dE gar ae Cau Uia Millen) Premieri2 .Published in 2006 by Chapman & Hall/CRC Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Si Boca Raton, Fl. 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Chapman & Hall/CRC is an imprint of faylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S, Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper wWFs7T654R21 International Standard Book Number-10; 1-58488-547-5 (Softeuver) International Standard Book Number-| 3: 978-1-58488-547-4 (Softcover) Library of Congress Card Number 2005051858 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use, No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced. transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, sow known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyrightcom (http:iwww.copytight.cony) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users, For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Licbeck, M. W. (Martin W,}, 1954- A concise introduction to pure mathematics / Martin W. Liebeck.— 2nd ed. p.cm, -- (Chapman & Hall(CRC mathematics} Includes bibliographical references and indexes, ISBN 1-58488-547-5 1. Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. 1. Title. I. Series. QA9.LATS 2005 510--e22 200505 1858 ° Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at | n O rm a hitp://www.taylorandfrancis.com . Taylor & Francis Group and the CRC Press Web site at is the Academic Division of Informa ple. http://www.crepress.camContents Foreword ix Preface xi L_Sets and Proofs 1 2 Number Systems 13 3_Derimals 21 4 Inequalities 27 §_1'' Roots and RationalPowers 6 Complex Numbers 35 7_ Polynomial Equations 47 #$ Induction 57 9 _Enler’s Formula and Platonic Solids || 10 Introduction to Analysis 81 11_ The Integers 91 12 Prime Factorization 99 13._More on Prime Numbers 20222 14 Congruence of Integers 111 15_ More on Congruence 121 vir