UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS JURDICAS, EMPRESARIALES Y PEDAGOGICAS

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE CONTABILIDAD

INGLES BASICO II

DOCENTE: ROSA MARCELA CARCASI DE FLOR

MOQUEGUA PER 2010

INTRODUCTION

The second Basic English Module contains two units with six lessons everyone. Each unit covers around 25 hours. Items or topics following the learning of vocabulary introduced before. So it is a review of the words studied before and it will let the students to add their acknowledgments. With new vocabulary on other specific grammar points. This module teachs students to use English for everyday situations and purposes related to work and social life. Throughout this module, students have the opportunity to personalize the language they learn and make use of their own life experience and world knowledgments each lesson. It presents grammar communicative, with controlled accuracy -based activities leading to a fluently languagecommunicative practice. based

The autor

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

R.M.C.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

GRAMMAR
RAY NEEDS TO BUY A NEW CAR. Present Past Present Past Do Did Does Did they Need Sue They Yes, Sue They No, sue need needed needs needed don't didn't doesn't didn't to lock door?

to lock the door.

need

to lock the door.

Ask and answer questions. EXAMPLE: forget to lock S1: Did you forget to lock the door? S2: Yes, I forgot to lock the door. (or) S2: No, I didn't forget to lock the door. 1. need to learn 2. begin to play 3. start to sing 4. want to drive 5. remember to buy 6. forget to sign

1.

Spelling:

verb + -ed = simple past play + ed = played walk + ed = walked close + d = closed study + ed = studied

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

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Pronunciation: GROUP I /d/ answered circled cleaned closed learned listened lived memorized opened played reviewed shaved spelled GROUP II /t/ asked checked cooked liked looked looked up marked talked walked watched worked GROUP III / Id / connected ended repeated selected started visited wanted

WE STUDIED ENGLISH YESTERDAY.

Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have GROUP I -ed pronunciation. Example: Mary studies French every day. (last month) Mary studied French last month. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8. Dan learns new words every day. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________ Pat listens to the radio in the morning. (yesterday morning) ____________________________________________________________ Sam opens the window at night. (last night) ____________________________________________________________ Dick shaves every morning. (yesterday morning) ____________________________________________________________ Lina memorizes new words every day. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________ The teacher reviews the old words every day. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

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JOHN FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK LAST NIGHT.

Change the sentences to the simple past tense. They have GROUP II -ed pronunciation. Example: 1. John always finishes his homework. (last night) John finished his homework last night. Dan always asks questions. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sometimes, father cooks dinner. (last month) ____________________________________________________________ The girls walk to school every day. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________ Ken looks up the new words after class. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________ Ben always likes baseball games. (last night) ____________________________________________________________ We always watch that show. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________

I REPEATED THE WORDS YESTERDAY.

Change the sentences to simple past tense. They have group III -ed pronunciation. I repeat the words every day. (yesterday) I repeated the words yesterday. The movie starts at 8:00 every night. (last night) ____________________________________________________________ John selects the correct answer in the morning. (yesterday) ____________________________________________________________ We want to go to the movies today. (day before yesterday) ____________________________________________________________ Miss Brown corrects our papers at night. (last night) ____________________________________________________________ I visit my brother on the weekends. (last weekend) ____________________________________________________________ The test ends at 10:00 a.m. (10:00 a.m. yesterday) Example:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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GRAMMAR
NEGATIVE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
He did not play tennis. Jack played baseball yesterday. He didn't play soccer.

YOU DIDN'T ANSWER MY QUESTION.

Repeat these sentences with negative simple past tense. 1. Tom didn't clean his room last Saturday. 2. Linda did not cook dinner last night. 3. George didn't play basketball yesterday. 4. They did not like Chicago. 5. He didn't shave this morning. PRACTICE: Make a negative statement in the simple past tense. Look at the example. Example: My brother visited Dallas. (Houston) He didnt visit Houston 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Joan played tennis yesterday. (soccer) ____________________________________________________________ Mary cooked chicken for dinner yesterday. (beef) ____________________________________________________________ Bob lived in Chicago two years ago. (New York) ____________________________________________________________ My English class started at 7:15 this morning. (7:30) ____________________________________________________________ Frank cleaned his car last week. (this week) ____________________________________________________________ Rita marked the wrong answer. (right answer) ____________________________________________________________ Mark visited New York City last month. (Los Angeles) ____________________________________________________________

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SPEAKING SKILL
/a/ COP Repeat and then read the words. 1. cop cup 3. hob hub 5. 7. Don pop dun pup 2. 4. 6. 8. // CUP lock tock bog shot luck tuck bug shut

GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST TENSE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
The show Did the show started start at 8:00 o'clock. at 8:00 o'clock?

Yes, it did. Yes, the show started at 8:00. No, it didn't. No, the show didn't start at 8:00.

YES, HE DID. NO, HE DIDN'T.

Ask and answer questions. Use the simple past tense. Look at the example. Examples: Ted / work / late / last week Did Ted work late last week? No, he didn't. Bill / like / your new car Did Bill like your new car? Yes, he did. 1. 2. 3. 4. Linda / play / baseball / yesterday ____________________________________________________________ you / visit your brother / last year ____________________________________________________________ Dave / study / French ____________________________________________________________ Tony's family / visit / Los Angeles ____________________________________________________________

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Ms. Carcasi

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LET'S TALK!
Make pairs. Ask and answer questions in turn using the simple past tense with regular verbs as in the example. Example: S1: Did you wash your clothes last week? S2: Yes, I did. Did you play soccer yesterday? S1: No, I didn't. Did you ...

VERBS
Begin / began bring / brought buy / bought choose/ chose come /came do / did drink / drank drive / drove eat / ate fly / flew get up / got up go / went have / had hear / heard know / knew leave / left put / put read / read say / said see / saw sit / sat sleep / slept speak / spoke stand / stood swim / swam take / took write / wrote

Who brought this book? What time did you go?

When did you bring the book? How many books did you buy?

VOCABULARY
begin bring report salute smoke false gold naval silver true with break butt can accounting student cigarette I.D. card identification name tag pack rank razor Uniform

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GRAMMAR
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS
SIMPLE PRESENT: SIMPLE PAST: SIMPLE PRESENT: SIMPLE PAST: We drive to work every day. We drove to work yesterday. He drives to work every day. He drove to work yesterday.

IRREGULAR VERBS
Repeat these irregular verbs. PRESENT PAST begin began drink drank sit sat swim swam come came get up got up know knew write wrote PRESENT drive speak choose eat take stand see give PAST drove spoke chose ate took stood saw gave

PETER SWAM YESTERDAY

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Peter swam after class yesterday. He drove to his barracks and took a shower. He began his homework at 2000 hours last night. He got up and drank a glass of water at 2100. He sat down and wrote sentences. He knew all the answers to the questions. He stood up and talked outside. Peter came to my barracks at 2200. He saw the fruit on the table. He chose a banana and ate it. We spoke for thirty minutes. He went home at 2235.

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

R.M.C.

HE DROVE TO CLASS YESTERDAY.

Change these sentences to the past tense. Look at the example. Example: He drives to class every day. (yesterday) He drove to class yesterday. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. We swim every day. (yesterday)

__________________________________________________________ I get up at six every morning. (yesterday morning) __________________________________________________________ We drink tea in the morning. (last night) __________________________________________________________ He takes a shower at night. (yesterday morning) __________________________________________________________ They eat lunch in the mess hall every day. (yesterday) __________________________________________________________ She drives to the store on Saturdays. (last Saturday) __________________________________________________________ He chooses Killing cigarettes to smoke every day. (yesterday) __________________________________________________________ I write a letter to my family every day. (two days ago) __________________________________________________________

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

R.M.C.

JOE ATE A PEAR.

Change these negative sentences to affirmative. Look at the example. Example: John didn't eat a banana. (pear) He ate a pear. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Lt Campos didn't speak to Mary. (to Linda)

__________________________________________________________ Jackie didn't sit down at the table. (desk) __________________________________________________________ George didn't stand on the table. (chair) __________________________________________________________ I didn't know the time of the show. (name) __________________________________________________________ The students didn't come late to class. (on time) __________________________________________________________ Capt Jones didn't begin his class on time. (late) __________________________________________________________ 1 didn't see the movie last night. (Henry's pictures)

IRREGULAR VERBS
Repeat these irregular verbs. PRESENT hear say have do leave sleep PAST heard said had did left slept PRESENT buy bring put read fly go PAST bought brought put read flew went

JIM SAID, COME TO MY ROOM

Repeat these sentences, and then read them. 1. Last night, Jim said, "Come to my room".
2. 3.

He had pictures from his country. We did our homework. I left his room at 10:00. Jim slept all night long. Last week, Jim bought a book about pilots.

4. 5.
6.

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7. 8. 9.

He brought it to class. He put it on my desk. We read it alter class.

10. The name of the book was "The pilots flew again".

11. We went to our barracks at 1600 hours.

THEY FLEW TO EUROPE.

Write the past tense form of the verb on the line. Then read the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. (fly) (read) (put) (bring) (buy) (say) (leave) (do) (hear) (have) Mr. & Mrs. Smith ______________ to Europe last month. Sammy ______________ twenty books last car. Jan _____________________ her book on her desk. Ron _____________________ hamburgers for the children. They _______________ a new ball. The students ________________, "Good morning". John ________________ an hour ago. The students ________________ their homework. We ______________________ the tapes last night. Henry _________________________ a truck.

I GET UP EARLY EVERY DAY. DID YOU GET UP EARLY YESTERDAY, TOO?
Write the past tense questions. Use "too" in your questions. Look at the example. Example: My mother took the bus yesterday. (this morning) Did your mother take the bus this morning, too? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I got up early this morning. (last Saturday)

__________________________________________________________ I wrote to my brother. (your sister) __________________________________________________________ I heard the children outside. (inside) __________________________________________________________ I ate a hamburger for lunch last week. (yesterday) __________________________________________________________ I brought my new cap yesterday. (this morning) __________________________________________________________ I swam last week. (last Monday) __________________________________________________________

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"Whose is this?" "It's mine."

Mine I We Yo He She They my our your his her their

ours mine ours yours his hers theirs

yours

his

hers Its mine. Its ours. Its yours. Its his. Its hers. Its theirs.

theirs

Its my money. Its our money. Its your money. Its his money. Its her money. Its their money.

My/our/your/her/their + a noun (my hands / your book, etc.

My hands are cold. Is this your book? Ann gave me her umbrella. It's their problem, not our problem.

mine/ours/yours/hers/theirs without a noun:

These books are mine, but this newspaper is, yours. (= your newspaper) I didn't have an umbrella, so Ann gave me hers. (= her umbrella) Its their problem, not ours. (= our problem) Is that their car? No, theirs is green. (= their car) his with or without a noun: Is this his camera? Its a nice camera. Is it his? We say: a friend of mine / a friend of his / some friends of yours. etc.: I went out to meet a friend of mine. (not a friend of me) Are, those people friends of yours? (not friends of you) Whose...? Whose book is this? (= Is it your book? / his book? / my book?, etc.)

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

R.M.C.

You can use whose with or without a noun: Whose money is this? Whose is this? . ) Whose shoes are these? Whose are these? They're John's. It's mine.

Listen and read.

COMPLETE THIS TABLE. Possessive Pronouns. A: _____________ dog is this? Is it ____________ , sir? B: No, it isn't __________________ . Ask that gentleman. Perhaps it's _____________ . A: Excuse me, sir. Is this your dog? C: I don't have a dog. Ask that lady. I think it's ______________________. A: Is this your dog, madam? D: No. Ask those gentlemen. Perhaps it's ___________________ . A: Excuse me, gentlemen. Is this your dog? F: No, it's not _________________ . Policeman: Has anyone seen my Doberman?

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

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WHICH BOOK DID YOU WANT?

Which Which book

Did

you

want?

Ask questions with "which" and then answer them. Look at the examples. Examples: / like S1: Which car did you like? S2: I liked the blue car. / wear S1: Which shoes did you wear to the dance? S2: I wore my brown shoes.

1.

/ study

____________________________________ ? ____________________________________

2.

/ like

____________________________________ ? ____________________________________

3.

/ hurt

____________________________________ ? ____________________________________

4.

/ bring

____________________________________ ? ____________________________________

5.

/ is

____________________________________ ? ____________________________________

6.

/ wear

____________________________________ ? ____________________________________

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Ms. Carcasi

UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

R.M.C.

LET'S TALK!
Make pairs and ask and answer the following questions. Then tell the class what your classmate said. Which Peruvian dish do you like? Which city do you like the most? Which TV program did you watch last night?

GRAMMAR WHICH ONE?

Mrs. King: Sgt King: Mrs. King: Sgt King: Which book are you reading? I'm reading the new one. The one I bought on Sunday. Is that the one about the military? Yes, that's the one.

I DON'T LIKE THE PURPLE ONES.

Clerk: Henry: Clerk: Henry: Here are the ties you wanted to see. Thank you. Which ones do you like? I like the yellow one and the blue one. I don't like the purple ones.

IS THIS THE ONE?

Ask and answer questions with "one". Look at the examples. Examples: S1: Which is your pencil? S2: The blue one. S1: Is this the one? S2: No, my pencil is the long one. S1: This one? S2: Yes, that's the one.

HE DOESN'T WANT A BLUE ONE.

Read and replace some words using one(s). Look at the example. Example: "I don't want a blue shirt. I want a white shirt, said John. One one John went to the store yesterday. He wanted to buy a shirt. A clerk helped him. The clerk said, May 1 help you? John said. Yes, I want to buy a white shirt. This week, our blue shirts cost $8.99, the clerk said.

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UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

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I don't want a blue shirt. I want a white shirt, said John. Our yellow shirts are $7.99, and the gray shirts over here are $ 7.50. the clerk said. Then John said, "Maam, I don't want a blue shirt. I don't want a yellow shirt. I want a white shirt! We don't have white shirts this week, the clerk said. John left the store. He was mad.

LET'S TALK! How much do you know about our history?

Make pairs to ask the following questions in turns and write the answers in the blanks. Then check the answers with the rest of the class. 1. When did Francisco Pizarro found Lima? ________________________________________________________ 2. Was Moquegua city founded? ________________________________________________________ 3. When did the battle of Ayacucho take place? ________________________________________________________ 4. When did Jose de San Martin declare our independence? ________________________________________________________ 5. When did the combat of Angamos occur? ________________________________________________________ 6. When did Ramon Castilla declare the abolition of the slavery in Peru? ________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR
THERE IS / THERE ARE
There + be is used to say that something exists. There is a book on your desk. There are three pens under the table. There + is There + are = there's = there 're

Is there a map on the wall?

Yes, there is. No, there isn't.

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UNIVERSIDAD JOSE CARLOS MARIATEGUI

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Are there desks in the classroom?

Yes, there are. No, there aren't.

IS THERE CHALK IN THE CLASSROOM?

Read these sentences. 1. There are ten desks in the classroom. 2. There's a chalkboard, too. 3. There are books on the desks. 4. Are there students in the classroom? Yes, there are. 5. Is there a teacher in the classroom? Yes, there is.
6.

7. 8. 9.

Are there cars in the classroom? No, there aren't. There was a good show on TV last night. There wasn't a good game on TV last night. There were two good movies on TV on Saturday.

WHAT IS THERE IN THE CLASSROOM?

Look around the classroom and make sentences using "there is" or "there are". Look at the examples. Examples: calendar. There is a calendar in the classroom. books There are books in the classroom. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

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GRAMMAR
I HAVE A LOT OF MONEY.
a lot of / lots of / some a few desks, pencils, students, teachers, tables, chairs, books, stores, clothes, dollars, apples, etc. a little salt, sugar, soup, shampoo, toothpaste, butter, soap, orange juice, milk, water, rice, money, fruit, meat, etc.

Read the words in the box, then repeat the sentences.

1. I have some pencils. I have a few pencils.

2. There's some shampoo. There's a little shampoo.

3. There are a lot of pencils. There are lots of pencils.

4. There's a lot of shampoo. There's lots of shampoo.

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DO YOU WANT A LITTLE OR A LOT OF WATER?

Ask and answer questions using "a little or a lot of" or "a few or a lot of'. Look at the examples. Examples: want / rice S1: Do you want a little or a lot of rice? S2: I want a little rice. have / books S1: Do you have a few or a lot of books` S2: I have a few books.
1.

drink / milk

_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

2.

see /desks

_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

3.

eat / soup

_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

4.

have / money

_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

5.

want / sugar

_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

SOMETING ANYTHING NOTHING

Something and nothing are used in affirmative statements. Examples: Lets order something for dessert. Theres nothing in this suitcase. Something and anything are used in questions. Examples: would you like something to drink? Did the teacher say anything about the quiz? Anything is used in negative statements. Example: I didnt eat anything for breakfast.

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DO YOU WANT ANYTHING?

Read these sentences. 1. Does your friend want something? No, he doesnt want anything. 2. I want something for desert. Would you like some ice cream? 3. Would you like to buy something? Yes, I need a pen. 4. I heard something. Did you hear anything? No, I didnt. 5. Did you buy anything? Yes, I bought something. 6. I saw something? I didnt see anything. 7. Can you think something? Yes, Ill think something. 8. Did you buy anything? No, nothing. I didnt buy anything.

VOCABULARY DO YOU WANT SOMETHING TO DRINK?

Ask and answer question like the examples. Use anything, something, or nothing. Examples: buy Did you buy anything? Yes, I bought something. Learn Did you learn something?

No, I didnt learn anything. No, I learned nothing.

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1.

Want __________________________________________ ? Yes, _______________________________________ get ___________________________________________ No, ________________________________________ hear ___________________________________________ Yes, _______________________________________ do ___________________________________________ No, ________________________________________ see ___________________________________________ Yes, _______________________________________ order ___________________________________________ No, _______________________________________ say ___________________________________________ Yes, _______________________________________

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

VOCABULARY SOMETHING ELSE, ANYTHING ELSE, NOTHING ELSE

Read the sentences. 1. Jim studied all weekend. He didnt do anything else. 2. I dont like coffee. Is there anything else to drink? 3. Johns blue suit was dirty. He had to wear something else. 4. I saw that movie last week. Can we see something else? 5. Theres only one desk in the room. Theres nothing else.

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SPEAKING SKILL ANYTHING ELSE?

Repeat the dialog. Then recite one of them. Waiter: Do you want anything else, sir? Mr. Bean: No, nothing else. Thank you.

Waite: Do you want something else, maam? Mrs. Bean: Yes, please bring me a glass of water. Waiter: And you? Do you need anything else?

Miss Bean: No, thank you, I dont want anything else.

MANY / MUCH
Many is used with nouns you can count. It means a lot of. He has many books. Do they have many children? We didn't see many pilots there. Much is used with nouns you cannot count. It also means "a lot of'. It is used in negative sentences and questions. Ted has a lot of money. He didn't drink much coffee. Did he have much work last week?

THEY HAVE MANY CHILDREN. THEY DONT HAVE MUCH MONEY.

1. She has many shoes. 2. He doesn't have many clothes. 3. Do they have many children? 4. They can't play many sports. 5. Ted doesn't have much time. 6. The bottle doesn't have much milk in it. 7. Will you have much homework this weekend? 8. Did Jane have much money in her pocket? 9. Liz drinks a lot of water every day.

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WE DONT HAVE MUCH HOMEWORK

Answer the questions with "No" and negative complete answers. Use "much" in your answer. Examples: Do you have a lot of work right now? No, I don't have much work right now. Did you have much work last year? No, I didn't have much work last year. Is there a lot of sugar in the tea? No, there isn't much sugar in the tea. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Is there a lot of shampoo in the bottle? Did she put much pepper in the soup? Do you have lots of money in your pocket? Is there much salt in the soup? Is there a lot of fruit on the table? Did she put much buffer on the bread? Did she drink a lot of juice this morning? Will she eat much food tomorrow? Did the barber put lots of soap on his face?

BAIT
Read the words. 1. bet bet 5. fade fed 2. late 6. age let edge

BET
3. rake wreck 7. gate get 4. pain pen 8. Abe ebb

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GRAMMAR:
HOW MANY ... ? HOW MUCH ...?
How many is used with nouns you can count. QUESTIONS How many How many children books do you have? did he buy? ANSWER Five. I have five children. Two. He bought two books.

How much is used with nouns you cannot count QUESTIONS How much tea do you drink every day? Did she buy? ANSWER Three cups. I drink three cups of tea a day. Five pounds. She bought five pounds of sugar.

How much

sugar

HOW MUCH DID YOU FAT?

Write questions with "how much" or "how many" and the underlined words. Then read questions and answers. Examples: A: B:
A: B:

How much coffee did you drink? Three cups. I drank three cups of coffee. How many children does, he have? Two. He has two children.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B:

________________________________________? Four. We had four pieces of pie. ________________________________________? Not much. She doesn't have much money. ________________________________________? Five pounds. I got five pounds of meat. ________________________________________? Ten. There are ten students in the classroom. ________________________________________? Three dozen. I made three dozer cookies.

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6. 7. 8.

A: B: A: B: A: B:

________________________________________? One brother and two sisters. He has one brother and two sisters. ________________________________________? A dozen. There's a dozen oranges in the box. Two bowls. He cooked two bowls of rice.

Now write questions beginning "how much" or "how many for these answers. 1. one fifth. __________________________________________ 2. 11%. __________________________________________ 3. 2,000 million. __________________________________________ 4. 35,000. __________________________________________ 5. 6. about 40 liters. about 10,000 __________________________________________ __________________________________________

Choose the correct word. 1. How much / many people are there in your family? 2. How much / many children are there in your school? 3. How much / many Cheese do you want on your spaghetti? 4. How much / many potato chips are there in the bag? 5. How much / many water does your dog, drink 6. How much / many milk is there in the fridge? 7. How much / many apples do you have in your refrigerator? 8. How much / many fruit do you eat?. 9. How much / many time do you have? 10. How much / many times a day do you brush your teeth?

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GRAMMAR: PREPOSITIONS
Place and position

at
The woman is at the door. The child is in the house. The bird is on the roof.

in

on

between

The bicycle is between the house and the tree.

over above below under inside outside

The picture is over the fireplace. The picture is above the fireplace. The fireplace is below the picture. The fireplace is under the picture. It is warm inside the house. It is cold outside the house.
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by

near behind

ahead of

beside against

in front of

The dog sits by the chair. The boy is beside the chair. The tree is near the house. The bicycle leans against the tree Direction and motion

The bill is behind the house. The girl is in front of the house. The truck is ahead of the bus.

in

to

out of

into

toward

from

The woman is in the house. The child goes into the house. The man goes to the car. The car points toward the corner. The girl gets out of the car. The boy walks from the car toward the house.

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across

through

up

beyond

over

down

The school is across the street. The next house is beyond the hill. We walk through the field. Birds fly over the house. Children are running up the hill. The man is walking down the hill. EXERCISES Prepositions: Complete each of the sentences below with a suitable preposition. 1. There is a woman ________ the house. 2. There are leaves ________ the tree. 3. The road is ________ the house. 4. The dog is________ the tree. 5. The bird is ________ the house. 6. The girl is ________ the house. 7. The flowers are growing ________ the door. 8. The flowers are ________ the house. 9. The flowers are ________ the girl and the boy. 10. The roots of the tree are ________ the ground.

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Somebody asks you the way to a place. Tell him or her which way to go. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences

1. 2. Gothe bridge 3. the hill 4. the stairs

5. Go .. the street 6. Go .. .. 7. .. 8. ..

9. .. 10. .. 11. .. 12. ..

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a preposition (up/over, etc.).

1. The dog swam across.. the river 2. The book fell ... a shelf. 3. The plane flew the town. 4. He threw the book .. the windows. Put a preposition (up/off/through, etc.)

5. They drove .... the village 6. A woman got . a car. 7. A man walked . The store. 8. The moon travels the Earth.

1. We jumped off the bridge . into the water 2. Do you know how to put film .. this camera? 3. You can put your coat .. The back of the chair. 4. She took a key ... her bag and opened the door. 5. We didnt have a key, so we climbed .. a window . The house 6. I looked .. the window and watched the people on the street. 7. We walked . The museum and saw a lot of interesting things. 8. In tennis, you have to hit the ball the net.

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9. Dont forget to put a stamp . the postcard before you mail it.

ADVERBIAL QUESTIONS WORDS

ADVERBIAL QUESTION WORDS when where why how NOMINAL QUESTION WORDS who whom whose what which Where may mean at what place? or to what place? and occasionally what place? Where did he live? Where was he? Where did he go?

How may mean in what condition? or in what manner? How is the weather? How do they make those baskets?

Adverbial question words with BE. The adverbial question words may be used with be.
When, where, and how occur in the pattern; question word + be + subject. When is the dance? Where is the restaurant? How is your wife? Why occurs in the pattern why + be + subject + complement. Why is John angry? Why is Mary upstairs? Why is that man a criminal? How can be used with adjectives to mean to what degree? In this case, both how and the word it modifies come before the auxiliary. How hot is the water? How wide was the road?

Adverbial question words with ordinary verbs. This is the usual word order:
question word + auxiliary + subject + verb + complement. When did he leave? Where are you going? Why did you say that?

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How do you spell this word? Why also occurs in the special pattern why + base form. In this case the implied subject of the verb is suggested by the context. Why ask me? (= Why do you ask me? or Why do they ask me?, etc.) Why worry? How is used with adverbs to mean to what degree? How often does the clock strike? How long did your friends stay? Who, whom, and whose ask questions about persons. Who is used when the question word is the subject of the verb. It is always treated as a singular, even though the context may clearly indicate that more than one person is meant. Who's coming to your party? (I know that you are having a number of guests.) Who knows the answer to this question? (Several students, probably.) If the question word is the object of the verb, two styles are followed: in formal, "correct" language, whom is used; in informal language, who is used. Whom do you want to see? (Formal) Who do you want to see? (Informal) If the question word is the object of a preposition, three patterns are available:. Formal: Preposition + whom + question Rather formal: Whom + question + preposition Informal: who + question + preposition Who did you write to? Whom did you write to?. To whom did you write?

In casual speech, a special kind of question consisting of who + preposition is often used. I went to the movies yesterday. Who with? (= Who did you go with?) Tom was writing a letter when I saw him. Who to? (= Who was he writing to?)

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What asks about things and has only one form, regardless of its function What caused the explosion? What do you want? What do you carry water in? (subject) (object of verb) (object of preposition)

What is not often used after prepositions at the beginning of questions except in the most formal style. To what do you attribute his lack of success? What is used in the pattern what + preposition in short questions. Jack just cut the grass in the front yard. What with? I though the mower was broken. Let me have five dollars, will you? What for?

Questions with BE. When who and what are used in questions with be, they are usually the
complement of be, not its subject. The noun or pronoun that follows be, therefore, determines which form of be is used. Who is that man? What is argon? (answer: That man is _____________ ) (answer: Argon is ___________ )

Who is used if the identity of persons is being asked, and what asks about things. What is used with reference to people if it is their profession, status, or role that is being asked about. Who am I? Who are you? Who is your father? Who are these people? Question words as noun determiners. What, which, and whose are used as noun determiners. That is, nouns may follow them. These nouns may be either singular or plural. What and which ask the answerer to select from the class of things named by the noun; whose asks about possession. Which and whose may stand alone as substitute nouns in a context where a noun has already been introduced. Which may be followed by one, but does not Nave to be. Whose is never followed by one. When these words, along with their nouns, are used in questions, both they and their nouns come first in the question, regardless of their function in the sentence. Prepositions may precede them in formal style; in informal style, the preposition is usually put at the end of the question, as we have seen. What book pleases you most? What is that? What are those things? Daves a mechanic; what is Tom?

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What book do you like best? What officer did you meet? What man told you that? What teachers did you speak to? What time is it? Which bus goes to the museum? Which goes to the museum? Which one goes to the museum? Which bus did you take? Whose car was in the accident? Whose was in the accident? Whose house did you visit? Whose did you visit? Whose parents did you write to? To whose parents did you write? (formal)

HOW MUCH ?
do How much are are the shoes the shoes? they? cost?

does How much is is

the shirt the shirt? it?

cost?

did How much were were

the shoes the shoes they?

cost?

did How much was was

the shirt the shirt? it?

cost?

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HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?

Repeat and then read the questions and answers. 1. How much is the blue shirt? It's $15.00. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How much does the suit cost? It costs $250.00. How much did your new car cost? It cost $15,000.00. How much was it? It was $2.95. How much did your black pants cost? They cost $ 8.00. How much were they? They were $51.99

LETS TALK! (How much do you know about prices?)

Make groups of two or three students each. Ask questions to one another about prices of different items and give the answers. Example: S1: S2: S3: How much is a can of milk? It's S/ 2. How much is a kg of meat? It's S/ 12. How much ...

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Look at the pictures. Ask and answer questions using how much. Look at the examples. Examples S1 : How much do the shoes cost? S2 : They cost $35. S2 How much is the hat? S1 It's $15.00.

VOCABULARY HE RECORDS MUSIC

1.

Pam likes music. She always takes her tape recorder and headset to listen to music. She likes to put on her headphones.

2.

Sometimes her sister records music with her recorder.

ANN AND HARRY LIKE TO DANCE

1. dance Harry and Ann dance every weekend. They went to a dance last night. 2. store He bought a tie at the store. This is a clothing store. 3. clerk Sue works in that store. She's a clerk. I asked that clerk to help me. 4. help Sue helped Harry in the store. She helped her brother with his homework.

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5.

sell / sold They sell good clothes at that store. I sold my old car.

6.

take / took Im taking my books to my dormitory. They took their coats to school.

7.

headphones / headset Harry always puts on his headphones. His mother doesn't like to hear his music. She bought Harry his headset.

HE WENT TO THE STORE AND BOUGHT A SHIRT.

Harry dances every Friday. Last Friday, he wanted to wear his new pants. On Thursday, Harry went to the store and bought a new shirt. A clerk helped Harry. He said, "May I help you? "Yes, "Harry said. "I want to buy a shirt". "What color?," the clerk asked. " I want a white and blue shirt," Harry said. "Here you are," the clerk said. He brought six white and blue shirts. Harry chose one shirt and said, "I like this one. How much is it? "It's $19.89," the clerk said. "Good. I want this shirt" The clerk sold Harry the shirt. Harry wore his new pants and his new shirt to the dance.

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Read the statements. Circle T for true statements. Circle F for false statements. 1. Harry likes to dance. T F 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Harry bought new pants last Thursday. Harry helped the clerk. He asked the clerk, "How much is it? Harry sold the shirt. The shirt cost $9.98 T T T T T F F F F F

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UNIT II
BE IN THE PAST SIMPLE

A. The past Simple of be is like this:

Positive Singular 1 was You were, He/she/it was We were Plural You were They were Negative I was not (wasn't) You were not(weren't) He/she/it was not (wasn't) We were not (weren't) You weren't not (weren't) They were not (weren't) Question Was I....? Were you ... Was he/she/it ...? Were we ...? Were you ...? Were they...?

We usually use the short forms (wasn't/werent) when we are speaking or writing a friendly letter: She wasn't at the dance yesterday, so her boyfriend wasn't happy.

B. We use was and were to talk about the past:

I was a student from 1986 to 1991. It was very hot last August. Kyoto was the capital of Japan.(not now) They were at club until midnight.

C. We use there was.../there were ... to talk about something in the past:
There was a panty in the school last Saturday. There were steam trains in England in 1950.

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We use there was with a singular noun: with an uncountable noun: We use there were with a plural noun:

There was a football match in the car park last week. There was some* bread in the cupboard yesterday. There were two hundred people at the wedding.

D. Questions and short answers are like this:

Was there a football match yesterday? Yes, there was. Or No, there wasn't. Were there any* good programmes on TV last week? Yes, there were. Or No, there weren't.

EXERCISES
1. Look at the conversation from The History Quiz, a TV show, and underline all the past forms of be.
"Are you ready? Now, Miss Jones; this is your first question. Who was William Shakespeare?" "Was he a famous general?" "No, he wasn't a general, he was a dramatist. Bad luck! Now, Mr. Smith, here's your question. Who was Napoleon7 "Was he a famous footballer?" "No, he wasn't a footballer, he was a general. Now, Miss Jones, who was Leonardo da Vinci?"

2. Now continuo the conversation in exercise 1 and fill the gaps. Use one word for each gap.
"(1) was "No, (3) (2) he (4) a famous actor?". a famous actor, (5) (6) an artist.

Now, Mr. Smith, who (7) Romulus and Remus?. (8).. (9).. circus clowns? "No, they(10) .. clowns, they (11) the founders of Rome. Well, Miss Jones and Mr. Smith, you have zero points. Im sorry.

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3. Your friend was at a party last weekend at the house of a millionaire. Use items from the list to make sentences.
delicious interesting very polite luxurious famous heart-shaped antique b. The millionaires wife . d. The servants . f. The swimming pool . h. The paintings .. j. The food l The conversation .. by Picasso full of roses old and ugly very expensive young and beautiful

a. The millionaire was old and ugly . c. The other guests .. e. The house . g. The furniture .. i. The gardens .. k. The wine .

4. Here are some items from the news. For each news item, write a sentences with There was or There were or There is or There are.
a. A car accident (yesterday) b. A plane crash (yesterday) c. A party at the White House (this evening, now) d. An earthquake on Pacific island (yesterday) e. No economic problems in Peru (last month) f. Two bomb explosions (last night) g. A music festival in Hyde Park (today, now) h. A meeting between the Presidents of the USA and Russia (last week). i. An important football match at Wembley (today, now). .. j. No rain in Chiclayo (last month) k. A royal wedding (last month) 1. Three firework displays in London (tonight, now) .. .. .. There was a car accident. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

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5. Look at these pictures of Bob and Sue and complete the sentences below. Here are some useful words:
babies dark healthy energetic pretty smooth friendly thin generous happy very intelligent

1962 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Bob and Sue are old now but then they were young.

now

Bob and Sue are sad now but then .. Sue is fat now but then .. They are often ill now but then .. Their skin is wrinkled ( = with lines ) now but then it .. They are often angry now but then .. Their hair is grey now but then it .. They are often tired now but then .. Sue is forgetful now but then ..

10. Bob and Sue are rich now but then .. 11. They are mean ( = not generous ) now but then .. 12. Their children are adults now but then .. 13. Sue is ugly now but then ..

6. Look at this. As you read, put was or were or wasnt or werent in the gaps.
Jim and Barbara: We were at the zoo yesterday. Sarah: Was it good? Jim: No, it was terrible. There (1) werent any lions. Barbara: And there(2) any tigers, Jim: There (3).. any kangaroos. Barbara: And there(4) .. any elephants. Sarah: (5) .. there any snakes? Barbara: Yes, there(6) .. one. It was only five centimeters long. Jim: There (7) .. a monkey but he was very old and fat.
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Barbara: And there(8) .. a camel with only one eye. Jim: There (9) .. two crocodiles with no teeth. Barbara: And there(10) .. a parrot with no feathers. Jim: There(11) .. any penguins. Barbara: And there(12) .. enough food for the animals. Jim: There(13) .. only one zoo keeper. He was old and folish.

7. Now make questions about the zoo. Give short answers.

1. Lions ? 2. Crocodiles? 3. Parrots? 4. Largo snakes? 6. A young zoo keeper? Were there any lions at. the zoo? No, there weren't ... ... ... ...

5. Enough food the animals? ...

OPEN EXERCISES 8. Where were you last weekend? Look at this table:
Place Beach Disco Shopping Centre Restaurant Cinema Zoo Friday Saturday Sunday

2 p.m. - 5 p.m. 9 a.m. - 11 a.m. 11 a.m. - 2 p.m.

Write more times (e.g. 5 p.m. - 8 p.m.) in the empty spaces in the table. Then write the story of your weekend. Use was and were. For example: Last Friday, the weather was fine. I was at the shops from nine oclock to eleven oclock. From eleven oclock to two oclock, I was at restaurant. The food was delicious but the waiters werent very polite.

9. Invent similar questions about the places below. Do you remember the questions about the zoo in exercise 7 ?
a. The beach: Were there any lifeguards at the beach? b. The museum c. The circus d. The disco e. The park f. The hotel

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PAST PROGRESSIVE
GRAMMAR:
ANNE WAS STUDYING IN THE LIBRARY
The past progressive is used to show that an action took place over period of time. I Mark Mark and Al Was studying Was studying Were studying Last night

What were you doing last night? I was studying in the library.

I WAS THINKING ABOUT MY VACATION

Read your part and learn it well enough to say it without looking at your book Jan: Jan: Why were you smiling a minute ago? What were you thinking about?

Tom: I was thinking. Tom: My vacation next week.

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Rita: Jane: Rita: Jane:

What were you doing last night? I was studying at the library. What were you studying? French. I was reviewing for todays test.

Steve: I dont understand this exercise. Larry: Were you listening to the teacher? Steve: No. What was he seying? Larry: He was explaining this exercise.

SUBSTITUTION DRILL Oral response Individuale 1. Jane was watching a movie night. (TV) 2. Studying math 3. Mark an Al 4. this morning 5. playing soccer 6. baseball 7. I 8. Yesterday 9. washing the car 10. My brother and I.

WHO WAS READING A BOOK LAST NIGTH?

Your instructor will read a sentence and then give you a word or phrase to substitute. Make a new sentence with that word or phrase. Look at the pattern. PATTERN: I: I: S1: I: S2: Helen was reading a book last night Jane Jane was reading a book last night. watching a movie Jane was watching a movie last night.

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WHAT WAS LAURA DOING YESTERDAY? SHE WAS WAITING FOR THE BUS
Ask and answer the question about the pictures. Remember to use the past progressive. EXAMPLE:

What was Laura doing at 6:30? She was eating breakfast.

1. Where was Laura standing at 7:00? (She was standing at the bus stop.)

2. Who was Laura talking to at 9:00? (She was talking to a student.)

1. When was Laura running? (She was running at noon.)

2. What was Laura buying at 4:30? (She was talking to a student.)

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1. When was Laura cooking dinner? (She was cooking dinner at 4:30.)

2. Who was Laura talking to at 8:00? (She was talking to her mother at 8:00.)

INDIRECT QUESTIONS NOUNS IN INDIRECT SPEECH

Noun clauses in indirect speech
It is often necessary to represent an idea, question, or statement as having been thought of, asked, or pronounced by someone else. We do this in the form of indirect speech, and the original utterance, usually somewhat changed, is presented in the form of a noun clause: Original utterance: I am glad to be here. A report of this utterance: He says (that) he is glad to be here. The connecting word that in clauses of this type may be omitted, and usually is, in informal English. As a rule, the tense of reported speech is affected by, the tense of the main verb in the sentence. Using the same original utterance as above, but putting the report of it in the past tense, we have this form. He said (that) he was glad to be here. The speaker has choice in the tense of the verb in the clause. If he wants to stress that the action of the main verb and that of the verb in the clause are contemporary, he makes them agree. Or he may use the present tense in the clause to suggest that the information contained there is still true or is still of interest. The settlers learned that the land in the valley was fertile. (Present condition of the land in the valley is of no interest at the moment.)

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The settlers learned that the turkey is an elusive bird. (It was and still is elusive.)

Indirect questions
When questions are reported in an indirect way (not using the actual words of the person who originally said them), the following rules apply. Yes-no questions. In indirect speech, yes-no questions (which have no question word in direct speech) are introduced by if or whether, and the subject and verb are in their ordinary statement word order. Original question: Indirect question: Is John coming to the party? Do you know if John is coming to the Party? Do you know whether John is coming to the party? Find out if John is coming to the party. If the main verb is past tense, then the verb in the indirect question is almost always past tense, too: Is he here? They asked if he was here. Question-word questions. These questions retain the sane question word they would have in their original form, and in addition, subject and verb are in statement word order, as in yes-no questions. Why does he call you every day? I don't know why he calls you every day. Why does he go to New York? I wonder why he went to New York. Many other changes are required in indirect questions, to make the pronouns, as well as the tense of the verb, correct. When are you coming back from Europe? I asked him when he was coming back from Europe. He asked me when I was coming back from Europe. Which do you prefer? I dont know which he prefers. He didnt tell me which he preferred. He wanted to know which I preferred.

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EXERCISES
Question words. Make questions to which these sentences are the answers. Use the question word suggested by the italicized word in the answer. Example: He went to school. Where did he go? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. John likes ice cream. Bob answered the question. The letter came yesterday. Helen found some eggs in the barn. Mr. Simms put his keys in the drawer. I saw Carla at the dance. Mrs. Douglas is writing a letter. The weather was sunny. Dave broke the stick with his hands.

10. We met them a long time ago. 11. Rita was holding a kitten. 12. The movie was terrible. 13. This book is Howards. 14. Al is outside. 15. He took the history book. 16. This is Jerrys. 17. He came in because it was raining. 18. She spells her name with two fs. 19. Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. 20. The rear door was damaged.

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SIMPLE PAST TENSE

REVIEW

EXERCISE I

VERB FORMS IN QUESTIONS

Change these sentences to question as in the example: Example: a) Lima is the capital of Peru. Is Lima the capital of Peru? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Most Peruvians like to dance. The teacher is listening to the students now. Rodolfo said he didn't miss a class last trimester. I'm usually in a hurry in the morning. The students are changing these sentences to questions. Mr. Karlberg had to stay in the hospital for a long time last year. There's going to be a parade tomorrow. Jos and his sister try to practice their English every day. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are giving a lot of parties these days. 10. Some of these students were in my class last trimester. 11. The Figueroas are going to spend their next vacation in Michigan. 12. All of my brothers and sisters can type. 13. The students in the next room are making a lot of noise. 14. Steve Gibson learned to fly in the army. 15. Im going to try to go to bed early tonight.

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16. Louises uncle wants her to be a nurse. 17. Ralph and Shirley got married in Canada. 18. Miss Alarcn asked me to lend her my camera. 19. I never leave my English book at the Institute. 20. There's a lot of coffee in Brazil. 21. Mr. Baker told me his first name was Bruce. 22. The teacher forgot to call the roll last time. 23. I know the brother of the girl in the 6th seas in the 2nd row. 24. There were a lot of new words and expressions in Course 4.

EXERCISE II

QUESTIONS WITH INTERROGATIVE WORDS

Form questions as in these examples. Example: a) I had to go to work at 7:15 yesterday morning. (WHAT TIME) WHAT TIME did you have to go to work yesterday morning? b) The Cuevas brothers got sick last night because they ate a lot at Javier's party. (WHY) WHY did the Cuevas brothers get sick last night? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 Alan is studying engineering in England. (WHERE) My brother likes Lucky Strikes. (WHAT KIND OF) Graciela Muoz is going to be old enough to study here next year. (WHEN) The students arent looking at their books because they're closed. (WHY) Susan told me to call her up at 8:30 tonight. (WHAT TIME) Six students were late for class today. (HOW MANY)
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7. 8. 9.

Mrs. Nelson wants her husband to fix the radio. (WHAT) Those papers on the cable are mine. (WHOSE) One of my students helped me translate some letters the other day. (WHO)

10. There's a map in this classroom because we often have to look at one. (WHY) 11. Paul has to take 8 subjects at the university this year. (HOW MANY) 12. My last trip to the United States cost me ninety five hundred soles, (HOW MUCH) 13. Some of the students in the back of the room aren't paying attention. (WHO) 14. I didnt get home until 11:45 last night. (WHAT TIME) 15. The circus was in town for 6 weeks last summer. (HOW LONG) 16. It takes 3 or 4 years to get a certificate from the Institute. (HOW LONG) 17. My little nephew is learning how to say the multiplication cables. (WHAT)

EXCECISE III

GENERAL QUESTIONS

Answer these questions with complete, logical sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Does your father have to get up early every morning? Werent you born in Lima? Are most of your relatives living in Peru? Brussels isnt the capital of Franco, is it? Who sold you your English book? Can your parents speak English? Did all the students in your class get good grades on the final exam last trimester?
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8. 9.

They aren't charging very much for shoeshines now, are they? Do you ever get mad at people?

10. How much did your last pair of shoes cost you? 11. Who does your boss usually have lunch with? 12. Is your cousin still studying at the Institute? 13. Did your boss advise you to study English? 14. When is Mr. Islas going to let you copy his notes? 15. What kind of cigarettes does your father smoke? 16. How long were you in Course 4? 17. Can I borrow your pen for a minute? 18. Did all the students come to class today? 19. What are they going to charge for the tickets to the concert next Saturday? 20. What's the capital of Colombia? 21. Why did your teacher tell you not to miss class this trimester? 22. Do you ever stay out late on Sunday night? 23 Are the Kleins still paying for their house? 24. Mr. and Mrs. Lara stayed overnight in Cuzco on their last trip to Arequipa didn't they? 25. It only cakes about an hour and a hall to fly from Ayacucho to Lima doesn't it? 26. How long ago were you in secundaria?

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27. What two languages do they speak in Canada? 28. How old did Socorro say she was? 29. Does it cost very much to study at the Catholic University? 30. Did you get sleepy right after supper last night? 31. Shall I repeat the last question for you? 32. You're answering questions now, aren't you? 33. Did you forget to bring your notebook to class today? 34. Is Caracas in South America or in Central America? 35. Were there many holidays last month?

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CONTENTS
UNIT I
LESSON 1 1. Simple Past Tense: Regular, Irregular Verbs .................................................................01 2. Possessive Pronouns: Mine, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours ..............................................11 LESSON 2 3. Indefinite adjective: A lot of, little, few .........................................................................21 4. Prepositions: Over, above, below, under, inside, outside, by, near ...............................25 LESSON 3 5. Adverbial questions words, with ordinary verbs: Why, whom, what, whose, which, what kind of, how much.................................................................................................29

UNIT II
LESSON 4 6. TO BE verbs past was were .......................................................................................37 7. Past progressive tense, affirmative, interrogative and negative form. ...........................42 LESSON 5 8. Indirect Questions, Nouns in indirect speech ...............................................................45 LESSON 6 9. Simple past tense: Affirmative, interrogative and negative form ..................................48

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BIBLIOGRAFIA:
1. F. Bond. : Dictionary of University. 2. Jack C. Richards 3. Jay Maurer, Irene Schoenberg 4. English Teaching Division Information 5. Raymond Murphy 6. Collier Macmillan International, Inc 7. Defense Language Institute Center : Changes : True Colors : Center Service: Sounding. : Basic Grammar in use : Practical English Grammar : Book 9, Book 6, Book 4 the Chicago

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