistis Salvatore4
1
Rombi James, 1PhD student, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari 2 Professor., Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari 3 PhD, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Cagliari , Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari 4 Dr.. head of the Geotechnical Laboratory of the Province of Cagliari Sardinia, Via Cadello, 9/B, 09121 Cagliari
ABSTRACT In this paper a laboratory investigation is presented to verify the potential applications of using granite by-products originating from tunnel excavations in asphalt pavement layers. Three types of granite by-products were studied, two coming from different excavation techniques: Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and Drilling and Blasting (D&B), the third material derived from the crushing of the larger blocks of granite by-products coming from D&B. To be able to crush such material a mobile impact crusher was used. The aggregates were tested and compared to verify physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Particle size distribution, Atterbergs limits, Los Angeles abrasion test, sand equivalent test and several other tests were conducted, also granite fines were tested to be used as a filler. Chemical composition of aggregates was measured with an inductively coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrometry. Several asphalt mix design specimens were prepared using a gyratory compactor. Such specimens showed low adhesion between granite filler and bitumen, thus the interaction mechanisms between granite and bitumen was further studied. The results obtained on the conducted tests have shown that granite coarse aggregates presented good physical and mechanical characteristics, for the application in unbound road layers, but not for HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) base layers due to low adhesion found between granite aggregates and bitumen. Keywords: granite by-products, asphalt pavements, granite filler.
49
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXTURES USING IRON NANO OXIDE

JavadTanzadeh1, Fariborz Vahedi 2,Mohammad Reza Ahadi 3, RashidTanzadeh4 & Pezhouhan T. Kheiry5
1. 2.
Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University Bandar Anzaly Branch, Gilan-Iran Managing Director, Tehran Department of Road & Transportation, Tehran-Iran 3. Assistant Professor, Transportation Research Institute, Iran University of Science & Technology Tehran-Iran 4. MSc, student, University of Gilan, Dept. of Civil Engineering 5. MSc Civil Eng., National Transportation Infrastructures Research Center Corresponding Author: JavadTanzadeh
ABSTRACT Modern road surfaces are being subjected to a considerable increase in traffic, due to an increase in population and technological development. Social factors and globalisation are also playing a part, as people are becoming more socially mobile, leading to better jobs, and a greater likelihood that individuals will need to be able to travel independently. This increased capacity has led to increased cyclic loading on road surfaces, which in turn is causing an increase in fatigue and failure. A cost effective solution is therefore required to improve the fatigue resistance of such surfaces, and thereby reduce operating and maintenance costs. The modern field of pavement engineering is attempting to modify traditional asphalt materials by using increasing quantities of admixtures, in order to achieve a high strength pavement that can sustain greater traffic and environmental loads. Nano technology is expanding into this area, with new asphalt pavements in which Fe2O3is used as an additive. Studies have shown this is the most attractive additive for use in asphalt bitumen pavements, and this study has attempted to determine an optimum percentage by way of laboratory tests. The purpose of this study was to carry out performance tests on new and aged bitumen samples, and the beam fatigue test was used to evaluate the flexural stiffness and fatigue life of the asphalt beam samples. The beam fatigue test provides a measure of the fatigue life and the fatigue energy of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavements, and the results in this study showed that Nano-Fe2O3 applied in asphalt binder samples results in an improvement of the fatigue resistance in comparison with the original asphalt samples. Keywords: Asphalt Mixture, Iron-Nano Oxide, Modified Asphalt, Fatigue
50
FOAMED ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY: TEST RESULTS WITH CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE
Dirce Carreg Balzan1, Flvio Vecchiato Galletti1, Vera Lucia Melo1, Jorge Ogata1 & Valmir Bonfim2
1 2
Urban Infrastructure and Public Works Office - So Paulo City Hall ANE Group, FREMIX Construction Engineering Technical Director
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to present results from a laboratorial test program concerning a new material that we have been testing in So Paulo City Hall, in order to know the performance behavior for pavement bases materials in urban streets. So Paulo City is a really big town placed in Southern Brazil, South America. We have about 15,000 km of paved streets and avenues, but still thousands of kilometers of non-paved streets. In order to fulfill this deficit, we do need new technologies and materials that have a good cost-benefit relationship, but we also have a great concern about the quality of our environment. As a large urban metropolis, So Paulo has former districts that have been renovated; the local Government must deal with a large amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) from old buildings. The goal of this study is to evaluate the behavior of aggregate originating from demolition waste applied to the production of foamed asphalt mixes, to use as pavement base layers. Laboratory tests were carried out to characterize the CDW and the dosage of this material. As an executive department of the City Hall public administration, the Infrastructure and Public Works Office (SIURB) has between its assignments the development of standards for material that can be suitable for public works and streets construction, but we do have concerns about quality and sustainable pavements which are also durable, and that can be built using recycled materials. Key words: Foamed CDW, recycled materials, urban streets, So Paulo City Hall.
51
USE OF LOCAL AGGREGATES AS SUSTAINABLE ASPHALT SURFACING MATERIALS

Shaun Friel, David Woodward and Alan Woodside
School of the Built Environment, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland.
ABSTRACT: Surfacing materials used in the British Isles use what is termed High Specification Aggregate. Its primary function is to provide a skid resistant surface for the road user. The geological location of HSA in the UK and Ireland is typically not where it most needed. The cost of getting it on the road is one of a number of associated problems in an austerity based economy. This paper considers whether local aggregate can be used in more innovative, intelligent and/or sustainable ways. Key Words: High specification aggregate, skid resistance, local aggregate, sustainability.
52
A NEW PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR POROUS ASPHALT

-an innovative, multi-modal, biopolymer stabilized, cationic asphalt emulsion-
Bert Jan Lommerts1, Jan Struik1, Irina Cotiuga1 and Gerbert van Bochove2
1 2
Latexfalt bv, P.O. Box 6, 2396 ZG Koudekerk aan den Rijn, the Netherlands, www.latexfalt.com Breijn bv, Heijmans R&D Laboratories, Rosmalen, the Netherlands, www.breijn.nl.
ABSTRACT
A new modified biopolymer additive, designated as MAGIC Y, significantly improves the storage stability and workability of asphalt emulsions having a penetration ranging from 5 220 mm/10. Using this technology, storage stable and good workable emulsions can be produced having various functional properties. For the preservation of open graded asphalt roads a multi-modal emulsion has been developed, which can be sprayed onto the road surface using standard spraying equipment. The fast breaking emulsion is subsequently forced into the open graded structure by an air flow, whereby the internal surface is recoated, existing bonds between the aggregates are rejuvenated and new bonds are created. The multimodal emulsion combines various functional properties, viz., [1] good wetting of the internal structure of the open graded asphalt, [2] rejuvenation of oxidized and aged asphalt and [3] replenishment of asphalt to create new bonds and to reinforce the pavement structure. After the application of the emulsion the road is slightly sanded in order to meet the required antiskid performance for 120 km/hr roads, i.e.,, a minimum deceleration of 5.2 m/s2 at an initial speed of 80 km/hr. Tests conducted over the last three years at the A6, A50, A73, A30, A1 have proven that stone loss has been significantly reduced and the service life of the road is expected to increase with at least 4 years. Furthermore, damage, i.e.,, stone loss during wintertime, is almost negligibly small in comparison to untreated parts of the open graded roads. It is expected that frequent preservation, for example every 4 years, might even extend the service life of the road with a factor close to 2. Via open innovation between various parties and stakeholders, viz., the Dutch Road Authorities [Rijkswaterstaat], universities, contractors and emulsion producers, this new technology has been evaluated in great detail. New analysis techniques like the RSAT tests [harsh wheel abrasion test], new microscopy tools and also more classical means of analyses have been performed on over 150 asphalt cores of the abovementioned highways, and the studies have corroborated that this technology will result in the predicted service life increase. The Dutch Road authorities have released the technology for application on Dutch asphalt roads and at present the impact on their current renovation plans, i.e.,, relay of top layers, are scrutinized. In view of the tangible successes and the obvious superior economics, various commercial jobs will already be issued in order to keep the momentum in the commercial implementation of this new preservation technology.
The
53
IThe International Journal of
Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology

Information for Prospective Authors
Manuscripts in the format detailed below should be sent via e-mail to: Professor Hassan Al Nageim (Editor), Liverpool John Moores University, School of the Built Environment, Room 3.11, Peter Jost Centre Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 151 231 2811 Fax: +44 (0) 151 231 2815 E-mail: h.k.alnageim@ljmu.ac.uk Copyright Authors submitting manuscripts for publication warrant that the work is not an infringement of any existing copyright and will indemnity the publisher against any breach of such warranty. Papers and contributions published in the Journal become the legal copyright of the publisher unless otherwise agreed in writing. The publisher will not refuse any reasonable request by the author for permission to reproduce any contributions made. Manuscript form and refereeing procedure All papers should be written in English and word-processed using Microsoft Word. All papers will be independently refereed by at least two members of the Editorial Review Board or other acknowledged expert in the field. The font should be Times New Roman, font size 12, with single spacing used throughout the document, save for the title. Page margins: top and bottom 1 inch; left and right 1.25 inches with full justification. The opening page should contain the title (font: Times New Roman, font size: 15; format: bold, centred and in capital letters). Double space down for authors name, brief affiliation and address, (use upper and lower case). The address should include street, building etc, town, country, post / zip code, telephone, facsimile and e-mail details. Leave 3 blank lines and then type Abstract (centred, in bold, capital letters the style for all main headings). Space down two begin abstract of approximately 250 words that should concisely describe content. Sub-headings are bold, initial cap only, left justified, immediately above the paragraph. Papers should not exceed 8,000 words (approximately 14 pages). Use standard A4 sized paper (the US 8 x 11-inch paper size is also acceptable).
54
Use the SI system for all scientific and laboratory data. Temperature should be in degrees Celsius. If you include a photograph, figures, or extract which has been published, written consent must be obtained from the original publisher and / or person who retain the copyright for reprints. All illustrations and tables should be placed in the text near to the point where they are referred to or at the end of the paper. Tables and drawings should be produced by a computer or drawn on white paper with black waterproof drawing ink. Tables should be labelled at the top left corner. Example: Table 1. Title initial cap only (bold). Figures should be captioned beneath, and centred: Figure 1. Effect of plate. Also initial cap and bold. References within the text should be cited with parenthesis without numbering: (AlNageim, 1992) or (Morley and Couch, 1987). For more than two authors, use the name of the first author followed by et al., (Al-Nageim et al, 2000). Two or more references cited together should be separated by semicolons (Al-Nageim, 1998; Morley 2000). References should be listed in alphabetical order at the end of the document under references (centred and bold). The authors surname should be listed first, followed by a comma and initial(s). All authors of a given reference should be listed followed by: (i) year of publication in parenthesis e.g. (2001); (ii) title of article in quotation marks, journals and books italicised [books should include name(s) of editor(s), publisher, and place of publication. For journals include volume, year / month of issue]. Page numbers should comprise the initial page and the number of the final page e.g. pp 45-48 or p.12. Papers or other contributions and the statements made or opinions expressed therein are published on the understanding that the author is solely responsible for the opinion expressed therein and that its publication does not imply that such statements and / or opinions reflect the views or opinions of the Editors, Editorial Review Board or Publisher
55
Subscription Form The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology is published twice a year. The subscription rates are: 120.00 annual subscription (electronic copys). 150.00 annual subscription( hard copys inclusive of postage). 60.00 single issue (electronic copy ). 80.00 single issue (hard copy inclusive of postage). 30.00 single paper (electronic copy).
Please use the online payment by the

https://buyonline.ljmu.ac.uk/browse/product.asp?catid=125&modid=1&compid=1
Alternatively, please complete and send the subscription form to the address below. Total Cost Name: Company Name: Address:
Telephone: Facsimile: E-mail: By Cheque Only Payable in from a UK Bank account
Please return this form with your payment to the address specified below (cheques should be drawn on a British bank and be made payable to Liverpool John Moores University): Professor Hassan. K. Al-Nageim - Professor of Structural Engineering,
School of the Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University Room 3.11 Peter Jost Centre Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
If you have any subscription enquiries please contact our Professor Al Nageim , email: h.k.alnageim@ljmu.ac.uk or telephone 0151 231 2811
56
Instruction to make the on-line payment for the subscription
1. Go to the university website: www.ljmu.ac.uk 2. Choose Online payments (click on the right at the bottom) 3. Choose LJMU on-line shop (click on the left) 4. Click on the option For All Other Products 5. Choose product catalogue 6. Choose Faculty shop (click on the left) 7. Click on Technology & Environment 8. Select International Journal of Pavement Engineering and Asphalt Technology, PEAT. 9. Choose you desierd products(Annual subscribtion, single issue, single paper in hard or electronic format). 10. Choose the quantity of products 11. Select Add to Basket and the select Proceed to Basket , 12. Choose Proceed to checkout and finish payment following the instructions.
N.B. You will get the information and confirmation of your payment by your e-mail address. Payments are accepted by Credit or Debit card - Visa, MasterCard. No American Express, please.
57
LIVERPOOL CENTRE FOR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY, LCMT Pavement Engineering and Asphalt Technology 12th International Conference on Pavement Engineering and Infrastructure
Exhibitor List
Company Name RSTA ABG Asphalt Reinforcement Services Limited Bituchem Limited
Company Representative Howard Robinson Richard Carr Gerald Byrne Phillip Humphreys Konrad Jung, Robert Albrecht
Dr Jung and Partner AG
Stabilised Pavements Limited
William Armstrong, Josh Brennan Mark Dawkins Rick Ashton
Testconsult Limited Total Bitumen
58
59
60
61
62
63
The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology

ISSN 1464-8164 Call for Papers
The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology has been established as a leading refereed forum. It reports on innovative research; design breakthroughs; construction practices; evaluation techniques; industrial applications; specification & analysis of asphalt binders & mixtures. Authors are invited to submit papers for inclusion in future editions. Theoretical papers should deal with innovation and, wherever possible, the implementation of new materials or techniques. Papers describing work in progress should discuss the long-term practical implications of the research undertaken. Contributions are especially welcome from designers and contractors dealing with new materials or construction / testing techniques (including destructive and non-destructive testing). Papers discussing IT, construction management, environmental maintenance and pavement material performance will also be considered. The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology (ISSN: 14648164) is published twice yearly. All rights including translation reserved. The Editors and members of the Journals Editorial Review Board are from a range of organisations including academic institutions, oil and chemical producers, government institutions, consulting companies and equipment developers with a wide range of expertise, please visit our website: http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/blt/best/lcmt/index.htm. Papers or other contributions and the statements made or opinions expressed therein are published on the understanding that the author of the contribution is solely responsible for the opinion expressed in it and its publication does not imply that such statements and / or opinions are, or reflect the views or opinions of, the Editors, the Editorial Review Board or the Publisher. The views expressed in the Journal do not represent any of the organisations for which the Editors or members of the Editorial Review Board are associated. The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology has been established as a leading refereed forum since 2000. The Journal is collected and catalogued by the British Library, on whose official website (http://www.bl.uk/) and on-line inquiry can be triggered with the publication numbers, ISSN1464-8164 or name , as key words in Basic Search column. The Journal is in process for inclusion in Thomson Reuters journal citation list. In addition, the journal is subscribed by some renowned publishers such as EBSCO, Swets Information services B.V, and Beta Periodicals.
64

LCMT Conf Proc 2013

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

LCMT Conf Proc 2013

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Proceeding of the LJMU 12th Annual International Conference on PAVEMENT ENGINEERING AND INFRASTRUCTURE 27th 28th February 2013,

, Liverpool, UK. Volume 12, ISBN 978-0-9571804-2-0

LIVERPOOL CENTRE FOR MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY

Editor Professor Hassan Al Nageim

Welcome to the 2013 LJMU International Annual Conference

Visit us on the web on http://www.ljmu.ac.uk/blt/best/lcmt/index.htm.

Day One Conference Programme

09:50 10:10 10:30 10:35 Session 2, 11:05

Questions & Discussion Refreshments and Exhibition

Day One: Speakers Short CVs

Owen Jenkins, Cardiff Council, UK

Gary Schofield Total Bitumen, UK

Campbell Waddell Findlay Irvine, UK

Nick Thom, University of Nottingham, UK

Prof. Hassan Al Nageim, LJMU, UK

Mike Southern, Eurobitumen, Belgium

Murray J Reid, TRL, UK

Alessandro Marradi, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Dr. Rajan Choudhary,

David Woodward, University of Ulster, UK

Day One: Papers

DEVELOPMENTS IN SURFACE DRESSING THE ECONOMIC SOLUTION

RESEARCH INTO POTHOLE FORMATION

LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY: BITUMEN

NOVEL ASSESSMENTS ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNBOUND MATERIALS BY MEANS OF DEFLECTOMETRIC TESTS

VERIFICATION OF A FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER USING A GOLDEN SLAB

HIGH FRICTION SURFACING SYSTEMS USING NATURAL AGGREGATE

PAVEMENT RUTTING PREDICTION MODELS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND CE MARKING FOR PRODUCTS

Day Two Conference Programme

Day Two: Speakers Short CVs

EFFECT OF SASOBIT ON MIX DESIGN PARAMETERS

Corresponding Author: Dr Mohammad Reza Ahadi

Ph.D. student, cole de technologie superieure Professor, cole de technologie superieure

UTILIZATION OF STEEL SLAG AGGREGATES IN HOT MIX BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

EVALUATION OF WARM ASPHALT TECHNOLOGIES CONTAINING RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT

UTILISATION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT

Keywords: Asphalt, Mixture, Waste, Polimeric

REVIEW OF POTENTIAL WARM MIX ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY IN IRELAND

LOW TEMPERATURE FRACTURE BEHAVIOUR INVESTIGATION FOR RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENTS

THE USE OF GRANITE BY-PRODUCTS IN ROAD ASPHALT LAYERS

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MODIFIED ASPHALT MIXTURES USING IRON NANO OXIDE

USE OF LOCAL AGGREGATES AS SUSTAINABLE ASPHALT SURFACING MATERIALS

A NEW PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY FOR POROUS ASPHALT

IThe International Journal of

Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology

Please use the online payment by the

Telephone: Facsimile: E-mail: By Cheque Only Payable in from a UK Bank account

Instruction to make the on-line payment for the subscription

Dr Jung and Partner AG

Stabilised Pavements Limited

William Armstrong, Josh Brennan Mark Dawkins Rick Ashton

Testconsult Limited Total Bitumen

The International Journal of Pavement Engineering & Asphalt Technology

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen