Contents

Tendencies, Sentiments, and Passions

5.1 The Human Person as an Agent with Desires and Passions 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 Body and Soul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115
115 116 118 120

Nature and Freedom

Human Desire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2.1 The Ontological Dimension of Human Desire: The Natural Inclinations 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121 122 123 128 129 130 130 132 132 134 136 138

The Phenomenology of Human Desire: The Tendencies . . . . . Classication of the Tendencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Tendencies and the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.3

Human Aectivity: Sentiments and Passions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3.1 5.3.2 Phenomenology of the Sentiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Passions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.4

The Passions in the Moral Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 The Role of the Passions in the Moral Life . . . . . . . . . . . . The Passions in Christian Anthropology . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Moral Education of Aectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.5

The Inuence of the Passions and the Sentiments on the Will . . . . . .

The Nature, Structure, and Evaluation of the Moral Act

6.1 Concept of the Moral Act 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denition of a Voluntary Act

140
140 141 142 143 145 147 147 148 149 151 152 154 159 163

The Tendency of the Will toward the End: Voluntariness . . . . Characteristics of Voluntariness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Elicited Voluntary Acts and Commanded Voluntary Acts . . . .

The Dierent Types of Objects of the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2.1 6.2.2 The Direct Object of the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Indirect Object of the Will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.3 6.4

The Discursive Structure of Voluntary Action

The Moral Evaluation of Voluntary Action: The Sources of Morality . . 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 The Ecclesial Doctrine Concerning the Sources of Morality . . . The Moral Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The End of the Agent (nis operantis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Circumstances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Deepening of the Ecclesial Doctrine in Response to the Debate Concerning Proportionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

165 167 167 168

6.5

The Morality of the Eects of an Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5.1 6.5.2 The Moral Imputability of the Consequences . . . . . . . . . . . An Action of Double Eect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.6

The Psychological Integrity of Human Action and Its Moral Imputability 169 6.6.1 6.6.2 Notion of Moral Imputability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Circumstances Regarding Knowledge which Modify Moral Imputability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170