Social Studies Review

Megan Xu and Keva Li COPIED from Ms. Mastrande

Before scientists believe the first inhabitants arrived in North America by way of Bering Land Bridge ***possible bonus question*** Colonization British colonies founded in the New World colony founded by Captain John Smith- Virginia (first Jamestown) ***possible bonus question*** Reasons: religious freed, economic opportunity Different economies New England; fishing, lumber, ship building, whaling Middle: Breadbasket colonies Southern: Plantation style farming Differences based on climate/geography

Road to American Revolution French and Indian War fought over land west of Appalachians and Ohio River Valley (<furs) British win.....Issue Proclamation of 1763 colonists can not move west of the Appalachians......angry Britain imposes taxes to pay for war Tea Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts No taxation without representation Navigation Acts forbid colonists to trade w/ other countries Boston Massacre 5 colonists killed

Boston Tea Party colonists dressed up as Native Americans and dumped many crates of expensive tea into Boston Harbor Intolerable Acts Punish colonists for dumping tea ***possible bonus question*** Declaration of Independence Preamble (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness), Natural Rights, British Wrongs, Independence written by Thomas Jefferson

American Revolution Opening battles at Lexington and Concord ***something you should just know, seems like a possible bonus question, but never listed...just know it*** American Advantages know the land George Washington good shots (hunted for food) morale British Advantages better commanders well-trained troops strong navy Turning Point- Saratoga (convinces France to enter war) ***possible bonus question *** End of War- Yorktown Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington famous traitor that turned over West Point- Benedict Arnold ***possible bonus question***

Articles of Confederation weak, weak, weak

No President, no Court, no taxes Shay's Rebellion shows government is a failure groups of farmers rebel, the governor asks the government for troops, and the government can't supply any due to low funds and overall, an inept government

New American Government Great Compromise 3 branches bicameral (2 house) legislature: House of Representatives based on population, Senate 2 votes per state 3/5 Compromise slaves count as 3/5 of a person (for the purpose of representation) 3 branches executive, legislative, judicial Checks and Balances each branch can check/control the others

Federalists Vs. Anti-federalists Federalists leader- Alexander Hamilton ***possible bonus question*** Pro-British Favored manufacturing/trade wanted a National Bank Favored tariffs Believed federal government should be more powerful than states Anti-federalists leader- Jefferson Pro-France Favored farming/agriculture against National Bank

against tariff Believe states should be more powerful than federal government WANT BILL OF RIGHTS

Big Deals Marbury vs. Madison Established Judicial Review: the right of the Supreme Court yo review a law and declare it unconstitutional Louisiana Purchase brought from France for $15 million doubled the size of the United States War of 1812 fought over British refusal to leave the Ohio River Valley and impressment littles changes except US is now recognized as a legitimate country and world power increase in nationalism (pride in one's country) Battle of Baltimore- where the US won, origin of "The Star-Spangled Banner" (the national anthem) ***something you should just know, seems like a possible bonus question, but never listed...just know it*** Monroe Doctrine closed Western Hemisphere (North AND South America) to colonization established US further as a world power Erie Canal improved transportation between Albany and Buffalo connected East and West directly impacted New Yorkers, so you should know (teachers love to put on tests) Indian Removal Act South was looking for more land 4,000 Native Americans die along the Trail of Tears, 16,000 Cherokees forced away from their homelands, the to west of the Mississippi River

it was Andrew Jackson's action, he ignored a direct decision from the Supreme Court ruling in favor of the Cherokees, he said, Chief Justice John Marshall made his decision, let him enforce it (or something like that anyway)

Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny- US destined to expand to the Pacific Louisiana Territory purchase from France for $15 million Oregon settlement and agreement with Britain mountain men and missionaries (to convert the Native Americans) first to settle there Texas annexed following Texas independence (don't get confused, we didn't annex from Mexico) War for Texan Independence slogan- REMEMBER THE ALAMO! (Alamo is where Santa Ana killed all remaining soldiers AFTER surrender...merciless killing, no battlefield respect) ***possible bonus question*** California/New Mexico- Mexican Cession following victory of Mexican War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Gadsden Purchase strip of land in Arizona/New Mexico $10 million completed manifest destiny

Reform Era Abolition: Movement to end slavery Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, William Lloyd Garrison

Books, speeches, newspapers, Underground Railroad Harriet Beecher Stowe's book about slavery- Uncle Tom's Cabin ***possible bonus question*** Women's Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony Seneca Falls- 1st Women's Rights Convention Declaration of Sentiments- changed the words of the Declaration of Independence We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal...

Sectionalism sectionalism- being more loyal to your state or region than your country as a whole issues different economies North is industrial/South is agricultural tariffs North favored tariffs to protect industry/South against tariffs b/c of high prices views on slavery many Northerners against slavery/slavery is vital to Southern economy slavery in the West need to keep balance of power (# of free states/slave states)

Slavery Before the Civil War slave codes Southern restrictions on slaves increases in response to move toward abolition gets worse as the war approaches, forbids slaves to congregate, the be literate and for people to teach them to read Underground Railroad

Northerners helps slaves to escape to the North/Canada Fugitive Slave Law requires Northerners to help return fugitive slaves against the law if Northerners don't assist, judges get paid more to find runaway slaves guilty) Missouri Compromise keeps the # of slave and free states equal Compromise of 1850 California/New Mexico free/slave to be decided by popular sovereignty end of slave trade in Washington D.C. Fugitive Slave Law Uncle Tom's Cabin angered Northerners/made them aware of the evil's of slavery ***possible bonus question*** Kansas-Nebraska (a.k.a. Bloody Kansas) territory to be decided by popular sovereignty led to bloodshed between pro- and anti-slavery forces VIOLENCE Dred Scott Case reversed Missouri COmpromise allowed slavery to go ANYWHERE.... Angered Northerners ***possible bonus question*** stated that slaves were property and couldn't file a lawsuit

Civil War opening shots fired- Antietam, Virginia??? ***possible bonus question*** Election of 1860-South believes election is unfair/Lincoln is an abolitionist Strengths of Northerners

manufacturing, railroads, population, money, Lincoln (as leader) Strengths of South Morale, better trained soldiers, knowledge of land bloody battles with high death toll poor medical care spread of disease improvements of technology better cannons cone-shaped bullets Emancipation Proclamation-declared all slaves in rebelling states free incentive for the South of rejoin the Union Draft Riots of 1863 3 days of violence in NYC Northerners angry about draft/Conscription Act Civilian Hardships blockade income taxes inflation famine Gettysburg turning point of the war South will never invade north again Gettysburg Address ***something you should just know, seems like a possible bonus question, but never listed...just know it*** total war Grant's strategy of destroying anything useable in the South (did not target civilians, targeted, possessions) ***possible bonus question***

District Wide Summative Exam

paragraph responses at least 2 detailed examples per response introduce paragraph with a topic sentence include as much relevant detail as possible you may write more than one paragraph if you feel it helps with organization if you are unsure, do not write about it (play it safe)

GOOD LUCK!