ASME Pressure Vessels Basic Calculations

6/8/13
ASME Pressure Vessels Basic Calculations
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6.3.1 Torispherical Heads & Flanged and Dished Heads a) ASME Flanged & Dished Head (F&D heads)
The dish radius of an ASME Flanged and Dished Head is 100% of the vessel diameter. And, the knuckle is 6% of the vessel diameter.
b) Non Standard 80-10 Flanged & Dished Head
On an 80-10 the outside dish radius equals 80% of the head diameter and the outside corner radius
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On an 80-10 the outside dish radius equals 80% of the head diameter and the outside corner radius equals 10% of the head diameter.
Why Use An 80-10?
As the inside diameter of high alloy pressure vessel heads increases in size, savings in material cost can be achieved by designing 80-10 Torispherical Heads rather than Standard ASME Torispherical or Ellipsoidal shapes. The 80-10 is typically only 66% the thickness of the ASME Torispherical. The required thickness of an ASME F&D head with r/L=0.06 and L = Di
or
E = joint efficiency factor L = inside spherical radius P = pressure on the concave side of the head S = allowable stress t = thickness of the head
Shallow heads with internal pressure are subjected to a stress reversal at the knuckle. This stress reversal could cause buckling of the shallow head as the ratio D/t increases.
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6.3.2 - Example: Torispherical Heads (imperial unities)
A drum is to operate at 500F and 350 psig and to hold 5000 gal. Dished torispherical heads inside radius is equals 78 in . The material is SA285 Grade A. Assume S = 11200 psi and E = 0.85.
Solution: ASME Dished heads with L = Di and r/L = 0.06. Use equation 3.10. t= 0.885PL
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t=
0.885PL SE - 0.1P 0.885(350)(78) (11,200)(0.85) (0.1)(1350)
t=
= 2.54
7.0 Conical or Toriconical Heads

7.1 Thickness Calculus: The required thickness of the conical portion (knuckle radius > 6% OD) shall be determined by formula using internal diameter of shell, Di and 30.
t
PD
L = Di/(2 cos ) L = Outside spherical or crown radius
2.(SE 0.6P).cos
Di = Internal diameter of conical portion = D -2 r (1- cos ) r = Inside knuckle radius

7.2 Resume of Pressure Vessels Formulae ASME Section II, Table 1A:
OBS.: D = Shell/Head Inside Diameter, E = Weld Joint Efficiency (0.7 -1.0), L = Crown Radius, P = Internal Pressure, h = Inside Depth of Head, r = Knuckle Radius, R = Shell/Head Inside Radius, S = Allowable Stress, t = Shell/Head Thickness.
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7.3 Resume of Maximum Allowable Stress (for the most common materials). a) Carbon and Low Alloy Steels:
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b) High Alloy Steels:
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