Timeline of PhilippineAmerican War August

February * February 4 - PhilippineAmerican War begins * February-5 - First and largest battle of the Philippine-American War: Battle of Manila; Americans drive Filipino army out of Manila

June * June 5 - Filipino Generel Antonio Luna assassinated by Aguinaldo's men

1898 May

* August 12 - Armistice ends Spanish-American War

* August 14 - U.S. sends 10,000 * May 1 - First battle of the troops to occupy the Philippines Spanish-American War: Admiral George Dewey destroys the Spanish September fleet at Battle of Manila Bay. * September 15 - Philippine * May 19 - Emilio Aguinaldo assembly ratifies Malolos returns to the Philippines from exile constitution, establishing Philippine in Hong Kong where he had been Republic as an independent state since the failure of the Katipunan revolt of 1892-1896 October June * June 12 - Having defeated most of the Spanish forces on land and having surrounded Manila, General Aguinaldo signs the Philippine Declaration of Independence and becomes first president of the Philippines. * October 1 - Paris Peace Conference begins - U.S. President William McKinley instructs William Day to not annex all the Philippines, only Luzon, Guam, Puerto Rico

* October 24 - McKinley comes to a decision during the night. He woke up and received an answer from God - there was "nothing left for us * June 15 - Anti-imperialist league to do but to take them all, to formed to fight U.S. annexation of educate the Filipinos, and uplift and the Philippines and other insular Christianize them. And then I went areas, citing a variety of legal, to bed, and went to sleep, and slept economic, moral and racist reasons. soundly," * June 20-21 - Battle of Guam; * October 28 - McKinley cables U.S. takes possession of Guam from new instructions to Paris delegation: Spain "the cession must be of the whole archipelago or none" July December * July 3 - Battle of Santiago de Cuba; U.S. destruction of Spanish * December 10 - Final Treaty of Pascual Cervera y Topete's fleet Paris signed by Spain and U.S; U.S. pays Spain US$20 million for * July 4 - U.S. takes possession of possession of Guam, Puerto Rico Wake Island from Spain and The Philippines. * July 16 - Santiago de Cuba, Cuba 1899 falls to U.S. January * July 25 - U.S. takes possession of Puerto Rico from Spain * January 23- Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First * July 25 - August 13 - Last battle Philippine Republic. of Spanish-American War: U.S. and Philippine troops defeat Spanish troops in Battle of Manila

* June 13 - Battle of Zapote Bridge - On Luzon, Lawton's American forces rout a larger Philippine force under General Maximo Hizon, and * February 6 - U.S. Senate votes to inflict heavy casualties on the ratify Treaty of Paris 57-27 (2/3 plus enemy in 2nd largest battle of the one) with only 2 Republicans Philippine-American War. opposed: George Hoar of Massachusetts and Eugene Hale of November Maine * - Boxer Rebellion in China begins March * November 11 - Battle of San Jacinto - U.S. General Loyd Wheaton * March 31 - American forces drives Filipinos out of San Jacinto. captures Malolos, capital of the Luzon. Philippine Republic on Luzon, driving December out Aguinaldo and his government * December 2 - Battle of Tirad April Pass - On Luzon, 60 Filipino patriots under General del Pilar fight off an * April 9-April 10 - Battle of Santa attack of 500 U.S. Infantry for 5 Cruz (1899) - U.S. General Henry W. hours, before nearly all Filipinos are Lawton captures Filipino stronghold killed, including del Pilar. of Santa Cruz and pushes into Laguna province on Luzon * December 19 - Battle of Paye On Luzon, Filipine General Licerio * April 11, 1899 - Battle of Geronimo routs an American Pagsanjan - American sharpshooters brigade under General Lawton, in skirmish with Filipinos outside of which Lawton is killed. Pagsanjan, succeeding in driving them out. General Lawton's troops 1900 take Pagsanjan in the second action of the Laguna Campaign. April * April 12, 1899 - Battle of Paete General Lawton's forces disperse Filipinos blocking rout to Paete in stiff fight. Paete taken by the Americans. Last action of the Laguna Campaign. * April 23 - Battle of Quingua Philippine General Gregorio del Pilar stops American cavalry scouts on Luzon, but is then routed after an artillery bombardment and infantry ground assault. * April 15 - Siege of Catubig Filipino guerrillas launch a surprise attack against a detachment of American soldiers, and, after a fourday siege, force them to evacuate the town of Catubig on Samar. May * - General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. replaces General Elwell Stephen Otis as military governor (until July 1901), and William Howard Taft arrived as civil governor of "our little brown brothers" (Governor-General of the Philippines) (until 1904)

June * - General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. proclaims 90 day amnesty and offers 30 pesos per rifle. The amnesty pledges "complete immunity for the past and liberty for the future." The results of the amnesty were disappointing. It is suspected that many of the natives surrendering were opportunists collecting bounty for obsolete weapons.[1] * June 4 - Battle of Macahambus On Macahambus Gorge in Cagayan de Misamis, Northern Mindanao (present day Cagayan de Oro), Filipinos rout an Americans regiment and inflict heavy casualties, but take less than 5 casualties of their own.

1901 March * March 23 - American General Fred Funston directs capture of Emilio Aguinaldo at his Palanan camp with the help of Macabebe scouts - Emilio Aguinaldo swears allegiance to the U.S. and asks his followers to surrender, but resistance remains strong.

1902 January * January 31 - Lodge Committee begins. Senator George Frisbie Hoar pushes Congressional investigation into the conduct of the war by the standing Committee on the Philippines headed by Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. Testimony by American soldiers portrays routine brutality, torture.

1903 * guerrilla war continues * December 23 - William Howard Taft, Governor-General of the Philippines negotiates with Pope Leo XIII. The United States buys Filipino Dominican friar lands for $7.2 million and resold to Filipinos, mostly to absentee landlords. 1904 * guerrilla war continues * - Massacre at Dolores - On Samar, 47 Philippine Constabulary Scouts ambushed by 1000 pulajans and nearly all killed. 1906 * guerrilla war continues * March 5-March 7 - First Battle of Bud Dajo - One-thousand Moros fortify themselves in an extinct volcanic crater on Mindanao and battle a large number of American soldiers, before virtually all Moros Scouts killed. 1907-1912 * guerrilla war continues

* - Lonoy Massacre - In a reverse ambush, U.S. Infantryman launch a February surprise attack on Bohol natives and kill over 400. * February 17 - Filipino General Vicente Lukban captured on Samar. May Resistance continues in the Samar interior. September * May 27 - First Supreme Court rulings in the Insular Cases. The March * September 13 - Battle of Pulang Supreme Court rules that colonies Lupa - On Makahambus, Filipino are constitutional and that U.S. * March 2 - Court-martial of U.S. resistance fighters under Colonel constitutional rights need not apply Marine Major Littleton Waller Maximo Abad ambush 55 American to colonial peoples. begins for the January execution of Soldiers, killing, wounding, or 11 mutinous porters on Samar. capturing all of them. Court votes 11-2 for acquittal * September 17 - Battle of September Mabitac Filipino forces outmaneuver and route American forces on Luzon. * September 28 - Balangiga Massacre - Over 50 Americans are November killed in an ambush on Samar in the most infamous incident of the war. * November 2 - William McKinley Gen. Jake "Howling Wilderness" defeats Democrat William Jennings Smith orders retaliation against the Bryan in the presidential election. Samar civilian population Bryan was hurt by Aguinaldo's endorsement of the Democratic December party. Albert Beveridge, the freshman senator from Indiana, * December 7 - American General emerged during the campaign as the J. Franklin Bell begins concentration "golden orator" of Republican camp policy in Batangas on Luzon imperialism, debating Senator everything outside the "dead lines" George Frisbie Hoar, using his tour was systematically destroyed-of the Philippines to claim direct humans, crops, domestic animals, knowledge of the war, holding out a houses, and boats. A similar policy golden nugget from the islands to had been initiated on the island of prove its potential wealth: "I was Marinduque some months before. there." The American Anti-imperialist press argues this policy is similar to the reconcentrado policy of Spanish General Valeriano Weyler in Cuba and British General Horatio Kitchener in the Second Boer War in South Africa. April * Philippine General Miguel Malvar surrenders in Luzon, followed by 3,000 of his men. Last Filipino general to surrender in the war. May

1913 * Court-martial of U.S. General Jacob H. Smith for ordering killing of * United States promises eventual all males over 10 years of age on Philippine independence. Samar; convicted; verbally admonished; sent back to U.S; * Moro rebellion phase of the war retired from service. ends. June * June 28 - Lodge Committee adjourns without taking any action July * July 4 - President Theodore Roosevelt declares the war ended * Philippine-American War ends.