Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Rarely does one hear the exclamation, Tell me a fact! But, Tell me a story!? Thats a different matter. In the studies that follow, we have the privilege of entering the lively world of Jesus, the Master Storyteller, a world where even the soil has personality! Where priceless pearls dont just adorn beautiful women and pushy weeds dont just give farmers grief. Come into Jesus world and prepare to be surprised, amused, and challenged. Prepare to come away more in love with the Savior than you were before. Listen, the story is starting
Contents
An Introduction The Parable of the Talents The Parable of the Net (and more) Why Do You Speak to the People in Parables? The Parable of the Sower The Parable of the Wheat and Weeds The Parable of the Mustard Seed The Parable of the Lost Sheep The Pearl of Great Price or The Parable of the Hidden Treasure The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard The Parable of the Wicked Tenants The Parable of the Wedding Feast The Parable of the Ten Virgins The Parable of the Sheep and Goats 4 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55
Written by Jeff Schuliger and Chris May Illustrations by Adrian Johnston Book design by Elizabeth Lohnes Copyright 2012 Park Street Church One Park Street, Boston, MA 02108 www.parkstreet.org
An Introduction
The parables of Jesus afford us ample material for lively discussion, perplexing questions, and challenging teachings. As a church community hearing and heeding these words amidst city life in Boston in the 21st centurywe need to be both wise and imaginative as we draw conclusions and applications from Jesus powerful and often unpredictable words in the Parables. These studies have been designed not as a commentary on these parables but as a means of discovery and response to these faraway (yet very near) words of Jesus. We want to both hear these words with our ears and heed them in our heartsand so impact the way we live with God in our modern world. This guide is written with small groups in mind, giving you and your group opportunity and various ways to discuss and listen to these words of Jesus:
I think, Jesus opens the series of parable teachings with the Parable of the Sower; even seed sown in the best of soils takes time to grow, mature, bear fruit, and multiply. Emily Dickinsons famous poem is an apt reminder for Jesus handling of the Truths found in these parables: Tell all the Truth but tell it slant Success in Circuit lies Too bright for our infirm Delight The Truths superb surprise As Lightning to the Children eased With explanation kind The Truth must dazzle gradually Or every man be blind We often (and understandably) want a changed life now(!), but the Truth must dazzle gradually and so make a lasting change in our lives. By Divine design, these parables demand a response but if one specific action is to plant a seed, we need not be frustrated if life doesnt change at work or home or neighborhood in one week. The important thing, however, is to actto plant, to reorient, to heed a warning, to change our heart, to prepare a meal, to visit a sick person, to obey in whatever way you may be asked to do in response to Jesus words. May we all have ears to hear, wisdom to speak, and courage to act!
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Therefore, it is important to know that you and your group do not need to get to every question and prompt included in each session. The goal is not to finish the guiderather the goal is to guide the discussion so that there is head learning, heart impact, and a handily applied action for the group or persons. Each session is designed to be done within an hour or so of group discussion. However, discussion leaders really should familiarize themselves with each sessions questions and prompts before the group meets. This will go a long way to facilitate those spontaneous learning moments in a group (which often require extra time), and it will help guide the group back from a rabbit trail or unrelated questioneven if it seems like something good to address! Most sessions include some Facts and Notes added to aid in your discussion. Please feel free to use any other supplemental material (commentaries, study Bible notes, etc.) that you find helpful. Resources used in this guide are included in the footnotes. For those who would like to go deeper or add some personal study to these topics, questions "For Further Study" have been added to some sessions for individual study and learning outside of small group time. Lastly, since there is opportunity as a whole congregation at Park Street (in both the AM and PM worship services) to hear a sermon on the passage and parable for each sessionyou are always welcome to share what you learned or took to heart from that sermon during your small group time. These studies were written as a complement to our corporate worship experienceand we pray God will use the multiple exposures of these sometime enigmatic Scripture stories to bring the truth home to us all.
nor element of the parable was understood to teach something. More recently the parables were said only to have one point, with the surrounding details being simply stage props. Most interpreters have now swung partway back to suggest that the parable may accomplish Jesus intended analogy through points associated with each major character or groups of characters. (474) Therefore, for discussion purposes, it is important to dig in and talk about what the parable teaches us about multiple things: about God himself, about the new things of the Gospel which Jesus preaches, about the kingdom of heaven, about ourselves, and about Gods way in the world. The literary form of the parable lends itself to multiple applicationssome have ears to hear and some dont; some have work to do on the soil of their lives, some need to nurture the growing crop. (Mounce, 128129).
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Learning to Listen
This series from the Parables provides multiple opportunities to listen: listening to sermons on the parables, listening to the parables themselves as read together in small groups, listening to one another discuss and respond to Jesus words, listening to God as he speaks through his word and each other, and listening to ourselves as we contemplate and take to heart what we are learning, seeing, and hearing from the Teacher of teachers! Everyone in a small groupand especially the discussion leaderneeds to be a good listener and facilitator. Really hearing what someone is saying involves both ears and eyesand can help seize holy moments in the group, recognizing that God is at work and the Holy Spirit in charge of the agenda. So, make the effort to develop and hone your active listening skills during this season of study in the Parables (1) Fully attend to the one speaking, (2) Dont jump to judgment or conclusions, (3) Notice expressions of dismay, satisfaction, sadness, relief, confusion, or insight in the group, and (4) Respond to each other respectfully. My enthusiasm about this church-wide effort builds when I consider that we can become better listeners togetherand therefore more mature disciples and more loving brothers and sisters to one another. Whoever has ears, let them hear! Jeff Schuliger, Minister of Small Groups
There will be opportunity to read and reflect on each parablesometimes with multiple readings to facilitate and emphasize the importance of listening to Gods word.
There
will be opportunity to reflect or journal your own thoughts and feelings about the sometimes shockingbut always God-breathedrealities found in these truths to emphasize the importance of listening to your own heart and life.
A major aim of these small group discussion guides is to provide you with enough material to interact as a group in a way which addresses each of your head, heart, and hands with the various questions and discussion prompts. Ultimately, we want you to learn new things (head), take them to heart, and do something (hand) in response to the truths revealed. Head: What am I to know or learn from this Scripture? [Pr 1:57; 2 Tim 3:1416] Heart: How am I to feel or be impacted from this Scripture? [Ps 119:105,111112; Pr 3:17] Hand: What am I to do in response to this Scripture? [James 1:2224; 2 Tim 3:17]
The bottom line is that these parables tell the truthabout God, about each other, about ourselves, and about the way God works in the world and in our lives. But often that truth takes time to sink in or break through to us or even burst open within us. The fruit could be a week, a month, a season or years awaywhich is why,
Matthew 25:1430
OPENING UP
If you received $10 million, what would you do with it?
Using any of the words below, describe how the crowd might react to the parable? Why? Intrigued Despondent Elated Angry Agreeable Afraid Defensive Receptive Confused Enlightened Something else? What do you think a Pharisees reaction would be? a tax collectors? a disciples? What is your reaction? How do you feel about your reaction? 3. Reread vv.1930, focusing on the dialogue between master and servants and noticing the similarities and differences. In what ways might the distinction between the first two servants be significant? What does this say about what ultimately matters to the master? What if the second servant were not in the parablehow might that change the flavor of the story? Why do you think the third servant was afraid? Of what exactly was he afraid? What evidence do you see in the parable that the third servant was wrong in his judgment of the master?
LOOKING CLOSER
1. Who are the main characters in this story and what do you learn about their relationship to one another? How might their relationships have affected their actions in verses 1618?
2. What is stated or implied in the parable about the masters expectations concerning the vast amount of money he has entrusted to his servants? What about the masters own habits with or attitude about money? 3. Consider the phrase Now after a long time in v.19. Why do you think Jesus includes this as part of the telling of the story?
Matthew 13:4752
Introduction
Good newsnew things are happening! The original sense of the word news was new things, the plural of the adjective new. As you know, since the 15th century news has come to mean the report of recent events. In this weeks passage, Jesus asks his followers, Have you understood all these things? and so we must ask ourselves the same thing. His disciples respond by saying, Yes, though the real proof of understanding would be seen in how they lived their lives in response to the new things they were learning, the good news they were hearing. Jesus is announcing something new and something goodReal. Good. News. While the disciples and the crowd got to hear all about itwe get to read all about it and so gain our own understanding and challenge and privilege and responsibility.
2. Is the end of the age something to which you look forwardor something you dread? Do you wish for it to come sooner or come later? Why? 3. In Adele Calhouns Spiritual Disciplines Handbook, she defines teachability as a propensity and openness to learn from God no matter who the teacher or what the experience may be (82). How would you rate your spiritual teachability? Which of the following practices do you need to work on? Openness to new ideas or opinions Curbing the know-it all attitude Asking questions that lead to deeper God awareness Listening moretalking less Refraining from snap judgments based on appearances 4. What new things have you learned about God and yourself in the last month? How did you learn them? What impact, if any, has it had on your life? 5. What have you learned from this study (or from the sermon preached on it)and what are you taking to heart as a result? What are you being challenged to do in response?
Looking Closer
1. Why do you think the following details are included in the parable of the net? all kinds of fish When it was full they sat down in baskets 2. What is Jesus referring to in v.49 when he says, This is how it will be at the end of the age.? 3. Look at several different translations of verse 52. Summarize what is being said in this remarkable verse.
Opening Up
Pick any of the following modern similes to explain your own understanding (however big or small) of some aspect of the kingdom of God. The kingdom of heaven is like: an acorn a wireless network one who begins building the tallest skyscraper a young graduate student who wins millions in a lottery the world wide web a butcher who carves the best meat for all purposes striking oil a doctor who sets up a clinic in a disaster area something else In what way(s) is this descriptive of the kingdom? Where might it intersect with something Jesus has taught? Could you imagine Jesus using this or another simile in modern day to describe the kingdom of heaven?
Yes, definitely were ready to teach it! 6. Where are you on the above spectrum?
7. Why would the owner (or master) of a house bring out new treasures as well as old? Take some time with that first question and then discussWhat point is Jesus making to his disciples with this one verse parable (v.52)?
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Matthew 13:123
Introduction
Looking Closer
5. What do parables do for someone who is sensitive to the Spirit or willing to respond in faith? What about for someone who is hardhearted and hard-headed and unwilling to respond? 6. As we will find out in this series, it seems to be a characteristic of the kingdom of heaven to start small and hidden, and grow slowly and steadily. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this? How would teaching in parables relate to this aspect of the kingdom? 4. When did you first get it and respond in faith to follow Jesus? Who do you know among the crowd of people in your life who has yet to respond? 5. What have you learned from this study (or from the sermon preached on it) and what are you taking to heart as a result? What are you being challenged to do in response?
Sometimes the best learning occurs when students are bold 1. As best as you can tell, what would you say is Jesus attitude enough to ask questionseven the hard ones. Knowing the toward the crowd? right questions to ask can be just as important as receiving an 2. What do you think the crowd was hoping to hear from answerand this is true especially when Jesus? What might their attitudes, motivations, underencountering Jesus and considering the standings, or expectations be? things of God. The Pharisees dont come Facts and Notes: to Jesus with a questionbut with an 3. To their question, what kind of answer do you think accusation and a demand (Mt. 12:24,38) Secrets in v.11 is the Greek the disciples were expecting from Jesus? Do you sense and Jesus roundly renounces them word mysteria (mysteries). In curiosity, confusion, concern or disappointment in the with a dose of reality. The disciples, Jewish apocalyptic literature, disciples question? however, come with a question, Why the mystery of the kingdom do you speak to the people in parables? 4. How would you summarize Jesus answer to the was the counsel of God disJesus responds by explaining the pardisciples question? For instance, pretend youre in a hotel closed only by revelation and able, but first provides an answer worth lobby and someone asks you why Jesus spoke to the enacted at the end of time. discussing. people in parableswhat would you say in one minute The term is used only here in or less? the Gospels (incl. the parallels)
Opening Up
Open your time together with short prayer, inviting the Spirit of God to be with you in your discussion of Gods Word. Then share with one another answers to these questions:
and is found explicitly in Daniel 2:1819: During the night the mystery was revealed to Daniel in a vision (Wilkins, 476; Mounce, 137).
Who was (or is) your favorite teacher, and why? How did his or her style of teaching or personality affect your learning?
2. The context of the disciples question is in the middle of the "telling" and "explanation" of the Parable of the Sower. How does this parable demonstrate what Jesus is saying is the reason for teaching with parables? 3. Which of these quotes about this passage resonates with you? Discuss it and why. God does not force anyone to accept the message of the kingdom, so the crowds response to the parables is dictated by the nature of their heart (Wilkins, 478). Since the knowledge of truth carries with it the responsibility of acceptance and appropriate action, the withholding of truth from those who were hardened against it should be interpreted as a desire not to increase judgment (Mounce, 127). 4. What do you think those who will be given more in abundance are to do with it?
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Matthew 13:123
Introduction
Many commentators consider the Parable of the Sower (13:18) to be the parable of parables (Kistemaker, 40). All three synoptic gospel writers make it the introduction to their first deliberate collection of Jesus parables, and they devote a disproportionate amount of space to it and its interpretation by Jesus. Matthew has put the collection of parables that is headed by the sower at the very center of his gospel. Every writer includes Jesus use of Isaiah 6:910 to explain the why of parables, in the midst of this parable and its explanation. Therefore, we want to be sure we have ears to hear its meaning and application! 4. Though not evident in either the ESV or the NIV, Jesus begins his parable with the little word idou, which has traditionally been translated Behold! A more comprehensible translation for modern ears might be Pay attention! You might think of idou as yellow highlighter to the text. What does this tell you about what follows? How can you prepare your heart to listen carefully? 2. What do you think is the main point of this parable? 3. We see that even the disciples did not understand it at first. Do you think it would have received a favorable reaction from the crowd? Why or why not? 4. What do you think is the purpose of the insertion of the Isaiah quotation?
Opening Up
Pause in wonderment as you begin. God himself in the form of the Holy Spirit, is with you, not virtually, but in reality. What was your experience with soil as a child? Did you love messing with it or did you cry when your hands got dirty? Have you ever planted seeds? What was the result?
Looking Closer
1. We know that parables tell us something about the kingdom of heaven. We also know that it would not have been surprising to Jesus listeners if they heard a parable about coming judgment, a time when some would be destroyed and some harvested (Wright, 156). It is what they would expect. So, why does Jesus use idou, Pay attention! to begin his parable? What is startling about this story? What does Jesus want his hearers to pay particular attention to?
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Matthew 13:2430;3643
Introduction
This parable is unique to Matthew and is one of only three that include an interpretation (the Parable of the Sower and the Net are the others). It is one of only two to be given a title (the Sower is the other), another fact testifying to its importance in the parabolic canon. Jesus explanation ends with the statement, He who has ears, let him hear, a third indication of importance. This challenge to discern the meaning of a cryptic utterance (Snodgrass, 432), echoes such Old Testament verses as Jeremiah 5:21 and Ezekiel 12:2, and also concludes the parable of the Sower. It is found near the beginning of the glorified Christs words to the churches (Rev. 2:7), and is used seven other times in the book (Rev. 2:11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9). The sower of the good seed The field The good seed The weeds The enemy who sows the weeds The harvest The reapers darnel in a wheat field as an act of revenge (France, 525), which shows us Jesus was using a real agricultural problem to teach about a spiritual one. 5. In Matthew 13:24, Jesus tells us that the kingdom of heaven is not just analogous to the sower, but to the sower and his actions. Consider all the sowers actions. What do they tell you about him? What do they tell you about the kingdom? 6. How does this parable help us better understand the problem of evil, what theologians call theodicy? 7. The Parable of the Sower, which precedes this one, focuses on the human responsibility in regard to evil, but the Weeds and the Wheat focuses on the devils part. How do the two parables taken together enhance our understanding?
Opening Up
What has been your experience of farming or gardening? In your life, what have you found to be spoilers in the way a weed is to a gardener?
Looking Closer
1. Weeds will always occur in a cultivated area. What evidence does the parable give us that this infestation is not normal? 2. The word gather occurs four times in three verses (2830), and is used twice in the explanation. The only other uses of the word are in Matthew 7:16 and Luke 6:44. We can conclude gather is to be noticed. Why? What pictures does the word bring to mind? 3. What is the point of the parable? To what question does the parable provide an answer (Snodgrass, 191, 205, 206)? 4. What do you learn about the enemy from this parable? Note that Roman law dealt specifically with the crime of sowing
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Matthew 13:3135
Introduction
Looking back on my decision to follow Christ, I certainly did not know the tectonic shift that was occurring within and around me when I prayed that "simple prayer." Little did I know also that seeds had been planted in me as a child, many people had been praying for me, and God was tending to me all hidden but significant work amidst my life. This study is about the small and hidden, yet powerful and effective, work of God in and around our lives in this world. "The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard seed and like yeast"
Looking Closer
1. Notice who plants the mustard seed and where; notice who benefits and how. What detail or details stand out to you? Why? 2. How much flour is being mixed and worked into the dough in v.33? Does anyone know how many loaves that would make? (www.thefreshloaf.com/lessons/yourfirstloaf ) For what possible reason was such a large amount neededand what point might Jesus be making? 3. How has the accompanying artwork for this session incorporated references from both parables in the drawing? What in these parables suggests prayer and prayingand for what might this woman in the drawing be praying? are needed for the growth of the kingdom? What precise conditions are needed for the maturing of a disciple? 5. Look at the explanation of wheat and weeds (13:3739, discussed last session). Notice who the sower is; what the field represents; and what the good seed stands for. In what way(s) do these parables (mustard seed and yeast) recall and expand upon the parable of the weeds? 6. How do you think the crowd would have responded to such good news of the kingdom? What comparison might the crowds have preferred to hear? How does this relate to the reason Jesus spoke to the crowd in parables (vv. 3435)?
Opening Up
Take some time to observe the illustrations for this session and the previous ones. What strikes you from any or all of these? In what way(s) have these added to your experience of studying or comprehending these parables?
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Matthew 18:1014
Introduction
Many commentators agree that Jesus told the parable of the lost sheep to at least 2 different audiencesin Matthew, to the disciples (18:1) and in Luke to a crowd composed of tax collectors, sinners, and disgruntled scribes and Pharisees (15:12), (though surely the disciples were there, too). Therefore, since he is the Master Teacher, Jesus emphasis is nuanced to fit his hearers. We will focus on the Matthean version. 3. Note the exaggerated language Jesus uses in vv.59, which precede our parable. What mood do you think this sort of language would create in his audience?
Looking Closer
1. Now lets focus on the parable itself. Read verses 1014 and share some impressions.
Opening Up
Pray together, resting thankfully on the truth Jesus speaks in Matthew 18:20, very close to our parable: For where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I among them. Ask the Holy Spirit to make you attentive to him and one another as you study and share. Has anyone ever seen a sheep, flock or shepherd? Share with each other what you know about sheep and shepherds and where you got your information.
2. In what way do you think v.10 serves as segue from vv. 59 to our parable?
2. Using your sanctified imagination, picture a lone sheep straying away from the flock and off the path set for it by the shepherd. What might be the dangers the sheep would encounter? 3. In his parables, Jesus often groups things in threes. We have seen that the word astray is used three times. There are two other threesomes. What are they and how do you think they contribute to the point? 4. It seems clear that in this parable Jesus is making the sheep owner analogous to God. What do you think he wants his listeners to learn about his Father?
3. Remember that a parable usually has one point (even if it has several lessons). What do you think the point of this one is? Does Jesus make the explanation of the point clear or does he obscure it? Why? 4. Share how you react when a question is addressed to you, especially by a person whom you consider to have some authority over you. 5. Why do you think Jesus begins this little parable with a question? 6. The Greek construction of the question tells us that Jesus expects his audience to be in agreement with his point of view. Why do you think he would phrase his question this way?
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Matthew 13:4446
Opening Up
As always, acknowledge that Jesus is with you because you are gathering in his name. Ask the Holy Spirit to enlarge your hearts so that desire for the treasure of the kingdom might grow. Sing together these two verses from Be Thou My Vision: Be Thou my Vision, O Lord of my heart; Naught be all else to me, save that Thou art. Thou my best Thought, by day or by night, Waking or sleeping, Thy presence my light. Riches I heed not, nor mans empty praise, Thou mine Inheritance, now and always: Thou and Thou only, first in my heart, High King of Heaven, my Treasure Thou art. What impressions come to mind when you hear the word treasure? Think about it as a verb and a noun. Have you ever found a treasure? Name one thing you treasure besides the gospel? 4. How would you describe the mood of these two parables? Take a brief look at the two parables that bookend them. How would you describe their mood? What thoughts do you have about Matthews placement? 5. Should it bother you that the man who finds the treasure doesnt tell the owner of the field about it? Do you think this fact is relevant to the point of the parable and if not, need not concern us? 3. Compare the story of the rich, young man (Mt 19:1630) to the response of these men who sell everything. Which is the more typical response to the Gospel? What did the men grasp that the rich, young man did not? How has your desire for the Gospel intensified over the years? 4. Take a few moments to list what you treasure. Your valuables could be anything from the concrete, like people and possessions, to the invisible, like reputation, status, safety, popularity, and fitness. You dont have to share your list, but do reflect upon whether there is anything on it that might be impeding your whole-hearted abandonment to Christ and his kingdom. Do you sense an invitation from the Lord to do something about this? You might want to share your thoughts with a friend or your small group in order to come up with a plan to help you implement your desire.
I think theyre crazy. They should have left well enough alone
2. What are your thoughts on these two quotations? One who was unwilling to sacrifice everything else for the kingdom, who did not believe its reality sufficiently to stake all ones future on it, was unworthy of it (Keener, 392). In buying the field and the pearl, the two men did not make a sacrifice, even though they sold everything they owned. There is a basic difference between a purchase price and a sacrifice. Purchase is directed toward acquiring an object of equivalent value. Sacrifice on the other hand is a giving that expects no reward. Both the man who found the treasure and the pearl merchantheard opportunity knock and were ready to pay the price. They gave all they had in order to gain the one thing they desired (Kistemaker, 60).
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Matthew 20:116
Introduction
Funny how generosity can elicit the opposite of responses in our heartsenvy or gratitude. It could very well be that how our hearts respond to the eye-opening generosity of God determines our place in line for the kingdom of heavencloser to first or closer to last. Its not bad to want to be first in line but how to get there might be surprising.
Opening Up
As a group, read/recite Psalm 136 together. Pick one person to read the beginning of each verse while the rest of the group repeats the refrain, His love endures forever. To make the refrain less monotonous, try emphasizing a different word each time you say it either together or individually( his love endures forever; his love endures forever; his love endures forever; his love endures forever). After reciting the Psalm, continue in a group prayer, giving thanks to God (out loud) for several things in and around your lives and close with a prayer for your time together.
How do you hear the landowners question? What do you think of the workers answer? What kind of characters might these last workers be? First workers (v.12): These who were hired last worked only an hour and you have made them equal to us who have borne the burden of the work Landowner (v.13): I am not being unfair to you, friend. Didnt you agree to work for a denarius? What seems to be the first workers greatest concern? Does their voiced concern sound like an inquiry or an accusation? Knowing that the address used by the landowner, friend, may be a mild reproach (cf. 22:12; 26:50)how do you hear his response to this worker?
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Matthew 21:3346
Opening Up
Pause a few minutes with the illustration to this session. From what is portrayed, what would expect of today's discussion? What detail stands out to you? How does the unique perspective of the drawing add to the interpretation of the parable portrayed? If you have time, look at some of the other illustrations in the booklet and compare and contrast the characters, perspective, details and other aspects of the drawingand discuss how it adds to or drives home the major point in the parable it represents.
Looking Closer
1. With clues from Isaiah 5:17 and knowing the original audience, describe essentially what Jesus is recounting with this vineyard story in vv.3339? [i.e., "This is the story of God"] 2. What does the detailed description of the vineyard tell you about the landowner and the land? 3. From what you can tell from this parable, what motivated the tenants to act so cruelly? 4. Why does Jesus respond to the chief priests with this specific quotation in v.42 from Psalm 118? What does it (and vv.4344) add to the "ending" of the vineyard parable? 5. What do you imagine Jesus' tone of voice (or attitude) is while telling this parable to this audience in particular? angry | frustrated | matter-of-fact | compassionate understanding | condescending | instructive | other? 5. Read the preceding parable, that of the two sons (vv.2832). How does our parable build upon the point of that one? How does that parable provide a way out or a proper response for the original audience? In what way does the ending of our passage (vv.42 44) also provide a proper ending for the parable of the two sons? 3. This is a "truth-telling" parableand truth-telling is a tricky thing. Sometimes it leads to repentance, life and growth; sometimes it leads to broken relationships (and in Jesus' case, arrest and death). How has truth-telling been a part of your life and maturity? Do you receive it well? How have you spoken the truth in loveand with what result?
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Matthew 22:114
Opening Up
Share a fond memory you have of a wedding and all the related festivities. Have you ever witnessed a wedding disaster, great or small? Who do you like to have around you to share a bounteous, special-occasion meal? 3. Read the parable again out loud. What questions arise in your mind as you listen this time? this spurned host is much less harsh. How do you think the Holy Week setting would have influenced how Jesus told the parable recorded in Matthew? 3.The king mentions twice in the parable that the banquet is ready (22:4,8). What do you think is the significance of this? 4. What do you think is the point of this parable? 5. Commentators disagree about whether it was common for the host to distribute wedding garments on such occasions or whether the second set of invitees would have had time to go home and change clothes. There is also disagreement about whether the clothes required had to be special or just clean. Whatever viewpoint may be correct, the fact remains that all but one of the second group of guests are properly attired. How does this affect your view of the kings harsh punishment of the ill-dressed man? his love refused to let them stay as they wereActually nobody really believes that God wants everyone to stay exactly as they are. God loves serial killers and child-molesters; God loves ruthless and arrogant businessmen; God loves manipulative mothers who damage their childrens emotions for life. But the point of Gods love is that he wants them to change. He hates what theyre doing and the effect it has on everyone elseand on themselves, too. Ultimately, if hes a good God, he cannot allow that sort of behavior, and that sort of person, if they dont change, to remain for ever [sic] in the party hes throwing his son (Wright, vol. 2, 84). 2. It cannot be denied that judgment is central to this parable, and judgment is a concept that can make even Christians squirm. What is your emotional response to the fact that the Bible is clear that there will be a day of reckoning? 3. Have someone read aloud Ezekiel 18:23; 33:1011 and 2 Peter 3:911. What insight do these verses give you into the heart of God with regard to judgment? 4. What needs to change in your heart, mind, or life in order to make you a grateful member of the wedding banquet?
4. To refuse a kings gracious invitation to the marriage of his son would be considered an egregious violation of honored social practices, a deliberate insult to the kings dignity (Keener, 519, 520). What is your reaction to the kings actions? Do you think they were justified? 5. The king uses the word, hetairos, friend when he speaks to the man with inappropriate clothes. Matthew is the only biblical writer to use this word and he does so three timesalways as a reproachful address (to an ungrateful vineyard worker, 20:13 and to Judas, 26:50). How does the use of this word inform your thinking about the attitude of the ill-dressed man? of the punishment meted out?
3. Though obscure at first to modern readers, Jesus audience would have had no doubt that a story about a king giving a wedding banquet for his son would have the end-of-the-age messianic banquet as its theme. How does this inform your understanding of the parable?
Looking Closer
1. Let your minds roam over all the instances you can think of where the Bible mentions meals. Try to come up with at least ten. 2. Considering our parable and the other meals you came up with, respond to this quotation: They [meals] were the primary context in which shame and honor were assignedpeople were more preoccupied with shame and honor than is apparent in modern western societies (Snodgrass, 308).
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Matthew 25:113
Introduction
As a kid, I thoroughly enjoyed Christmas Evewaiting up as long as I could with my brothers in anticipation of a morning which would reveal a decked-out Christmas tree and a living room made alive with gifts and toys so big they couldnt be wrapped! Today, I still enjoy the anticipation of Christmas Evethe hopeful feeling for toys has largely been replaced for the gifts of joy and peace which seem to be so near on Christmas Day. Yes, the final Advent of our Lord is coming! For now, we wait and hope.
Opening Up
Share what Christmas Eve and Christmas Day was like for you growing up? Any peculiar traditions? Funny or memorable stories? Any feasts or special foods you eat? Then open with prayer for each other during this season of increased anticipation and expectation which can also bring increased stress and sadness.
Looking Closer
1. What is your initial reaction to this parable? Are you more nodding your head in an agreeable "Amen!", scratching your head in puzzlement, or shaking your head in disbelief? 2. How is the opening line of this parable different than the others we have studied and discussed previously? How might this change your understanding and application of this parable? 3. While the overall point of this parable is summed up in v.13, "Keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour," what other points or lessons are taught by this parable? 4. What about this parable is encouraging? What about it is disturbing?
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Matthew 25:3146
Introduction
Theres nothing quite like Judgment Day to get our attentionnothing like eternal reward versus eternal punishment to get us wondering which side we are on. As we finish up our discussions of the parables of Jesus, we end with the End; we hear a parable which is perhaps the most shockingas if Jesus thought he might just shout this last one so those hardest of hearing might be given one last chance to hear.
Opening Up
Share about a time when you felt judged; what was that experience like for you? To help jog your memory Picking teams in elementary school? A music audition? Your first job interview? Trying on clothes at the department store? Walking down Newbury street? An annual performance review? Choosing not to go along with the crowd?
Looking Closer
1. Look at the various relationships and associations found throughout the parable (listed below)what are the significances of each of these associations? Son of Man and the angels Son of Man and the nations Sheep and Goats King and my Father My Father and those on his right King and the least of these brothers of mine Those on his right and least of these Those on his left and least of these 2. In what ways is the Son of Man described? What does this tell you about the Son of Man? 3. How are those who are blessed described? How about those who are cursed? According to this parable, how would you know if you are blessed or not? 4. How are the least of these described in the parable? According to the relationships and associations found in this parable, to whom might Jesus description least of these brothers of mine be referring?
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Sources
Bailey, Kenneth E., Poet & Peasant and Through Peasant Eyes, combined edition, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans, 1983. Blomberg, Craig L., Interpreting the Parables, Downers Grove, IVP Academic, 1990. Calhoun, Adele Ahlberg. Spiritual Disciplines Handbook: Practices That Transform Us. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2005. Capon, Robert Farrar, The Parables of the Kingdom; The Parables of Grace; The Parables of Judgment, Grand Rapids, William B. Eerdmans, 1985, 1988, 1989. France, R.T., The Gospel of Matthew, Grand Rapids/Cambridge, U.K., William B. Eerdmans, 2007. Keener, Craig S., The Gospel of Matthew, Grand Rapids/ Cambridge U.K., William B. Eerdmans, 2009. Kistemaker, Simon J., The Parables, Grand Rapids, Baker Books, 1980. Mounce, Robert H. Matthew. New International Biblical Commentary. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1991. Snodgrass, Klyne R., Stories with Intent, William B. Eerdmans, Grand Rapids/Cambridge U.K., 2008. Wenham, David. The Parables of Jesus. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1989. Wilkins, Michael. Matthew. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004. Wright, Tom, Matthew for Everyone, Part One and Two, London, SPCK, Westminster John Knox Press, 2004. The following chapters were written using the New International Version of the Bible: The Parable of the Net, Why Do You Speak to the People in Parables?, The Parable of the Mustard Seed, The Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard, The Parable of the Wicked Tenants, The Parable of the Ten Virgins, The Parable of the Sheep and Goats. The following chapters were written using the English Standard Version of the Bible: The Parable of the Talents, The Parable of the Sower, The Parable of the Wheat and Weeds, The Parable of the Lost Sheep, The Pearl of Great Price or The Parable of the Hidden Treasure, The Parable of the Wedding Feast.
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