C o n s titu tio n a l P a r ty of Canada P o s itio n P a p e r

Introduction
It is proposed that The Constitutional Party of Canada (hereafter known as the Party) shall be formed as a direct alternative to the existing national federal political parties in order to offer significant and meaningful change in the way Canada governs itself. It is the position of the Party that elections shall be more rigidly structured and regularly scheduled to occur every four years. Complete governmental separation from the United Kingdom would be implemented through constitutional amendments and Canada would move from the position of Constitutional Monarchy to Semi-presidential Republic. As an aside, the term Royal shall be removed from all aspects of government, including the national police force and military. All constitutional ties and obligations to Great Britain shall cease to be in effect. After much deliberation it is decided that none of the current national political parties are willing to adopt a platform based on complete legal and constitutional separation from the United Kingdom and the British Monarchy, thus necessitating the formation of a new political organization.

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

Once elected to majority government status in a federal general election, signifying a mandate from the people of Canada that change is desired and expected, the Party shall institute legislation such that - Canada be designated as a semi-presidential republic and all legal and constitutional ties to the United Kingdom of England, Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland shall be eliminated allowing Canada to unilaterally alter its own constitution henceforth. The role of Governor General (which will for the purposes of this document be re- named as President and referred to as such for the remainder of this document) shall also become an elected position and hold a stronger base of authority within government through the role of presenting, and having approved in the House of Commons, an executive Cabinet of senior ministers of the House of Commons in addition to working with the Senate House Leader and the Prime Minister. The President shall also assume the de-facto role of Commander in Chief of the combined armed forces. The Senate shall become an elected body with the same rights and responsibilities as the current upper house but with direct responsibility to the constituents that elect said members to office. Senators would be expected to thoroughly discuss all bills put before the upper house and would be required under the constitution to pass or remediate bills for re-introduction in the lower house. It is further recommended that constitutional amendments shall be tabled to alter the provincial election structure to also occur every four years, one year following the election of a new federal government. As with the structure at the federal level, the position of Lieutenant Governor shall be an independently elected position from the provincial legislatures having roughly the same powers and responsibilities as the position currently entails but with the electorate voting directly for the person they wish to elect to the position of Lieutenant Governor while still voting separately for their individual legislative members and, based upon party results, the provincial Premier. Upon the conclusion of the election the Lieutenant Governor would nominate candidates for the necessary ministers from the governing party. Municipal elections would remain unaltered from the current methodology. Significant electoral reform shall be put in place to accommodate the aforementioned changes, regulate efficiency, consistency, transparency and affect change in the manner in which the popular vote is utilized to elect members to the various federal and provincial houses of government.

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

Section 1: Governmental and Electoral Reform.

Overview
It is expected that by instituting the above noted changes that Canadian citizens shall in time become insulated from the political uncertainty that has plagued the country in recent years. A country mired in geopolitical strife, Canada has failed repeatedly to elect a strong, decisive head of state as it wrestles with regional needs and the partisan system virtually unaltered since its inception. Canadians need and deserve a responsible, effective and decisive form of government with a certain measure of stability, cohesion and transparent accountability. This cannot be had without fundamentally altering the system which has created the current situation. The desired results of our proposed Parliamentary and Senatorial changes would be: A. The career federal politician could truly exist only with individuals willing to undertake a vigorous political election campaign every four years, with the logical progression being that of three terms as a Member of Parliament followed by three terms of election to the Senate. As such, each term will require full campaigning and there will no longer be a senator for life in the Government of Canada. Retirement age for all federal politicians shall be 70 years of age. An elected official will be permitted to reach the age of 70 during his or her term in office and retire at the commencement of the subsequent scheduled election campaign. B. As noted previously, the position of Governor General would be eliminated in its current form and replaced with a national Head of State, or President, that would become a separately elected position allowing individual Canadians to elect their personal choice, irrespective of party affiliations. As a leader placed more prominently on the world stage, a strong model should emerge out of necessity. With a presidential veto capability and the authority to independently author legislative bills, the President will have the ability to affect the direction of the country, albeit with the approval and cooperation of both houses of parliament. The head of state could also be removed through passage of an impeachment bill through both houses when conduct warrants such proceedings. As an example, a President that consistently vetoed specific bills in a manner which appeared to be irresponsible, self-serving, and acting against the best interests of the general population could be viewed as malicious and result in impeachment proceedings. Verified participation in Illegal activities would result in similar actions. The role of Prime Minister shall be largely unaffected by the

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

transformation, although the President would now act as a national conscience in the passage of bills through the two levels of the house. C. As alluded to above, the Senate, or upper house, shall no longer be a place to reward party members and benefactors as it would become a democratically elected body. By providing effective and responsible analysis to bills passed by the lower house it would have the ability to prevent biased legislation from passing unadulterated, and could return such bills to the lower house with recommended amendments for discussion at that level. Upon return to the lower house such revisions would be immediately brought to the members for an immediate single, private ballot allowing individual members of the house to vote without the scrutiny of a party whip. Passage of the bill could then be accelerated with no need for further discussion and the inherent costs associated with delays. Should the vote result in the bill not being approved in its senate-amended form it would revert back to the normal process and a modified version of the same bill could then be forwarded to the Senate for approval at a later date. The same process would be in place for bills rejected due to a presidential veto with the President being legally bound to provide amendments to the lower house under which he or she would allow the bill to pass. A successful vote in the house on the amendment(s) would cause the bill to immediately pass into law. Election laws should also be modified to ensure greater transparency and equality. Financial political contributions would no longer be tax deductable for either businesses or individuals. Donations would only be permitted to be made to recognized national parties as a general contribution instead of backing specific candidates, with individual candidate support being restricted to those running as independents with no party affiliation. Parties shall only be recognized as national and eligible to enter candidates for election as a party under the proviso that they run a campaign within at least five provinces and/or territories within the country. Failure to do so will cause the elected members to have non-party status, precluding them from participation in all committees and formal duties beyond sitting in session, with recognition solely as independents. As such, federal parties would not be able to have representation in only one province or region: all parties must be truly national in scope and be acting in the best interests of ALL Canadians from coast to coast, not for the specific needs of one geographic region. In addition, a collective of greater than five independent candidates adopting a common platform during a federal election and campaigning in a manner which would be interpreted as cooperative and coordinated effort: they shall be viewed as a political party and therefore subject to the aforementioned requirements. Cooperative efforts would be required to cease immediately upon notification by Elections Canada of the violation; if compliance was not undertaken all of the offending candidates will be immediately removed from eligibility for that election.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

With regularly scheduled, fair and transparent elections occurring every four years the citizens of this country can be spared the costs and uncertainty of dealing with a minority government. Non-confidence motions bringing down the government and coalitions between divergent parties would cease to occur. The costs of federal and provincial elections should be reduced through long term planning and efficiencies. 1.1 Federal Electoral Change Proposed electoral changes would appear as follows: A. In summary, national federal elections shall be held every four years with the date being established permanently as the last Monday in June. Campaigning shall cease at noon on the prior Friday and no polls or other related items shall be produced by the media in the intervening time between the conclusion of the election campaign and the voting process. Parliament shall be dissolved effective the final Friday in April during an election year. All federal candidates, including party leaders and nominees for President, shall be duly nominated at least three weeks prior to the dissolution of Parliament, however each party can call its own leadership convention at any time of its choosing prior to that in the event that a house leader decides to step down or the party in question moves of its own accord. By individual ballot, the national election proceedings shall result in the direct election of: President (formerly Governor General) By collective ballot based on percentages and a list format, the national election proceedings shall result in the election: Members of the House of Commons Members of the Senate B. In detail, registered Federal parties are permitted to nominate a candidate for the position of President who shall, upon successful election by majority, assume the role of head of state for all Canada. Voting for the position of President shall be direct and by simple majority. Thus the head of state can be elected based upon his or her individual merits irrespective of party affiliation as the position will not be affected in any way by the popular votes for the two houses of parliament. C. Registered Federal parties are to produce a slate of nominations for the position of Member of Parliament in addition to designating one candidate as House Leader
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

who shall, upon being elected to majority status with his or her party, assume the role of Prime Minister and head of the legislative branch of the Government of Canada. The house leader from the party with the second highest representation shall be designated as Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. The non- voting position of Speaker of the House of Commons would continue to be a position appointed by the sitting Prime Minister. Candidates shall be required to have maintained a permanent residence within the provincial boundaries for a period of no less than two years. Term in office shall be four years, with a maximum of three terms, not necessarily consecutive. The position of Speaker shall be chosen from the elected Members by private vote within the chamber upon first sitting. Using a list system the following guidelines will be used to elect members for the lower house. Every party shall submit to Elections Canada a list of its candidates for election for every province in which it is campaigning. Seat allocation for each province shall be as follows: i. Provinces shall be allocated seats within parliament based upon population with one seat for every 200,000 residents and a minimum number of three seats in parliament. Each Territory shall have a single Member of Parliament. ii. Within its provincial allocation, non-municipal areas shall be allocated one seat within parliament for every 200,000 residents. iii. Cities, towns, villages and hamlets with a population under 50,000 shall fall within the above definition of a rural area and will not have a dedicated seat. iv. Cities with populations between 50,001 and 200,000 shall each have a single Member of Parliament, elected by popular majority. v. Cities with populations between 200,001 and 500,000 shall have three seats in parliament. vi. Cities with a population in excess of 500,001 shall each have a fixed number of seats within their borders with the number being one Member of Parliament for every 150,000 residents to a maximum of 25. Every eligible voter shall cast votes for the party of choice within its province and the resulting percentages shall be used to calculate the number of seats from each party that will actually be elected to parliament. D. Registered Federal parties are to produce a slate of nominations for the position of Senator. There shall be a total of eight senators from each province in the country and five from each territory for a total of 95, a reduction of ten from the current allotment. As with the House of Commons above, voting shall be based upon the
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

precept of a list system where each voter shall indicate his or her preferred party and the resulting percentages shall be used to allocate the senate seats in each province or territory. Senatorial terms shall be the same as for the House of Commons: four years with a maximum of three terms in office, not necessarily consecutive. For the first election campaign following the adoption of these proposed constitutional changes, the sitting appointed senators will be allowed to either run for re-election within their province of residence or submit notices of retirement. Should they choose to run for re-election, with the agreement and support of their respective political parties, they would then conduct their re- election campaigns in accordance with the above stated guidelines. Those being denied inclusion by their parties would be permitted to run for re-election independent of party affiliation with the understanding that the list system shall not necessarily be beneficial to those selecting non-party status. A Senate house leader shall be chosen from the elected Senators by private, non-partisan vote within the chamber upon commencement of the first sitting of the new session following a national election. This leader will remain in said position for a period of two consecutive parliamentary sessions and represent the Senate in the executive cabinet with the President, Prime Minister and the ten senior cabinet ministers with portfolio. 1.2 Federal Governmental Change Proposed governmental changes would be as follows: A. The incoming or returning President shall, immediately upon successful election by majority, assume the role of head of state for all Canada. In addition to the role of Commander in Chief for the Canadian Armed Forces, said individual shall bear such powers as to submit for approval by the House of Commons individual duly elected parliamentary ministers from the successful governing party for the senior cabinet offices of: 1. Minister of Finance 2. Minister of Foreign Affairs 3. Minister of Domestic Affairs 4. Minister of Justice 5. Minister of National Health and Welfare 6. Minister of National Defence 7. Minister of Transportation and National Infrastructure 8. Minister of Education and Human Resources Development
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

9. Minister of the Environment 10. Minister of Agriculture In addition to the Senate house leader and the Prime Minister, the above collective group of ministers shall form the Executive Cabinet of the Government of Canada.
Prime Minister President Senate House Leader

Minister of Justice

Minister of Finance

Minister of Defense

Minister of Foreign Affairs and Immigration

Minister of Domestic Affairs

Minister of Health & Welfare

Minister of Transport & Infrastruct.

Minister of Education, Training and Develop.

Minister of Minister of Industry and the Agriculture Environment

It is conceivable that the requirement shall also be present for a senior minister to undertake the portfolios of Industry and immigration and customs, however it is perceived at this point that the aforementioned assemblage shall be capable of handling the needs of the country at a senior level. As mentioned above, upon the conclusion of the election process the incoming President shall immediately produce his or her slate of nominees for the roles of senior ministers for designated positions in the executive cabinet, allowing the newly elected members of the house to consider the nominees over the summer in advance of the fall sitting of the house, which shall commence the second Monday in September. Upon commencement, the members of the Senate will also vote privately for a Senate House Leader as noted previously. All remaining governmental departments shall be incorporated logically into the above collective with sub or secondary ministers being assigned by the Prime Minister and the Executive Cabinet based on experience, regional needs and other priority factors unique to each individual office. The appointments shall be reviewed by the President and amended after two consecutive parliamentary sessions for re-consideration and approval by the House of Commons.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

Procedurally, the process of governing would appear to be little changed, yet there would be significant differences, some of which have been briefly noted in prior discussion. Bills introduced into the House of Commons would follow the same procedures as are currently in place and progress through three readings followed by a vote by the members of the house. Unlike previous sessions, however, all votes would be by private ballot, allowing non-partisan voting by the individual members. The sitting head of state will also be eligible to introduce legislation into the House of Commons after consultation of the proposed bill within the executive cabinet. The bill will then be introduced as having been referred by committee and treated accordingly. Bills moving to the upper house of Parliament, or the Senate, would undergo scrutiny, a single reading and a final private vote. Bills failing to be ratified would be returned to the lower house following further discussion within the upper chamber with recommended amendments by which the upper house has agreed it would allow the bill to pass. Bills passing the Senate vote unaltered would move to the President for approval. Should the President not approve the bill he or she would return it to the lower house under the same conditions as if the Senate had rejected it. The ideal would be that bills would pass more quickly through all levels, even those that are rejected. Ultimately bills that are rejected by either the Senate or the Head of State would be brought back in front of the lower house with amendments under which the bill would receive automatic approval by the rejecting body. The individual member responsible for the introduction of the bill would be given the opportunity to either re-introduce the bill for further discussion or withdraw the bill with the understanding that it could be amended and re- introduced after a waiting period of one calendar year. The Constitution shall require that the House of Commons elect the Speaker by secret ballot. The Speaker would remain a sitting MP, but only vote on matters in the event of a tie. The election shall be presided over by the President. All Members of the House of Commons except for Cabinet ministers and party leaders shall be eligible to run for the Speakership. Any member who does not wish to put his or her name forward must issue a letter withdrawing from the ballot by the day before the vote. All MPs who do not remove their name from the ballot as of 6pm the day before the election are listed as candidates on the ballot and are allowed a five-minute speech to persuade their colleagues as to why they should be elected.

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

The long-standing characteristic verbal attacks and tirades on the floor of the House of Commons would not be permitted and it would be the responsibility of the Speaker to administer unbiased non-partisan restraint. Members would be censured for gross indiscretions and personal attacks, to the point of removal from the house (and executive cabinet if the offender is a senior cabinet minister) upon the complete authority of the Speaker. The President will also have judicial authority within the house and can remove the Speaker should he or she prove to be acting in a biased or deliberately ineffectual manner. The same measure of decorum and professionalism would be expected in the upper house, administered by the duly elected Speaker of the Canadian Senate, who shall also be supported and/or reprimanded when necessary by the President with the same measure of authority. With respect to bills introduced into the House of Commons, so-called omnibus bills shall no longer be permitted where the legislation crosses jurisdictional boundaries as relates to the aforementioned cabinet portfolios. In other words, a budget bill may not contain legislative changes affecting the environment, transportation, justice, the military, customs, cultural or First Nations aspects etc. Legislative changes to each area of jurisdiction shall be introduced as bills independently and judged solely on the direct changes sought in the jurisdiction. Although this may seem to be a potential roadblock with respect to timely passage, the reality is that the more simple, transparent, logical and equitable the bill is the faster it will pass through all levels of the approval process. Any sitting member, including Cabinet Ministers and the Prime Minister, regardless of party affiliation, may submit bills of any kind to the lower House. The President, as noted previously, may also introduce bills under the same guidelines and restrictions. All bills must go through the same procedures with the exception of those introduced by the President. Bills submitted by the President shall be discussed in, and amendments recommended by, the lower House which would then submit the bill(s) for approval to the upper House. Procedurally this stage shall be the same as with other bills and as such they may be passed as is or returned to the lower House with additional recommendations to be voted on or further amended. Once passed through both Houses the President would then have the authority to sign or rescind the bill n the event that he or she feels it no longer represents his or her original intention. In matters of national defence the President can act with a certain measure of autonomy, and would bear the ultimate responsibility of coordinating the actions of the various branches of the Canadian Armed Forces in all major actions. In order to participate in international peacekeeping emergencies, the President would have budgetary authority during a time of actual emergency solely over the activities of said peacekeeping forces. In cases of domestic threat, either internal or external, the President can initiate an immediate military response without consultation or budgetary constraint, but would be required to meet with the
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

Executive Cabinet within twenty-four hours of such an action as a means of determining further courses of action up to and including a declaration of war which would require passage through both Houses. All other military appropriations, including long-term peacekeeping operations, would be under the discretion of the combined efforts of the ministers of defence and finance in consultation with the Prime Minister and the President. As noted previously, an actual declaration of war would still require bill passage through the lower and upper Houses of Parliament, although the bill for said action could be introduced by the President as well as by a sitting member of the house. Such a bill would require an emergency sitting of the house with all members present without exception. 1.3 Provincial Electoral and Governmental Change Provincial electoral reform would be undertaken in a similar fashion to that at the Federal level as follows: A. Provincial Elections shall be held every four years with the date being established permanently as the last Monday in June, exactly one year following a National Federal Election. Campaigning shall cease at noon on the prior Friday and no polls or other related items shall be produced by the media in the intervening time between the conclusion of the election campaign and the voting process. Each Legislature shall be dissolved effective the final Friday in April during an election year. All provincial candidates, including house leaders and nominees for Lieutenant Governor, shall be duly nominated at least three weeks prior to the dissolution of the legislature, however each party can call its own leadership convention at any time of its choosing prior to that in the event that a house leader decides to step down or the party in question moves of its own accord. By individual ballot, the national election proceedings shall result in the direct election of: Lieutenant Governor By collective ballot based on percentages and a list format, the national election proceedings shall result in the election: Members of the Legislative Assembly B. Registered provincial parties are to nominate a candidate as house leader who, upon successful election to the Legislative Assembly within his or her individual riding and
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

by way of party majority status, will assume the role of Premier and head of the legislative branch of the province. In the event that a clear majority is not achieved by a single party the party with the greatest number of elected seats in the Legislative Assembly shall form the Government under minority status. In each case the house leader from the party with the second highest representation shall be designated as Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly. C. Registered Provincial parties are required to nominate a candidate for the position of Lieutenant Governor who shall, upon successful election by majority, assume the role of head of state for the province he or she was elected to represent. In addition to the role of Head of State for the province, said individual shall bear such powers as to submit for approval by the Legislative Assembly the individual duly elected parliamentary ministers from the successful governing party for the offices of: 1. Minister of Finance 2. Minister of International and Intergovernmental Affairs 3. Minister of Justice 4. Minister of Provincial Health and Welfare 5. Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure 6. Minister of Education and Human Resources Development 7. Minister of the Environment 8. Minister of Agriculture 9. Minister of Industry In addition to the Premier, the above collective group of ministers shall form the Executive Cabinet for each province in Canada. All remaining governmental departments shall be incorporated logically into the above collective with sub or secondary ministers being assigned by the Lieutenant Governor, Premier and the Executive Cabinet based on experience, regional needs and other priority factors unique to each individual office. Registered Provincial parties are to produce a slate of nominations for the position of Member of the Legislative Assembly as designated by Elections Canada. Candidates shall be required to have resided within the riding boundaries for a period of no less than one year. Term in office shall be four years, with a maximum of three terms, not necessarily consecutive. The position of Speaker shall be chosen from the elected Members by private vote within the chamber upon first sitting. Riding boundaries for the Legislative Assembly will be established based on population
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

Section 2: General Policy Statement

Beyond the recommendations for the restructuring of the federal and provincial governments, this paper puts forward other matters of national policy that, for the moment, remain open for debate and interpretation. Further aspects shall emerge as new issues come to prominence and require commentary and a firm stance. 2.1 Crown Corporations and government involvement in private enterprise. The federal and provincial governments are just that: governments. They should not and shall not be in business in any form. A. All business entities owned in their entirety by the Government of Canada shall be sold to viable existing private interests, including the possibility of a corporate IPO, within four years of the assumption of the constitutional principles of the Constitutional Party with the mandate that the companies continue to exist and operate as independent companies or wholly owned subsidiaries of their new owners for a period of no less than five years. Restructuring and integration into private enterprise cannot result in existing employee reductions in excess of 10% during the first year, and such assurances would be required as part of the divestiture with financial penalties levied for violation of said agreement(s). B. For all business entities where the Government of Canada currently maintains a partial ownership share the stock shall automatically be sold at such time as three successive quarters produce positive declared dividends, rendering the business case for governmental involvement null and void. C. The Government of Canada shall cease in the formation of Government owned corporations but may be permitted to, in times of economic necessity, temporarily assume partial ownership of existing Canadian businesses as means of ensuring continued survival where the negative implications of a complete business failure would be anticipated to be catastrophic. The mandate of the Government in such cases shall be to return the entity to viability and to divest itself of its shares at the earliest possible time using the same guidelines as in section 2.1.B above. D. The government shall firmly establish a permanent grant and incentive structure designed to encourage and perpetuate the basic fundamentals of private enterprise. Modest grants shall be made available to small enterprises through direct financial contributions, tax reductions for the businesses themselves as well as immediate tax incentives for those individuals and companies providing venture capital. A reinvesting in the BDC and other official arms of the
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

government should be revised to encourage development of small to medium sized businesses, the backbone of the nations economy. Direct financial contributions to large corporations shall not be considered acceptable under any circumstances without the passage of legislation through normal channels under the guidelines of section 2.1.B above. E. As a means of protecting shareholders, executive salaries and bonuses for large corporate entities shall be directly tied to the profitability of the corporations with a standardized series of guidelines to be implemented to enforce said requirements. This shall be done to ensure the viability of such corporations by preventing a small number of individuals from being rewarded while losses are incurred by shareholders. In other words, companies may not be permitted to pay bonuses to executive and board members while declaring a loss to shareholders and the CRA. Such activities shall be deemed criminal and will be prosecuted accordingly. F. Natural resources that are obtained, processed, and/or refined on Canadian soil shall be required to be sold to Canadians under a cost-plus format as opposed to prices established on world markets. All materials produced for export shall be priced according to international indices as is currently done. For example, oil that is produced and refined into gasoline shall be sold at a to be determined gross margin above cost to ensure viability of the company producing the fuel while also allowing Canadians to benefit from the vast natural resources available to them without being gouged by the existing sale structures. That same organization would be completely free to sell its products outside Canadian borders at world market rates or higher if the market allows. G. Manufactured items produced for public service procurement, including military expenditures, shall be provided under the same cost-plus format as will be in place for natural resources as noted in section 2.1.F. A full public audit shall be undertaken for all contracts issued for said procurements and the executives of all supplying corporations shall be able to be held responsible for any deviation from this propriety. 2.2 Universality of Health Care. Universal health care is fundamental and guaranteed. A. Access to excellent health care is the universal right of all Canadian citizens. Care shall be equal and of the highest calibre with no individual able to buy his or her way to the front of the queue within our borders. Those who choose to seek preferential treatment outside Canada shall be permitted to do so, but shall not be eligible to recoup any of the monies spent on such

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

endeavours under the Canada Health Act or through personal income tax deductions where the same treatment is available in Canada. B. In order to provide proper health care, each province and territory shall operate under the guidelines of the National Health Act and receive funds based according to population, with adequate acknowledgement of regional cost disparities and other mitigating factors. C. Canadian citizens working abroad but maintaining residence in Canada a minimum of 75% of each calendar year shall be eligible for complete coverage. Canadian residents living abroad in excess of 75% of a calendar year shall relinquish coverage and be responsible for all medical costs, even those incurred during visits to Canada. Those whose residency period is between these to points shall be eligible for coverage proportionate to their time of residency in Canada in the calendar year during which the treatment becomes necessary. D. Costs shall not be fully covered for the treatment of wilfully self-inflicted health situations due to the deliberate and long-term use of chemical substances (tobacco, alcohol, mind-altering non-prescription drugs) or the undertaking of risky physical activities without proper preparation, safety equipment and/or training. For example, a chronic alcoholic who adamantly refuses treatment shall become financially responsible for all other health issues which develop as a direct result of alcoholism (cirrhosis, liver and/or renal failure etc.). A smoker who refuses to quit shall assume the financial as well as the health risks associated with long-term tobacco use. Additionally, cosmetic surgical procedures required due to the occurrence of a traumatic event, due to genetic factors, or deemed medically necessary shall be fully covered while those performed merely for the aesthetic pleasure of the individual undergoing the procedure shall not. Trans-gender procedures would be eligible for partial coverage under specific guidelines and in consultation with medical professionals who deem the procedure to be medically and/or psychologically necessary. 2.3 Universality of Education All Canadians are entitled to equal education, however preferential or elitist systems shall not be supported financially by the government at any level for although the government should not interfere, neither does it have the obligation to fund multi-tiered systems based where restrictions might be placed based upon unsubstantiated criteria.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

A. Access to basic childhood education is the universal right of all Canadian citizens without exception. Private educational institutions may be established at any time, but shall be viewed as for profit enterprises and therefore receive no governmental funding assistance whatsoever with all costs being absorbed by those choosing to enrol their children in such institutions. Private donations to such institutions shall be eligible for income tax deduction. B. Access to post-secondary education shall be subsidized to a level equivalent to 100% of anticipated costs including instructional fees, facility fees, books and materials and all other historically recognized costs at institutions within Canada for a minimum two years in a diploma or certificate program. Four year degree programs would also be fully subsidized with 80% funding being provided for the fifth year of any undergraduate degree programs requiring such a time period. Students wishing to complete programs while maintaining employment shall be entitled to the same subsidization for as long as they remain in full time study with a passing grade point average regardless of the time required to complete the program. Post-graduate studies would be undertaken at the expense of the individual. All such institutions shall submit complete financial records for approval annually. All remaining costs, including housing, travel and relocation, will be the responsibility of the individual student. Institutions can at any time opt out of a nationally established funding program at which time they may determine tuition and all other costs independently. Such institutions, being private in nature, shall cease receiving federal education funding entirely in addition to tax exempt status and shall instead be viewed as for profit institutions. Individuals electing to attend private universities will not be eligible for any federal subsidies. C. The government shall provide no subsidisation for attendance at a post- secondary institution not on Canadian soil unless the program of study is not available at an institution within national borders while in a field considered to be employable in Canada. Guidelines shall be imposed similar to those for domestic studies. Students undertaking such education outside the borders of Canada would be expected to return for a minimum period of four years or assume liability for 50% of the subsidized costs associated with their education. D. Students who complete their education within Canada and choose to obtain employment outside Canada within four years of the conclusion of said education shall be required to repay an amount equal to 50% of the
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

subsidized costs associated with their education through a government sponsored student loan program. E. Attendance at Canadian post secondary institutions by foreign students shall not be subsidized in any form by the government of Canada with all expenses being the responsibility of the individual student(s). 2.4 Transportation and infrastructure Transportation of goods and people is essential to the success of the nation as a whole, and new methods must be explored to facilitate efficiency, convenience and economic viability. Mass transportation shall be expanded and new technologies utilized in all sectors. A. Mass transportation must be examined as a viable means of handling passenger needs in Canadas largest urban centres. Rural civic and inter-city commuter rail systems along the model of Ontarios GO Transit must be explored in other communities notably between Calgary and Edmonton, Saskatoon and Regina, the southwest Ontario corridor between Windsor and the Greater Toronto Area, Ottawa and Montreal, Montreal and Quebec City, and the B.C. lower mainland region. Other communities will follow suit. B. Airport construction must be approached with a view to accommodating traffic and aircraft capacities anticipated twenty-five years beyond the planned date of completion. C. Highway and municipal roadway construction must be planned and implemented along the same guidelines anticipating a worst-case-scenario level of growth over a period of no less than thirty-five years. The federal government should support financial needs for these projects, but only after mass transit solutions prove to be inadequate or impractical for a particular geographic region. 2.5 Official languages Canada has always had two official languages, French and English, and neither shall be promoted at the expense of the inherent rights of those speaking the other. A. Founded by the amalgamation of predominantly French and English speaking cultures, Canada is and always has been a bi-lingual country. As such, all citizens of the country shall be afforded the right to live, conduct business, meet and enjoy leisure time in either of these two languages in all areas of the nation without exception. All provinces in the country must provide public services in both official languages as required by the individual citizens
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

at all times. This right shall not be abused, and short term instances where such services are not available on a temporary basis will not be seen as an opportunity for self-serving litigation against the public good and its duly appointed governments at any level. B. All provinces within Canada shall permit the use of both French and English in all aspects of life and cannot under any circumstances restrict the use of verbal or written communication in either official language. Signage, written documentation, public addresses, electronic or telecommunication and any other form of communication shall be able to be presented in the language of choice of the person or body creating such media. Produce labeling shall continue to be required to be in both official languages. C. Languages other than French and English are permissible under the same essential rights, however there shall not be any requirement of the government to provide services in anything other than the two official languages at any level. The ability to provide such offerings shall be the decision of the respective branch as a courtesy to those who may be better served in their native languages, and shall be fully supported by each level of government without limitations. 2.6 The Environment The environment must be preserved and cared for in a responsible manner for future generations while at the same time not standing in the way of progress for vague and indeterminate reasons. New and emerging technologies can and will be the source of new revenues and yet aid in the protection of the planet on which we live. A. Environmental contamination will be dealt with swiftly and harshly where there is obvious negligence and/or wilful ignorance of (turning a blind eye or attempting to conceal) environmental damage being done by individuals, companies or organizations in any sector of the economy from mining to petrochemical production, land overdevelopment to agricultural abuses. Penalties shall not be limited to the companies, and executives of all levels shall be able to be held criminally liable in cases where it is demonstrated that there has been deliberate inaction to prevent and/or deliberate action to hide the destruction of any aspect of the environment. B. An aggressive stance would be taken to investigate a move to alternative fuels, notably wind and solar for the production of electricity. As a method of promoting environmental responsibility, the government would support and sanction new technologies which enable less expensive and environmentally damaging production of electricity.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

C. Strict guidelines are to be established and implemented for the production of fossil fuel emissions. Personal transportation vehicle development shall go hand in hand with a move away from the internal combustion gasoline engine. D. Mass transportation technologies shall be viewed favourably and supported financially by the federal government where possible. Magnetic levitation trains, natural gas fired locomotives, hydrogen propulsion and wind/water generated electricity shall be sought and put forward with carbon emissions being penalized through a gradually phased in series of graded fines that will increase with the passage of time. In other words, create both positive and negative incentives for various industries to move away from fossil fuel consumption. E. Promote technological diversity in manufacturing. If Canada moves its manufacturing base toward high technology, sciences and other aspects of consumer consumption it might also reduce the economic dependence of our financial and equity markets on natural commodities and mining. By becoming an exporter of technology and intellectual properties our financial systems stabilize by way of environmental stewardship and a move away from manufacturing processes that involve drilling for oil. F. Integrate recycling and manufacturing through the promotion of products that utilize recycled and remanufactured materials. Provide research and development subsidies to individuals and companies working on developing new uses for waste materials. 2.7 Trade. Trade shall be promoted and supported on all fronts within the North American economy. A. All tariffs shall be removed on any items manufactured within the North American continent. Continue with existing duties on items fully manufactured outside the North American continent, but eliminate the duties for those manufactured products where greater then 60% of the materials originate in North America as duties for the foreign materials shall have already been extracted upon their import into Canada. B. Move toward a unified currency system in North America as a concerted effort to reduce the impact of fluctuating currency markets on overseas and continental trade by creating a stronger economic base for the entire North American continent.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

2.8 National Revenue and Taxation. Canada must search for alternative sources of revenue from outside our borders while redirecting efforts in new ways from within. A. With respect to the national Goods and Services Tax the agenda is simple: eliminate the existing system over a two to three year period. In time, a new national sales tax system shall be implemented as a means of reducing the dependence on personal income taxes as that system is overhauled in an effort to eliminate excessive tax breaks for the wealthiest while allowing for those tax breaks to continue where they support health, education and cultural or athletic endeavours. The ultimate long term goal would be to replace personal income taxes with a national sales tax with a rebate system established based upon family and/or individual income. B. The federal and provincial income tax systems require complete immediate overhauls to streamline them and eliminate costs and redundancies. Excessive costs shall be addressed and, in eliminating them, likely also eliminate the need for additional revenues to cover its own activities. C. TAs stated above, the ultimate long-term goal of the Canada Revenue Agency should be one of reducing the dependence of the government on personal taxes and instead on resource royalties, corporate income taxes and other methods such as a more balanced national sales/consumption tax. Income tax should remain in place for the moment, however, as a fundamental equalizer within society by relying on the more prosperous citizens to aid in providing for those less fortunate. Tax breaks shall be implemented for those who need it the most, the low income Canadians supporting a family. D. Immediately encourage private home ownership through allowing the deduction of mortgage interest payments in the calculation of personal income tax with the principal amount being viewed as equivalent to a rent payment and therefore a necessary part of providing a home for oneself and ones family. E. A permanent deduction shall be implemented for those choosing to upgrade their place of residence through energy efficiency means such as solar power, insulation and other recognized and accepted means. F. Private citizens shall continue to be permitted to donate to registered charities and claim these donations on their income taxes with no ceiling. Such receiving entities shall be required to be federally registered for such purposes so as to provide transparency for the process. Donations to the arts, medically based charities, amateur athletics and religious organizations shall all be eligible to receive funds.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

G. Continued promotion of the registered retirement plan and registered education plan, encouraging Canadians to maximize their ability to contribute to the long term financial health of themselves and their families. 2.9 Aboriginal Rights. Always respectful of individual rights, the government shall further empower Canadas aboriginal people while requiring accountability and responsibility in kind. A. All First Nations peoples who identify themselves as such shall be entitled to a reasonable form of self-government. It shall be recommended that all first nations be operated in a unified system nationwide to ensure that all members are afforded equality and opportunities across the country in such areas as health care, education, employment, transportation, and housing. Members shall be accorded tax exempt status at an individual level provided that the income is earned on private First Nations land, irrespective of the method of earning said monies. Gaming and lottery revenues shall be afforded tax exempt status provided they are operated on a not-for-profit basis with all excess proceeds being allocated to a general fund to improve the collective peoples by improving infrastructure, access to basic amenities such as health care and other benefits. Direct distribution of funds to private individuals in any manner shall not be deemed as an acceptable method of handling surplus revenues. An independent ombudsman shall be appointed to ensure transparent distribution and allocation of said monies. B. All First Nations in Canada shall establish an independent law enforcement system at either a local/regional or perhaps a national level, funded through internally generated revenues. A legal system shall be instituted to prosecute offenders similar to the Canadian Criminal Justice system. Those convicted of offensives through due legal process shall be eligible to be transferred to Canadian penal facilities at the request of the First Nations. Should the First Nations people choose to do so they may construct and operate independent penal facilities for such purposes, all the while maintaining basic fundamental rights as outlined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. C. First Nations individuals choosing to live outside the legally established properties of said First Nations shall be able to do so at any time and may return to First Nations residency at any time. During such times of non-First Nations residency they shall be required to file individual income tax returns and pay taxes as per the same guidelines as all other Canadian citizens, however, all donations to First Nations service organizations (cultural,
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

athletic or otherwise) by such individuals shall be fully tax deductible with no ceiling. D. Non-First Nations individuals may be eligible to obtain legal First Nations status in the event of a matrimonial bond to a First Nations resident providing that the union lasts for a period of no less than three years. After this period a person may retain status in the event of the dissolution of the marriage at the discretion of the respective First Nations government. 2.10 Bureaucratic excess and service redundancy. The Party shall bring an end to excesses in government. A. As mentioned above with respect to the revenue agency, all governmental departments shall be scrutinized for excessive redundancy. All departments would be forced to provide full public accounting annually. B. The government would cease to be involved in providing direct endowments to the arts (see section 2.12). It is hoped that by encouraging private citizens and businesses to donate through tax deductions that private enterprise and patrons shall be able to assume the responsibility of such activities. 2.11 Immigration. People wishing to become citizens of Canada are free to do so within the limits of the law and with the understanding that they are choosing to become part of the fabric of our nation, and that doing so implies non-criminality and a willingness to understand what is unique about our nation. A. Immigration shall continue to be encouraged from all communities within the world without prejudice. As is currently in place, all individuals applying for residency and citizenship shall undergo rigorous screening and those with criminal backgrounds need not apply. B. Immigrating individuals must be made to understand the realities of their taking up residency in this country and both the rights and responsibilities inherent with living as a citizen of this great nation. While Canada will always be a tolerant and forgiving society, and while Canadians are always entitled to voice opinions, cultural differences are not automatically enshrined within the framework of our constitution. All Canadians have the right to respectful assembly, to vote and to be judged equally under the law as individuals with
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

no prejudice accorded based on ethnicity and/or religious beliefs, gender, physical limitations, mental limitations, age, or sexual orientation. However, there shall be a consistent separation between the best interests of the nation and said cultural differences. In order to maintain fair and equitable treatment, such differences are not automatically enshrined when they conflict with the founding principles of this nation and the welfare of the nation as a whole. C. While being respectful of cultural differences, those who attempt to extort preferential treatment before the law or for personal benefit when utilizing social institutions such as education and health-care or for personal disagreements regarding employment guidelines and standards shall not be permitted to receive such treatment. Uniform dress standards for the military, law enforcement and emergency services shall not be required to accommodate personal choices and requests for said allowances, although the respective organizations may do so at any time at their own discretion. D. Those who immigrate to Canada for the purposes of conducting illicit and or illegal activities shall, upon conviction at the conclusion of due legal process and completion of two thirds of their sentences, be removed permanently from our shores and returned to their countries of origin with no possibility of return under any circumstances. This shall be done for the public good both from a safety standpoint and from an economic stance as this will eliminate the costs associated with long-term incarceration and rehabilitation. 2.12 Athletics, Culture and the Arts. It is the position of the Party that the government of Canada shall not be involved in either the promotion or inhibition of cultural endeavours, that Canadians are truly multi-cultural and are free to express these differences free of the encumbrances of governmental involvement. A. It is the position of the Party that the federal government of Canada shall not be directly involved in the production or operation of artistic endeavours regardless of the perceived cultural benefit. Cultural expression is an individual choice and neither discouraged nor endorsed by the government of the people at any level. Private enterprise shall be the main source of funding and support for such activities. As a Crown Corporation, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation shall either be sold to private interests (as per section 2.1) or be permitted to cease operation entirely with all archival materials being transferred to appropriate cultural institutions for
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

preservation. The construction of cultural spectator or training facilities shall only involve federal government funding where the owner of said facility is a not for profit organization, governmental branch, or post secondary institution, to a maximum contribution level of 25% of the anticipated cost of construction. Provincial and municipal governments shall be permitted to become involved in for-profit projects to a maximum contribution of 25% of the total estimated costs of construction provided the government also retains a proportional level of ownership of the facility for a period of five years after completion. All remaining funds shall come from the private sector. B. Although the government of Canada shall continue to support and encourage amateur athletics through the sponsorship of national teams and sports through the provision of funding for equipment, travel, facilities and coaching, it shall not be involved in the operation or support of any professional sports activity. The construction of large spectator or training facilities shall only involve federal government funding where the primary tenant of said facility is a national sports team or post secondary institution, to a maximum contribution level of 25% of the anticipated cost of construction. Provincial and municipal governments shall be permitted to become involved in for-profit projects to a maximum contribution of 25% of the total estimated costs of construction provided the government also retains a proportional level of ownership of the facility for a period of five years after completion. All remaining funds shall come from the private sector. C. Private and corporate donations to cultural and athletic organizations shall continue to be permitted and will be strongly encouraged. All contributions shall be eligible for tax deduction without a ceiling. All donations shall be required to be recorded with the CRA for such purposes. Provincial involvement in all above-noted endeavours shall be permitted to whatever levels the individual provinces and territories feel is appropriate, beneficial and viable. 2.13 National Defence Canada shall maintain a strong and well equipped defence force capable of responding to external threats, internal issues and peacekeeping duties at all times the moment a proper trigger requires the activation of said armed forces. A. The government of Canada shall operate an effective system of national defence that promotes and defends the sovereignty of our nation on Canadian soil through
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B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

the maintenance of a practical collective of independently operated national branches of the Canadian Armed Forces including a standing army of ground forces, a national air force, a national naval branch, a coast guard and reserve contingents for all branches. The army shall operate under the guidelines of providing a strong and effective force of ground troops and vehicles capable of responding within 24 hours of an invasion force incursion by a hostile enemy on Canadian soil. The second aspect shall be the operation of an expeditionary force capable of responding within 96 hours to a hostile action outside our borders as part of a long term commitment to NATO and the United Nations. Equipment and vehicles (including air transport) shall be procured and maintained from Canadian suppliers under responsible business practices and development of technology shall be the responsibility of the suppliers. The Air Force shall operate a contingent of aircraft capable of defending Canadian soil from all incursions by hostile forces regardless of the environment. Aircraft shall be developed and produced within Canadian borders, although foreign allied interests shall be allowed to participate in the development of said aircraft through financial contributions. The force shall consist primarily of rapid response fighter aircraft, small short range bombing aircraft and auxiliary aircraft as determined to be needed for the assistance of other branches of the Canadian Armed Forces where separate air contingents are deemed to not be viable. The Canadian Navy shall operate a series of technically advanced vessels capable of responding to incoming naval threats from outside our borders including the ability to launch ship-born fighter aircraft for pre-emptive strike capability where hostile acts are known to be forthcoming. Such a force shall be maintained with a balance of half located in each of our two warmer coasts, and shall be prepared to deploy for international peace-keeping initiatives within 96 hours of such a requirement being identified. All craft shall be capable of operating in our extreme northern climes and icy conditions. A Canadian Coast Guard shall be employed to maintain Canadian Sovereignty on our entire coastline to ensure that our waterways are properly maintained and that, in conjunction with Canada Customs, our immigration, trade and tariff guidelines are enforced. Canada shall remain a strong and committed member of both NATO and NORAD, providing resources as required as a means of providing safety and security to the nation. Participation in United Nations Peacekeeping missions shall continue, most commonly focused on the provision of humanitarian services and security.

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

2.14 Vices and Controlled Substances Although repugnant to some, the time has come to review and repair the national approach to controlled substances and their associated vices as it has been repeatedly demonstrated that prohibition of any kind simply does not work. A. The existing approach to controlled substances such as alcohol and tobacco shall continue with the exception that advertising of controlled substances shall be permitted to continue as there should be no differentiation between the various forms of substance addiction as all are equally harmful. As such, promotion of tobacco products shall be permitted to resume if desired. Age restrictions for tobacco, alcohol and other mind altering substances shall be the same within each province and they shall all be distributed in specially licensed and controlled outlets as decided by each provincial jurisdiction. B. Certain addictive recreational substances (such as marijuana and cocaine for example) shall be considered for possible permission to become marketed substances, sold under similarly controlled conditions to those of tobacco and alcohol products under the supervision of Health Canada. It is hoped that the long term effect of this approach shall be to introduce strict controls over their distribution, and eliminate much of the criminal element while at the same time generating tax revenues sufficient to aid in the treatment of substance abuse and addiction through the channelling of said tax revenues directly to the health care system. Some extremely strong narcotics may continue to remain out of mainstream consumption unless adequate evidence is able to be presented to the health ministry to demonstrate its viability as a safely controlled substance. 2.15 Law Enforcement and Justice Canada survives as a nation under rule of law and it is the fundamental right of all Canadians to life in a safe and secure society. Canadas legal system shall be overhauled to reflect the needs of lawmakers and law enforcement. A. The government of Canada shall maintain an effective system of law enforcement designed to promote a law abiding citizenry, and to punish offenders whose illegal acts violate the rights of all law abiding Canadian citizens from coast to coast. In addition to exemplary support for local law enforcement, the Canadian Mounted Police Force shall continue to provide national law enforcement where required through involvement with anti-terrorist activities, infiltration of criminal organizations and continued investigation of all criminal activities within Canadas borders and territorial interests. Rural Policing shall become the responsibility of the individual provinces and their municipalities, with the Canadian Mounted Police Force being available to be contracted for such endeavours.
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

B. Criminally violated Canadians shall always have the right to perform a citizens arrest within a reasonable time frame, with grounds. Their actions in so doing shall be above reproach and shall not abdicate their responsibility to enact such an arrest in a law abiding manner themselves. C. A national parole system shall be mandated as an effective deterrent for long term criminal activities by encouraging the absolute highest standards of investigation and monitoring for convicted criminals eligible for parole. Parole after a minimum portion of the prescribed sentence shall not be automatic and further incarceration shall be supported where there is the slightest doubt that a criminal is not capable of functioning in a law abiding manner within society. Bail shall also not be automatic and shall be based upon preliminary evidence and the discretion of the magistrate overseeing the hearing. All judicial members shall be reviewed to assess the validity of their judgements on an ongoing basis. D. The inherent rights of Canadians shall always be the paramount concern for all individuals serving within the various aspects of the Canadian legal system. In committing a criminal act an individual is in effect abdicating his or her own rights as a free citizen of this country and shall be treated accordingly. During their periods of incarceration, convicted criminals shall: a. Not be eligible for any form of income, including interest earned from investments while imprisoned. Such monies shall be seized and placed into a national fund for the benefit of victims of crime. Families of convicted criminals shall be seen as victims and therefore eligible for a modest form of assistance where necessity is demonstrated to the satisfaction of a review committee. Payments made to the individual for media promotion, book development etc. shall be handled in a similar manner. After reaching eligibility for parole a convicted criminal shall at that point be permitted to receive monies into family accounts but shall continue to be ineligible to receive funds from any outside interests where the individual would benefit monetarily for the promotion of the criminal activities which led to his or her prison sentence. b. Not be eligible to participate in any form of election at any level during their periods of incarceration. This will include municipal, provincial/territorial and federal elections. c. Be removed from Canadian soil permanently after the conclusion of two thirds of their sentences where they are residents of another country and have resided within Canada for a period of less than two years. The remaining portions of their sentences shall be the responsibility of their
Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.

homelands and shall be handled as seen fit by those countries, including the possibility that they may be released. Irrespective of this outcome, their expulsion from Canada shall be permanent and they will not be permitted back on Canadian soil under any circumstances as outlined in section 2.11.D.

Copyright 2009 Darcy Fraser. No materials contained herein may be reproduced without the prior express written consent of the Constitutional Party of Canada.