Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Design criteria for pre-oxidation with Ozone

Dosing as a function of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentration Contact time: 10 to 15 minutes Contact chamber sizing: Length: width 2:1 Depth: 4 m TOC (mg/l) <5 5-10 O3 (g/m3) 1,5 3

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [1]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Carbonic equilibrium correction Reagent: hydrated lime Ca(OH)2 90% purity Add as a solution with 2% concentration in weight Define the flow of the solution to be added Hydrated lime solution preparation Two deposits Each deposit with a supply capacity of 24 h Cubic shape Pumps: 1+1
Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [2]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Correction of hydrated lime dosage due to sulfate aluminium 1g Al2(SO4)3 eliminates 0,2 g of alcalinity in CaCO3 75% of hydrated lime is added in the rapid mixing chamber 25% is saved for later, after pH measuring

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [3]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Rapid Mixing design criteria (1/2) Coagulant agent: aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 Dosing as a function of turbidity

Turbidity (mg/l SiO2) <5 5-10

Al2(SO4)3
(mg/l) 1,5 3

Add as a solution with 8% concentration in weight Define the flow of the solution to be added Aluminium sulfate solution preparation Two deposits Each deposit with a supply capacity of 24 h Cubic shape Pumps: 1+1
Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [4]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Rapid Mixing design criteria (2/2) Contact chamber for hydrated lime addition Retention time: 5 to 10 min Cubic shape Contact chamber for aluminium sulfate addition Retention time: 1 min Cubic shape Mixing power
G - velocity gradient (s-1)

G=

P V

P Power input (W) dinamic viscosity ( N.s/m2) V volume (m3)

G usually between 600 to 1000 s-1

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [5]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Sedimentation tank design criteria Sludge blanket sedimentation Retention time: 1,5 h Hydraulic surface load: 2 m3/(m2.h) Minimum side slope: 60 Height of the upper part: hup 1 to 1,5 m Pipe that feeds the tank vmax=1 m/s 1st step: determine total volume 2nd step: determine top surface area (square) and upper volume 3rd step: Determine lower volume, slope and height
Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [6]

a1 hup

a2
Set a2 to 1 m

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Filtration beds design criteria (1/2) Hydraulic load: 5-10 m3/(m2.h) for rapid filtration 1-2 m3/(m2.h) for slow filtration Water wash rate - 20 m3/(m2.h) Air wash rate - 60 m3/(m2.h) Wash duration 10 to 20 min (1 wash/day, each filter individualy) Sand height 0,8 m Water depth 1,0 m Length:width 2:1 Maximum head loss 2,5 m Even number of filters
Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [7]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Filtration beds design criteria (2/2) Determine number of filter and filter area
Hydraulic load criteria also applies during filter washing

Determine wash water flow and air wash flow Determine water pump power Determine air compressor power - Pair=Pwater x 3,5

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [8]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Disinfection design criteria Chlorine dosage: 1 g/m3 Determine contact chamber size Retention time: 30 min Cubic shape

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [9]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Sludge tank design criteria Qpw process water flow - 1,5% total flow 0,5% from the sedimentation tank 1,0% from washing the filters Evaporation time - 5 days Tank sizing Shape pyramid Maximum height - 1,5 m Walls slope 45

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [10]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Storage of reagents 15 days reserve Bags with 50 kg LxWxH = 0,8x0,5x0,2 Bags with 25 kg LxHxH =0,5x0,4x0,2 Pile no more than 5 bags Oxygen storage 1kg O3 is produced with 2,5 kg O2 O2 density 1,14 kg/l Tanks available 100, 120, 140, 160, 200, 250 l (1 m diameter)

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [11]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Hydrated lime storage Bags with 25 kg capacity Aluminium sulfate storage Bags with 50 kg capacity Chlorine storage Liquid chlorine Chlorine density 1,573 kg/l Gas bottles available 10, 20, 50 l capacity (300 mm diameter)

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [12]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Head losses calculation

V2 2g

H = K

K= 1 from pipes to tanks/chambers K= 0,5 from tanks/chambers to pipes Bazin weir upstream the filters 10 cm Pipe diameters (except sedimentation tank) 300 mm diameter

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [13]

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Exercise 3: Design the operation and unit processes

Plant layout drawing Outside walls - 30 cm thick Inside walls - 20 cm thick

Chambers and tanks Walls - 20 cm thick Bottom - 30 cm thick Border - 40 cm heigth

Design of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants [14]