DX802DGen2FactorialP2.docxRev.

5/28/10

GeneralFactorialTutorial (Part2MakingFactorsNumeric)
ContinuedACaseStudyonBatteryLife
Inthepreceding,GeneralFactorialTutorialPart1,youtreatedallfactors categorically.ThemainpurposeofPart2ofthistutorialistoillustratesomeofthe functionsbuiltintoDesignExpertthatcanbeusedtomakeeffectsgraphsbetterfit thetypeofdataweredealingwith,inadditiontomakingtheresultseasierto interpretandunderstand.(WevealreadysaidthatMontgomerysclassicbattery experimentcouldhavebeenhandledbyusingtheResponseSurfacetabin DesignExpertsoftwareandconstructingaonefactordesignontemperature, withtheadditionofonecategoricalfactoratthreelevelsforthematerialtype. Neverfear,wellcoverresponsesurfacemethodslikethisfromthegrounduplater intheResponseSurfaceTutorials.)ButtodemonstratetheflexibilityofDesign Expert,letsseehowyoucanmaketheshiftfromcategorictonumericin DesignExpertafterthefact,evenwithinthecontextofageneralfactorialdesign. Togetstarted,letsreopenthefilenamedBattery.dxpsavedearlier(ifitisnot alreadyopen).Then,clicktheDesignnodeforthebatterydatafromPartOne.

ChangingaFactorfromCategorictoNumeric
PlaceyourcursorontheB:Temperaturefactorcolumnheading,rightclick,and moveyourcursortoMake NumericandthenContinuous Numeric.(The discreteoptioncouldalsoworkinthiscase.Itworkswellfornumericfactors thatforconveniencesakemustbesetatspecificlevels.Forexample,imaginethat thetestingchamberforthebatterieshasonlythreesettings15,70and125.)

Optionsforeditingafactor Thesoftwarepopsupawarningnottodothisifthefactorreallyiscategorical.To acknowledgeitandmoveon,clicktheOK buttonbelowmessage.

ReAnalyzingtheResults
Toreanalyzeyourdata,clicktheanalysisnodelabeledLife.ThenclicktheModel button.Whenyoudesignatedafactorbeingnumeric,DesignExpertautomatically
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shiftedtofittingapolynomial,suchasthoseusedforresponsesurfacemethods.To modelpossiblenonlinearityoftheresponseasafunctiontemperature(factorB), doubleclicktheAB2 term,orviaarightclickandaddittotheModelasshown below.(Squaredtermscapturecurvature.)

Modelselectionscreen ClicktheANOVAbutton.Youwillgetawarningabouthierarchy.

Hierarchywarning Thiswarningarisesbecauseyouchoseahigherordertermwithoutsupportby parentterms,inthiscase:ABandB2.ClickYesandmoveon.(Fordetails,search outthetopiconModelHierarchyCheckintheHelpSystem.) TheANOVAreportnowdisplaysintheview(annotatedornot)thatyouusedlast. BycomparingthisoutputwiththeANOVAdoneinPartOne,observethatthelines forthemodelandresidualcomeoutthesame,butthetermsinvolvingBdiffer.In PartOnewetreatedfactorB(temperature)categorically,althoughinanordinal manner.Nowthatthisfactorisrecognizedexplicitlyasnumeric,whatwasthe effectofBisnowbrokendowntotwomodeltermsBandB2,andABbecomesAB plusAB2.

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DX802DGen2FactorialP2.docxRev.5/28/10

ANOVAoutput Thewholepurposeofthisexerciseistomakeabetterlookingeffectsgraph.Lets seewhatthislookslikebyclickingtheModel Graphsbutton.Gotothefloating Factors Tool,rightclickB(Temperature)andchangeittotheX1 Axis.

ViewingtheinteractionwithtemperatureonXaxis YounowhaveaplotcharacterizingthedatafromPartOneofthisongoingcase study,exceptthattheabovelinesarenowcontinuouswithtemperature,whereas inPartOnetheyweredisplayedasdiscrete(categorical)segments.Noticethatthe curvesbytemperature(modeledbyB2)dependonthetypeofmaterial(A).This providesgraphicalverificationofthesignificanceoftheAB2terminthemodel. (Thedottedlinesaretheconfidencebands.Iftheycauseyoumoretroublethan youfeeltheyreworthforconveyingtheuncertaintyinfitting,feelfreetochange GraphPreferencestotaketheseoffthisoptionisprovidedontheXYGraphstab.)

DesignExpert8UsersGuide GeneralFactorialTutorialPart23

Theconclusionsremainthesameasbefore:MaterialA3willmaximizebatterylife withminimumvariationinambienttemperature.However,bytreating temperaturenumerically,predictionscanbemadeatvaluesbetweenthosetested. Ofcourse,thesefindingsaresubjecttoconfirmationtests.

Postscript:DemoofPopoutView
BeforeexitingDesignExpert,givethisatry:View, Pop out View asshownbelow. (NewtoDX8simplyclickPop out ViewonthefloatingGraphsTool.)

PopoutView ThispushesthecurrentgraphoutofitsfixedWindowspaneintoaclonethat floatsaroundonyourscreen.NowontheFactors ToolrightclickonA(Material) andreturnittotheX1 Axis.ThendoanAltTabtobringbackthecloneofthe previousviewbackonyourcurrentwindow.

Twowaysofviewingthebatteryliferesults
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DX802DGen2FactorialP2.docxRev.5/28/10

YoucanpresentDesignExpertoutputsbothwaysforyouraudience: CurvesforeachmaterialasafunctionoftemperatureontheX1axis,or TwotemperaturelinesconnectedtothethreediscretematerialsasX1.

Anotherwaytocapturealternativegraphsistocopyandpastethemintoaword processor,spreadsheet,orpresentationprogram.Thenyoucanaddannotations andexplanationsforreportingpurposes.

DesignExpert8UsersGuide

GeneralFactorialTutorialPart25