Modal Pushover Analysis: Symmetric- and Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings

Anil K. Chopra Rakesh K. Goel

International Workshop on Performance-Based Seismic Design Bled, Slovenia 28 June 1 July 2004
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Improved Nonlinear Static Procedure Goals

z Retain the conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness of current NSP z Obtain much improved estimate of seismic demands

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Response History Analysis Symmetric-plan Buildings

z Equations of motion:

&& + cu & + f s ( u,sign u & ) = m u &&g ( t ) mu

Spatial (height-wise) distribution of forces

z Solve directly these coupled equations

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Modal Expansion of Force Distribution

s = m
s = sn = nm n
Ln n = Mn T m Ln = n T m M n = n n

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Nine-Story SAC Building

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Natural Vibration Periods and Modes

z Nine-story SAC building

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Modal Expansion of Forces, s

z Nine-story SAC building

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Response History Analysis Unsymmetric-plan Buildings

z Equations of motion:

&& + f s ( u,sign u &) Mu

m1 0 && &&gy ( t ) 0 = u t gx ( ) m1 u 0 0

Spatial distribution of forces s

z Solve directly these coupled equations

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Modal Expansion of Force Distribution s

m xn s = s n = n m yn I O n
Ln n = Mn
M n = n Mn xn &&gx ( t ) m1 for u Ln = &&gy ( t ) u m1 for yn

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Modal Expansion of Forces, s

s = sn = n n

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Modal Analysis Concepts

z Modal expansion of forces: s = m
m =

s n = nm n

Contribution of nth-mode to s and peff ( t ):

s n = n m n
z Response to peff,n ( t ) ?

&&g ( t ) peff ,n ( t ) = s n u

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Numerical Confirmation: Elastic System

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Numerical Confirmation: Inelastic System

Other modes start responding after yielding begins

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Modal Analysis Concepts

z Modal expansion of s

m xn s = s n = n m yn I O n

Contribution of nth-mode to s and peff ( t ) :

s xn m xn s n = s yn = n m yn s I n O n
z Response to peff,n ( t ) ?
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&&g ( t ) peff ,n ( t ) = s n u

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Confirmation: Unsymmetric System, U1

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Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA)

z Estimate peak modal response rn of structure to by

&&g ( t ) peff,n ( t ) = s nu

z Pushover analysis for force distribution s* n up to roof displacement urn

urn = nrn Dn

s* n = m n

or

z Combine peak modal responses (SRSS or CQC)

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m xn m yn O n

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Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA)

z For Elastic Buildings
MPA is identical to RSA

z For Inelastic Buildings

MPA is motivated by the weak modal coupling of &&g ( t ) response to -snu

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Plastic Rotations from Total Story Drifts (Gupta & Krawinkler)

z Story plastic drift = total drift yield drift z Relate beam plastic rotations to story plastic drift z Simplifying assumptions necessary to estimate story yield drift

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Nonlinear Beam-Column Element

z Bending moments from total rotations
EI M I = Myp + ( 4 I + 2 J ) L

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MPA vs NL-RHA: Boston Buildings

Story Drifts: z First mode alone is inadequate z Including more modes improves results
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MPA vs NL-RHA: Seattle Buildings

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MPA vs NL-RHA: L.A. Buildings

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MPA vs NL-RHA: Plastic Rotations

z First mode alone is inadequate z Higher modes produce hinges in upper stories

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MPA vs FEMA: Story Drifts

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MPA vs FEMA: Story Drifts

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MPA vs FEMA: Story Drifts

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MPA vs FEMA: Story Drifts

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MPA vs FEMA: Story Drifts

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MPA vs FEMA: Story Drifts

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MPA vs FEMA: Hinge Rotations

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MPA vs FEMA: Hinge Rotations

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MPA vs FEMA: Hinge Rotations

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MPA vs FEMA: Hinge Rotations

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MPA vs NL-RHA: L.A. Building

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MPA vs NL-RHA: L.A. Building

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MPA vs NL-RHA: L.A. Building

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MPA Is Less Accurate for System U2

z Plausible Reasons
Close modal periods, strong coupling of lateral and torsional motions in each mode Roof displacement due to selected ground motion is considerably underestimated in MPA
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MPA: CQC and ABSSUM Rules

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Closure
z Inelastic behavior is now explicitly considered z Current standard methods require major improvement z Several approaches in development worldwide

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Closure
z This presentation has emphasized one possible approach that
Gives considerably improved estimates of seismic demands Retains the conceptual simplicity and computational attractiveness of standard procedures

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