War of the Philippine Independence from the United States August 1898- Filipino-American relation deteriorated as the American

n took over Manila The signing of the Treaty of Paris without consulting the Filipinos heightened the tension In Hongkong, Americans offered assistance to Aguinaldo in fighting the common adversary, the Spaniards

December 21, 1898- US President William MCKinley issued his so-called Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation It expressly indicated American policy regarding the Philippines.

January 20, 1899- Pres.McKinley appointed the First Philippine Commission (Schurman Commission) to make recommendation in the administration of the country

Hostilities began on the night of February 4, 1899 at about 8pm.

Private Robert Willie Grayson, an American soldier with two other members of the US sentry shot and killed a man who happens to be a Filipino soldier.

Gen. MacArthur issued his order to advance against the Filipino troops without investigating the shooting incident.

Aguinaldo sent an emissary to inform Governor-General Elwell Otis that the firing on their side had been against their order. He also issued a declaration informing the people that they were now at war. This turn out to be the seven-year Filipino-American war.

August 20, 1899- John Bates and Sultan Jamalul Kiram II of Sulu with three datus signed the Bates Treaty

Bates Treaty Provides the rights and dignities of the sultan shall be respected.

The Muslim province remained under American military rule until 1914.

Panglima Hasan led a rebellion against the American authorities. His fight for freedom ended March 4, 1904.

February 5, 1899- the American fleet started bombarding the Filipino fort north of San Juan Del Monte

Major Jose Torres Bugallon, one of General Anotonio Lunas gallant officers fell mortally wounded. After capturing La Loma, Gen. MacArthur headed Caloocan.

In Caloocan, a fierce battle followed, with the American once again victorious. Undismayed by his defeat, Luna prepared a plan for the recapture of Manila by burning American occupied houses in Tondo and Binondo, took place on February 22, 1899. Reinforcement arrived from the United States. The American troops under Gen. MacArthur began their offensive north of the city.

March 30, 1899- American Army was already in Malolos That time, Aguinaldo government had evacuated Malolos and established his headquarters in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.

March 31, 1899- when Gen. MacArthur captured Malolos

April 23, 1899- the American cavalry under Major Bell suffered heavy losses under Ge. Gregorio del Pilar in Plaridel

April 25, 1899- the battle of Bagbag River was fought

Gen. Luna irked by the insubordination of Gen. Tomas Mascardo, left with his men to punish Mascardo, who was then in Pampanga. Apolinario Mabini through his manifesto, written in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija dated April 15, 1899, urged his countrymen to continue struggle for independence. Unlike him, the members of the Filipino assembly wanted autonomy rather than independence.

 May 7, 1899- Aguinaldo wrote Mabini informing of a new cabinet under Paterno

General Luna met his tragic ends in the hands of his fellow patriots. He received a message from Aguinaldo asking him to go to Cabanatuan. He left his command in Bayambang, Pangasinan.

In the afternoon of the same day, after attending a meering with his fellow patriots, he was stabbed to death by Aguinaldos guards. He received about 42 wounds. His aide de camp Colonel Francisco Roman was also killed. The next day, he was buried with full military honors on Aguinaldos orders.

Severino de las Alas, the secretary of Interiro in his circular informed the provincial chiefs about Lunas death.

The Americans mounted full-scale offensive on October 12, 1899. From Cabanatuan, Aguinaldo moved is government to Tarlac, then to Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya and then to Bayambang, Pangasinan. The Americans follwed him and tried to trap him, but they failed.

Aguinaldo and a handful of faithful followers walked to Tierra Virgen, Cagayan.

September 6, 1900- when Aguinaldo and his men reached Palanan, Isabela and established his headquarters

The Battle of Pasong Tirad

When Aguinaldo reached the Mountain Province, he ordered his trusted general, Gregorio del Pilar, to remain behind. The purpose was to intercept the Americans who were following Aguinaldos route. The American troupes under Major March pursued Aguinaldo. December 2, 1899, March and his well-armed men proceeded against del Pilar. The Americans

slowly and quietly went up the trail and surprised del Pilar and his men. A fierce battle ensued and del Pialr was killed by a bullet that passed through his neck.

The Capture of Aguinaldo Americans used cruel methods to make the Filipinos cooperate with them. They used water cure on many Filipinos. Placing a rope around the neck and then twisting the rope so as to choke the Filipino. To beat Filipino until he become blue in the face.

Many surrendered because of these brutalities. With the help of a Spaniard who joined the Filipino forces against the Americans, Colonel Frederick Funston planned the capture of Aguinaldo. Lazaro Segovia- he led the Macabebes and pretend to have captured some American soldiers. He arrived in the house where Aguinaldo was staying, but Funston and his men told Aguinaldo to surrender.

April 1, 1901- Aguinaldo was brought to Manila where he took the oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States