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Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs: I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
Cambridge University
Slide 2 -
Pipe Design
1910 - 1917
Anson Marston developed load theory. Defined the 4 traditional beddings A, B, C & D.
Spangler and Marston developed rational method for concrete pipe design which is still currently used today. The 3EB 0.01-inch crack was established as a standard test.
1951
1970
ACPA publishes Concrete Pipe Design Manual. Embarks on long-range research program.
1970 - 85
Heger & McGrath developed finite element analysis - SPIDA. Soil Pipe Interaction Design and Analysis Identified conservatism in earlier research. Developed 4 distinct Standard Installations.
1985 - 90
Trial installations in Ohio with instrumentation confirms SPIDA. Modern SIDD program is developed.
1993
1996
SAMM - circa 30 *
Zero
Active lateral pressure is present Heger pressure dist. assumes voids in the haunches
Marston
Type
choices available to design pipe bedding factors represent technology available at that time
can be designed to known field conditions factors represent todays technology and construction practices
Conservative
Bedding
Highway Railroad
Aircraft
Construction Equipment Material stockpiles & silos
HS-20
Loading
Cooper E80
Loading
Aircraft
Loading
Construction
Loading
Mtl. Stockpile
Loading
Rigid Pipe
Traffic Load
Earth Load
Final Backfill
Haunching
R1
Initial Backfill
Bedding
Foundation
Slide 23 -
R2
L
B.F. = M1/M2
M1
M2
R
3 - Edge Bearing
Slide 24 -
R
In Situ
Three-Edge-Bearing
Applied Load
Test Specimen
Support
Slide 26 -
= 120,000 lbs.
Slide 27 -
Tension
Tension
Tension
Tension
Slide 28 -
Double Circular
Single Circular
Slide 29 -
Single Elliptical
BOX CULVERTS
Span
Rise
Fill
Invert Elevation
Bedding Material
Span x Rise
(8x4 box = 8 span x 4 rise)
Reinforcing
Reinforcing
AS1
AS2
AS4
`````` AS3
Reinforcing
AS6(LONG) AS5(LONG) AS7
AS2
AS1
AS4
AS1 - M Distance
Reinforcin g
PRECAST MANHOLES
Cone
Riser
Base
96 x 96 Tee w/ 48 riser
Designed and Constructed per ASTM C-478 Flexible Connectors (Sanitary) Preformed Inverts (Sanitary) Interior Coatings or Linings available (Sanitary)
Governing Specifications
ASTM C-478
ASTM C-443 ASTM C-990 ASTM C-923 ASTM C-1478 ASTM C-497 ASTM C-1244
Manhole Sections
Joints and Rubber Gaskets Joints and Mastic Joint Sealers Resilient Connectors (sanitary) Resilient Connectors (storm) Test Methods for Pipe & MHs MH Vacuum Test
ASTM C-76
ASTM C-478
Depth
Depth
Questions