Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ItH
>>ttttflfummtu!Hnwyj{
'y^^
Sportsmen and
Military Men.
Hundred Engravings
BY
EDWARD
Late
Assistant
Instructor
S.
FARROW
at
of Tactics
Point,
the
United
States
Military-
Academy,
West
and
Formerly Commanding
Copyright, 1^04,
By
Edward
S.
Farrow
This
is
Book
its
Inscribed by
to
Author
VICTOR SMITH
as
and
a
Memorial of Friendship
239899
PREFACE
WHEN
practically
Mountains of Idaho,
to find in their
many
of v^hich were
unknown.
Upon
inquiring
among
brother
Army
officers
and sports-
men,
Small
Arms and
I set to
To
it
supply the
want
work
and
it
is
hoped that
the interest of
that
Army
the Krag-Jorgensen.
The
volume are
limited to
Arms
of
like
the
Those desiring
to extend
their
study and
Arms
is
Military Ency-
clopedia, a
I
new
edition of
which
now
in preparation.
believe
we
are
now on
war
is
the
struggle of
Every nation
now
strengthening
and never
in the history of
man have
now
in progress.
would be
in
What
gun
of our land.
E. S. F.
New York
City, 1904.
first
early
tury.
French and Italian works seem to indicate the close of the 14th cen-
We
find
ct
curious illustration in
to
an
old
manuscript,
entitled,
is
"Ye game
in
Gonne and
caricature;
How
but
Use
is
It,"
dated 1446.
to
evidently a
it
sufficient
show
shooting
in
We
several records of that century, and by the close of the i6th century the
gun
in-
European countries.
About
1580, an Italian
first
work
forms
us,
practiced;
was not
at all
common.
Since
at
that time
it
make shooting
of
any
light
of
the
part
the
last
century
if
many
of the
make such
may
be classed as shot-guns,
little
pistols,
carbines and
rifles.
Most breech-loaders
barrel, the
cartridge,
The
chamwhich
breech-mechanism, the lock, the stock, the sights ,and the mountings,
repeaters the magazine.
If
and
in
the chamber be
made
in the piece
commonly
if
arm
is
said to
it
have
a movable chamber;
it
is
said to
The
and
is
generally used.
With the
fixed
chamber the
is
divided into
two
distinct
der the influence of the powder, and the chamber in which the charge
posited.
de-
The
ist.
The mova-
8
ble
chamber
is
is
2d.
The breechthe
barrel.
to
its
The The
firing-pin.
empty case
parts
is
removed
after firing.
all
may
be said to be essential to
is
breech-
which they are combined mark the systems. These combinations have reference chiefly to the modes of operating and locking the breech-block. The
different systems
may be
movable
chamber; 2d,
first
The
latter
barrel; 2d, a
motion may be
sliding, in
which case
it
moves
in
it
swings on a hinge; or sliding and rotating combined. systems belong to the class
axis."
of a
of
"movable
breech-block
about
an
may
it;
The
the block, inserting the cartridge, and extracting the empty shell; the most suitable position
the
is
deemed
In this case
motion
is
of
tridge
pushed into
the
to withdraw
empty
after
firing.
The most
through the
which not
only incommoded the shooter, but, by fouling the machinery, seriously interfered with
its
operation.
At present
this is entirely
overcome by the
elastic
The advantages
3d.
of breech-loading
f:re.
ist.
2d.
The
impossibility of getting
4th.
more than
loading
same
time.
Greater
is
facility of
under
all
circumstances, and
particularly
when
the soldier
mounted, lying on
There are certain functions performed by, and certain important conditions to be fulfilled in, the construction of the different portions of a small-
arm.
The
to
barrel
is
by
far the
firearm,
its
office
being
concentrate
it
the
force
velocity
a charge
of
powder
on
projectile,
and give
proper
initial
for
9
and with the
should be
made
of the
best material
it
is
best
the
explosion
it
to rough usage.
from "springing"
The
there
is
on the other.
In some sporting
rifles
from 12 to 15
lbs.
in
It
number of
cartridges.
2d.
To
liable to arise
from a variety
there
should not be
rifle
for
all
arms
of the
same
3d.
ser-
vice, viz.,
This
point relates to the force and accuracy of the projectile, and to the flatness
of its trajectory.
The introduction
means
of increasing the
by reducing the
great
caliber,
which diminished
caliber,
air.
Too
reduction
of
however,
weak
projectile,
effect of a projectile
on the
of conrifles.
to the
to
flight, their
construction will
projectile,
charge of
The
form
of grooves for
endurance, and
facility of
that
for
breech-loaders
these
for the
charge,
is
shape
is
made
diameter
made
a little larger,
and that
This facilitates
the insertion of the charge, and causes the projectile to be compressed and held firmly by the lands in
its
The bottom
of the
10
The breech-mechanism comprises the principal arms loading at the breech. The functions of these
ing,
tridge shell.
for the
accompHshment
which the
differ-
ent systems are variously contrived, and with which alone they are concerned.
mechall
parts should be
2d.
as
of the
parts should be such as not only to resist repeated discharges, but the burst-
occurs
material
bfe
or
se-
workmanship.
cure, but
ing.
all
3d.
The locking
of the
it
is
effected should
work
4th.
The
properly
should not necessarily rest on the firing pin when the piece
6th.
carried loaded.
The breech should be unlocked without essarily to full cock. 7th. The working parts
ered from dust and water.
8th.
the
nec-
quire no cuts or openings in that part of the chamber which surrounds the
body
of the
cartridge case.
is
The lock
is
the cartridge
class, in
ignited.
Those
of the present
which
fire is
into
side
in the stock;
each of these
may be
either
is in
is in
The
seriously affects
the strength
is
of
the
stock at the handle, and for this reason the front-action lock
ferred for
all
The
conditions to be
fulfilled in
of the
The stock
assembled;
it
the
wooden
all
is
preferable
that
should be
in
one
piece.
The
material
The
the
should be
of such length
and shape
as will
enable
it
Tlu- longer
is,
11
firmly will
it
The
stock
is
convenience
of the recoil.
of the
if
recoil
in
this
the stock be
the
the
The
is
regulated by the length of the barrel, or distance from the eye, and the size
of the object generally
and distance
aimed
at;
it
is
made coarser
is
in military
The
rear sight
attached to the
12
all
aistances
within effective range; 2d, the form of the notch should permit the eye to
it
Globe and telescopic sights are used for very accurate sporting arms, but they
are too delicate in their structure and too slow in their operations for general
purposes
viz.:
ist,
those which
guard
different
parts
13
butt-plate
it
is
the ground;
is
generally curved to
guard-plate
may
ger.
If
tip
is
a shield placed
on the end
of
the
muzzle.
is
the other to the guard-plate, or to a point of the stock in rear of that plate.
The trigger
is
required
draw
them_,
into
common and
arms.
set
The
very great,
may
disturb the
it
be
a
slight,
The
trigger has
guard which protects the finger-piece from injury, which the magazine
in
3.
of
magazine guns.
in the
i.
Those
2.
in
a tube
is
Winchester.
Those
zine
in
Those
in
which
is
as in
The
of the barrel,
by the manipulation
breech mechanisn
ready to
fire.
It is
dling and charging each cartridge, besides preventing the considerable loss of
ammunition, occasioned by dropping cartridges while transferring from the cartridge-box to the arm, which, in the excitement of rapid firing, are seldom
recovered or saved.
The
magazine guns
of
is
that
expenditure
ammunition.
largely used,
when only
as
weak now as
same
then.
No
men
should not aim as well, firing rapidly, as slowly sighting requires the same
time, whatever
may be
if
14
that
to
amount
pon
of the time
must be wasted
in
The weight
magazine, rest
column
at
of five ordinary
four-fifth;
o.'
service
cartridges
in
would
be
least
of
a tubular
which
in
bullet
comes
it.
the cartridge
advance of
in
All
ammunition manufacturers
of
enced
preparing fulminate
mercury (used
primers),
It
in
can be
made
have
compounding
equal quality,
While
is
still
different batches
it
be from differ-
ence
in this quality or
from the
different position or
is
cer-
tainly true that cartridges are to be found in use that will explode with onehalf the concussion ordinarily required.
It
is
spring makes premature explosion not only possible, but very probable, and
there
is
no way to prevent
it,
except by discarding
it,
as in the
Lee or Chafthe
spiral
fee-Reece guns.
spring have been
During the
War
of the
Rebellion,
guns
using
known
to explode
when
the
Of
to any
arm
is
Where
bullet bullet
is
the
cartridges are
liable to
making
a notch in the
and rendering
useless
for
accurate
the
work.
When
the
cartridges
same thing
will
happen
the
tar-
make
it
impossible that
its
flight
be accurate and
contact.
make
It
is
good
made by such
of the
it
well under-
magazine guns
in
si)iral
its
15
The Parker shotgun, which is distinctively American, exhibits all the admany American systems of shotguns. The different parts are made by special machinery, and by workmen who make a specialty of one
thing only, and are subjected to rigid inspection, so that no defective or imits
way
gun.
is
The number
of
parts
is
gun can be
taken apart, for cleaning or repairs, with an ordinary screw-driver. The manufacture of shotgun barrels differs in
many
rifle
barrels.
They must be
these
and yet
strong
conditions
of the material.
In
tenacity
is
and
steel so intimately
ness and elasticity, are imparted to every portion of the mass, and the barrel
The The
barrels
of
iron
and
steel
may
tion
is
called piling.
pact bar, which must be absolutely sound and perfect in every weld, as the
slightest spot left
unwelded or unsound
Tlie process
in this
now
may be
This rod
is
twisted similar to a rope, care being taken to have the twist uniform and even.
Several of these twisted rods are placed side by side, being careful to have the
inclination of the twist arranged in opposite directions.
are welded together with the same care and precision as in the previous operation, to insure perfectly
is
sound
barrels.
This
is
now termed
coiled spirally
welding
16
upon
a welding-mandrel, reheatin
Much
skill
this
operation to reduce this outside diameter to correct size and at the same time preserve the caliber, and also maintain the proper taper, the barrel being
much
The
figured barrel
of
and
the
previous
hammered unevenly,
follows
is
the figure
itself will
be correcold
Then
the process of
hammering
in nearly a
its
condensed, closing
pores and
making
is
it
harder.
ready to be bored.
The
Damascus, Ber-
the
steel.
on the barrels
of the
high-priced guns
obtained by an
increased
number
much more
and the
of loss
is
greater.
Some
imagine that the curly figures of the barrel are simply etched on the outside,
when they
and important to every shooter who cares for his personal safety; for if an iron barrel, no matter how strong and thick, is defective and does not stand
the test, the defective part will splinter into
more or
woven
fabric.
These
fine bar-
may
look beautiful alone, but rather for the reason that greatest lightness, combined with greatest durability,
may be produced.
of the bore should be verified with the
is
Each
barrel,
after
The diameter
gauge
and the
limit
diameter, and
should bear
uniformly
rate in
its
it
throughout,
particularly
at the breech.
through
is
fit
free.
closely to
end
of the barrel,
it
17
The
straightness of the
barrel
may be
holding the
barrel
up to the
of
a straight-edge
reflected
free
from the
will
the
image
from
all
be
hammer
cause
marks,
ring-bores,
cinder-holes,
an inaccuracy of
fire.
A
half
wrought-iron
this
rifle
or
carbine
barrel
will
one-
of
charge.
is
finished
and
musket-powder, which
trials
is
all
that
Numerous
The
muzzle
fact
in
when such
some obstruction
in
the bore.
may
arise
from
dirt
by a
the result
its
of a
charge
insufificient to
expel
delicate
cartridge,
will
its
its
reject
least
powder.
is
The
barrel of a
rifle
endure
accuracy
sensibly impaired;
and
exterior dimensions
may
be very
impairing
now
used.
of
The
the
the
manufacture
years.
drill
The operator
me-
chanical skill
a continuous hole
through
size,
conditions
are
what
they
No
particular
apparatus
is
drill;
neither
is
any
proof reaming.
The machine
is
The heads
are at the
On
their inner
18
the shchng
carria,2:cs.
These are
screw
has
Tlic
variety
of
speeds
Two
the
drill.
rotary
pumps (one
oil
oil,
placed underneath the machine, through a series of tubes into and through
The
lip,
basin on top of the tank, where they are drained, and the strained
to the
returned
pump
again.
RIFLING MACHINE
The
a
rilling
machine,
in
its
head
for lujlding
and
19
its
and
all
mo-
tion
means
of a convenient
it
is
automat-
turned
rifling
The
is
a pin-
The
carriage
is
given a
reciprocating motion
its
The
It is
rifling
and
is
sHde.
central point so
it
carriage
cross-slide.
an increasing twist
rifling,
required,
the
rifling
same proportion
oped curve
to the
The
rod,
rifling
rod
is
by means of a wedge-shaped plunger, which extends beyond the end of the and
is
is
This
always
the
alike,
in
when
is
cutter has
The
rifling
by a lever placed
at a point
on the bed where the operator can obAfter starting, the carriage continues
serve
its
all
reciprocating motion, the head indexes the barrel at the end of each stroke,
until the
is
put in place.
This machine
caliber
five
is
and
six
The
regular machine
is
and
grooves of uniform
twist,
from
straight
to
one
turn
in
five
and
for
The
nary steel
and
is
20
of
rifling,
noted
for
its
excellency,
has
eight
wide
grooves, which are on a radius about three times the radius of the bore, and in has the corners rounded out, so dirt is easier removed, and it is cleaner
use.
This groove
is
enough
about
to
at the corners of
.004".
The
The
bullet
made with
a base
same diameter
as the bore.
is
body
of bullet
into the
body more or
less unequally,
is
nearly
flat
centre of the broad grooves, and swells out into grooves equally
central; consequently
it
and perfectly
is
accurate.
muz-
muzzle, the zle and starter are used, and the lubricated bullet seated from the In doing ordinary way. in the inserted afterward being powder shell with
this the labor is very light, as the shooter has to handle
ounces
weight, the
rifle
standing
By
down
attain
and does so exactly alike, each time giving a uniformly clean bar-
The
is
that
we
in ordinary
labor of cleaning.
This
is
way
of seating a
greased bullet
ing
its
in the breech,
rifle
if
this
is
accompafel-
rifle,
properly
mide
way.
will
shoot
1-4 or
dirty,
bullet
seated
To
mended.
force
insure
barrel
must be kept
Ilotz
free
thoroughly clean.
This
is
gun
barrel
com-
In the drawing
a longitudinal section
operation, the
The expand-
21
are
constructed in semi-cylindrical
sections,
witli
which
a
provided
at
communicating
are connected by
at its
to a handle.
upper end
conical
tip,
is
ing tube
site
is
inserted in the
to
gun
be
the
indentations
removed.
is
then entered at
the opposite end of the barrel, and the tip of the rod
until the threaded surface
of the rod
thus causing the reduced plain surface of the rod to engage the smooth bore
of
the
tube
and
force
it
of
the
barrel.
It is
There are numerous cleaners on the market. The Tomlinson is excellent. made in 8, lo, 12, 14, 16 and 20 gauges, and will fit any standard rod,
is
and
rels,
so designed as to
fit
the
different
makers,
and
remove
all
to muzzle,
clean.
it
The
cuts
all
lead and
dirt
is
way.
should be inserted
In a
oil
"pump" gun
drop of
should be put on
it
cuts
more
easily.
By
may
when
they become
worn they
can be easily replaced by unscrewing the back cap. A barrel cleaner has been recently invented, by the use of wliich any powder or residue remaining in the barrel is dissolved, and thus makes rusting impossible.
The apparatus
consists
of
tin
receptacle, from
which the
22
rel
The
principle
is
by by
physicians.
On
naked
gases form and rusting results. upon the nature of the mateproof that the formation of rust depends of the tiny scratches and existence the upon rather or barrel, rial of the spots again and again. is that rust occurs in the same
of rust
has been
much reduced
it
in
some powders
is
still
strong enough to
PISTOLS.
A
ver
is
Pistol
is
a small
rifle,
revol-
or revolving barrels.
The term
single-
pistol,
however,
applied
indiscriminately
earliest
by
many
pistols
to
both
The
rifled
single-shot
were of foreign
were
followed by military
pistols,
made by machinery.
caliber.
variety of cheap with the advent of the metallic cartridge, were followed by a
single-shot, breech-loading pistols of small
The
first
American
and
re-
fire
ability to
to
rim-fire
cartridges,
and from
in the aim to increase rim-fire to central-fire cartridges retarded improvements is owned and shot by and popularity, holds its to-day revolver accuracy. The pistol experts; yet the single-shot pistol is generally used '.n target and
most
match shooting.
infT
They
are
made
in calibers
from
.22 to .50,
most
of
them bebe-
made
in the
& Wesson
extremely accurate;
.32,
.38
and
With
few exceptions, modern American pistols and revolvers take the metallic cartridges, which are made in enormous quantities and variety of styles by our
standard cartridge companies.
The invention of
tlie
revolver
is
very
far
from
new, specimens, with even the present system of rotation, being still in existence, which were manufactured at the beginning of the seventeenth centurv.
Probably the
first
revolver to suggest
itself
was one
in
which several
barrels
trigger,
lock.
were mounted on an axis, and made to revolve by so that their powder pans came succcessively under
abandoned,
and
the
reign
of
23
At
would
great
weight
and
cumbrous
mechanism
first
with the
pierced
with
several
cylindrical
to
receive
the
charges.
Being
one bar-
made
to revolve, each
rel,
common
to
all,
for use.
Numerous
pat-
ents for this principle have been taken out, including one by the celebrated
Marquis of Worcester
in
in 1661.
the
mode
of
name
of Elisha
H.
Collier, patenting
such a weapon
in the
United
States
and
England about
1818.
some
and patented
all
his
substantially
of
still
in use.
pistols.
problem
magazine
as the
The advantages
of
of such
So long
powder
The break
in
the
cyl-
inder and barrel meet, or are supposed to meet, permits a considerable escape
of
loss of pressure
Any attempt
ful
increase
the
to the length
and weight
of
arm without
enough.
The
Moreover, the present ammunition gives quite reseem inseparable from the fundait
mental principles of
construction, and
is
24
is
arm
to possess:
measbottle-
bullet,
of about
twenty-five*
calibers;
shaped cartridge with unusually large but short powder space, to reduce the length of the cartridge as nmch as possible, and charged with quick-burning
of recoil to
not over four pounds; a cocking device for single-shot firing; a decartridges;
a
simple
efficient
safety
against
possible
disturbance
exterior, as
it
to the holster; a
smooth
powerful grip;
lastly,
as
great
and strength
of
and
other qualities.
efficiency
What
desirable
may be
is
only
arms
must be
suited to those
who
their presence
may make
weapon almost
value-
designed use.
States Revolver Association has recently classified and defined
The United
it
has
made
magazine
pistol
and any
pistol.
military
revolver
for the
is
defined as a revolver
of its
armament
Army and
to re-
in
model, trigger
pull, sights
is
and ammunition
Any
revolver
maximum
pocket revolver
maximum length of bore, including may be of .32 or .38 calibre, weight and have a maximum length of barrel, ex-
magazine
a
pistol is
one with
magazine
other than
inches.
revolving magazine,
and with
maximum
with
maximum
length
of
bore of ten
shall
inches.
minimum
for
be four
pounds
pounds
magazine
any
pistol,
two and a
half
pounds
for
pounds
sights
pistol.
must be
fixed.
and any
pistol
may
any
25
the
ball
cartridge,
is
made with
The paper
first
operation
when
to the
left.
Take
on a trapezoid, the groove in the the paper, bringing the pointed end one-
)>
third inch
from the broad end of the paper; envelop the former with the left hand laid flat upon the paper, turn the
roll all
former and
the paper
upon
it;
hold
it
left
hand, with
cylinder at about the choking-string in the right, take one turn around the left hand and the in firmly former the hold end; the one-third inch from
at the
left
upon the projecting end of the cylinder, thus folding it neatly down upon the end of the former. Having choked the cyUnder close, carry it to the right side, and with the thread m the right hand, take two half-hitches firmly
around the part that has been choked; cut the thread on the knife-blade and press the choke in a cavity in the table; place the former with a cylinder on it,
roll
the paper
on
choke and the former and the ball; hold the cylinder in the left hand and
26
tie it
it
in the
box.
cylinder:
The following implements are required to f^ll the made of a cylinder of wood or brass pierced with two
One
charger,
length,
holes through
its
the holding the exact charge of powder; a funnel attached to one end of The holes in the cyhnder are cylinder, and a discharge pipe to the other.
made
to
ofif,
alternately,
motion powder, and the discharge-pipe at the lower end, by a reciprocating the insert powder, with funnel Fill the the hands. cyhnder given to the by
discharge-pipe in a cartridge, holding the charger in both hands, and turn the is deposited in the cartridge; insert
pipe in the next, and turn the cylinder in the opposite direction, and
contmue
in
the
same way
for
all
the rest.
Cartridges
may be
filled
with a copper
charger made to hold the exact charge, pouring the powder by means of a
small funnel, which
is
To
in
it
lightly
on the
it
powder;
flatten the
empty part
of the cylinder
and bend
powder
vertical
on the table;
folds
fold
length, with
two
meeting
in the
itself
and
strike
on the table to
When making
ball-cartridges;
roll
trapezoid
fold
down
this
much
hand;
27
little
down
paste
on the
dry.
ball
imbedded
it
in
the table
a
in
box
to
The cap
made
of copper.
it
It is
slits,
open end;
is
has four
The cap
weight of
To
protect
the percussionit
from
falling out,
is
covered
The copper
for
making the
FLAT
BASE.
caps
is
allowed.
The copof
cleaned by
immersion in a pickle
it
made
is
is
it
mach
ne.
The modern
are
may
be
divided
into
three
There
As
two varieties of folded-head cartridges, the reinforced and non-reinforced. regards priming, the above-named classes are divided into outside and in-
28
cide
non-reloading
more
elasticity,
formitv and
durability.
This
is
it
fed to a
double-
Cting
('.ie
into a cylindrical
cup
in
at
one operation.
The cup
is
from four to
six operations
called
drawing or
reducing.
called
The
cylindrical shell
in a
machine
the
case-trimmer.
or cases
have a flange
formed
at the closed
end by pressure
in a special
The headed
and
anvil
its
case
is
tapered to a standard
it,
size.
is
made
cylin-
it
be inside-primed,
like
is
edge.
Priming
is
done
is
in
machine
percussion-cap
used,
made
in the
ordinary way.
fulminate of
it
Shellac
No
injurious deterioration
from
this cause
Among
the
of metal cartridges of
American invention
is
the Morse,
not
29
Its
Its merits
chief,
extract-
About the same time the Burnside, Maynard and a few others were produced, some of which were good in their day and for the arms for which they
fired
by means
of a cap,
fhrough a vent,
at
some
dis-
was not that necessary nicety of fit to the chamber of with not absolutely closed, and the failures to explode were as frequent as
'1^
itm
the old-fashioned paper cartridge and percussion-cap.
failures would, any metallic amvarieties, do not munition laying claim to excellence, and, in the best known fact, many attam a in rounds; thousand in one one of extent occur to the
in
Such
of
The records
consumption of thouof the testing-rounds show long-continued firing and the summation of and cause, sands of rounds without failure at all from any but an exceedexhibits manufacture, proof of practice and test, in
a year's
combining the primer and cartridge did not and the nrnbut some inventions were pushed in this direction,
of
pr
med
cartridge
was produced.
In
this
the
fulminate
of
composition
was
of the case.
This
mode
charge of the priming composition, which, being thrown into the fold by
30
is
it
not infrequently
happened
that
failed
from
The
of
(about
five
objection
to
so large
quantity of
quick-
powder
weak
it
fold to bursting, as
is
frequently did.
primed cartridges
more hable
in those incident to service; in fact, a number of instances of explosion in the magazine of repeating-arms, and in patent car-
tridge-boxes for service of such, have been reported, by which serious injury
resulted to the soldier.
Hence, efforts to produce a still more reliable and satisfactory cartridge, and the development, production and general adoption for service of what is now so well known as center-primed metallic ammunition, its advantages being sure explosion
when struck by
and
on the head of the cartridge; greater security in handling and using under all exigencies of service. These cartridges have been subjected
less strain
to the
all
accidents,
such as mashing up boxes of ammunition and even firing into them with
bullets.
actually
tests, their
The
safely of handling
and transporting
this
ammunition
in
31
vastly in
its
favor,
and the
riage
is
almost nothing.
Its
climate, moisture, etc., has also been proven by such exceedingly severe tests
that
it
may
center-primed cartridge;
its
all
breech-
use,
is
its
acknowledged
it
to safe use
of
on the head
varieties of repriming
ammunition the
a sine
qua non.
in large
numbers
rifle,
for the
Berdan breech-loading
exceedingly
efifective; its
capacity as a reloader
trial,
daily,
during
being
reloaded,
trials
endurance
that
its
is
guishing feature
that of
is
anvil
same continuous
is
piece of metal as
made.
Herein there
it
no possible displacement or
The
his
cartridge
is
rivals
In
it
was
making
primer.
have to be handled
32
Another advantage
sensitive to the
is,
it
presents a point
blow
of the
hammer.
The
Other
is
most excellent
in this
combination.
to,
re-enforcement
may
be referred
as exhibited in
the drawings.
in various
ways, as by a
etc.
nng
t
of solder, felt or
papier-mache wads,
When
is
used as a re-enforcement
it
is
against the walls of the case and of the pocket, to cut off the escape of gas to The solder ring has been found to be a the folded head in both directions.
good
some other
varieties of
m^^^^f^f^mm^
cartridges
it
was
first
used
to the body of the case, serves also to attach the flanged-head also as a re-enforce wa| acted it that and here for this purpose,
a resultin-r discovery.
The
felt
or papier-mache
wad
it
is
not believed to be
"^
good
is
nng
of
33
its
No
matter
how
closely
if
!?as,
it
poii^t
to whi_ch_^it
is
applied.
A
fact,
re-
as
and
in the
same manner.
and
An
ol:^jection to the
Martin
t'lae
is its
small
their liabilitx^to'burn
priminoin their
com-
on the
anvil, a difficulty
met with
manu-
is
made
show
at the
rifles.
cartridges, from all causes, have been what would be considered in our trials of the best American cartridges as a very large per-
abandonment
of
Unlike
its
was
34
parts are
steps of operations in
its
produetion more
con-
simple cartridge.
sidering the low prices of labor and materials, and the very large
fabricated in
tlie
numbers
it
country of
its
much
in excess,
is
be-
lieved, of that of
It
easily indented
and
Per
so
is
much
contra,
of the
it
beautifully
in firing,
chamber
It is
not suitable in
its
present state
35
Made
all
of iron,
it
is
varieties of climate.
is
The use
of this metal
Dutch, the
The head,
here,
is
re-enforced by
in
using a thick sheet-metal strip to form the case, and leaving sufficient stock
the head, in drawing the case, to flow out and form the flange solidly.
this
is
That
effective in
making
is
unquestionable;
its
its
manufac-
ture requires
tion
is
some heavier
somewhat
greater; and
is
unnecessarily
work
required
by
well-constructed
breech-loading
Experience,
it
is
the most
selection
if
it
branch
of ineffi-
ammunition
for the
pre-eminently
desirable.
WIM(
II
'M l.Il_LiUJJa_ESg
If,
difficulty of
is
selection
cominsti-
paratively easy.
tution of a rigorous standard from which there should not be the slightest de-
36
chamber
gun or
which should
be invariably fixed,
mechanism
insisted upon.
limits of
sandth of an inch, both for the body of the cartridge and its flange or head. The seat of the extractor should not occupy any part whatever of the body
of the
it.
chamber, and
its
surface should be as
smooth as
it
is
possible to
make
it
sufficiently
to
allow for the easy closing of the breech-lock, the small variations of thickness
of metal
is
A
may
itself
dif-
ference of o".oi
at
purposes;
its
diameter
be
be
great
enough to allow
tTie
chamber should be
but a
fe-w
slightly rountled.
The length
of the
chamber should be
and
its
thn;at, or seat
37
ately attended to, so that, with the cartridge in situ, the breech-block being
its
bearings in the chamber, and the bullet have the smallest necessary distance
To
move
is
free
from the
it
will
of
with
its
The expansion
its
the case in firing should immediately shut off escape of gas around
to the rear
body
the
allowable being those necessary to insure the required ease in loading, and
there should be no fouling of the
chamber
in firing ball-cartridges.
&^^^^Qm.T^B U LLET yW
essential to the
convince all that an invariable chamber is the prime proper performance of the cartridge, assuming, of course, that
Ihe latter
is also as carefully made. This once obtained, let us insist on the case of the cartridge fitting as closely as practicable the limit of variation
and a reasonable
These degrees
of perfection can
be obtained only by the adoption and preservation of exact standard gauges, by frequent and every-day careful inspection of material and work, and keeping the attention of mechanics directed to the necessity of constant watchful-
currei ness over and fre(iuent verihcation of their tools, dies and i)unches, Without this constant care in keeping up
the
standard,
will
soon become
more execution
i.
at
short ranges.
ball cartridge as
&
Co.:
No
leading
of
barrel by any
number
of
discharges.
2.
barrel.
3.
The
lubri-
cant
is
5.
By
^^^^m^^^^
the centrifugal force given to the casing and balls by the
is
rifling,
the casing
thrown
ofif
after
men
at
6.
The
is
separate discharges by
is
The
cartridge
uniformity of
shape.
cleaned.
be
Preservation of powder.
The casing
as
an insulator prevents
40
galvanic action between the metallic shell and balls, which chemical action in
The casings
are
made, the
balls
placed and secured firmly therein, separate from the metallic shells and can
be transported
metallic
in
BULLETS'
Since the advent of powder and
of
all
ball,
sizes
some with a
flat
base, others
with depressions of
all
covered with
steel,
and number
scientific
of
many
so-called
men
Science
will figure
out the
shape and weight of a bullet, and not the proper porIt will place this
powder and
ball in a rifle
the practisize of
man go
to
try this
and
varying the
the bore and twist of barrel, powder, quantity and grade, the temper of bullets
tin, etc.,
and the
is,
we have
is
any, of
called.
All this
The manufacturers
of the various
arms
have by a long
size of bullet
all
of
ammunition
make the bullets to that standard and they will not vary come from the factory. There are, however, some who
as to
bullet
.001 of
an inch as they
opinions
differ in their
what diameter
through the
of a bullet
rifles;
barrel,
and
if
are not
deep enough to
41
may condemn
the mould.
is
simply a verification of
fit
"Many men
of
many
minds."
Of
all of
generated by the ignition of the powder should be kept at the base of the
bullet to expel
it.
If
if
much
it
force
is lost,
and
the escapement
conditions
is
Some
when seated
to shut
ofif
to the
is
bottom
and
of the rifling so as
positively
left
space should be
of the bullet
bottom of the
a MUSMRO0M_BU,LLET_J
^^^mmmo swARF^ffii
rifling,
wmiARQii^^
the explosion.
As
to
how
fit
a barrel de-
Variations in both
no two
his
rifle
barrels
aUke any more than there are two human beings; each has
own
The
individuality
in
accordance with
his peculiarities.
it
bore of a
rifle is
smooth hole
is
rifled,
which
let.
is
commonly
The diameter
and
The depth
barrel
is
from
.001 to .004 of
who may
order them in
that
it
It
must be remembered
fit
is
the
One
others
is
that
it
has
in
42
a convenient and
as to cast
the bullets a
trifle
is in the grooves, they can be forced through the sizing die, this will press the lubrication solidiv into the grooves, wipe of? all surplus grease, and at the same time make the bullet perfectly round.
The casting
be poured,
full
and patience. You cannot rake an old and as soon as the metal liquifies, or can into a cold mould, and get good results; for instead
over the
fire
of a
bullet,
you
will
The
first
requirement
will
is
small kettle.
The
is
made
for this
purpose and
heat at a
hold about ten pounds of metal; such a body will hold the
is
desirable.
There should be a
regular steady
to keep
it
it
at the
will
not flow.
When
dipper nearly
nect the
full
mould
mould connected,
slowly to a vertical position, as in the drawing, and the weight of metal in the
will drive
fill
assuring good,
full,
smooth
The
dipper
surface of the metal .should be kept clear and the dipper clean.
in
Keep the
The metal
when
it
metal, which
43
forming much dross, which hardens and deteriorates the Sometimes a bullet, when cast, will show the grooves clean and sharply
forme
on one
side,
if
it
be an
Ex-
^^mMM^B^M
SOV'f., SOLID
HEAD
it
may show
on one side of the core-peg and not on the other, causing the hole to appear
eccentric.
is
imperfectly cut,
may
be changed from one side of the bullet to the other by simply tipping the
left to right,
mould from
and pouring
it
right or
is
left
handed.
The
not.
side of the
may
The
face
of the
mould ma^ oe
fitted
being imprisoned
the
when
is
slowly,
coming
when
mould
full,
44
the dipper;
may be
Those using the Cylindrical mould may find an indentation caused by imprisoned air on the side of the point where the former punch connects; pouring the metal slowly as stated above, will overcome
to put a
little oil
this.
it
Do
not be afraid
it
also,
is
good
oil
away
after using.
little
in
by sputtering, but
it
will
mould
cut-ofif,
or on the nozzle
An
wax
tallic
Never
will
strike the
substance for
it
hit,
Use
a billet of
wood
does not drop readily from the mould, open the mould wide,
holding
with the bullet downward, and lightly tap on the lower bottom in-
This
will
be found
much
it it
on the outside, as
drives the
it
times will
make
is
it
stick
more
firmly.
mould.
It
mould
is
cause a bullet to stick, and the only way to get out any indentation
it
to
have
that
rechcrried; the cherry should be the last and only instrument of metal
is
used
in
the mould.
Round
bullets are
more apt
to stick in the
mould
than others on account of being lighter in weight and of being held by almost a complete half circle in the mould. Hot bullets should not be dropped on a
45
pine board, for they will absorb the rosin, neither should they be allowed to
will dent
them.
They
size.
are
from three to
diameter
is
six
The
the
bullet
paper
is
of
fine,
strong
for
this
texture,
similar
to
is
specially
prepared
purpose,
and
made
in
thicknesses,
as
which
thin,
are
known
to
the
manufacturers
of
ammunition
is
extra-thin,
medium,
and
thick.
The
is
extra-thin
about
an increase of about
the crease or decrease the diameter of their bullets can do so by selecting the to relative opinion of difference There is a paper. proper thickness of
advantage or superiority of patched bullets over grooved, yet for hunting or military purposes the grooved ball is generally preferred, as such ammunition
can be carried and exposed to wet weather without injury, while a part of impair its acthe patch being exposed is liable to get wet and injured so as to
curacy.
is,
Still,
for
fine
bullet
properly
handled
the patch on a smooth board or table with from you; have point of angle toward you and the point of angles toward or to the right; let the whole of the angle project over the edge of the board
How
to
RoU on
Patch.
Lay
table (this will leave the point of patch free, not stuck
down
to the table);
then place the bullet squarely upon the patch (base to the left), letting as much of the paper project beyond the base as you desire. (See drawing.) The
46
shown. angle projecting toward you can then be lapped up over the bullet, as bullet, and patch point of the upon forefinger the When in that position, place
You
will
soon per-
you are
rolling
on true;
if
little
you
at
will
do
it
This
is
is
the
method
Ijv
of
patching bullets
the ammunition
This work
done
girls,
who
l)ecome ex-
pert,
some
of
The regular
is
fac-
When
patch
paper should project about two-thirds of the diameter of the ball and the
projecting paper
the
flat
is
With
base bullet (without cavity) allow the patch to project only one-third
of
the base of
ball,
when
so patched,
upon
a table.
barrel
be-
comes leaded
inside,
-t
is useless as far as
many
shooters
ammunition; anytliing
is
this
is
the cause of
47
free
from
lead.
bullet should be
of a
good
almost
MODEL- lees
will,
however, be
to two of
found good:
oil.
three parts
it
wax
as desired,
or pure
vaseline
harden
it
as
required.
Japan
wax
with spernf
oil
enough
to soften
it
is
also excellent.
Never use
fats
or
oils
when
48
may
so
it
will certainly
destroy
that
mouth
of shell indicates
ammunition
not fresh.
are not as
good
mixture
and
to
lose
some
If in this
condition,
will
be best
wull
which
soon melt
has been
places,
is
off,
Ammunition
stored
in
that
made
and
hot
is
best,
know
them
what powder
is
in
it
it
is.
To
WlhfCH
___^ INGLE
SINGLE
SHOT
all
into
the
nicked
cool.
luljricant,
covering
of
set
them on
board to
When
cool,
the bullets
all
up through a tube a
trifle
above the
Originally,
metallic
in
All
bullets
were seated
the
on
tlie
lul)rication,
and
that part of
muzzle
of the shell
when
made
cold,
only annnunition
for years.
of course,
is
very mucli
more uncleanly
with lubrica-
than
tion,
the-
later jjroduction,
filled
enough
and
to cover the
grooves and
grit.
arms were
rifled,
missiles were
fnjm a barrel
that
like a
49
tained in a pound.
of
Thus, 50 gauge
a
rifle
ball
16,
to
weigh
14,
10,
etc.
The adjoining
Diameter
table
gauge
Diameter
in
milHmeters.
21.8
20.0
18.6
17.8
16.8
15.6
14.4
13.6 13.2
12.4
11.4
it
will
be
the
observed
there
is
marked
as the
it
size
of
gauge
increases,
the
decreases.
is
Thus, the
in the barrel of a 25
50 gauge smooth
bore,
it
is
only .453.
For a
it
if
rifle
would be
correct,
The
caliber or
gauge
of
the
i
'
modern
rifled
arm,
designated decimally
etc.,
by
hundredths.
of
though few
them are
really
called.
465
grs.,
60
This system
is
much
appreciated by sportsmen
when once
causing
familiarized.
There
very
much
of a
mix up
many
mistakes,
some some
bullets being called .32 caliber that are smaller than the .30 calibers, while
This, of course,
is
ing to those
who
much
trouble
by
The aim
and
is
number
at the
bullet
designate
of the variety of
bullets
numbered, whose
first
three figures
illustration,
his arm,
assistance of the
numbers and
he can
weight of
bullet,
with which he
first
may
desire to experiment.
Thus,
all
through
number
is
designates.
rifle is
must be remembered
it is
before
is
rifled,
many
suppose.
it
If
rifle
barrel
an inch deep,
will i-equire
a bullet
rifles
.3o5^ in
The
.45
Government
are bored for .45 calibre (.450), but require a bullet .457 in diameter, on account of the depth of the rifling.
turers.
The depth
There
by
of rifling
aflfect
is
fit
the
caliber
may
is
be the same.
few
rifled
arms
that are
actually
called
calibers.
.226
bullets
These
may
and are to be
sized.
witli
is
The shape
tliat
of the point
may
any
22637.
fine series of
sharp pointed
bullets,
weights from
;^2
to 91 grains.
They
22638.
Express
bullets.
It is
astonishing
deadly a bullet
is
We
good
have
fine reports
of the
these bullets,
as
a killer as a .32-20.
51
rifles
Long
C. F.
.22-13-45
W.
2281 5 1.
This
it
is
The grooves
rounding, and
22834.
much
lubrication.
bullets.
These
more
which
is
so annoying
in
small bore
rifles.
They may be
22835.
is
The sharp
bullets also
point
preferred by many, as
These
have
was at one time supposed to be the proper diameter of bullets for the new Navy Rifles, but now the rifle and cartridge is called the 6 m/m. U. S. Navy, and the proper diameter of the bullets for that rifle now is .244. .23639, .23640, and .236199 are bullets made in the early experimental days, for
.236
S.
U.
Navy.
all
arms now
made.
however, there
is
a variety of ammuniconfusion
different
causing
much
among
.25-20
dealers
cartridges.
25716.
This
is
The
M.
seats
This
is
correct for
the regular .25-35 Winchester metal patched bullets will seat any of these, one
have a longer
note the
rifling.
bullets,
78 grains weight and bullet No. 25721, both seat with the regular tool. This is the .25 caliber Long Sharp Pointed; it is only intended for 25718.
long heavy weights.
25719.
The sharp
These
which there
better.
has been so
25720.
much
is
This
Any
of these
weights are correct for the .25-20 Stevens and Winchester single shot, .25-20
rifles,
.25-25
This
is
may
52
bullet.
Express
bullets.
bullet.
Round
Used by some
for light
too
much powder
is
used,
they will
rifling.
It
25729.
regular tool
made
is
has
This
made
25731.
style of
smooth
Same
point.
is
cast in
Moulds
up
lets
made with
flat
These bul-
.299
that
fits
the shells,
known
two
lubrication.
There are
distinct diameters.
The base
part
to
fit
The
the barrel
is
.313
(same as
299152.
299153.
.32 S.
&
is
W.).
the regular bullet for the .32 Short,
the standard bullet for .32
shells.
This This
is
This
is
Rim
or Central Fire
299155.
This
is
the .32
Long
Rifle,
Rifle,
model 1892,
It fits
and various
the
pistols.
The
is
bullet
is
known
same
shells
and
adapted to the same arms as the .32 Short, Long, and Extra
at discharge to
fit
Long.
.308
the barrel.
U.
S. Govt., .30-30
Win-
The origichester, .30-30 Marlin, .30 Savage, .30 Blake, .32-40 Remington, etc. English rifles, nal size of the .30-40 Govt., and .30 Savage was the same as the
which are bored to .303 gauge and use a bullet .311 in diameter; the U. S. Govt, changed the bore t .300 (.30 caliber) and use a bullet .308, which has become
the standard for the American .30 calibers, though
we
in
people are
now making
We
would remark
do good work
any of the
.303 caliber
53
We
may
be sized
down
to .308 in diameter
3081.
It
When
cast
is
.311 in diameter,
which
is
may
be sized to .308.
The 200
U. S.Govt.
cast
is
3082.
When
standard metal jacketed bullet, the forward part of shoulder resting on the end of
the shell to prevent ball receding.
bullet .30-30
Chamber
that
is
Winchester
cast
is
3083.
in
When
.311, to
flat
be sized to .308.
It is similar to
point.
These
chambers
that are for the .30-30 Marlin metal patched bullet, but will not seat in tool for the
.30-30 Winchester.
3084.
When
shell
cast
is
slightly
all
above .308
chamber,
crimps over
the bands.
grs.
when loaded in the regular .30-30 W. Single mould will form a bullet with
call
The 152
it is
we
W.
200
grs.
is
When
is
seated in shell
two grooves
project.
3084 bullets
Savage
slightly
tools.
3085.
cases,
When
cast
above
.308.
These
mould.
bullets
have
flat
points in
all
whether made
in single or Perfection
They
and conform
is
on
the point,
bullet
is
correct for
all.
The
147 grs.
the standard.
3086.
When
cast
is
.311.
Bridgeport
Gun Implement
this full
length bullet, w^hen sized to .308, using full charge of black or lower pressure
rifles.
The
the
rifles
This
is
may
be seated cor-
cartridge.
It
has hut one groove for lubrication and has a deep, hollow base.
is
30822.
point
is
This bullet
exactly the
is flat.
same
round and
is
the base
It also
may
This
It
has
is
flat
point and
flat
base,
and
is
54
30810.
cast .311,
and
is
(miniature bullet).
It
may
be seated
in
Savage
shell
reloading tools, but will rec[uire special chamber to be properly seated in any of
the other .30 calibers.
30812.
When
cast
is
Here
is
a fine series
sufficient lubrication.
small
game
killing.
They
It
when longer or
We
would remark
30815.
all
These
Remington.
We
of the .32-40
Remington
bullets,
308156.
This
is
Remington
bullet.
Arms.
30824.
This bullet
It
is
the
same
it
has a deep,
may be seated with the regular .30 Marlin reloading tool. Round ball for indoor work or very short range. Light charges of 30826. powder should be used, too much powder causing them to jump the rifling. 30841. This is a bullet from the Cylindrical mould, which is made for smooth
hollow base.
bullets for paper patching.
Moulds
31032.
is
This
is
.303 English
rifles
and
pistols
Maynard
31 III.
Colt's.
.32-40 Bullard,
etc.
may
be sized to
This
is
]\I.
and
It
Any
reloading tool
May
be sized to .308.
(For sharp-pointed
bullets see
No.
30812.)
31
1
13.
This
is
a round
much powder
31
1
will
cause bullet to
jump the
rifling.
Here
is
65
Excellent reports
come from
parties using-
them
in
31
157,
This
is
is
used with
a bullet
made
rifles,
and
is
the
Eley cartridge.
Express
bullet.
They
and are correct shape for any of the regular .32-20 reloading
This
is
3 1 142.
or Leopold point.
Same
of various weights.
3117.
This bullet
is
and Maynard
rifles,
and
is
a favorite.
31 18.
This
is
is
It
has two
is
grooves, and
same shape
Any
it.
May
be sized to .308.
Remington;
& W.
;
Short; .32 S.
.32 Colt's
is
&
Hulbert
31355-
.32
Harrington
&
This
& W.
Short.
(See Smith
& Wesson
Re-
volvers.)
31356.
This This
is
is
31357.
New
Police,
and
& W.
Long.
(See Colt's
Arms and Smith & Wesson Revolvers.) Round ball for light charge or short range practice. Too much powder 31358. will cause them to jump the rifling. The proper charge will do good work.
315158.
rifles it
This
is
Mann-
licher rifle,
m/m.
all
.319
is
which was
first
known
as .32-40
The
cartridge
made
rifles,
to use
is
them.
many
mistakes.
319162.
This
won a
32-40
i,
using shell
56
31944.
reputation.
31945.
Express
bullet.
This
is
the
same shape
It
as the standard, so
it
wiTl
power of
the
rifle
31946.
bands.
at
This bullet has one very wide groove for lubrication with two strong
It is
claimed that
jump
the rifling
The shape
is
standard
Here
is
They
These
bullets
weigh
80, 120
cellent, particularly
Double adjustable
chamber required
31949.
to seat these
and round
ball.
Here
is
They
fliers.
tear or mangle.
These
This
is
M.
short range.
No. 3
made
for
Too
cause them to
jump
is
the rifling.
as the .32 -40 short point.
known
They have
For
made
to load them.
31953.
killer.
This bullet was made for Col. Pickett, the well-known grizzly bear
patching with paper.
It is for
core-peg.
31954.
patching.
point.
This
bullet,
is
cast
smooth
for paper
Mould
flat,
round, or Leopold
.323
is
all
car-
tridges:
.32-44 S.
&
W.,
.32 S.
& W.
rifle, etc.
32359.
This
is
who have
rifles
using
32360.
is
intended for
rifles
is
Shape of point
57
nice
& W.
rifle,
making a very
22262.
This
is
& W.
may
target revolver.
It
also
makes a
32363.
fine short
will
fit
Round
& W.
range
.358
in rifles
is
.38
Smith
& Wesson
cartridges
it
is
fit
They
will not,
however,
fit
358159.
This
is
The
heel
the shell
fits
the barrel
same
as .38-55
i?
M.
358160.
This
Long
outside lubrication.
For the new .38 Long inside lubrication see bullet No. 35870.
!
358161.
This
is
Long
bullet.
The
bored and
rifled for
which
is
.375,
but
of the factory
ammunition has a
straight,
No.
is
made, which
is
Wesson
in the
rifles,
through the
may
be seated
tool.
35864.
jvolver.)
& W.
(See Smith
& Wesson
Re-
35865.
j
This
is
the
same shape
It
Long
bullet.
thfe
base,
mend
it fits
will not
although
same
35866.
Round
This
is
&
Wesson.
35870.
Long and
.38
Extra Long.
Long
Colt's
inside lubrication.
360.
This
is
& W.
revolver.
Bullets
of this size
may
This
arms using
36071.
& W.
Target
bullet.
(See Smith
&
for
Wesson Revolver.)
36072.
(light
This
is
We
it
& W.
36073.
This
is
the
same
68
These
bullets
Navy.
36074.
Round
ball, for
is
.38-44 S.
size.
36275.
This bullet
correct for
some of the
and Maynard.
rifles
This
is
Remington and
.38-45 Ballard
them
extensively.
373164.
This
Bullard
rifles
are not
made now,
but
many
of
them are
This
is
in use.
373165.
Remington
rifles
all
car-
first
Arms
all
other makers of
.375
is
also
The shape
of
the
.38-72,
will interchange
375166.
of
This
is
It is
used with a
shell full
powder
375167.
This
fit it.
is
The
it
requires
chamber
37576.
to
This
is
It will seat
correctly in tools
One band
Winchester.
37577.
rifle
Express
bullets.
They add
The
.38-55
These
This bullet has one wide, deep groove for lubrication and two strong
It is
if
claimed to be an accurate
shot at a higher velocity.
flier,
also that
it
\v\\\
the barrel
It
37579.
point
is
many
making
nice, light
weight
37580.
Excellent reports
come from
this bullet as a
was
shooting large
fish.
is
This bullet
is
69
This
is
37584.
This
is
The
shape of point
37585.
is is
They
This
They
are accurate
With
may
37586.
This bullet was designed by the Zettler boys, of the Zettler Rifle Club,
City.
It
New York
length
;
has
many
friends.
It
is
the three base bands are .005 of an inch above the standard size, so they
Round
or indoor practice.
cause them to
jump
This
is
It is
a record
maker and
is
used
This
cast
is
an
illustration of bullet
Mould
of varying
lengths, with
.386
shells.
is
.406
fits
the barrel.
386176.
This
No.
tool only.
This
is
No.
386178.
longer than
to
fit
This
is
the
new
.41
Colt's
The
shells
are
and the
expand
at discharge
the barrel.
is
.400
all
and
revolvers.
It is also
This
is
moulds
cast
it
.003 large.
light sharp
point.
40090.
Express
cent,
bullet.
rifles
power 50 per
by using express
The shape
standard, so they
may
Round
ball.
will cause
them
to
jump
Proper charge
will
do
light shooting.
60
.403
lard's,
is
Sharp's,
Bal-
The
following- cartridges
have bullets
all
of
the
.40-60-210,
The
by
Alarlin
and
others.
all
These
bullets
may
cartridges.
The
They
The
403147.
This
is
an
is
illustration
mould.
The
bullet
cast
flat,
Mould
This
is
and Ballard,
straight
and
bottle
necked
shells.
403168.
This
is
the standard
It
weighs
Loading
403169.
.40-65-260,
This
is
.40-70-330,
.40-110-260,
all
Winchesters,
though used
403170.
This
is
It is frequently
confused with the .40-260 Winchester. This bullet will not seat properly
There
is
.40-260 Winchester.
403 171.
This
is
This
is
popular
bullet.
403173.
This
rifles.
is
Remington
40394.
This series of bullets was designed especially for the .40-70 and .40-90
rifles
report
They
are
much
less trouble
40395.
They
bullet
Another good
No. 40043.
This
is
40396.
standard.
The
point
is
shorter than
40397.
Round
ball.
This
is
Too much
jump
the rifling.
61
This
is
The
.^|0
It is
caliber bullet
preferred by many.
nicely.
The other
fit
413174.
413175.
satisfaction.
Is the
Is the
41 5 1 79.
resiults.
This
is
some
in the
Bullard
rifles
with good
It is
is
not
much
.419
1.44
pistol,
Evans
.44 long
&
419180.
[Revolver.)
i
This
is
the .44 S.
& W.
American
pistol bullet.
& Wesson
is
419181.
This
is
Evans
New Model
rifle,
and
a very
good one.
419182.
This
is
Long
Ballard
rifle;
Long
very
Frank Wesson.
421 183.
jlittle
This
is
revolver,
and
is
used at present.
is
.424
cartridge.
their
W.
C. F.
It
is
rifles.
made by the Winchester Company for now used by Marlin, Colt, and others,
rifles
and has
I
many
friends
is
among
hunters.
424100.
This
or pistols.
Requires No.
13
424101.
Df
i
Round
is
powder
used.
tool as
them
quires
I
same
424102.
ooint
This
is
42498.
j*ifles
and
pistols.
;l!
42499-
Express
bullet.
The shape
is
standard.
"egular tools.
Hunters
will find that the killing qualities of their .44-40 rifles are
427103.
II
'I
This bullet
is
rifle,
and
is
very
effective.
.429
is
Smith
& Wesson
Russian
-evolver
I
and
62
4^9104.
lightest short
this diameter.
To
seat
it
chamber
is
required.
429105.
base,
This bullet
it
is
same
it
flat
making
trifle
heavier.
is
requires the
same
tool as
above to seat
it.
429106.
is
This bullet
and
preferred by
many on
is
that account.
adjustable chamber.
429107.
This bullet
base,
flat
point
and hollow
to seat
it.
which
is
preferred by some.
429108.
Round
ball.
This
is
Re-
429184.
& W.
Russian
bullet,
256 grains.
Wesson Revolvers.)
430185.
is
This
is
It is
fits
The
the barrel
.446
in diameter.
.430
is
439186.
at all times.
Spanish grooved
bullet,
and
is
.446
is
rifles,
This
is
is
for
the .44-77 B. N.
446188.
Farlane.
This
is
rifles,
449189.
This
is
& W.
"Schofield
Model"
.451
revolver.
is
the standard size of bullets for the original .45 caliber Sharp
rifles,
rifles.
Company toward
the
last
of their existence, that were bored, rifled and chambered for the .45-70 U. S. Government cartridge, which requires a ball .457 in diameter. This mix up has
caused
much
trouble
among owners
of these valuable
rifles.
It is
generally safe
cartridges cor-
for those
whose
rifles will
rectly to conclude that the proper size ball for such rifle
the .457
Government
also use
-45-75
.45 S,,
.451 Sharp.
Ballard
rifles
the standard Sharp shells (and bullets), which are designated as follows:
Sharp's; .45
3}".
S.,
2 i-io"; .45
is
2 4-10";
45
S., .2
6-10"; .45
S.,
2f; and
I-
10 inches
Government
shell.
63
There
12.
These
ligiht
.45 caliber
Winchester.
in this series.
13.
These
No. 3
special
tool only
made
to seat them.
is
45 1
14.
This
it
is
called
No. 3 special
is
451 1 15.
This
No.
45 1 1 16.
base.
This
is
the
same
in
It is solid
451 1 17.
451 1 18.
No. 3
Round
This
ball, for
451
19.
is
No. 3 special
451 120.
tool only.
is
This
an
illustration of a bullet
The
bullet is cast
flat,
Mould
varying
lengths, with
.454
is
The
and
frontier-
The
heavier weight
to shoot.
is
claimed
more pleasant
The
weight
is
made
tool
with
double
adjustable
chamber.
454190.
45467.
Is the regular
This bullet
is
medium
same
tool as above.
45468.
This
is
the
same
it is
made
lighter
by having
flat
Some
This
Round
ball.
is
gallery practice.
.456
is
Winchesters.
These
They
any reloading
so
near the U. S. Government .45 caliber that the bullets of both sizes changed; the latter, however, require different loading tools.
may be
inter-
64
456121.
for
a series of bullets
tools.
haviiii^-
456122.
the
bullet,
designed by Air.
Barlow, and was originally made for Mr. Gould, editor of Shooting and Fishing.
It
killer of large
The shape
It
is
is
Government
shells.
456123.
Round
This
is
ball, is to
game
456191.
Express.
the
.45-90,
and .45-125
The
and
different
known
as
.45-85-350,
.45-82-405 and
.45-90-300.
See
Winchester Arms.
.457
all
is
Government
rifles
and
The
desired
chamber
to load.
457124.
satisfactory.
This
is
Government
bullet
and
is
very
457125.
tool
is
This
is
Government
bullet.
No. 6 or No. 5
made
457126.
This
is
shape as the
point.
Government 405 grains. Single mould will make round standard Either may be seated with the Perfection mould will make flat point.
tool.
regular
457127.
This bullet has become very popular for light charge, small game,
The various U. S. Government Marine Barracks Armory moulds for this bullet, for target practice, on
requires double adjustable
accuracy.
is
It
chamber
it is
to seat
it.
This bullet
the
lightened bv having
preferred by some.
ber required.
457129.
Round
ball
armory or gallery
practice.
Re-
457130.
This bullet
is
ball.
Is preferred
by some
;66
work on account
two bands
to hold
on
to the rifling.
45713 1.
This
.45
is
bullet
for
the
.45-85-285
cartridge.
Chambers for
457132.
Government or
is
This
The
difference between
it
and the
Government
Is
the
flat
point.
457194.
cast of soft,
These
tips
may
be
or they may be cast of a very hard mixture to increase the penetration. Any one having a mould for the .45-70-405 Government or Marlin, or for the .45-70-500 Government may use these tips. The tips are cast from soft or hard
powers
metal as desired and then set in the moulds mentioned and the balance of the bullet
457195
is
Webley Mark
& Wesson
.509
rifles,
is
revolvers.
also for
509133.
These
Government.
special
tool required.
509134.
special tool
This
is
No. 3
with double adjustable chamber. This makes a fine light weight grooved ball for above
with double adjustable chamber required.
rifles.
509135.
special tool
No. 3
or short
509136.
range.
.512
is
Round
ball.
This
is
game
all
The
make
points of
is
all
same shape.
512137.
One band
first
.50-95 Winchester.
.50-110-450 Winchester.
512139.
This
is
See Winchester
Arms.
512140.
Round
ball, for
etc.
66
512197.
a special bullet
made
all
for the
New York
Seventh Regiment.
This
is
ment cartridges.
515141.
reputation.
This
is
515142.
This
is
a special bullet
made
for the
New York
all
Seventh, Thirteenth,
New York
regiments.
longer, allowing
more room
tool
is
No. 3 special
518144.
This
is
made
ai-mory practice.
rifles.
It is
made
little
great favor
among
New York
is
range or
gallery practice.
No. 3 special
tool required.
518145.
desire a
suit those
who
medium range
This bullet
538146.
is
for
POWDER.
The
incorporation, or grinding together, of the three ingredients that form
is
gunpowder
brought
by
far
minute particles
other,
subsequent operations
will
The
incorpor-
ating mill consists of two large and heavy "hard chill" cast-iron edge runners, revolving
ners
or
rollers
well
adapted
their
for
thoroughly
weight
is
grinding
for
and incorporating
the
several
ingredients;
great
which are also ground together by the twisting action produced by the rollEach roller travels over the bed in a ers traveling round in a small circle.
separate track, and
it
is
is
The
set
in
after
the
runners are
of the
ploughs
in
moving
it,
the same
dial,
amount
of pressure.
Each
pair of runners
i^rovided
with
telltale
67
three to four
from time
to time.
From
hours
is
water-wheel
blackish-gray
maintained
color,
at
its
proper speed.
of a
of
and,
when broken,
it;
Furthermore,
be
if
allowed to
ing action
come
is
in
For
fine
continued in
but
it
some cases
doubtful
eight hours,
is
rollers,
is
much,
at
all,
improved thereby.
fire is
When
communithem-
gases
evolved
insinuate
called inflammation,
and
its
much
and
fine
it
open
train,
in
of the interstices.
If
a charge were
composed
of
find its
way through
will
the interstices,
the
same.
be
progressive
Its rate
combustion
will
take
to the interior.
size,
shape and
form
will
expose
proportion to
of
an elon-
gated or
com-
bustion of
combustion.
Looking, then,
it is,
at
we may
form approaches
will
combustion
be the
of an
whole charge
is
also affected
size
The
is
inflamed by contact with the heated gas generated by the combustion of this
68
be regulated by the
greater or less
facility
which
the
is
itself
of the interstices
between
grains.
If
again, the larger the grains, the larger the interstices between them.
flat
more
difficult,
the charge
reduced.
less rapid
We
affect the
more or
the
affect
an opposite direction; so
may
offer an increased
resistance to the passage of the heated gas through the charge, and thereby
retard
its
ignition, while
a grain
which
will
may
allow of
the
charge being
more
rapidly
ignited.
By varying
may
rapidly
throughout,
but
be ignited more slowly, but when once inflamed burn very rapidly.
burning powder.
The
temperature,
it
is
therefore
it
evident
also true
is
a small one;
is
is
of the bore
much
less sensible
is
greater than
when
it
is
small; that
is,
The
itself,
various
black
powders,
its
merits peculiar to
have served us long and well; but, with the appearance of the multiple
rifle,
loading
smokeless powder
is
coming
of
hunting purposes.
The advantage
smokeless
powder
is,
unconsumed
rifle
The
chief
advantage from
is
the high
fifteen to twenty-five
zle
tons per square inch, giving to the bullet very high muzto
velocities
2,000
A
2,500
feet
])er
flat trajectories.
flat
hunting
rifles,
69
and rightly
of
so, for
it
almost eliminates or
the
calculations
distances,
of
sights
common
ence
to the black
Compared with chamber pressures developed by black powder the differis remarkable, as with black powder the pressures were probably never
fifteen
over
with
charge to impart 2,000 feet velocity, the chamber pressure runs up to twenty
or twenty-five tons per square inch, and to give 2,500 feet velocity pressures
run up from twenty-five to thirty tons for regular charges and for excessive
barrel.
Both
barrels
of a
superior grade of
steel,
rifles,
much
ixi
powder
down
The jacketed
bullet be-
ing so
barrels
much harder than lead would wear out the rifling rapidly were made of hard material, as hard as can be properly worked.
rifle.
not the
All of
in
nitro
rifles,
or
powder should be
should be indulged
flight,
more rapid
instead
inches,
the
sixteen
to
twenty-four
in the rifles
made
for black
will
powder.
Leaden
rifling,
and override the lands, for which reason the surface of the projectile
i
made
air,
of
the consequent ability of the ball to better overcome the resistance of the
the greater portion of the bullet
is
'
made
of a lead slug
jacketed with a covering, about 0.02 inch thick, of some hard metal, as
i
copper, nickel, or
German
silver.
is
The
made
of about the
its
same or even
less
inertia
of the
70
rifling.
maximum
The largest game in the world, the royal Bengal tiger of India, the elephant and the rhinocerous of Central Africa, are now being successfully hunted and slain by men using the .303 caliber Savage rifle. Sportsmen who have
never tried the small-caliber
rifles
and
smokeless
or
powder ammunition
are
somewhat
small
The
expanding
qualities
and extraordinary
velocity,
which
flesh
tissues
of destruction
which
is
re-
RELOADING SHELLS.
In
at
1866,
when
or nothing was
commenced known as to
difficulties
how
the
It
good
be
made.
To
explain
the
a large volume.
officers in
command
Springfield,
of
Frankford
and
the
National
Armory,
any nation.
Up
cartridge,
perfected
small-arms
heavier
of
powder were
introduced,
sire
giving greater
range
and necessity
for soldiers
ically the
demand
for an increased
Until this
shells
made
by
all
making them
this country,
several nations,
making
the
is
Reloading
71
sufficient
elasticity,
wanting
in
The Bridgeport
specially
and
may be used
the
positive in its
the wire of the extractor should break, extra ones are supplied with are put in by unscrewing the plug in the head of the
new one
in the direction of
new
The
shells,
fired,
should always,
if
possible,
in
be
hot water.
Cold water
will clean
When
circumstances render
it
impos-
may be used
shows signs
for
brushing
it
The
shell
is
It is
and
shell.
This
last
operation
likely to cause a
if
of the
shell,
not removed.
into
For
this
in
purpose the
left
scraper
supplied.
Insert
it
about
o''.5
the
shell,
held
hand,
scraper in right; give the shell and scraper a half-turn in opposite directions,
bearing with the scraper only hard enough to take of? the bur.
of
The handle
be fired sev-
scraper and axis of shell should be kept nearly parallel to each other to
mouth
of the shell.
Although the
is
shell
may
md
eventually
fail
it
to enter the
gun-chamber;
re-
:iuired to resize
The
Docket,
shell is
next inserted
loading
die, the
it,
large end
down;
the primer
nay then be
ool
is
home with
the primer-punch
and
mallet.
Considerable
oss of primers
by premature explosion
and a
which
is
used as follows:
72
The
primers
the
the pocket
and the
screw
primer pressed
is
home by means
It
and screw.
The end
surface
of the
of
should be
of
all
the primer.
The Bridgeport
tool
may
the
proper insertion.
The screw
inserted in
tool will
The
shell
is
now ready
for reloading.
It is
mouth
of the die.
level after
measureful of powder
which the
and driven
home
end
with the punch and mallet until the shoulder of the punch touches the
of the die.
The reloading
may be used
will
tridges are of the proper dimensions for entering the chambers of guns.
a rule, any cartridge that
of the
As
gun
freely.
It
it
is,
in fact, a
die
car-
tridges.
To
it
use
as a
gauge
If
insert the
in the small
car-
moving
the
punch,
is
of
When
shells
may
foregoing operation.
But
if
position.
To perform
in
operation,
insert
the
die,
on a bench or
and
mallet
on top
of
the die.
The
In extract-
supports the head of the case and forms a receptacle for exalso supports the head of the shell
ploded primers.
It
on opposite ends
in the
operation of loading and crimping, and the central hole protects the primer
in
driving
home
tlie
bullet,
and
it
punch
setting the
primers.
of the shell from grit or dirt before resizing, to protect the die and shell from
scratches;
cither will
also
that
oil
gets
into
the
case or primer, as
No
it
excess of
oil
should
to rup-
be
left
in
the
chamber
of the
gun or on the
cartridge, as
would tend
ture the case in firing and also temporarily disable the gun.
slight
amount
73
length
their
seems to
prolong the
of reloaded shells.
The tendency
in the
appears to be due to their unequal expansion in the chamber; the front end
being thin
is
is
held by pressure and friction against the walls of the chamber, while the thick
rear end of the shell
rule,
is
As a
to an-
sufficient
all
way
into the
chamber
swer
purposes.
Some
would
and
where such
rapid
in
the cartridge.
the
They
are cheap,
durable,
and
quite
operation
several operators or be
done by one
number
of shells.
gun manufacturers
so
much
when
tested.
One
guns may
another
show superior
with No.
9.
results with
7,
and
still
As
charge of three
dram
more
that
lar
to ensure
Hke results
in the other.
in
Hence
days,
is
exceedingly important
In the old
of such things
is
to-day, a
change
ammunition
in
its
quantity
arm
system of uniform measurement of the charges of powder and shot; the even
74
hori-
zontally on both
powder and
all
shot,
and
in
being grad-
The
is
in the
combination chargers
it
for the
is
to be used.
flat-
There
is
With these
outfits 25, 50 or
One
wad
of the
is
the
use of a first-class
the injurious
is
if
of
felt it
advisable
first
powder
wad
preferred, of the exact size of the internal diameter of the shell and over
this
wad one
or
more
felt
wads one
size
Good
results
methods
of
and two
wads.
is
can be ascertained by experiment some preferring to use one cardboard felt wads over powder, and others one felt between two cardboard
It
is
a question, however,
felt
wads
of any benefit.
of
All that
is
necessary
good wadding
some
kind,
made
it is
conhold
To
top wad
in
on the wad.
There
is
just as
crimping of a paper
there
is
shell to
in the
shooting as
this
making
perfect ammunition.
To perform
75
in the
drawing,
used.
It
heads, followers and pins, and that will turn both the square
is
required for
The square
said to
meet the expelling force of the powder with greater resistance, not
The
guns, however, find that the square crimp will at times catch on entering the chamI
ber,
when being
round crimp
is
required
Uniformity
is
Without
I
it
'and shot; there also must be a uniformity of wadding and ramming; and
least,
it
difference in conditions
Many
rammed very
solidly
is
possible
the lever
up against the crimping head, the shortness of only preventing the cartridge from being crushed.
shells
An
It is
excellent
specific
work
without causing any inconvenience from the others, so frequently found in combination tools.
It is
viz.
a de-capper, re-capper,
rammer and
rammer.
shell extractor, so
common
76
made
of semi-steel castings.
The
lever
is
furnished
making
it
standard length of shells. The improved crimping-head permits the use of Sportsmen who interchangeable pins, to form the square and round crimp.
use a single-shot
rifle
shells,
advance
It
is
and de-capper a
most handy
machined
tool.
opens on the
The
die
"A"
rests
upon
ri
perfectly
seat,
and
"B"
"C."
is
held
by the
knurled
set
screw
be furnished to
the
same
tool.
The
five
all
levers are
ounces.
The
and re-cap
may
be,
It
will seat
any and
all
sizes
pocket of the
re-
Bridgeport
Gun
\2
a combination
10 and
shells of
eni'.s
any make.
12-gauge
bend the
slightly to prevent
has been so
to
whatever
shell
the
sportsman
may
shell,
or short
for
regulated
automatically
a
without
movable sleew
mo-
ment pressure
that there
is
brought upon
of
it.
no danger
the old style de-cappers should one attempt to take ofT a primer requiring
77
it
and depth
of
The very
fective.
It is
excellent
is
made
and .50-70 Government complete) de-capper, powder measure and re-capper, seater, mould, ball consist of bullet
cutter.
wad
ingenious tool for reloading empty cartridge shells has been recently of patented by Walter H. Gripman, of Sioux Falls, South Dakota. By means inserted, accurately primer new this tool the old primer is rapidly expelled, a
An
mouth
of
the
charged
shell.
An
excellent brass
shot shell
78
made
Nos.
lo and 12 gauge.
It is
made
and nickel
plated,
and
It is a
two
styles
the
lever
tool
and
The
new
ball
was devised
to
make
more
is
easy.
By
imparted to the
The
shell,
cartridge
is
contained in the
die.
The
The
die.
with
die
is
its
charge and
bullet, is put
The
far as
will
go
readily.
motion
a
cartridge
into
the
die
through
short distance.
the cartridge, and the die can then be screwed up through a part of one turn.
li
the
die
full
around the
bullet,
to
its
it
will
go
With
this tool
will be
found possible to easily reload the largest cartridges, compressing the powder,
putting the bullet to place, and reducing the shell on the outside to
form.
its
original
By
that
is,
by
lifting the
the die
the
drawn
When
the handle
is
returned to the
Another motion
of the lever
motions
screwed.
its grip,
it
becomes so loosened
in
may be
easily
un-
As soon
and the die and cartridge are taken from the frame together.
little
force, the
Extensive
tained with
experiment
has
shown
rifle,
powder and
bullet
when the
is
shell.
The
bullet
thus
79
its
being-
The
powder
or not as desired), and inserted in the chamber after the bulbullet seater has
check nut to seat the ball any depth desired, and they
be absolutely the
be, to
is
insure
uniform
shooting.
The
.22 up.
implement
It
is
made chamber of
from
sup-
This process
is
impracticable
The
shells are
size,
made
of elastic metal,
and must be
To do
of
this requires
practical,
is
portable
Js
Second. As
primed
in,
is
there
more or
danger attending
this operation.
is
The
bullet
composed of
in,
it,
being
of course,
ing non-elastic, remains to the size comprssed, and the accurate diameter of
the bullet
is lost,
and
it,
it
would be loose
in the shell
were
it
bullet
the
shell,
if
that
is
required.
tool.
is
No.
4,
made by
in itself.
and shown
in the
drawing,
complete
Sizer.
or carry,
bullet
it
performs
it
moulds
the
trifle
which
packs
lubricated,
in
which
the
grease
firmly
the
bullet
perfectly
round and of
[the correct
The
of
80
It
made
The
die
swings upon
is
centers,
die,
also
swung upon
it
through the
in perfect
required
power
with
tool
makes the
tool a
the
same
The
in
die only
all
from
The
of
best
and perfection
handle
all
kinds
powders for
rifles,
pistols
or shot-guns
black,
round, cylindrical,
or leaf-
measuring
all
its
fullest capacity.
The small measure will accurately measure from The graduations for this measure
for
to 35 grains,
will
be found
it
on a
slide,
and are
When
mark,
is
to
The
large
measure
The graduations on
side
measure are on
from the
slide.
sets of
measure,
drachm
to
grains
each
each,
from
from
T)^
140
to
5
The drachm
divisions
are
for
1-4
drachm
1-2
drachms.
set-screw.
may
be fastened with a
in that position
i
Operate the
measurements from
to
35
Fasten
When
their being entirely closed; then be sure and fasten the slide
at the zero
ting at the graduations on the plug, and fasten where desired with the screw.
is
Company
shown
in the
drawing.
entirely
is
to the cut-
the reservoir,
communication between the measure and the powder in before the wadding takes place; so that all the jarring and shaking
81
powder one
atom.
on.-
graduation being for drams and fractions thereof, from one-half dram to
drams,
in
five
graduations of quarter drams, this being the old method for measurino-
is
for grains,
graduation of
five grains, in
measuring
powder
for rifles
and
pistols.
newly compiled comparing black with the various nitro and smokeless powders, will enable the user to measure accurately any of the various powders now on the
rifles,
pistols,
or shotguns.
it
Attention
is
rammer
slide.
This
who
It is
new and
found
The head
powder
and shot
may be
the illustration.
The head
is
made
to turn
thumbscrew
handy for
filling
fits
the
on
mouth
that the
for receiving
shown
powder and
82
shot are deposited into the shell in a direct straight line through the center of the
wad
is
done
not packed high on one side of the shell and low on the other, leaving an uneven
wads
wads forced
which tends to
is
The
the accurate
CARTRIDGE BELTS.
Numerous
tached to
belts
and devices
The Pooler-Jones
either
suitable
for
paper or brass
easily attached to
any hunting
vest,
An
hold from 36 to
50,
The
by wearer to
fit
man, with
waist
measuring from
it
thirty
is
The
intended
all
The
to
The
eral)
was invented
S.
in
Anson
U.
Army.
He
first
made
belt.
belts of canvas,
It
body of the
was
difficult,
or cylindrical,
Orndorff Belt.
and
after
many experiments
in a
method of weaving
the belt
and loops
homogeneous
fabric of cotton.
all
The
and they
belt a neat
83
The
belt thus
formed
to
is
more comfortable
all
Not only
others
who have
ammunition, the
as soon as
The adoption of
y
Clip Bandoleer.
as well as by the National
Guard
ernments, followed
its
who
invented the
is
generally
known
belt,
This belt
is
now
used exclusively by
a military
Army and
it
the
Army
of Great Britain.
It is essentially
where
is
desired to carry a
maximum
of ammunition.
For sporting
in
The
belts
vary
depth from
mches
from
2H
inches to
inch.
In wearing this belt, care should be taken to have the cartridges well set
down
84
in the loops.
with the larger mouth of the loop upwards, and the cartridges extracted as
illustrated in the drawing.
from the
bot-
tom with
their heads
no reasonable
the belt
is
out, just as
worn upside down or thrown about carelessly the cartridges the contents of a soldier's pocket would escape if he hung his
trousers
up by
their legs.
MARKSMANSHIP.
To become
knowledge
skilled
in
marksmanship,
one
must
possess
its
thorougfi
construction,
capabilities,
and
always
in
laws governing the flight of the bullet, and the causes which tend to impress
upon
its
motion certain
irregularities;
make allowance
aimed
at.
The acquirement
panions
the
requisite
skill
to fire accurately
own
comand
of
may
often depend
upon
want
severance,
become
a fair
Any man having perfect vision can, through marksman. Long practice with cartridges is not
fire,
per-
nec-
essary; but a strict compliance with the rules for pointing and aiming, and a
careful study of the causes modifying the accuracy of
will
be sure to lead
to
skill in firing.
When
ply
it
and
its
properties sim-
discussed.
Considering
its
is
below the
it
some
dis-
tance, then
cuts
beyond
this point
it
rises
above the
of sight for
some
is
and cuts
again.
of intersection
With
good
rifle,
or,
other words,
it
will
The progressive
initial
velocity of
of the
bullet being so
its
much
less
than
its
opposed to
motion
of translation
Hence,
85
it
will in reality
passed over point of departure (since the resistance of air causes the spaces causing the thus smaller), and smaller progressively become times to equal in
trajectory in air to be constantly
below and
left
vacuo and
changing
its
From
is
symme-
of ascent,
it
point of culmination
greatly
it
diminished.
will
not only
be struck
the
point
when
at
when
the
trajectory
from such
This distance
greater as the
is
is
greater.
An
object
may
also be struck
when
is
The sum
front
at
make
slight er-
estimating distances;
we can
them
so
long as the errors do not exceed the hmits of the dangerous space. In huntimportance ing, or when firing at an enemy over an unknown distance, the
of
flat
is
trajectory
definitely
is
is
evident
but
it
is
still
dis-
tance
known.
When
sights.
firing at
distance
Any
ordinary
man
can be drilled to
esti-
Distances
may
ter
The
lat-
method
of
no
ground
as an aid.
The
the
stadiometer
similar
triangles
and an application
of
work on an undulating and broken drill ground, where actual chain measurement would be impracticable if not impossible. Prolonged practice and experience in the appreciation of distances are necessary to give the coup d'oeil
that
insures
sufficient
accuracy.
The
practice
'should
be conducted
over
smooth, broken and undulating ground, and frequently from elevated points.
The
all
and
86
The following
on the
bullet,
of the subject:
fire is
interior.
These swells
or ridges,
injurious
by increasing the
efifcct
friction,
may
on the
fire,
produce an irregularity
in its
motion.
The depressions or
swells
change the
false direction.
Another cause
when
its
firing,
axis,
of the bullet as
3.
man
fires,
and pro-
being a
maximum when
fired vertically
The shock
of
decompose the force into two components, one acting through the stock
against the shoulder the other in the direction of the axis of the barrel, tend-
ing to raise
4.
it.
Whatever
When
revolve about
its
and a point on
feet
its
per second.
This
in
connection
with the resistance of the air produces a lateral drifting of the bullet in the
direction in
This
is
known
as drift,
and
is
It
of
translation
The
powder)
500 yards
two
5.
feet.
The
the finger in the direction of the axis of the barrel, without communicating
motion to the
trigger
is
rifle,
hammer
falls.
If
the
the
right.
There should
finger.
to pulled convulsively, the muzzle will be turned be a quick and decided connection between the
mind and
Few men
can pull
off
87
rifle,
at full cock,
on the
off.
and
his
fire
own and
defects of
construction,
The
most
rifles
rifle
I
is
may be
it
sighted
think
best to reis
the
such that
as the leaf
is
use (and
if
field
service
of
The globe
of this sight
so constructed as
to permit the use of all descriptions of sights, detachable pieces of the vari-
ous forms in use being slipped into a slot in the globe and held by a screw.
The Lyman
object.
sight
is
when
the
target
is
moving
When
Its
aiming,
rim
may be
instantly
changed to give
For
It
the
it
moving
objects,
running or
flying,
is
Any
the
may be used
sight
is
with
it,
and
it
may
be put on any
ior shooting
7.
rifle in
It will
cause an inaccuracy of
1
and
this
may
will
go to the
The
bullet
will also
it
;
lower than
left
is
when
proper position.
If
of
its
go
to the right or
and
will
be lowered (range
in its true posi-
when
fire is
Of
course,
if
the
elevations
corresponding
88
be wild.
In determining the
rifle,
avoid
all
proportions and
With
a properly
and the elevating sight accurately graduated, any one can, by care and practice,
become
good marksman.
firer,
is
9.
the faulty
left,
rifle
is
inchned, and
When
firing at
long ranges a
trifling
incUnation to
the right or
10.
left will
throw the
To
the particular
rifle
In aiming raise
the
Upward
motion
acts
against gravity, and has a tendency to prevent any lateral motion of the niuzzle.
away
11.
After firing a few shots on a dry, hot day, the bullets gradually
in
consequence
of
The
barrel
The
bullet.
in
the
air,
The
tem-
bullet
frequently noticed to
fall
immediately after a
air.
Warm
air offers
fall of
20 degrees
in
perature will cause the bullet to lower ten to eleven inches at 300 yards range.
air
rare,
is less
at its base.
in
level districts
become
as are near the ground, and engenders a tendency to shoot too high.
13.
The
is
very remarkable.
On
a bright
When
on the
target,
when the
clear,
target
is
back,
when
the atmosphere
when
the ground
is
level
and
89
in
appearance or when
it
appear
much
nearer,
is
and
will
require
higher elevation.
light
is
The
best shooting
invariably done
evenly diffused.
It as
very
difficult
to shoot well
inter-
It is readily
how
this
listurb-
ance might set up currents in the air which would tend to carry the bullet
its course, and how the rays of light deflected from their course before reaching the eye would cause the target to apparently occupy a false position.
from
It will
i<nd
light
it
should the target remain in the shade while the sun shines on the
14.
The
reflection
as brilliant points
and
come
laterally,
inasmuch as they
the front sight and the opposite side of the rear sight notch, and cause a
The refraction of the sun's rays from become indistinct and to assume the
is at
appearance of motion.
blackened with smoke
15.
if
The
sights
nothing better
The
wind
effect
of the
made
as the
therefor are
is
marksman.
it
Inasmuch
almost im-
is
possible to
make tables of allowances for it. The best skill and judgment of the marksman are brought into play when firing in mountain districts, where there are many cross-currents with which to contend. All winds, except toward the
target,
wind from the rear helps the bullet and tends to high shooting.
Experience
has
shown
it
make
a bull'sis
when
The
inclination
aim
I
far
believe that
coolness,
and
finger,
can,
by practice
shooting.
do
good
The men
teach
in
how
to shoot well,
and
in the
them
90
theoretically.
"Hand-book
for
Hythe"
in
it
is
drill
will,
a few weeks,
make
man
an absurd mistake
fire
distant
when they
hit
scarcely
know
and a shotgun,
and cannot
either.
The regu-
generally preferred.
left
left
Many
thumb.
The advantage of
this posi-
brings
the
Its
left
on the muscles.
disadvantage
body
is
apt
to sway sideways, which must be avoided by placing the feet further apart.
The
Hythe School
left
rifle
but
most marksmen
it
prefer'
while grasping the barrel firmly with the left hand, so as to keep
steady, toi
hold
it
In
all
cases,
it
will
be found
with
lightened
by a firm
grip
the^
The standing
It also
position depends so
much on
of
marksman
firing.
as to prevent that
extreme nicety
aim required
long-
range
oflfers
the
enemy
a better target.
Kneeling
is
to a less extent.
when
front
rank kneel, not only to obtain a steadier position, but to get them out
of the
way
fire.
The
is
favorite
position
for
rifle,
separated, the toes being turned outward, so as to cause the body to hug
the ground as closely as possible.
The
left
under the
rifle (if
left, it
and the
barrel
little
liand.
The
To
of
The
twisted
of
raised, to
the
way
rifle
butt,
closely
ly-
against
Many
of the
best shots at
shoot,
91
Some
lie
slightly
on the right
at
and pressing
sight
favorite
left
from the eye requires a larger aperture than usual. back position. The marksman lies on his back,
The following
is
the
The
arm
is
placed be-
hind the head, the hand firmly grasping the butt of the
left
The
right
In this position, not only the piece, but the entire per-
is
perfectly supported,
is
secured.
Gildersleeve, Coleman,
position,
and
'Sir
at
Wimbledon concede
is
its
advantages.
in
It
is
shooting
The
position.
Face Downwards,
is
advance or
Whether
the
rifleman
shoots
satisit
become
it
he should practice
until
be-
The Lyman ofT-hand rifle rest, shown in the drawing, designed for sighting and testing rifles, is most useful for beginners in rifle shooting. It consists of
[a platform
'target.
[
about
five feet
is
long by three
feet
This platform
boarded up on three
at
On
and
From
so placed that
when
the shooter
stands on the platform the right arm and the left hand rest on this covering, allowing the shooter to take the same position as when shooting off-hand. There are so many riflemen who learn to shoot in bad positions that this rest will not
92
be comfortable to some.
appreciate
it
who
left
who
hold a
rifle
is
when
firing.
it.
One
Jt is
can
learn to
tell
where the
bullet
strikes
before the
marker shows
espe-
cially
good
for the
beginner in
rifle
shooting, for he
flinching.
is
not liable to
habit
of
fall
into
that
all faults,
This
flinching
comes
from the
is
and
recoil.
When
the
rifle is
if
held
is
felt
very
little,
one
to
be a successful shot at any kind of shooting, he must have the courage not to
consider the noise and kick of the gun, for any danger to the shooter
is
simply-
imaginary.
is
many weeks,
due
to
as
it
has no
human
The
rifle,
made
in several styles.
tlie
ttic
better; these
93
rect elevation.
touch the
set trigger
pull,
with the
left
on
recoil.
If the
pinch the trigger and guard with the thumb and forefinger
rifle in
the rest.
In setting up,
it
is
often convenient to
is
mounted,
mount
to the pasters,
and
move
how
is
close
gun
will shoot,
is
then bring the scope again to the pasters and shoot again.
not a necessity in double rest shooting, though
it it
telescope sight
a great
convenience.
With
is
not
firns,
as the sight
for
all
bench
is
best,
and
if
without a scope,
is
an abso-
lute necessity.
Many German-Americans
the
rifle
recommend
palm
rest,
attached to
to aid in holding.
ing, but
shown
in the
drawing,
fits
all
guns and
is
It is
quickly attool.
tached (or detached) to the trigger guard or lever without using any
position
rigid
Its
on the lever or guard enables the marksman to hold perfectly firm and
at the
and
same time
to obtain a
body
rest,
free
rest is
It
and increased accuracy which naturally follows. made so as to be unscrewed for carrying without changing
recoil
desired).
The shank
is
by the telescoping tube and taper nut, and for position to or from the body, by shank changing the position of the check nuts on the shank, so as to allow the
to
Many
and thus be
94
or use a light
The
some
palm
rest base.
One
section
is
so con-
adjustment.
great variety of heel-plates and recoil pads are used by sportsmen at the
present time.
The
gun
and
The
and
in addition a small
is
The
stock
of the gun
applied at
not altered in any manner, and the original butt-plate can be re-
will.
that,
when using
this contrivance,
the
effect of recoil
much
as
no
grains
The
benefits ac-
Beginners
will not
efficiently carried
on than
is
prac-
to the bruising
;
and, the
powder charge
amnumition
in
other
weapon more
effective.
It is
The drop-
result in
accident.
In
repeating
in the
it,
bullet of
one
gun might
would be
The
liabilit}-
accident
rractical
rifle
is
that
when
arm with
By
was permilted
in
all
C()mi)etitions held
under
95
made
to
fit
It
fit,
put on and taken off again, and besides making a too crooked gun
gun
like the
as necessities by
many
kinds of shooting.
IMPACT.
In order to arrive at a clear understanding of what takes place
tion of a projectile
is
when
the
mo-
medium,
it
is
necessary to recall
The
manner manner
in in
which a which
its
projectile acquires
velocity, is a
good
illustration of the
motion
is
destroyed.
If the
mean pressure
of the gas be
its
velocity,
it
work done by
how
or
by what means
at
may
be brought to
rest.
The same
result
is
generally arrived
mentioned, and multiplying the square of the velocity by one-half of the mass of
the projectile.
The following
upon any
solid
of a projectile
their relative
Compression.
The
;
first effort
of impact
first
is
to
and target
coming
imme-
behind them
the
amount of
this
in penetrating Elongation.The greater part of the work of the tenacity of the the overcoming in wrought-iron and similar materials is expended
projectile
This
is
evident
when we
90
bending
it,
and
afterwards puUing
Shearing.
tioned.
it
in
two lengthwise.
stated, consists chiefly in the
This, as just
two
strains already
men-
Bending.
This
and compression
is al-
The
is
friction
is
in the case
of the
more pointed
form of
Heat.
jectile
projectile,
projectile.
is,
This
of the pro-
which
this heat is
generated
known
PENETRATION.
The most common substances encountered by
wood,
etc.
projectiles are
:
arranged
air. z^'ater,
in the
sand,
steel,
hardened
may
in
continuation of
force,
the series.
and
weight.
The
front and
laterally,
relieved by
is
its
motion of
in
small
amount of
resistance
also
met with
due
to the cohesion
among
the particles.
Sand, being a
or
at
made up
It
strength."
cannot be penetrated
at a
the grains, and the higher the velocity the greater the
in this
manner.
force beyond the clastic limits, and involves indirectly tensile strength, since a solid
in
of tension.
97
In penetrating wood, lead, or any of the other materials, "tensile strength" forms
and
friction
become of minor
importance.
The
office
of elasticity in
all
these cases
is
from those
upon
to those
calling into
may
be
and were
it
would
be entirely independent of the thickness of the plate; a thick plate would offer
no greater resistance than a thin one, since each layer or unit of thickness would
be perforated without receiving any assistance from
its
neighbors.
The work of
penetration would then vary directly with the distance penetrated, or the thickness
of the plate
penetration,
the
;
elasticity,
however, has
this
it
its
maximum
and beyond
fibers or
While increasing
number of
ance opposes the motion of the projectile in like ratio; and the amount of motion
destroyed or generated increases with the time as well as with the force or resistance.
For
this reason
hardened
steel
and
much
may
sufficiently extended.
flat
The
respective motions of a
:
projectile
on oblique improjectile,
It is
on
which
it
While,
if
the
more deeply
than the
flat
moving forward,
its
so that
or nearly so, to the face of the plate, having then only the least thickness to penetrate.
It is difficult
to obtain for
flat
and
same material
little
used, as
its
form
is
so objec-
tionable,
On
the whole,
it
may
be said that
in the case
when
98
there
is little
flat
but
when
the target
head
indent.
The impact
duces more or
point of impact
damage
at a distance
from the
which
is
may
The
effect of concussion
directions, in
the same
ial.
manner
as sound-waves,
elasticity of the
materit
Whatever tends
into
many
pieces, or using soft ductile material to receive the projectile, will diminish
This effect
in
is
expended
;
in
two ways
in
First, in giving
developing inertia
and, Second,
overcoming the
first
acted upon
Generally speaking, the penetrative effect depends on the shape and material of
the projectile, on the target.
It is
its
it
strikes
and
steel plates,
or masonry, or earth,
suffice to give
may
I
be determined by experiment.
results
;
approximate
In consequence
of the varying qualities of resistance both in projectiles and targets, the variation in shape of the projectile
on impact, the
breaking
j
amount
cannot be made.
TARGET PRACTICE.
In the United States, as in the Armies of other Countries, no instruction of]
in the
The
method of
weapons of
sighting,
its
day
;
with no rear sight the front sight alone did not permit of any accurate aim
sufficient
yet
itself.
rifle-musket
was generally
issued in 1854,
it
was recognized
that
the
re-
quired
be
General Orders
De-
cember of
letter
from
99
which that
marked
seven at 300 yards, nine each at 400 and 500, and 10 each at 600 and 700 yards.
which
it
was sug-
gested that the slide on the sight might be adjusted, or in case of slight difference, by the soldier taking a finer or coarser sight.
That
it
was presumed
their
that
size,
targets
would be employed,
is
letter,
is
though as to
silent.
No method
was no
of instrucoffi-
was
who,
company
knowledge on the
subject,
better informed
than the
War
Department.
little
these circum-
stances, very
instruction of
soon became
made
to
skill
improvement
with
ball cartridge,
he proposed
to
him
at
views on the subject, and to state whether in their opinion the practice should be weekly, monthly, or quarterly; what number of rounds per man should be al-
at
each
practice;
under
what
skill
regulation
should be
held out, together with such further suggestions as their knowledge and experience should enable
them
to furnish.
The
from
comprehen-
afiford sufficient
material
ress
Henry Heth,
loth Infantry,
was directed
to
draw
with the replies received under General Scott's Circular of the preceding year,
on the subject.
War
on March
1858.
In his pre-
is
chiefly a translation
with
little
or no change
if
He
had been
100
rendered by Major T. Williams, 4th Artillery, and Brevet Major Fitz-John Porter,
assistance
The methods
drills,
subsequently firing with caps or candle practice, and finally estimating distance,
drill
as
all
For
ball practice
it
was pre5(X),
scribed that the targets be placed at 150, 225, 250, 300, 325. 350, 400, 450,
550, 600, 700, 800,
was
600
feet high,
and
either 22 inches
no
^nd 20
inches.
Four rounds
were
first
Company was
prising those
com-
number of
ond
class of those
who came
Three exercises
each
gets
drill, five
in skirmish firing
fired at
when
retreating.
;
The number
of tar-
was only
they were 6 feet high and 22 inches broad and placed six yards apart,
was
opened when the Company had arrived within a range of 350 yards, the point
retreat
stated.
at
In
opened
600
In the third practice the width of the targets was increased to 88 inches,
to fire w'hen at a distance of
at the distances, 300, at
Company commenced
800 yards.
Both
file
and
volley firing
each distance.
greatly aided by the
In the
first
Army was
"Manual of
George
York.
rifle
W.
New
and
his system,
undoubtedly
best extant,
ticulars,
it
In
some par-
was
Army
use.
About
a result.
Wingate and Farrow's System of Target Practice was prepared and sub-
mitted to the
War
Department.
The
author,
who had
l)cen in
command
of In-
101
many
This
War
was announced
as the
System allowed
Army
The order
further
were
to be obtained
XII
lA
RING TARGET
setting
them up
This
shelters, etc.,
men
at each
Post
in the
hands of an Instruc-
size of the
command
fire
required.
Company
a
officers,
annually
as As-
number of
men
Musketry Instructor.
exercises in
which the soldier was taught successfully to take the best position for holding the
rifle,
to
aim
In
it
accurately, hold
it
steadily
and
deranging
the aim.
firing,
were perto,
but
For range
Na-
102
practice
commenced
at
loo yards,
each
man
Each man
was, however, prohibited from firing more than 15 shots, or from practicing at
commanding
the
Department of
with their comthe extra and
all
Company
officers to practice
all
men
of the
Company.
He
prescribed that
all firing
should
commence
one firing
at least
one score of
manner was
to be
The
percentages,
announcing
to his
Command
is
lows:
"No one
men
men
to learn
how
to
same
in all
Companies and
at all Posts.
Nearly
the
its
character.
ber
It cannot be supposed that there are any essential differences in the averages of
which the
Army
organ-
divided.
in different
izations
must be due
who command
in
Where
good
which pre;
practice
intelligent
and zealous
where
not only
their inter-
their instruction,
endeavor to excite emulation by practicing with their men and by becoming good
shots themselves, excellent results will assuredly follow."
S.
E. Blunt, of the
ask-
mg
were
solicited.
As compared with
it
103
all the phases of range firing up to that for the grade of sharpshooter; the incorpora-
and records
the
adoption of targets, both for range and skirmish firing, which would most pro-
ac-
quired would prove most efficacious in war, and especially the measures taken to
insure careful attention to the skirmish firing; and to further and increase the
control of the officer over his
men on
most essential of
all
of the
Company.
The National
following year a
cxx) to the
Rifle Association of
bill
in
Nov. 1871.
The
was passed
in ihe
New York
sum
City of
New York
at
raised $5,000.
first
Land
400
was purchased
Creedmoor, L.
1.,
and a range
built.
The
meeting was
held in the Spring of 1873, ^^ local teams contested four matches at 200 and
yards, on iron targets with square bull's eyes.
the 22d Regiment, N. G. N. Y. team.
tional
ica,
won by
interna-
at this
and was won for the American team by a member of that team making a
eye on his last shot.
bull's
the
at
international
tournament
Creedmoor
which the teams from Ireland, Scotland, Australia and Canada com-
The
was
rifle
shoot-
Rifle associations
many
lected.
The
of the Association
the "Soldier of
in 1875.
first
and
to send
Marathon," a
New York
to the Association
New
to enter the
Three years
later the
the gift of
is
This trophy
104
In 1880 the
Army
now
The
try
vokmteers to and there was universal regret expressed among the citizen soldiery when, after 1885, the army teams were withdrawn from these contests.
and
The
the
pinacle of success
prizes
in the
year 1878,
when
This
number of
amounted
when
gan
to
wane.
From
many
individuals had
else
To
this fact
was due
New
of
rifle
sports
now began
to
amuse
With
number
of
it
and
less, until
became rare
to see
States represented.
Finally
the finances of the Association reached such a low ebb that the repairs necessary
to keep the range in shape for the National
Guard
made and
following
The
last
in
1891.
The
year the
officers of the
New
programme of
to
its
annual meeting,
for
be
shot
annually.
These three
SOLDIER OF MARATHON
HILTON TROPHY
at
Sea
Girt.
The
liberal
last
New
was
recently decided to
organize a
tests.
new
105
of the
life
was found
that
it
was
quorum
When
of
had been done the new board of directors adopted the by-laws and elected
new
management
new
people.
new
life
and enthusiasm.
will
The Association
own no
ranges
it
will not be a
commercial enterprise
its
advancement of the
will
determine the
Its
decide
how matches
grand-
make
that
they would
be called
on to use
in case of
its
merits or
demerits, and
how
it
can be improved.
fitted for
The
"position" and
in
''aiming driU"
-.heir
sting
among them
enables
them
to soon apply
instruction they
lave received.
for this jood individual shots, so as to constitute a good regimental "team," and
in
in
mind
to secure
as riflemen.
More
Nor
will
learly demonstrated at
Creedmoor than
that shooting
a matter of education,
instruction will not only make the :nd it will be found that a thorough course of a number of "crack" shots develop invariably but egiment efficient as a whole,
without the qualifications rom among those who supposed themselves to be "Marksmen" the better the chances uisite for a "Marksman," and the more
strong "team."
for the National Guard.
it
re-
for
Candle practice
ives
is
specially to be
recommended
It
may
be per-
Drmed simultaneously by an
ratum.
a great desid-
men
at a
106
be fired
preferable to candles.
at,
Some
hav-
ing the bull's-eye cut out, the flame appearing just behind
"bull's-eye" extinguishes
it.
center, so that a
When
it
is
an advantage to insert
them
in a
tube with a spiral spring, so as to always keep the flame in one position,
as in a carriage lamp.
moved
room
does not contain sufficient fulminate to extinguish the flame at a distance of three
feet
with certainty.
found to
the
result
The
shells
made by
to this
practice.
at
The cone-shaped
them blows
out,
practice expensive.
Neither the Remington shell nor that made by the United States Cartridge Com-
pany
is liable
to this objection,
and
is
in both, the
enlarged.
As
explosion of the primer, care must be taken in this practice never to aim in any
direction
it.
The main
drill
of
the
National
at
Guard
at tHeir armories,
and practice
the range be but occasional, "not to learn, but to test what has been learned."
Officers should, therefore, devote
all
and aiming
drill,
As
these are
in,
this
portion of the
drill
It is, therefore,
recom-
mended
that the
men
each aiming
drill.
With men
at a volley, in
two
is
those
shots.
men
in
tiic latter
cannot
be had
who have
107
shooters derive as
much
Short Range Practice, and shooting small game, as they do at the regular
range, or
when on
their
in at a
much
but
less
expense, and in the ofT-season, which not only keeps them in practice,
aflfords
many hours
of
keen
enjo}Tnent.
and
shooter should
he
may
have.
Armory
or Gallery Practice
is
is
also
great efficiency
range conical
bullets.
in the
The marked
Gallery
to per-
improvement
in a great
Armory and
Practice that
fect
Gallery Practice.
is
The
rifle at
Armory or
it,
and tend
him
in the
This feature
is
is
recognized by the
fixed as a
Armory
Practice
if
now permanently
range.
The U.
S.
Marine Corps
officials at
facts,
45-210 grain bullet for their short range work, after which they
bullet,
gave orders for a quantity of the Ideal Armory moulds for that
which are
in the Service.
The whole
of the
New York
served with these moulds cut for the round, 210 grain special, and other bullets
as desired.
If
is
quicker.
The high-grade
rifle
full
charge
cartridges,
work
from
5 to 15 grains,
distance to be shot.
Some
BuPont's, "E. C.," Schultze, King's, Oriental and Walsrode, are not proper for
full
charge
rifle
if
used in
from
5 to 10 grains.
King's F. F. F. G. semi-smokeis
powder
is
also good.
and the
bullet, if
grooved,
is
The air
rifle
and
very good
work
is
ordinarily secured
from
this
ammunition, but
the shooter
with muzzle
powder
falling
shell
to his shoulder,
We,
ball
therefore,
advise a
little
soft cotton
The round
is
for the
108
consid-
erably hard,
and
without ex-
panding
so
it
it.
The round
hard,
more
liable to
hold to the
rifling.
If too
much powder
barrel.
ball,
jump
the rifling
The cause
of dissatisfaction to
tried the
much
pow^der,
and the
about one-eighth of an inch below the muzzle, and run a drop of melted lubricant
shell
in contact.
Some
think, in
away down
in the shell
on a
We
many
it
may
it
necessitates the
movement
before
if
and
may
especially
It is
there
and the
rifling.
an acknowledged
We
method would
The
is
actual size,
and
it
subject in hand.
Number
'95
;
Winchester model
twist,
10 inches
No.
i; quantity,
W.
The
Winchester;
bullet being
it
&
which
snug for a
bullet .308, so
shell,
and tapped
Tjubrication
lightly, so as to
make
Bullet
on the outside.
rest.
was
one
part tin to
19 of lead.
Shot from a
109
no portion of
ritic
practice
more important
tlian
understanding
how
to estimate distance,
how such
problem for an
National Guard.
but in the
cities,
when upon
the range
and not
to
liring, to
to
accustom themselves
judge distances
accurate marks-
way
how
men
they
may
if
distance of an enemy.
may
be
as
valuable
^
comrades
readil}-,
at that distance.
At
100 yards he should notice those parts which are clearly visible, and his attention
drawn
The lineaments
down
individually,
are,
however, perfectly
etc.,
visible.
;
At 225
'
boxes,
are
still
visible
now
At about 250 yards he can distinguish only the different parts of the body and the rifle. At about 450 yards, the direction of the line of march and the movement of the rifles can be detected, and in cavalry the helmet, cuirass,
!
the cap.
small round
off.
men
in
distinguishstill
ap-
parent.
At 2,000
all officers,
and particularly
in the
National Guard, to
whom
made
to visit
my
"ight to
hey
will
To prevent accidents and insure the enman should be required to enter his name men who are the first to arrive should have the at which they wish to fire. As the men arrive, squads, each squad electing a captain, who will
All arriving subsequently are
.nust
:.re
make
a detail
from
properly relieved.
laid
The
bove
whether accident-
110
tered as a miss.
The men
last at the
hauled down, and the appurtenances belonging to the range replaced where they
belong, or returned to the keeper.
find out
is
only intended
to
and acquire a
practical knowl-
edge of elevations and the allowances required for wind and weather.
therefore, extreme deliberation should be used.
In
all cases,
No
advantage
is
gained by
firing
aii
at a distance;
a positive detriment.
Eacii
its
results noted
and remembered.
The
captain of each squad, or of a team, should give special attention to this sub-
ject, as
not only will the expense of the practice be greatly reduced, but the quality
The
first
is its
safety,
While
it is
impossible to lay
down
No
it
ground
is
is
to be selected
at least
most important that the ground behind the targets should be thoroughly comcertain points sufficiently clear of the line of fire to insure safety to
manded from
the look-out
men who
fire
may
be
easily
hill is
generally to be preferred, as
targets
commanded
one
uphill.
The
pairs, with
an interval not
than
10 yards between each target, and with a margin of at least 40 yards at the sides;
the
minimum breadth
practice
all
When, however,
the
number
to be exer-
large,
limited, a
number
of
may
as
if
for a pair, a
margin being
left at
40 yards.
number
upon the
is
shown
at
in
each side of the outer ranges, should gradually increase from 40 to 80 yards,
those cases
in
when
the
may
il
111
made
to converge.
The
must never be
in pairs,
A
is
less distance
a steep
hill
it.
Gen-
in rear of the
'Hup
mmWV,
^4'
-4
LYMAN TARGET FOR RAPID
.
FIRING
The height
of this
must
If the
from 35
to
40
feet high,
less
and when
firing
in height will
be
sufficient.
On some ground
hill
To
if
a smaller
angle than
this,
it
112
chet,
The
be
less
than 45
feet,
They
obstacles,
and keep
in repair.
it
The number
of each tar-
Where
there are a
number of
targets these
num-
figures,
made by
crowded
lic
more
short,
In
is
and the danger of injury to the pubbe thrown across the practice ground
may
and width as
to per-
all
These
are sometimes high arches of cast-iron, and sometimes upright barriers of stout
plank.
Two
made
fur-
rowed so as
and
glance downwards.
difficult to
place
them properly,
but because they confine the firing to a single distance, and render the appearance
of the target as visible through the apertures so dififerent from what
the "open" as to deprive those using them of
it
presents in
many
be derived from target practice, and particularly from acquiring a practical knowl-
edge of distance.
ball
who
dom
firing will be
Every range
is
to be carefully
and accurate! v
50
commencing
at
These pegs
also
serve
as
wrong
To
if
avoid the sun. the targets must be placed at the northern end of the range: or
that
is
mence
there
and gradually
retire.
Consequently, as
is
not likely to be as
much
may
tensive range, the targets being placed at the broadest part, and the firing points
is
increased.
Several
flag-staflFs
should be placed
make
113
to the rifle
is
by no means a new
rifles,
idea,
it
hoavever,
more necessary
in
this
age of high-power
whose
It
is,
killing
there-
obvious that the application of the telescope to arms of this type renders
at
them
The
universal
guns of
them.
this
sort has
the
adaptation
of
the
telescope to
is
great advantage
ward
sight,
which increases
in
The
is
same
as that
enabled to
telescope, equipped as
is
with delicate
observations
when
great distances.
To
and
Figure
i.
clearly
at the
;illuminated
throughout;
the
cross^hairs
must
intersect
one anotlier
The mountthat
ings securing
to the
gun should be
universally adjustable,
and so made
repeated firing with heavy charges will not jar the telescope, or in any wise alter
its
to
The
telescope
gun
that
it
can be set quickly and easily for the required ranges and to compensate
for errors
I
due to wind.
it
who
in
Those
after big
game
in
114
sighting
moving
objects.
The
different varieties
one-half to twenty diameters, and have such marked illumination that in feeble
and uncertain
distinctly seen.
light objects
Objects invisible to the naked eye after dusk are thus rendered
clearly visible.
For
guns
at long
S
Figure
2.
range, the stronger powers are most suitable, while for hunting, the lower ones are preferable.
The
gensen
piece,
telescope
States
military
rifle
the
Krag-Jor-
achromatic eyepiece as well, which features fully develop the optical properties
of the glass and give to the telescope an exceptionally large,
flat
and
fully illu-
minated
field,
relief.
The
lenses forming
made from
Figure
glass,
3.
loss of
light,
thereby
The non-breakable
cross-hairs
are placed exactly within the focus of the eye lens of the eyepiece and are distinctly seen
under
all
conditions.
in
their cells,
Optical
Company make
115
and one
center, all
quired.
The
side
on the
side.
When
but
the side
mounting
is
Lyman
removed
when
the central
mounting
must be taken
off.
By
the
tel-
means
escope to the
for this
perfected.
asmuch
in
some
would quickly
with
relation to the
gun
after firing a
Figure
4.
giving extreme rigidity and wide range of adjustment, together with a compact
made
gun
power.
telescope
rifles
Thus
is
when
the
On
mounted on
left side
of gun, and'
lube length
may
gun
come
into
way
are
more compact,
also.
lighter
and more
i,
easily
adjusted,
Figures
rifle,
2 and 3 show
the telescope
the Winchester
maga-
zine
rifle
45-90, and
respectively.
ne
possible.
It
mounting, designed for holding the telescope upon the side of the
as close as
The
The Duplex
rifle
telescopes,
]\Iont-
are highly
prized by sportsmen.
steel
They
browned
steel tubes,
with
rifle barrel,
the elevations
The wind-gauge
is
central point
placed
When
when
vertical
is
but
the target
shows
being
deflected
is
on the
is
bull's-eye,
exact.
With
changed,
Figure
the symmetrical appearance of the
5.
arm
is
The microscopic
game
or target,
rifle
certainty.
The
many
and
in its rigid
attachments to the
barrel,
its
wide
in
field
making
it
easy to do accurate
sight.
work
can be
18-inch,
Figure 5 shows a
mounted with an
A
is
practical
:
method of
where no
this
Place the
rifle in
rifle
and place a
rifle
in
diameter, on
it.
now
117
put the one with the lightest base in front, and turn the screws just barely sufficient
Now
on top of the
scope.
barrel
tele-
on the
same height
as the white
if it
deepest;
if
To
ascertain
how much,
put a
slip of
metal under one hanging just sufficient to cause the globe to point at the white
center and use
it
to secure a nice
fit
and have both hangings in line. When the hangings are set in the telescope and arrange it so that the vertical line exactly corit
While
it is
thus held in this position, bore and tap the holes in the front
is
end of telescope and insert the screws through the front hangings and the work
complete.
It
rifles
do not shoot
better to
move
slot,
be placed
shoot
of the
rifles
fall
from gravity.
This
is
owning
has
its
rifle
own
peculiar habit.
Perhaps an approximate
at thirty yards,
it
rifle
and
if it is
is
well to
By may be
The
of
An excellent telescope sight manufactured by the Julius King Optical Company New York, shown in Figure 6, is made in three styles and is optically arranged
always in focus for objects distant from 10 to 5,000 yards, rendering them
to be
perfectly clear
and
distinct.
The
field
presented to view
is
and
flat,
The
is
such that
when
one-half inches from the eye piece; this prevents any injury to the eye from the
recoil of the
slide.
The
at
118
tubing which
is
and waterproof.
The
objective
is
Figure
6.
and
is
casing, to protect
light,
placed one and one-half inches back from the forward opening of the steel of it from the danger of being broken and from oblique rays
telescope both a day and night glass.
making the
for attaching
to the center or
of the side of the barrel, the latter being most frequently usd to admit of the use
open,
Lyman, or telescopic sight. The mountings are adjustable so that the gim sight be quickly and accurately sighted to any desired range. This telescope it than larger times twenty four to from appear magnifies an object and makes it
may
really
is
is.
The
result
is
obvious.
an object
and uncertain
would be
practically
invisible to the
naked
rifle
eye.
The Malcolm
Manufacturing
telescope,
Co., Syracuse,
Figure
7,
attached to a
Win-
CJ)
(|)
(p
(J3
6
Figure
Chester
is
7.
rifle,
made of
is
all
Special attention
They
are
made
inches. given to the construction of short glasses, from 12 to 20 two sizes together, thereby
119
getting a larger tube in front for a large obstructive and a smaller tube in rear
In so doing
we
also gain otherwise, in producing a very large field with sufficient light for the places, such as dense woods o-lass to be used in very dark days and in all kinds of
it
an excellent hunting
It
sight.
There
is
an unique
consists in cutting
two
end
and
In looking through
If perfectly stationary
move you must unloosen both and move the setting forward or
where the cross-hair stands
still
the other
way
until
you
No
is
matter
corrected.
how much you shift your eye, tighten down Now, to focus the glass correctly for diswhere that
is
done; by unloosen-
ing the screw the object lense setting can be shifted forward and back, as the
case
may
;
require.
The
yards
These glasses
made
to
fit all
rifles.
An
excellent
in
rifle
telescope,
8,
and shown
Figure
it
on the Savage
has the
split sleeve,
and
its
advandif-
gives
more
adjustability
Figure
ferent rifles
to
8.
differs in length.
If a
change
is
desired
all
one has
it
do
is
to loosen
up where
is
wanted.
The
principle
Towards
the front
it
is
can be
moved
to
and
far
distances.
in position.
split sleeve
grades of telescopes.
120
The John
Most
their introduction
and are
in
use by
many
carefully
made
in all respects,
in its class,
desired.
in
on a repeating
in the
deep woods,
Figure
and, by reason of
ing
it
9.
Figure
field,
10.
its
large
for
game on
the run.
These
qualifications, adaptits
particularly to hunting
and
ofif-hand purposes,
numbers by hunters of
kinds of game,
from the
squirrel
and woodchuck
to the moose.
is
It is also particularly
adapted
to off-hand target
work where
this
desirable.
Figure
ii.
is,
shot telescope
primarily, a
first class
huntiner
it
to
and when
fitted
diameters,
it
up
to
200 yards.
When
object-glass
used, the
power
is
three diameters.
121
made with
by a
in the elevation,
the only
way
in
On
the
Remington
rifle
On
is
1-92 of
100 yards.
On
rifle
the Sharps
i
rifle
each sub-division
is
ing theoretically to
or sight a
[i
As no man can
hold
is
at
rifles
two inches
is,
The
sub-divisions
upon the
in practice to
two inches
at
As
the errors incident to aiming at long range will, in most cases, increase the
effect of
1
any alteration
elevations
must
also be recollected
TARrrT
and as
it
becomes more
likely to
be affected by currents of
is
air.
The
effect of
wdnd,
etc.,
increases in a
in the elevation at
and 3
at
1,000.
The proportions
bullet,
the above sketch are exaggerated with respect to the size of the
In estimat-
power of any
it
is
trajectory, the
rifle
from the
muzzle of the
fer to
light,
where
it
The
size, as
affording more
to be taken.
;
sight, discs
and
it
by some of the Irish team that they have, in foggy or dark weather, done good
shooting by removing the disc entirely, so as to leave an aperture of nearly a
quarter of an inch.
disc,
with a
The
vernier sight
is
usuall\- placed
upon
122
who
is
When
the latter
makes the
dis-
when
small of the stock, and consequently a proportionately greater allowance both for
elevation and
wind
will
be required.
sights adapted
rifles
the following directions given for \\'inchester repeating and single shot
should be observed
The
rifle
its
the shoulder, yet not so tightly as to cause any nuiscular strain or tremor, and
muzzle brought
somewhat below
the
The
center of
the notch in the rear sight should then be brought into direct alignment with the
front sight
;
tip
1-32 of an inch above the bottom of the notch of the rear sight, or so
much
as
may
With
same
muzzle of the
rifle
tip
touch
With aperture
aperture in the bead should "ring" the bull's-eye, allowing a thin white ring to
show
When
Lyman
pattern,
manner
as described
is
or to
rifle
receiver; and,
as most of the
V notched
barrel as to inter-
peep sight,
put on the
it is
recommended
that
rifle,
made
upon the
target,
due
to a
difference in the
shooters.
manner of holding
the sights,
is
among
This
is
sometimes caused by imperfect vision: astigmatism, far-sightedAstigmatism, or defective eyesight due to a spoonlines in certain tlirections to
;
ness, or near-sightedness.
be seen more clearly than in others, will distort the appearance of the sights in various ways, dependent on the character of the defect, thus ])roducing an incorrect holding, both with respect to lateral alignment
and elevation.
Far-sightednes>
the accuwill cause a blurring of the rear sight, while near-sightedness will affect
123
bull's-eye.
It,
comes necessary
the shooter's
accommodate the
it
rifle
to
own manner
of sighting.
When
rifle
this is done,
should be rememsight
may
be
towards which
opposite effect.
rifle will
For example,
is
;
moved towards
if
moved
to-
wards the
if
is filed off,
or a
will
cause the
|g|.
rule for adjusting sights
tip
rifle
to shoot higher,
and so on.
This
when aiming,
is
target.
When
be found advantageous,
when using an
ivory bead or
smoke the
tin
with a match,
when shooting on a
When
firing either
higher than
To
the sporting rear sight, the slide on the front of the horn can be raised or lowered
The graduated
scale
on the
leaf of the
is
laid off
in decimal parts of
therefore, be used as a range-sight only after the rifle has been targeted at the
marked on
the leaf.
be adjusted
All front sights, rear sights, or blanks fitting into a dovetailed cut in the barrel,
should be driven into place from the right-hand side of the barrel, and driven out,
If
necessary,
from the
left.
to, as
the sight
would not only be mutilated, but the barrel dented or thrown out
its
shooting.
If
it is
in
too tightly,
file.
its
base
may
The
If the sight is so
loose as to render
be inserted under
its
it
in,
or the dovetail on
its
base
may may be
124
Tne Pope rear wind gauge and elevating sight is most convenient and accurate. Wind and elevating movements are entirely separate, so moving one can not disturb the other. One hole movement of either elevating nuts or wind screw equals
I
ijidi 0)1
a 200-yard target.
The two
pin,
in the
head of the
worn upon
as i)refe:r'?d.
looseness of
These nuts
be
left
are usually set firmly, so they can not be accidentally moved, but
as to
may
so
move with
the fingers
if
desired.
dififers
construclion by passing through a bearing at both ends of the frame and by having
occurs,
all
that is
nccessarv to correct
it is
to
from
end of
screv.' if
necessary.
For over
their rifles,
Buckhorn
sights on
j
side
adjustment for
drift
or windage, while
for elevation the steps are very coarse, impossible of being finely adjusted.
rifles
Many
when
are
satisfactory results,
in
most cases
rifle
is
Every user
,
of a
However
carefully rifles
own may
in the factor}-,
it
is
a well
known
is
shown
.
drawing,
It
is
is
W.
scientifically designed,
much
practical
shooting
experience.
All
method
Colt,
It is
Remington, and
rifles
having a rear
The
125
The Barger
sight,
which
in a
which
so placed
it
When
bird
is
visible
is
kill
should be a
certainty.
charge of shot
at a distance of
40 yards,
will scatter
it
over a circular
be found that
space
there
some 36 inches
is
in diameter.
will
that a bird at
any point
it
cannot escape.
This sight
is
made
at all
In other words,
the gun,
if
if
properly charged,
at its
maximum
is
efficiency.
For
evident
to the
that
owing
fact that
difficult,
must be brought
The
only
is
to target
it.
gested:
Remove
the old sight, place the Barger sight in position half an inch
it
properly.
On
same
:
given
for
example
if
30 inches
in
is
in
in diameter,
so
one
at the top,
one at the
at the
Then,
rounds
all
when you
fire.
charge
is
evenly distributed
over the target, with the thickest portion of the shot at or near the center, the
is
gun
right
is
not right,
126
elevation
and
still
have a
p^reat
advantage over
little
more
elevation
owing
in
an inch
to
FOULING.
Every sportsman knows the value of keeping
smooth working order.
his
gun
carefully cleaned
and
in
No gun
will
fouled with the residuum from burned powder, and rust-pitted from neglect and
failure to use the proper cleaning implements.
It
is
nitro
and high powders gun barrels are not so greatly affected and do not become
when
powder
were
in
There
its
;
is
will not to
the
highly
so
gun
it
barrel
slightest
amount of residuum
remaining, retaining, as
barrels.
takes
care of his
gun
as carefully as he
watch
is
the sportsman
who
work out
of
it
Neglect or
which a gun
away
shooting will affect, not only the Hfe of the barrels, but their shooting qualities
as
v.'ell.
Particularly
in.
is
ing
less
is
indulged
Salt or
damp
is
evil effects
is
much more
The
more
The grooves
gun
barrel.
of a
rifle
much
rifle
trap- or field-shooter.
In the
the barrel
it
moment
arrives
Any
the passage of a
rifle ball
where
it
affect a
charge of shot
in
a smooth-bore gun.
Revolvers, like
rifles,
owing
to the
grooved
127
barrel.
weapon of smooth-bore
No
better evidence of the fact that a foul revolver barrel will affect the
is
marksneeded than the frequency with which the expert tarat practice or in competition.
weapon while
it
The
limited
it
leaves the
chamber
there
but
little
be
lost
or
affected at any period of the bullet's passage as the result of a foul or pitted barrel.
It is
important, therefore, not only that the parts of a revolver be kept well
free
oiled
and
in
when
from foreign substance, but that the barrel be frequently cleaned it be kept absolutely free from pits.
city,
and
The treatment
making
up
is
the surface hard and smooth, and penetrating them and preventing the entrance of ravaging agents.
pits
fill
re-
arrested.
It
strength.
The treatment
may
be equally well
gun
most satisfactory
results.
what
is
now on the market. The Budd-Petmecky and Gun Implement Company are excellent. Recently
popular.
It is
made on
to
the
same
is
round.
hook
is fitted
which a string cleaner may be attached, the weight dropped through the and then the wick, after having been saturated with oil, pulled into the
fill
barrel so as to completely
it
to the other.
GUN SAFETIES.
Among
the wonders which have been accomplished in
last
all lines
of invention and
manufacturing during he
may have
markable, certainly none have been more interesting to the enthusiastic sports-
man than
modern shotgun.
members
of
the sportsmen's fraternity did their first shooting with the old double-barrelled,
it
a perfect shotgun.
In that
comparatively short term of years they have watched step by step the introduction of the breech loader, the rise
and
fall
way
to the center
fire,
128
lately
hammer ^un
to take
powder
it
gun
may
may
Going back
to the old
muzzle loader
we had
w^ays
a fruitful source of accident in the fact that after discharging one barrel,
hammer on
was
With
the introduc-
class,
hammers
to
guard against.
on the
safe
hammers down
was the
the
firing pins
who
way
to carry a
gun) when
it
if
the
though
it
were
intenin the
The rebounding
removed
There
this
still
direction of safety
was accomplished.
and that was the hammers catching on brush, clothing, or other objects, and
drawn back
so that
when suddenly
released the
This was
more
full
liable to
occur
hammers were down, or at half cock, than when reason that in some guns the hammers would not raise far
the
when
enough back of
cock to
notch
when
released.
who always
it
carried a
at full cock.
was
easier
it,
and
than to
slip-
hammer
wrong
trigger.
The
it
as one
was apt
gun when
to
be perfectly safe, and sometimes would think they had lowered the
hammers
to
do
so.
is
evident that in the breech loading hammerless the sportsman has the
the question
is
now
before him
is
which of
the
gun he wants.
with
hammer guns
With
may
hammers being
o\'i
mechanism of the
lock, or jarred
when
was
fired.
To
prevent ac-
129
an
automatic
gun
is
safety
which blocks the triggers as soon as the hammers are cocked, so that they
is
pushed up or
off safe.
ing a
gun should
receive the
first
attention.
fact that at
one
to forget to
which
brought down unlimited wrath on the safety that was altogether loo remedied
this
Some
entirely,
deavored to meet the demand by supplying a safety that was rendered independent, that
is,
sometimes having his safety automatic and sometimes independent, and the more
he changed
it
that
some
day he thought
the thing
safe
when
went
off
and
and
in
safety
When
is
in the field
rise,
the
gun must be carried cocked and the safety up, or the shooter stood no show.
such times the gun
carried in front at a "ready," and the only
is
At
trig-
way
the trigger
ger guard.
Whenever
there
in
is
one
such a
way
as to prevent
it.
When
may
not expecting a
and
still
years manufacturers had racked their brains for the best method of
blocking the triggers, they had totally ignored the danger in the only other direction, that
til
is,
from jarring
off.
No gun
in this respect
un-
The makers
of this
gun had
and profiting
This automatically
blocks the
ically
hammers
gun
automat-
withdrawn by the
No
hammers might
gun cannot
Thus danger of
accidental discharge
130
is in
gun
will ever be
with powder
in
it.
Tn fact
it
seems impos-
On
ring
off,
put out guns with light trigger pull, a quality essential to good shooting with some
others.
As
a matter of quicker or
more convenient
Amerfrom
;
The reader
refrains
etc.
own
conclusions.
The author
for
would be treading upon dangerous ground and possibly elicit protests and However, under Farrow Arms, the author's ideas are set forth contradictions.
at
some
length.
Montana, where for many years he commanded Indian scouts, served with his command through numerous Indian camoaigns, and extensively hunted game of
all varieties.
12-gauge,
is
the
for
The barrels can be attached to the stock whether gun is cocked or not. The gun cocks easily and can be readily taken apart cleaning and oiling without the aid of a lock-vice. The triggers are secured by
and convenience.
Figure
a positive lock, not by springs.
as manufacturers of the
single gun,
The makers of this gun acnieved a high reputation Fox double gun, and the well-known semi-hammerless
1.
shown
It
in Fig.
is
pistol grip
and
re-
bounding
lock.
down
the
little
thumb
made
in 10,- 12-
and i6-gauge.
in
The
Fig.
131
is
made by
the
in
32 and 38 caliber,
noted for
its
Figure 2
in
It
BAKER GUNS.
The Baker hammerless guns have two distinct safeties operating independently of each other. They are the safest hammerless yet made. They cannot be discharged in any other way than by pulling the triggers. They cannot jar off. If
the notch or sear breaks, letting the
gun
be-
admit of the
position of the
If the
hamis
mers.
If the
it
gun
is
cocked
it
gun
not cocked
it.
The
ham-
hammers can be
firing,
down with
mers
safeties,
sume and
primer.
springs.
points.
normal
position,
contact
with the
If desired, the
to the
main
The
The drawing
is
in posi-
132
Tn this position,
it.
should the
hammer
would
and
rest
on
preventing the
hammer from
Should the
or the
full
sear, or
hammers be
Cocking lever
in the
position
it
will
is
opened, as
in the act of
the barrels.
D Triggers,
Non-automatic
this safety
cannot be pulled
this position,
it
or on purpose.
pull the safety
When
this safety
is in
renders
impossible to
and which
is
Thumb-piece on top of the tang used to operate the non-automatic safety F. E Top-lever spring.
A
out of position of safety.
The
is
absolutely automatic in
its
action
is
and
raised
will
go
to
hammer
remain
from the
enough
to permit
is
it
to
fire
do
so,
and
will
in this position of
is
pulled to
the gun.
always
the firing-pin
all
effectually
firing-pin
conditions until
pulled, at
which instant
is
hammer
to
to jar off;
while other hammerless guns not provided with the firing-pin block, will do so
under the aljove circumstances, even though the triggers are locked
matic safety, and the gun cannot be fired by i)ulling them.
It
l)y
an autoin
should be borne
is
mind
S on
not
The
tiring-
133
word
that
is,
it
opened.
is
gun
of a high order.
The
pat-
universal favor.
is
it
is
It
built
and
fully
few working
locks,
parts,
and those
It
has rebounding
Many
compare favor-
the Baker
grade gun.
this
ist
must
It
any
It
customer desired. 3d
as skilled
finish
much and
last
means
least,
it
has
all
ward
hammers, cross-bolted
barrels, solid plun-
Damascus
in
is
hammer gun
is
which
it is
powder
ing in the
or at the trap.
This gun
made
in 10,- 12-
6^
to yyi
6%
to 73/<
pounds; 12-gauge,
28-inch barrels, weighing from yys to 8 pounds; 12-gauge, 30-inch barrels, weighing from y}i to 9 pounds; 12-gauge, 32-inch barrels, weighing from 7>4 to 9^ pounds; lo-gauge, 30-inch barrels, weighing from 8^ to 10 pounds; lo-gauge,
32-inch barrels, weighing from
8^
to 11 pounds.
let
To
down
without snapping.
the triggers
when
gun
is
134
Loaded
shells
MER
CA
MALL
AR
MS
BALLARD RIFLE.
This excellent
lin.
American
its
rille is
Mar
is
It is
noted for
The
extractor
positive
and cannot
is
fail
acts
tli lever.
When
thrown down
hammer
There
is
no
possibility of
an explosion, as the
slip
it
hammer
it
is
and there
through careless
off,
handling.
in
Nothing short of
respect safe.
firing the
rifle
gun
thus making
every
This
was a great
being
much
pleased with
its
The
character-
istic styles
of the
arm
are
shown
drawings.
The
many.
Ballard
rifle
was, for
many
recommended by the
best
shots in the leading clubs in the United States, Great Britain, France and Ger-
does not
is
This bolt
is
135
chanism
full
choke for
in use. The cocking meThe gun is made in 12-gauge only, and is bored hard shooting. The following are the weights for the 28,-
Weights, 28-inch
30-inch
6y2 to 7^^
7
7>:+
lbs.
to 8>4
to 83^
" "
32-inch
The
at
sectional
once be seen.
not cut
solid
away
to a
mere
metal
left,
especially
where
is
most
essential,
frame; the
in direct
is
hammer
positive
sear,
which
is
steel
the lock-
and mechanical
lever,
These few parts, together with a main spring, a sear spring, and triggers, comprise the
From
the drawing
it
The
in the
manner
illustrated, insures
is
pulled.
BARNEKOV-GREENE GUN.
This
fixed
barrel
rifle,
tested
satisfaction,
is
a breech-loader, having a
chamber
by indirect action, being moved by levers from above. Its distinguishing back of which is a pair of links, secured
in rear to the
frame.
bent
upward and
136
when
BATAVIA GUN.
This well-known hammerless gun, made by the Baker
pany, differs materially from Baker hammerless guns.
plates.
it
It is
The
lock
work
is
simple,
is
leaving
extra strong.
All the metal parts, including the frame, lock-work, guard, front
steel.
There
is
no
cast or malleable
frame or
offered,
parts in this
gun
is
work
it
has to do.
The
same
of the best quality twist made by any of the barrel makers of the old country.
The
Damascus
ing
and of good
quality. *
The mainsprings
all
strain-
their
energy to liberate the strikers and drive the firing-pins against the
is
primers.
danger
ever present that the sear or some other part of the mechanism for restraining
the mainspring will
slip
little
gummy
oil
or dust
ing
home on
In
gun
is
where
or a
effect.
BEALS PIFLE.
This
rifle is
closed
by
movable
breech-block, which slides in the line of the barrel by indirect action, being
moved
the
by
levers
from below.
It is
this brings
down
it
out of the
The hammer
is
when
The
The
of
movement of
the upper section being in the line of the barrel, thus tends to
if it
fired
by a tang-lock
on the side of Ine barrel, impelled backward by a spring. *This Run, without safety blocks, and formerly known as Model C. manufactured.
is
now
regularly
137
It
was two-
The Lancaster rifle is a modification. It is rarely The author has one among his collection which he capin Idaho,
command-
BERTHIER RIFLE.
This
rifle
its
bullet a
feet
per second.
is
few
parts,
The magazine
is
is
quite separate
clip,
from and
is
at all
it
simply a metal
and in it four cartridges are packed. Of such packages the soldier or sportsman carries as many as desired, each one thus constituting a separate magazine. To use the magazine it is simply dropped into the breech of the rifle, and the
cartridges in
it
are fed
up one by one, as
its
predecessor
is
extracted, by
means of
When
the
falls
through
place.
is
To
use the
is
rifle
as a single-loader, the
its
magazine
not put
in,
cartridge
simply inserted in
ing-up spring for the magazine affording an ample bearing for the whole length
of the cartridge.
BISLEY REVOLVER.
This modification of the Colt single action army revolver
favor.
is
regarded with
much
The
peculiar
it
easier to
it
manage with
the shooting
It fires
six shots
and
is
made
& W.
& W.
& W.
self-lubricating
and
and
target.
The
special tar-
See Colt
138
The Blake
is
its
packet.
It
a mag-azine
rifle
ofif"
loader,
cartridges
in.
reserve,
fire
available as
is
thrown
Single loading
can be resumed
in packet in reserve.
As
rifle.
a repeater
known
The
dis-
system
lies
in
the
The
chamber by a
When
is
packet
recharged.
An
FIGURE
filled
I.
with cartridges
many
times
if
two
ounces.
The
rifle
holds eight cartridges, one in the chamber and seven in the magazine.
packets
Two more
may
is
thought desirable to
or in loops on
may
belt
be carried
in the pockets,
now
full
would hold
fifteen packets.
may have
The
packet system
is
simply the
last
in the
minimum
of time.
It
the
separately
then
came
possible,
and now
makes the
is
The
when
bolt
locked, turns
;
down
at the
forward end
these lugs
139
in
screw, and
is
very
much
like the
The
not transmitted
The shank of
Few
it
rifles
<as
black powder.
come
rifles,
is
to be expected that
powder manufacturers
results
for
sporting purposes.
The
greater velocity,
with consequent
flatter
make
The
rifle
Model
made
in
two
calibers, the
-30 caliber
U.
S.
Army, and
may
be ob-
civilization, at
any
rifle
army or
niaval station.
The
.30 caliver
is
bullets,
Both cartridges are supplied also loaded with 55 grains black powder and jacketed which makes a good charge for target work and small game. The .30
is
caliber
rifle
bullets with
The magazine
is
chamber ready
to be instantly fired
if
shooter
is
is
surprised
The magazine
tightly closed
laid
on
tlje
bottom at
all
mud
if rifle is
on the
lying prone.
It
is
game by
i
Figure
with 30-
140
inch barrel,
Lyman
is
sling- strap.
the magazine.
In Figure 2
Xi
iiili#^^"'^^r^^^^
is
shown
butt.
tlic
I'.lakc
Lvman
in
gun
shown
Figure
141
chamber
stock
it
is
closed
by
is
concealed.
The
is
in a single
piece,
by bands held
in place
by springs.
The trigger-guard
one on each
shells,
fastened by screws.
The
two longitudinal
side.
The opening on
side
is
the left
empty
gun or as a
fit
single-loader.
The
latter
opening has
at its
to corresponding suris
faces on the
its
The
receiver
perforated at
The
the rear piece through which the firing-pin passes, the projection of the pin fitting
into a cut; the locking-tube, including the handle,
or body,
at the inis
through which the firing-pin passes, and which supports the cartridge
stant of
fire.
The
firing-pin
then
is
then, by sufficiently
it
pressing the spring, introduced over the head of the pin, and by giving
turn
is
is
a quarter
The spring
the
then held compressed between the ends of the rear piece and
movable
shoulder.
The
firing-pin
piece.
The
locking-tube
in the re-
when
is
turned
down
into
two
is
and the
bolt
is
The bolt-head
groove
in the receiver.
is
The
sear
is
The
when
sear-spring
The
is
trigger
exploded.
The
it
when
closed, and,
when
shell
through the
left
ceiver
by deflecting
it
The magazine
attached
when
a cartridge
to be introduced, is
it
The magazine
is in
holds 20 cartridges.
parts, the butt
two
and the
these are joined together and to the barrel by a band which passes around
two
and the
barrel.
Through
this
142
hole cartridges
fit
The
is
butt-stock
is
grooved to
means of
The
butt-stock
also perforated
in the tip-stock,
by a screw-thread.
the chamber.
in
As
viz.,
BORCHARDT RIFLE.
This automatic
rifle
and
pistol
smokeless powder.
It
mushroom
bullet,
and has an
effective
The magazine
The only
first
operation necessary
to
which cocks
recoil of the
The
cartridge unloads, cocks, and loads the arm, and as fast or slow as the trigis
ger
pulled the
arm
is
discharged.
Owing
and small
size,
it
makes both an
deer.
for
game
as large as
lever action,
is
has a breech-block of
is
very
design
and great
The magazine
BROUGHTON GUNS.
Several varieties of excellent arms bearing this
tested, three of
invented and
their re-
spective systems.
No.
is
a breech-loading
rifle
breech-block rotating about a vertical axis at 90 degrees to the axis of the barrel,
and not
piece
is
and
in front).
This
firing-bolt to
down on
notch
in the receiver,
and
until
The guard
is
the
gun
carries with
is
it
No. 2
a breech-loading
movable
143
breech-block which rotates about a horizontal axis at 90 degrees to the axis of the
in front.
No. 3
is
a breech-loading
breech-block which rotates about a horizontal axis at 90 degrees to the axis of the
barrel, lying
in front,
by a
lever.
BROWN MAGAZINE
five cartridges,
GUN.
It
and
is
ger-guard.
These
five cartridges
gun
need not be taken from the shoulder for throwing out the expended cartridge and putting another in its place. Throwing down the guard lever and returning it
to
place does
all
the work.
The breech-block
shell
is solid,
to allow re-
and reloading.
An
new
feature of this
gun
is
which allows
to be set at
any desired
angle, so that
many good
features.
It is
a hammerless,
It is en-
recoil.
automatic in
its
each shot.
opening
its
the breech, ejecting the empty shell, hammer, closing and locking the breech are
performed by the
the trigger.
recoil,
recoil,
leaving the
arm ready
to be fired again
by a pressure on
In consequence of
in other
which
guns
is
is
largely ab-
barrel to
rifle
The
ma^-a-
lies
a hinged
to the rear
in reserve
capacity
cartridges.
and held
while the
gun
used as a single-loader.
closed by a
mov-
144
tirely
at right
flat-
The
various points
in the
when
the block
is
opened or
etc.
closed.
The
is
block
is
mer, mainspring,
The hammer
slotted to receive
The
The
is
piece
is
hammer.
The
firing-pin
retracted,
when
the block
mer
The
a bentat its
and supported
mer
to a point a
beyond the
let
full cock,
down
open,
it
is
cocked
in the act of
closing by the edges of a surface striking on projections on the inner rear surface of the receiver.
is is
in the tip-stock.
It is
cartridge stop-springs.
made
temper, and
is
is
spring keeping
in
contact
with
the
breech-block, bears
azine-tube.
down on
a stop-spring,
and
slides
As
it
passes under the tube inclined planes raise the ends of a cross-
when
a cartridge
is
As
As
open, loaded,
in the
-^losed,
fired.
chamber.
BULLARD RIFLE.
This repeating
rifle
for
some years
rifle is
& Wesson
in place
works.
The
action of this
posi-
It is
behind the
for the
which must be
is
possible
hammer
rifle
with very
its di-
works
easily
on the work to be done, the heaviest work being done with the best
is
started
when
is
the lever
is in
posi-
erage inside the receiver or frame, instead of a sliding motion of the bolt or
145
is
This
rifle
The magazine
is
and
it
facility
by a right or
it
As
It is
not
on the ground
or in trenches,
etc.
much
easier to load
gun, as there
is
more choice of
an emergency.
position than
when
on the
side.
It
full
BURCHARD REVOLVER.
This convenient revolver
steady
fire is
is
ii
Parallel
By using
In a recent
it
showed very
closed by a bolt,
The
bolt
is
motion by
sliding in grooves
The
bolt is locked
its
by
The
firing-pin,
it
which
is in
moving
either way.
The
firing-pin
is
retained
by a screw.
The
;
ejector
its
lies in
just
rear terminates in a split spring, which, by fricin the side of the bolt, retains
it
an under-cut groove
in
position.
The
ejector
is
cartridge,
when
the lever
thrown open by
its
its
An
pieces, permits
motion of the
smaller part to
pieces.
plate.
spiral spring is
The motion
is
a sliding one.
It is
The
op-
carrier
erated by a
it
it,
supports
until tlie
146
its
front de-
in the tip-stock.
is
The
hammer
forward.
is
is
thrown
The
piece
is fired
The magazine
provided, and
No
wiping-rod
is
there
As
a magazine
gun
sary to operate
necessary,
viz.,
viz.,
opened, closed,
fired.
As
fired.
chamber.
The
left
hand
has nothing to do but supi)ort the gun and assure the aim.
The handle
it
locks inbolt.
bolt,
and has
"lost
motion" by which
unlocks the
with
proper
charge and natural pull of the right hand, the "counter recoil"
to
open the breech, and the motion of the right hand and
left
hand), and
the sliding motion substantially on a line between the supports, the position of the
gun
is
hits in
in one-eighth of a second,
and and
two seconds.
The gun
firing.
is
con-
shoulder while
In this
in
position
its
operation
is
The trigger is carried by the handle, and cannot hammer until the breech is closed and locked also
;
oflF
the
cam
it
l)ack,
when
the bolt
The double
They
also
the head of the cartridge in the magazine, and as the breech opens pull
into feeding position in the frame,
back
carrier, hold
from
from flying
out.
it
The
moves forward
into the
when
it
is
BURNSIDE RIFLE.
This
rifle
It
147
is
used which
this
packs the joints and cuts off the escape of the gas.
are
ery.
first
its
The advantages of
arm
Its
When
steel)
was capped
The
case
was sHghtly
conical, with
The manner
was
similar to that
employed
The
points of dif-
The
joint
and
its
head
is
transferred in this
gun
body of the
it.
bolt
takes the place of the head, while the rear portion serves simply to lock
As
axis
the body of the bolt does not rotate, the sear-bolt slot at right angles to
is
its
it
is
The
extractor,
its
though
called a lever-extractor,
front.
The
In
is
cam on
the firing-pin,
its front.
withdrawing a
The
The
carrier
is
composed
portion,
flat
spring.
The lower
which
is
pivoted at
its
its
may
be
made
to pass
through a
across the
mouth of
The motions
are the
same as
in the
Ward-Burton.
chamber.
This gun carries eight cartridges in the magazine and one in the
closed by a movable
On
the
two
circular guides
in the
The
block
is
a single piece
front of the
is
hammer and
its
the mainspring.
At the
motion by a screw.
is
The breech-block
op-
erated by a lever.
The
is
block
its
middle
the receiver.
The hammer
thrown open
148
latter
by the pressure of the lever-hook on the face of the hammer, which forces the back until the nose of the sear which is a part of the trigger enters a
locked by a projec-
notch.
tion
The
not rigidly connected with the breech-block, but has a longitudiits side.
It
block has
strikes a
moved
The
to support the
way
to the chamber.
shoulder
ejector.
empty
in the
The magits
azine
front
in the butt-stock.
The shape
leaves
it
is
of the chamber.
An
way
to the chamber.
When
the lever
is
thrown
open a spring
mouth of
be, each
the magazine.
In this position
it
There
is
ratchet.
As a
The
is
;
which
is
is
opened.
locked by a set-screw
when
carried at full-cock.
As
a magazine
fired. fired.
As a single-loader, four motions are necessary, viz., loaded, opened, closed, The gun carries six cartridges in the magazine, one in the carrier and one
chamber.
in the
tem of bolt-guns
ing and rotating.
the magazine by
in
is
The magazine
two
is in
the butt-stock.
The
and operated
loaded, the
when
bolt
the bolt
is
is
thrown open and each tooth of the sliding-bar passes behind the head of
its
rear.
its
The closing of the bolt moves own length further to the front.
The
cartridges arc
firmly held in position, so that they are not and cannot be in contact with each
other, which
is
positive prevention
149
arms induced many gun mechanics, among the number Mr. Chaffee,
to invent a magazine
eral years of
arm
study and hard work, and a large outlay of money, he produced this
test trial,
before a board of
it.
army
officers,
has demonstrated
be jiossible
if
the
arm had
of
D.
button, seven extra charges will be available which can be delivered in four
less.
seconds or
CHARLEVILLE MUSKET.
The
first
regulation
arm used by
army was
the Charleville
la
musket.
Marquis de
Fayette
brought a large number of them to this country during the Revolutionary War,
to
best
gun makers.
They
carried
It
was not
This was a
with half
in the
it
had a short
fore-stock,
military.
rifle.
The
altera-
The
left side
of the receiver
is
is
cut
away
open
tom of
is
the well.
The
portion removed
half-cartridge.
This piece
is is
groove
covered by a brass
To
is
is
attached
wound
its
On
a spring, pivoted at
This
split
may
The
with cartridges by
down from
the receiver.
pawl
is
means of a
slide,
When
the breech-block
closed
it
it
back and
lets
150
in a cartridge
By
block having been opened sufficiently to overcome the spring-catch, the cartridge
is
it
into the
chamber
in the usual
way.
As
it,
viz.,
cocked, opened,
As
The gun
in the
and one
chamber.
COLT ARMS.
The
Colt's Patent Fire
product
is
too well
known
pistol
possesses features which are strikingly novel and original and which place the
weapon
in the front
It is
made
in
The
of about 1,300 feet per second and a penetration of about 11 inches in pine.
The
2-5
is
magazine contains seven cartridges,* and any desired number of the magazines
can be carried with the
seconds.
pistol,
which can be
is
seven shots in
The accuracy
is in
of the pistol
arm
marksman has no
annoyance from
this cause.
Further than
is
this,
The
pistol
is
The
with cartridges,
is in-
full
is
made by hand,
after
cartridge into the barrel, the firing on touching the trigger, the extraction of the
empty
barrel, all
The automatic
and the
recoil,
moving
parts,
effect.
The
is
as follows
When
a charged magazine
is
inserted
hammer.
raise the
In this position of the slide, the magazine follower and follower spring
topmost cartridge so as to bring it into the path of the bolt. On releasing Tlie Military model 38 caliber and a Pocket model 32 caliber, rimless, smokeless, have
151
with the
bolt, is carried
movement
its
As
the slide
approaches
end of
its forward position. During this forward movement the barrel swings forward and upward on the links, and thus the locking ribs on the barrel are carried into the locking recesses in the slide, and barrel and
slide are
is
ready for
firing.
slight pull
to release the
bullet
hammer and
the barrel the slide
is
fire
The
force of the
from
After moving rearward together for a distance, enough to insure the bullet having passed from the barrel, the downward swinging movement of
recoil together.
from the
slide
in its
its
rearmost
The momentum
rearward
retractor
the
shell is ejected
pistol
slide,
driven into the barrel and the slide and barrel are interpistol
making the
continued so long as there are cartridges in the magazine, each discharge requiring
only the slight pull on the trigger.
The
the
pistol is
it
impossible to release
hammer
unless the slide and the barrel are in their forward position and safely
interlocked.
This safety device also serves to control the firing and to prevent
fired for
The
safety device
mounted
and
in
bottom of the
bolt,
when
the
latter,
with the
slide, is in
In
trigger, but
when
the slide
is
moved rearward
152
sear,
The locking
the pistol
struck by the
when
not in use.
The
having
is
The
when
the lock
The
solid
frame which
is
is
to stand
re-
this
arm by
all
made
in
"Swing Out"
dropped
all
to be
to
all
of the cartridges
may
the
again returned to
The "New
Service" revolver
is
made
in
Army by
officers
and
This
men
for
whose use
it
is
model with
special construction
and
sisrhts
is
shooters desinng a double action arm, and has beeii the winner of
many
prizes,
all tlie
Revolver Tournaments of
introduction.
all
5s
very similar in
its
construction to the
arm
iust
described, al-
is
A "New
two
This model
made
in
which uses
153
using
in this as in all
other models.
Somewhat
is
the
"New
with the idea of providing a strong serviceable effective arm of small enough size
to be conveniently carried in the pocket,
made only
and may be adapted to the use of the long and short Colt cartridges or the
and short.
.32 long
a 4-inch barrel
;
is
only 17 ounces.
The
shortest barrel
23^ inches
though the
caliber
An arm
very similar in
is
the
"New
The
Pockprin-
et" revolver.
The
two arms,
is
that the
New
light pocket
on
this
barrel,
the
its
"New
made
154
This arm
is
weapon obtainable
and
for
all
kinds of
The
model
is
made
in the .38
.41
caliber,
adapted
To
the 43/:^-inch
is
affixed a
cartridges
may
cylinder from
this device.
its seat.
The
single action
its
Army and
calibers
the heavy
arm which
in
one or
the other of
many
it is
tle-man, because
may
It is
hard work
in
met with.
Its
weight with
7!/^ -inch
barrel
39 ounces.
will
show
that
it
is
the same
weapon
principally in the
it
easier to
manage with
the
shooting hand
many
and comfortable
and
work.
The
target re-
the
No description of the product of the Colt's Company would be quite complete without a mention of the Derringer, a vest pocket weapon, weighing but 6^/2
ounces, with 2:^-inch barrel, and shooting a 41 caliber rim
fire
cartridge, loaded
lead.
156
It
known
Colt
rifle is
made
at present in the
22 caliber only.
shoots
indisis
down
the handle
is
locked in
fitted
its
forward
position.
The rifle weighs about six hammer which serves the same pur-
COMBLAIN RIFLE.
This arm, although not
several
strictly
It is
in
its
manufacture
American
rifle.
patents.
a breech-loader
Sharps
The mountings,
is
receiver
steel.
made of
The
this
CONROY RIFLE.
This breech-loading
arm has
90 degrees
and
This
being moved
from below.
arm
is
the withdrawal of
cock,
which
hammer
to the half-
bent-lever extractor.
raised,
when by bringing
to be fired.
By pushing the trigger-guard forward again the block is the hammer to the full-cock, the piece is closed and ready The blow of the hammer is not delivered directly upon the firing-pin,
its
and striking
it
so as to impel
it
forward
This
gun has been modified by substituting for the sliding-guard the more powerful motor found in the usual swinging guard-lever, the angle formed by which with
the stock
when
the piece
is
CULLEN RIFLE.
magazine-gun carrying a great number of cartridges, as many as 40 or 50. This arm has been used to some extent in the United States, but has not met with
156
York,
in his factory in
entirely
in the
hand-made guns
They have
said
number of
special features
to be very important,
as they
better
mechanics
country
made
Thousands of
customers
shooting qualities,
fitting,
Daly guns.
Fig.
I.
Engraving
of the
375.
to
details,
such as
inside lock work, fitting, finishing of barrels, etc., than does the Charles
Daly
factory.
The
i
much
12,
Figure
16,
53/< to 14
barrel
made
ritle
cartridges: weight,
jYi pounds
is
The general
and
idea of a three-barrel
gun
that
it
heav\It
ungainl\-.
same
157
The shooting
rifle.
barrels
is
There
is
Fig.
2. Breech View
of the
made
Charles
prices ranging
from $90.00
to $500.00.
DAVENPORT ARMS.
All Davenport single guns and
rifles,
thoroughly high grade in material, worka marked degree the elements of safety,
first
in
and convenience.
auto-
matic shell ejecting device ever used on single breech loading shot guns.
This
it
patented
in
1895,
the
later
improvement making
It
the
fails
reliable ejector
never
work
satisfactorily,
first
gun of
its
an automatic
ejector.
In this
gun
means
means
them
apart,
and being
slightly tapering,
joi-^t
compensator
closed.
in case of wear,
when
the
gun
is
The automatic
its
ejector
is
its
action,
of ordinary
gun
action,
is
provided
making
impos-
The
construction of the
rapidity of fire
is
easily
158
Figure
the standard pattern for this grade, having the barrels taper choke
The
lock parts
12,
are
made
of fine tempered
steel,
16
Figure
i.
and
20,
in length.
The
Elita
An
Figure
pin
is
2.
The
barrels, frames
all
proportionately
This secures not only a large gun for heavy charges, but a
The
169
in
Figure
has been on the market for several years, and has given universal satisfaction.
parts are few and simple,
The The
and
and not
On
this
gun we
joint.
The
extractor used
;
in this
gun
is
it is
simple
strong,
two
make
it
positive in action.
The Brownie
now made
to replace the
in
Figure
3,
of merit
readily recognized
It is also fitted
with the
Figure
3.
taper screw fastening, which readily permits detaching the barrel from the stock
for packing or thorough cleaning.
The gun
rifled,
is.
short rim
fire
ammunition, carefully
and
fitted
open
sights.
DAVIS GUNS.
The N. R. Davis
and independent
&
Sons
'
safety.
Figure
i,
is
choke bored
Figure
i.
and double
bolt,
one on
160
and the seres and triggers are both blocked by by the opening a positive motion, thus avoiding all danger from jarring off or premature puUing off, by trigger or otherwise. The Safety can be used as automatic or
independent, a very desirable feature for rapid
firing.
hammers
in
the
is
gun
the
The hammers may also be let down without snapping. To hammers down, move the safety sHde back as far as possible when the open and cocked. Then holding the triggers out of their notches in
close the
hammers
lbs.
gun.
8 1-4
in
Figure
2,
The
Solid
gun
is
made on
Figure
with nitro or black powder.
2.
The gun
is
botli
10 and 12 bore.
The
is
10 bore
now
being,
gun
is
vention of two links, the latter of which causes the recoil block to descend while
the former forces the breech-block to the rear,
front.
when
the lever
is
thrown
to the!
The
lock
is
Two
in the butt
and one
The
carrier,
which
open
at
both ends
to|
receive cartridges
from
motion
at right angles to
161
in the tip-stock
maga-
and one
in the
chamber.
DEXTER
A
RIFLE.
by a movable
being
moved from
above by a thumb-piece.
The arm
is
opened by half
or
full
cocking
the
down
frame.
cam
It is
acting
closed
In so
thrown forward by
is
its
closed.
The
piece
is
fired
Both
in its descent.
is
the locking-brace
is
the
hammer,
therefore, cannot be
made
DURST GUN.
This magazine gun has a magazine cylindrical in shape and having a capacity of
ten cartridges, directly below the receiver.
It
clip,
as with the
Mauser gun.
EARNEST GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
which rotates about an axis parallel to the axis of the barrel, and on the
The block
on that
is
in
two
in rear,
which alone
and
is
striker.
The forward
section
is
The
lock
bound
firing-pin.
The arm
is
especially designed
ELLIOT BREECH-LOADER.
This gun has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breech-block, which rotates
162
about a horizontal axis at 90 degrees to the axis of the barrel, lying above the
axis of the barrel and in rear, being
it
pushes and pulls against the lower arm of the breech-block and opens and closes
the piece.
hammer
falls
the pawl prevents any motion of the block until the piece
closed,
which
is
done
hammer
is
to the full-cock,
where
it
The
piece
braced by the
as in
hammer
opening.
on the pawl,
to prevent its
in
movement
two
sections,
one
is
of which moves with the block and the other remains in the frame.
Extraction
accomplished by a lever pivoted below the chamber, and worked through the
tervening extractor-link by the
is
in-
movement
hinged
of the
hammer on
the pawl.
Ejection
in the extractor.
The guard
let
is
at its rear
end so as to afford
is
ready
so constructed that
hammer
cannot be
down
may
pawl
is
single
hammer.
provided with a reciprocating and rotating bolt for closing and lockIt is
also pro-
vided with a tubular magazine, located in the butt-stock, the tubular chambers
being arranged one over the other and each provided with independent cartridgepropelling devices.
in a longitudinal
in
of the revolving-pawl
;
is
groove cut
gives a vertical
movement
to the revolving
pawl, which, being actuated by a suitable spring, causes the disk or ratchet to
revolve one notch.
there
is
On
a cam.
ranged
in relation to
nd
raised,
is
permitted to
move forward
little
cartridge lodges in the recess between the carrier and the bolt.
In this posi-
head of the
first
cartridge remains a
way
in the
mouth
of
the magazine, and the second one has not yet engaged the point of the feed-pawl.
163
whole
boh
is
drawn back
one
first
is
When
the
backward movement
completed the
cartridge
is
the carrier-spring.
By
the
this
ward movement of
column of cartridges
bolt.
In
is
an auxiliary spring
in the
bottom
to cushion the
in case of
heavy
or
jolting
when
the magazine
full
These
on
them
alternately
each side, which causes the heads to vibrate laterally and prevents the cartridges
rapidity,
avoided.
having no
breech-mechanism, and
having
its
magazine located
arm.
The magazine
a
was
affixed, in the
form of a
its
spiral,
flat
Into
this cylinder
with
fixed spiral
grooved
breech-mechanism.
The
cartridges were introduced into the magazine through the butt-plate; with
The
cartridges in the
magazine were
in separate cells,
in contact with
all
each other,
while in
spiral-spring magazinedis-
guns the cartridges press one against the other, thus rendering a premature
charge possible.
The system
of feed in this
the
length,
and could be
from 15
to
This
arm could be
in-
troducing the cartridges into an aperture at the side of the receiver at the breech
or
it
full
and
in reserve,
by introducing cartridges into the magazine at the butt, as each cartridge was dis-
164
charged.
gun was
9^
The
carbine weighed
8^
EXPRESS RIFLE.
This modern sporting-rifle of great killing power takes a large charge of powder
and
a light bullet,
initial velocity
up
term Express.
To
increase the
killing
power of the
bullet,
made
Upon
at short
it
striking the object, the bullet spreads outwardly, inflicting a fearful death-wound.
This arm
range.
It
is
i.^
who hunt
adapted.
large
game
from
only
in caliber (.50),
and
in the cartridge to
which
it
is
This
last contains
95 grains of powder and a bullet weighing 300 grains. The cartridges may be loaded with hollow-pointed, solid or split-pointed bullets, as may be desired. All
'^:^'i
these bullets weigh 300 grains each, and their shooting qualities are about equal.
The primer
at the
is
the No.
is
2^
Winchester.
in
factory
As
is
a very
flat
trajectory
no
change
in sighting is required
to avoid
missing the
game through
The
than that of a 12-gauge shot gun using ordinary charges; the model, as made up
for the English market with a 22-inch barrel and with full length
magazine,
weighs but
83/2
pounds.
can be dropped
making
it
an explosive
is
bullet.
caliber as large as
in
much used
in
considered suflScient
the
United States.
FARROW ARMS.
During an extensive period of
in the
Academy
at
West
made
in the field.
During
Umatilla Indians and when he captured the tribe of hostile "Sheepeater" Indians,
165
in 1879,
No two
Indians pos-
thought
his
arm possessed
At
caliber .45,
large caliber,
was
in
every
way
Jorgensen
tary
rifle,
the
arm
at present
good
mili-
arm
is
a good sporting
arm and
most
rifle,
effective the
two
classes
may
be considered together.
The
author's models of
carbine and revolver embrace the same features and differ only in calibers and
minor features.
tions are of first
I
and
it is
vital
importance
For
safety,
firing-pin
can reach the primer; that the firing-pin be well backed, or supported, to prevent
the same from being blown out to the rear, by the escape of gases from defective
shells or primers.
The
first
breech-bolt in the
movement of
of the
rifle,
the
gun
is
loaded
be strong
and quick.
2
the magazine be
simple,
impossible
mechanism
should
be
from tendencies
to
is
jamming or clogging of
when
in use,
rendered impossible.
3
The
;
"be
hook
pull
sufficient
purchase on the
same
is
heated.
The
one to ten
that
is
to say one
exert a force on
The
ejecting
shell
or before the
of the
loaded shell can be inserted in the breech opening. should be so arranged, that
The mechanism
gun
when
the action
is
serted in the barrel, the cleaning rod cannot produce any disorder in the operating
166
as desired
tor;
;
magazine gun,
and should
full
while the
magazine
held in reserve.
that a single loaded shell, or a succession of single loaded shells can be inserted
in the
magazine
filling the
to
show
'-e
number
of cartridges
in the
The
their rims
from
bullets
or defective
coming back
any of
the firing mechanism into the face of the operator in case of accidental explosion.
Simplicity always
results
parts, with as
few
screws,.
it is
soldier
may
desire
cart-
ridges
it
is
partially
so that the
gun may be
alternately used as a
single loader, or as a
magazine
rifle at
Alechanism to show
is
The
much
as possible,
and so
built as to be capable of
being
dis-
ease.
The
the
modern army
rifle
by the use of
to
now
from 35,000
50,000,
and even
at times
much more
resistant
and
gun
barrels than
An
approxi-
mately
fifty
amount are
ductility
and resistance
to erosion than
These
steels of
makers.
It is
singular that, as reported by the Chief of Ordnance, the steel: passing the
in
tests
making
Bessemer
steel,
the other
AMERICAN SMALLARMS
an open hearth, and that none of the crucible
satisfactory
steels
167
under
test.
is
Of
the
by
new guns
for their
armies.
Consultation with experts and others familiar with the subject, confirm
nition,
this is
is
on
all
accounts
desirable.
Many
experienced military
men
we have
trative
not r.ctually gone too far in reduction of caliber, securing range and peneat a sacrifice of "stopping effect" of greater value.
first
power
When
some
little
among
the large caliber bullet necessary to secure effective results on large game.
Their
experience was only with black powder, and their deductions were correct, under
those conditions.
lets
The immensely
caliber bullet.
of the
modern small
bullet to such
The
expands
deforming the
whole
an extent that the wound made covers a larger area than ever
before seen.
in the author's
arms
is
essen-
foreign
is
is
distinctly
American.
The
tem"
also an
American
slide in a
invention.
In this
gun
working parts
under and behind the trigger, backward and forward as the breach bolt
or shut, with a
opened push
downward
straight pull
when
it
is
when
it
is
closed.
it
new
but as yet
made
in foreign
the
cut-ofif"
is
in military
experts
and the decided opinion of many leading that the use of the "cut-offs" which call for two classes of fire is conrifles,
magazine
168
Where
the
fire
is
tilled, zvith
The
when
this quality
always
ready
a
upon
in
Such
magazine
rifle in its
The
entire
tool
improvements
turns
2.
will be
The handle
in
of the bolt
and
is
out of the
way
of the bolt
3.
dling a repeater.
is more convenient and easy than any method of hanThe arm may be cocked by simply raising the handle and re-
turning
ting
it
bolt.
4.
There
is
set-
up the
5.
maga-
zines.
Cartridges
may vary
an inch, en6.
abling the user to vary the weight of bullet and charges of powder.
Bullets
may
front of each other and liable to have their primers exploded by the point of the
bullet in the rear.
7.
The combination
8.
of
all
rifles
and
repeaters into
one arm.
When
receiver,
bore of the
extracted
and cleaned.
9.
The empty
shell
when
10.
and
and
ejected,
is
thrown
to the right
The breech
substituted
tools.
11.
mechanism can be taken apart and a new main spring and extractor
replaced in a
any
Great simplicity and great strength of breech closing, there being but one piece to
resist the strain
of firing.
12.
The packet
is
large
enough
to give a
good
finger-
hold,
and
in cold
13.
may
magazine.
or remove
of the shell
is
position, so that in case of a ruptured shell or primer pierced by the firing pin. the
gas
is
5.
The mechanas-
ism
the
may
be removed and
in
arm
c'
necessary.
16.
Accuracy
shooting
is
17.
Not
169
magazine.
i8.
The
barrel
in three
19.
same
time.
in the rifle
ern
rifle.
may
21.
In case of
jammed
formance
jam may be
23.
instantly
removed by
hand per-
Double extractors.
and no
artful
No
slight of
rifle,
in the
many
fired
easily
and
rapidly.
27.
26.
No
The
entire
arm
is
it
in
order or
make any
extra parts.
The mechanism
is
its
left-hand side a
the right a shoulder for the extractor and right locking lug of the bolt.
The
bot-
tom
is
cut
away
to permit the
cartridges from
the magazine.
The forward breech casing contains the grooves for the four lockAt the rear the breech casing is closed for a short distance at
has a cam which starts back the bolt
and
at its rear
when
rotating to unlock
and open.
The
bolt,
and
the extractor
the firing-pin and striker are in one piece, the shoulder of the striker
and the front face of the sleeve form the two bearings for the main spring.
extractor consists of the
The
The hook
is
rests
it
is
easily
A second
ejector
is
extractor or shell-starter
The
pivoted on the
left
by a blow on
communicated by the
left
consists of a cylindrical
left side
hinged at the
its
secured by a catch.
The
cart-
When
The
the bolt
is
"cut-oflf" is
fire
on the
is
left
only
desired, depresses
If
an
it
arm
is
so that the bolt will pass over without operating the cartridge packet.
it
must
first
be closed,
closing the casing, the packet will be forced to take proper position.
Then with
170
loader
fire
can be delivered.
The
ated
when
the bolt
fired,
is
have been
cam on the
al-
rear of bolt the nose, the cocking piece and therefore the firing pin to the rear
most
fully
When
the
is
littlel
moved slowly
empty
now drawn
in the
magazine
moved through
bolt.
one-sixth of a revolu-
up
and then
chamber of the
turned
down
little
at the side
in front of the
With
practice the
movements of
two
The
the trigger
is
pulled before
the locking lugs are properly seated the action of the nose of the cocking piece on
the side of the
cam
of the bolt will throw the latter to the right, seating the lugs
The
when
bolt
the trigger
is
pulled, as an
its
arm
opening by any
possibility, as
is
held back.
in the
empty packet
magazine,
may
be simply dropped into the receiver and the bolt will push the
It is
home with the fingers. The arm may thus be fired very rapidly as a single loader. The packet in the magazine may be recharged at any time with single cartridges and is the only one that need be used unless continuous rapid fire is desired, when
a
number
of loaded packets
2^4 oz.
tin,
mav
belt.
Packets
weigh empty
a wire, a band of
may
The
manner of
the Borchardt
combination
and
pistol.
Single cartridges
the charged packet
may may
side, aside
from
its
simplicity
superior to a finger lever in rapidity and in ]x)wer to put in and take out cartridges
171
certainly takes
up
less
In
its
present form
it
it
has been
gives promise of a
when
FERGUSON
This curious breech-loader, although not
RIFLE.
American invention, has beappearance as a weapon of war
rifle
strictly of
its first
it
made
is
America, and
the
first
instance of a breech-loading
few
The
itself is
The
called
bayonet
is
25 inches
and
and
is
what
is
commonly
a sword-blade bayonet.
it is
The
is
equally adapted to ranges varying from one hundred to five hundred yards.
is
Its
greaest curiosity
The guard-
plate
held in
its
make
the upper side of the barrel sufficient for the insertion of a ball and cartridge or loose charge.
This plug
is
is
so that the
rifle is
has been
This accelerat-
ing screw constitutes the breech of the piece, only, instead of being horizontal, as
is
it
is
vertical.
Were
this screw,
whereas
one
last
suffices.
Many
among
Tower
of London.
FOGERTY GUN.
This magazine gun has a tubular magazine in the butt-stock which
is
charged
side.
and there
is
a cut-off.
An
actu-
receiver.
172
NEW AMERICAN
in
GUNS.
The H. & D.
Folsoni
Arms Company,
guns, have accompUshed an enterprise which has been deemed an impossibiUty. in this country It has always been supposed that cheap guns could not be made
because
ished.
interchangeable
make.
All these guns have the left barrels full taper choke bored and the right
good shooting.
and
last
The
easily
They
are
good
The
They
are
made
in 12
gauge, 30 or 32 inch
-barrel,
weighing from
They have
steel
powder.
The A'7t> American single barrel breech-loaders, under the trade names of "New Field," "New \'ictor," "New York Arms Company Ejector," "Club Hammerless,"
nitro
"Trap Hammerless,"
will
etc.,
They
average 275
40 yards,
with a load of 3^4 drams of black powder and i>s ounces No. 8 shot.
taken choke bored.
They
are
FORD GUN.
This magazine gun has a fan-shaped magazine under the receiver, holding
cartridges, which are arranged
in receptacles
fi\o
Tlie
arm has
a cut off.
FOREHAND ARMS.
The guns and
revolvers manufactured by the Forehand
to the absorption of that company by the Hopkins and Allen
173
its
Figures
is
The gun
Figure
i.
powder and
is
The hammerless
single
gun has
Figure
all
2.
Figure
single gun.
3.
in
Figures 3 and
4, is
made
in 12
and
174
1
straight
and matted.
Great simsingle
Figure
Figure
gun, with an automatic ejector.
in length.
pistol grip.
4.
The
barrels are
piam and
twis^,
30 and 32 inches
The frames
It
are
all in
has a very neat and simple device of a screw and lever combined
Figiire 5.
to hold the barrel to the frame, and can be quickly detached, and does not protrude
to object either in
appearance or handling.
It is
made
in 12
and
One
line, is
Arms Company,
in
the revolver
shown
in
Figure
all
6,
It is
and
attractive revolver,
having
I)lock.
It
made
frame, 3-inch
and
Smith
& Wesson
cartridge.
revolver
shown
in
Figure
7 is attractive.
is
It
hammer
impossible.
It is
175
and
Smith
& Wesson
Figure
double action.
6.
This revolver
is
made with
a shorter barrel,
when
desired, weigh-
Figure
ing only
1 1
7.
ounces.
closed by a bolt by
and
in
is
concealed.
The
af-
through
176
locked.
The
breech-bolt
is
composed of three
piece.
To
the latter of these, the firing-pin, which extends the whole length of
is
the breech-bolt,
secured by a screw.
fire, is
The
axis.
The
firing-pin spring
which
is
tension
and cocking-piece.
By means
cammed back, withdrawing the point of the when the piece is unlocked. Accidental closing the bolt. The form of the cut in the reis
it
such as to
cam back
shell.
starting the
is
empty
When
returned to
returned to
its first
position by
lever
at the
same
time the inclined face of the stop-spring bearing on the side of the cut in the receiver
is
pressed out of the way, and a cartridge issues from the magazine into
It
when
the piece
is
is
magaunder
When
the bolt
withdrawn,
the influence of gravity alone, falls into a position in line with the axis of the bore.
The
bullet is
is
The base
of the cart-
ridge
of the
which
is
through
shell
when
is
head
is
being ^vl^hdrawn.
When
the bolt
is
A
lid
lid
covers the
closed except
when
on
its
the breech-bolt
unlocked.
If the lid
inal position.
The
ejector
lid
is
remaining, the
jiicce
may
loader.
Xo
empty
As
maga-
viz.,
opened, closed,
fired.
FREEMAN GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
rotating about a vertical axis at 90 degrees to the axis of the barrel, and lying in
It is
177
and
is
the right hand, a bevel on the left face of the breech-block, pushing the cartridge
home.
When
it is
also kept
from turn-
hammer engaging
Extraction
is
struck by the ejector-cam. which, turning with the breech-block in opening- the
piece, rides
its
upper end,
carrying with
a
Ejection
is
cam formed on
hub of the
extractor,
action on
the cartridge-shell
when
seat in the
chamber
This arm has been modified so that the horn of the breech-block, instead of being solid with the block,
is
pivoted to
it
on a
vertical axis,
and has
its
lower portion
is
tl.e
frame,
that a lever-power
if
ob-
movement
The hammer
cocked.
on
forward surface
it
in the
when
hammer
is
The
may
arm
They are
released to
formed.
This
it,
guard revolves,
at the
is
when
it
rearmost end.
the
hammer
is
bler.
of the magazine-spring,
end of the barrel against the forward end of a bent lever, the rearmost end of
which
lies
This passes
it
When
it
mouth of
chamber
it is
passed into
it
by
By
up the guides as before, and striking from below the empty one
throw
it
sufficient force to
send
it
clear of the
gun.
The magazine
is
178
the ways
is
The
is
limited to
one
at
which
way by
its
stroke.
The magamoved by
a
zine can be cut off and heLl in reserve by a revolving eccentric stop,
as a single-loader by in-
serting the rim of the cartridges into the guides at each opening of the piece.
By
is
away from
the butt, and thus to overcome the chief obstacle to the reshell, viz., its sticking at
the start.
GLENWOOD GUN.
The Glenwood
choke bored and
discharge the gun
single barrel shotgun
shown
in the
is
is fitted
to
is
to strike
By means
of a small
thumb-screw, the barrel can be easily detached or put together without removing
the fore-end.
Its
field
or trap shooting.
its
mechanism
so simple that
It is
it
safety features
made
63^2
pounds.
GREENE GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
which
by direct action.
spiral-spring lock.
and
is
the receiver.
stock,
tin
The handle
of the breech-bolt
closed.
is
so formed as to
lie
close to the
made
of
worked by canting
179
gun
to the left,
it
bolt,
when
is
withdrawn
HALL RIFLE.
This early breech-loading cne hundred of these
trial.
flintlock rifle
had a
In 1816
rifles
to a
company of
riflemen for
The
in
Hawk
said in the
Mexican war.
very popular up to the beginning of the Civil War, but was finally superseded by
the Sharps
rifle.
HAMILTON RIFLE.
This very light weight
rifle,
take either short or long .22 caliber cartridges, combines great accuracy, strength
and durability.
steel jacket
The frame
is
The
and
;
barrel, a double
is
rifled,
is
attached to
the upper rod of the frame by the muzzle and breech parts,
adjusted with a
taper nut at the muzzle, this nut being locked by a set screw
also
by a double lock
nut on the lower rod, which holds the breech portion securely on the rod with the
aid of a spring catch.
gun construction, not only secures perfect adjustment and alignment, but
solute safety.
The
shell is
when
is free.
The
rifle
may
be carried safely
in this position
without the
liability
of trigger mechanism.
HAMPDEN
This magazine gun has a capacity for
sesses the peculiarity that the
tirely
GUN.
and a cut
off.
five cartridges
It
posenleft
off, is
latter is
thereby
There
is
no safety
engages in the half-cock notch; or the same engagement can be obtained by (after
loading)
position.
partly turning
it
From
zine, the
the position and form of the cartridge packet, by simply using larger
packets, a greater
number than
five cartridges
number being
180
These excellent revolvers and guns are noted for simplicity of construction, and good shooting. The automatic double action revolver, shown in Figures 1 and 2, is made in all desired calibers. These are the standqualities of safety
ard 32
caliber 6 shot, 3^ inch barrel, weight IG ounces, using center fire Smith and Wesson cartridge: 38 caliber 5 shot, 3K inch barrel, weight 15 ounces, using center fire Smith and Wesson cartridge; in these a 4, 5, or (J
may be substituted. In the "Police" pattern, the thumb piece is away to prevent catching in the clothes when withdrawing from the pocket. To enable the user to thumb-cock the revolver, if he desires, the inner and upper part of the hammer is concaved. By pulling the trigger until the hammer catches on the sear at the half-cock notch, the cocking can be cominch barrel
cut
pleted with the thumb. The 22 caliber, 7 shot, 3 inch barrel, weighs 13 ounces, using a long or short cartridge, rim fire, with a possible substitution
FIGURE
2.
iiu'li barrel, using 4 or 5 inch barrels. The small frame 32 caliber, 5 shot inch center fire Smith and Wesson cartridge, weighs only 12 ounces; 4 or barrels may be substituted also in this revolver. The 22 caliber, 7 shot, 2 inch barrel, weight 12 ounces, rim fire long or short cartridge, and 32 caliber, 5 shot, 2 inch barrel, weight 11 ounces, center fire Smith and Wesson cart-
of
>
.")
181
The is desired. The automatic ha,mmerless revolver is shown in Figure 3. The latest production of this class is the 38 caliber, 5 shot, 3K inch barrel, weight 17 ounces, center fire Smith and Wesson cartridge, with a substitution of 4, 5 or 6 inch barrels. Figure 3 shows a lighter frame, 32 caliber, 5 shot, 3 inch barrel,
weapon
cases where a small, light weight, effective antomatic shell ejecting is seen in Figure 2.
FIGURE
3.
weighing 13 ounces. It is also made with 2, 4, 5, and 6 inch barrels. This revolver is remarkably safe and automatic shell ejecting. The American double action revolver (with regular or safety hammer) 32 caliber 16 ounces, 38 caliber 15 ounces, 44 caliber 18 ounces, with barLikewise the Young rels 2%, 4/^ or 6 inches, are well known and favorites. America Bull Dog, the H. and R. Bull Bog, the Young America Double Action and the Young America Safety Hammer, in every practicable and desired variety of caliber and weight, have excellent records and are generally quite
popular.
cylinder
The following directions should be observed in removing and replacing the and ejector. First open the arm to its full capacity then with the
;
thumb
as seen in
and holding it there, raise with the forefinger of the left hand, both the barrel and cylinder catches B then, releasing hold on cylinder catch bolt, the barrel and cylinder catches remain open at full height, and the cylinder and eiector mav be withdi-awn from the arm. To replace the cylinder and ejector,
Figure 4,
;
182
cylinder
the barrel and cylinder catches being opened or raised, as before described, and ejector may be retnrned to place on the quill; then, press hard
cylinder catch bolt, which will allow the barrel
th(
th<
retiiri
The Harrington and Richardson Arms Company have a on their revolvers of 32 and 38 caliber designed for export
trade.
weapon
barrel
is effective
without
noise,
in reserve, or as
las1
fired.
The
down under
th(
when not
in use.
To extend
To
thumb and
fore
position,
finnly in place.
butt down and guard toward you, release the blade by pressing the checked ends of the spring toward the axis of the bore with the thumb and seconc finger of the left hand, and at the same time swinging the blade downward with the forefinger.
barrels 28
This Company's automatic ejecting single gun,* Fig. 5, 12, 16 and 20guage to 32 inches, very recently put on the market, has acliievf d
It
is
very simple in
itt
unhinge the barrel and remove the butt plat Drive out the trigger pin when tlie guarcl am trigger can be removed. While holding the hammer at full cock insert small y)in in the main spring guide at rear end of spring; release the hannnei and the spring and guide can be readily taken out. Drive out the lunnnie pin and the hannner is free to be taken out.
action.
To dismount
in the
it,
first
and stock
usual manner.
To assemble, place the hammer in position and insert the hammer ph Place the main spring and guide in position, hold the hammer at full cock remove the small pin, ana let the hammer down. A pin not longer than th thickness of the guard is necessary to be used in holding the trigger in posi
tion in the guard.
trigger pin.
and while holding guard in position, then drive in Replace the stock, butt plate, and barrels in the usual way.
Insert
tlie
th
th
iioii-ejecting.
183
RIFLE.
is
now
generally
may
As a
With
previous charge,
the
in
order for
firing.
HELM GUN.
This breech-loading gun has a fixed chamber closed by a movable barrel, which
rotates about an axis parallel to the axis of the barrel.
this
The
peculiar feature of
arm
is
that
hammer may be
simultaneouslv cocked.
side,
The
desired.
siderable satisfaction.
HEPBURN-REMINGTON RIFLE.
This
rifle,
designed especially for long range target shooting, has a solid breech-
hammer,
so that
Remove the upper-screw in the left-hand side, and the To take out the hammer, remove the next upper screw and slip the hammer forward into the breech-block hole. To take out the extractor, remove the forward screw on left-hand side. The lever which operates
To
gun apart
:
breech-block
may
be taken out.
the breech-block passes through the rocker-sleeve with a square stud, and
in place
is
is
held
if it
by a
set
it
can be
done by taking
The barrel should not be unscrewed from the frame, except by experienced hands and proper appliances. When necessary to unscrew the frame, the extractor
should be taken out, and the breech-block and guard put back in place, before putting
on the wrench.
If at
firing-pin hole, so as to
make
ping the
hammer
The
military long-range
was adopted
See Rem-
by the National
from 80
h^ton Arms.
184
single shot
of this
make
use of smokeless and nitro powders and with strength combine many desirable features.
The system
is
verj^
i.
By simply
^^^^^^Si^
Figure
loosening the
thumb
may be taken
packing away.
it
To
Figure
2.
the empty
chamber ready
to
be reloaded.
The
Junior plain
weighs 4^^ pounds, has round barrel and rebounding lock, and requires a 22 caliber, rim fire cartridge, 22 inch barrel or 32 caliber, rim fire. 22 inch
;
barrel.
riRe
26
inch.
t,2
The
Sporting
24,
22 and
caliber,
rim
fire:
32,
rifle
38 and
with an
44
caliber,
Winchester:
32.40 and
38.55
3,
Marlin.
The
Si)orling
interchangeable shot
is
barrel.
Figure
weighs about 10
in
pounds.
rifles
The
shot barrel
16
length
These
have
set trigger
and
The new
rifle
target
a
rifle
weighs 6 pounds,
rifle
rim
fire. It is
compact
style of
tlie
take-down
*Not manufactured
185
and
is
rifle
cartridge.
The
single
built.
The The X.
and rebounding
lock.
44
weighs
12
pounds and
is
and
is
game.
The
gauge
choke
[bore
1
5 J^ pounds with a 30 inch barrel. The advantages of the Hopkins & Allen folding hammer
and weighs
lie in its
compactness and
the pocket, but
of
'
neat appearance.
still,
No hammer
to catch
either single or
No
by hammer
striking against
an object.
As a
hammer can
when
come
the trigger
firing,
is
when
and
lets
the
hammer
pass by.
The
embodied
Figure
4.
The rebounding
an
absolutely safe
hammerless revolver.
The
catch,
which
is
thrown
in
back
hammer by means
any
possibility
an accidental discharge.
made
styles
regular
it
hammer, folding
Fgure
shows the
action.
To
arm
on
naturally in the right hand, lay the left over the barrel, placing the the checkered parts of barrel catch.
thumb and
forefinger
will go,
and then
186
Place load
in
is
These
The 32
caliber
is
made
Figure
5.
The 38
at a
for
These patterns do not have automatic ejec11 ounces, with cartridge 22 call-
Figure
fire,
barrel 2
^
5
or ^yi inches.
The
with barrel
3^
or 5 inches.
The No,
a hard
shooter],
weighs
inches.
15^
The
ounces, 38
Tzf/r
caliber, rim
7
-)<4
or center
5-shot, with
b.uicl 3, 5,
is
6. 7,
or
weighs
7-shot, regul.
inch barrel.
* Neither one manufactured
at present.
187
The Hopkins & Allen Arms Company have recently purchased the business of Arms Company, formerly conducted at Worcester, Mass., by the
& Wadsworth,
and
orig-inally
founded by
line,
Ethan Allen.
They
will carry
may
much improved.
i.
To open
bolt,
the
breech-bolt
ceiver;
hand a
little in
making
To
down.
4.
To
Raise the
handle, and
bolt.
insert the
it
press
stop
it
back
in the
magazine
is
heard.
An-
other
may
The magazine
bolt-handle.
It
as a single
When
the
is
thumb-
such that
is
The
bolt-lock
is
placed on the
of the receiver,
same time
and the
manner
arm
lock
fired.
;
To
this
gun cocked.
To
unlock
closed by a bolt, by
The
its
when
the piece
is
it is
also bored
through
The
latter is
composed
of two parts, the body and the locking-tube, which are connected by a left-band
188
screw-thread.
the receiver.
ajT^ainst
locked by two
lus^^s,
cam
the bolt
cam on
of the rear end of the locking-tube forces the bolt slightly to the rear, starting the
shell,
The opening
(the
camming forward
of the
while the closing, by drawing the forward portion to the rear, aids the startshell.
ing of the
When
the bolt
is
is
of the spring-
hook
pattern, pulls on the upper side of the head of the shell while the
under
By
this
means the
shell is
thrown
clear of the
is
gun.
In order to insure the ejection of the shell a quick motion of the bolt
necessary.
The forked
the piece
slot in
the
hammer, allowing
it
only
when
is
locked.
etc.
It
A
is
hammer
by catching of clothing,
cocked.
receiver, or
from underneath, by
the breech-bolt.
surface.
is
The
carrier has
on
its
inner
As
the bolt
compelled to
rise,
When
the bolt
returned, the projections travel in the lower horizontal portion of the grooves
until
when
is
in
position
No
magazine cut-off
it,
provided.
As
viz.
cocked, opened,
loaded,
i
The
and
gun
I
the carrier,
in the
chamber.
ITHACA GUNS
These guns are noted for strength and great wearing
for
all
qualities,
are popular
nitro
The
is
drawing. Figure
forged whole.
a point
steel
The breech
is
where strength
in
most needed.
The drawing
also
and arrangement
action locks.
The
main spring
applied
lies
in
the frame
power
is
direct
to
the tumbler.
in
As
the
working parts of the locks are wholly contained within the frame,
180
In addition to the
is
still
further strengthened by the tang extending nearly the whole length and secured
its
of a spring, and
taken
ofif,
or replaced,
by
This spring
Figure
acts as a cushion in
i.
at the
hinge joint,
wear
at the joint in
never get loose or shaky in the joint by rough usage or hard shooting.
All Ithaca
fastening,
rib,
rebounding locks,
self-
self-
compensating,
hammers
all
gun
With a view
Figures 2 and
to the requirements
The No.
are leaders.
4i manipulation,
neat
The few
parts
com-
made
frame
i
in a
compact form, which avoids cutting away and weakening the frame
at the
that
of an ordinary strength of
retaining
more graceful
in the
outline
and greater
many improvements
all
manipulation of the
Ithaca hammerless
same
as a
hammer
gun, without
190
sprin-s when the gun is not in use, or oblige one tinued tension on the main The locks are rebounding, thus avoiding barrels. the cock it before replacing
to
Figure
the danger caused by firing pins pressed
2.
full
force of the
is
not cocked.
safety,
Figure
3.
matic to independent by a touch of the thumb, and vice versa, which enables one
in rapid firing to use his
gun independent of
fired only.
the safety
if
desired.
its
work
This device
is
upon the
main
detracts nothing
locks,
and
at
the
strongest,
most durable
191
so constructed that
is
on
The rebounding
is
improve-
ment.
action.
It
rebounds of
itself,
and
entirely independent of
to
lie
hammer,
its
trigger or
hammer
always
in
natural position,
left
Besides
many other valuable devices, such as the barrel catch, cylinder lock, and extractor cam no spring has any tension upon it except when in operation The safety hammer comprises three essential parts the hammer, firing pin,
; ;
and intervening
lever, or
what
is
termed the
raiser.
Figure
i.
hammer
safe
and
:
that, in
To
in
illustrate the
qualities
of this
weapon
should
the
hammer
catch
the
pocket,
or or
full
it
cock
is
should the sear be released in any other than the natural way,
impossible for the pistol to discharge.
finger
utterly
when
the sear.
the
thumb
to almost
cock, the
192
raiser
is
up
hammer
is
hammer,
we
thumb
knocks
releases
hammer, and
the trigger
hammer
i,
way.
for the
After releasing the trigger, the raiser drops down, leaving a receptacle
rebound of the
firing pin.
3,
is
made
in 22, 32,
is
and
shot
3. 4,
38
caliber,
wnth barrels
S.
3M,
fire
4- 5,
The chamber
cartridge.
and takes
and
& W.
center
cartridge.
is
5 inches long.
The chamber
The
lock,
hammer
revolver, viz.
together with the device for locking the cylinder, safety catch,
of the following advantages: fewer parts than
It
its
demands recognition
kind
;
any of
way
to the action,
by a top-plate
trigger,
new
and the
Most
such a
hammer by
in
way
that,
by a
slight accident,
and
it is
The
the trigger,
and
to
overcome
in the trigger,
Thus we have
is
hammer.
made
inches.
32 and 38
The
3^4, 4,
5?
and 6
The chamber
were originally
;
5 shot,
and takes a
& W.
center
fire
cartridge.
The Cycle
they are
but
now
in
They
less
same
The same
features are
impossible.
lioston Bull
last
Dog
is
revolvers, of
which more
small
number
of parts,
its
new locking
its
device,
its
fluted cylinder to
cartridges,
It is
and
very neat guard and trigger owing to the use of drop forgings.
made
in 22, 32,
and 38
caliber,
4^
Tlie
193
fire
The
gun
is
new
and
It
in
is
principle,
It
is
fire
absolutely safe in any position, without the use of bungling safety devices.
can
be opened, closed and fired without changing the position of the hands.
is
This
is
made with
seen in Figure
and which
is
easily operated.
Figure
2.
when
at full
opened
If the
hammer should be
at full
cock and the barrel open, the latter could not be closed.
fly
This prevents accidents; for should the barrel an accident would happen.
barrel open, a shell
is
discharged,
Again,
if
the
hammer
might be inserted, the gun closed and the trigger touched, also
This can not happen, however, as the
closed.
causing accident.
before the
trigger.
hammer must
gun
is
be
down
gun can be
to discharge the
to pull the
The
the
the
barrel catch
so constructed that
tight.
It is
up
all
gun gun
will
remain
apart, as a neat
is
head locking
is
bolt,
which
apart.
The automatic
cally
ejector
is
positive
and quick
action,
throws the
after firing.
hammer
is
getting the
released.
In
many guns
is
heavy and
stiff
to
hard
in
conse-
quence.
194
The
12
pounds.
The
6M
pounds.
neither
The new
It is
top snap, side snap, nor ring action, the gun being controlled by a single trigger
which becomes
other words,
to the firing
effective
tlie
is
hammer down
is
or, in
when
hammer
down
Figure
3.
This gun,
operates the
the
main spring up
absolutely safe.
JOSLYN GUN.
This very effective and serviceable gun was made about
fifty
It
used
in the Civil
War, requiring
could be loaded
The
stock
was shaped
U.
S.
The
heel-plate,
solid brass.
This gun,
preserved as a
relic.
JOSLYN-TOMES GUNS.
This breech-loa'.ling
rifle
which
hammer.
forward
dis-
195
hammer and
The
piece
Jcck
is
free to
move backward
is
The
It
is
hammer
also positively
of the bolt.
is
It is
hammer into the recess of the receiver, when the be fired by a back-action lock concealed in the bolt, the trigger alone being detached. The firing pin descends with the hammer along an inclined
may
groove
in the face of the bolt leading to the site of the fulmintae in the center
of the cartridge-head.
the side of the bolt,
closed.
Extraction is accomplished by a spring-hook recessed and riding over the rim of the cartridge when the piece
in
is
Ejection
is
longitudinal guides, one on each side of the receiver, and ejected by the head
striking first a stop on one guide;
rear of the
first,
and
positive.
The
chamber
in the barrel, in
which respect
The
on to the carrier
is
gun
is
cartridge
fired in the
is
gun.
The arm
always
left at half-cock,
it
can not
From
the half-cock
is
it
can be brought
from many other magazine -guns, which can only be cocked by removing the hand from the trigger.
The
parts are
all
The magazine
is
so arranged that
it
is
To charge
the right arm.
the magazine.
Grasp the cartridge between the thumb and the forefinger of right
it
forward, bullet
into the
thumb, which
may
charged with the breech either open or closed, and with the cut-off lever in
196
but
it
is
more convenient
to
To
is
First.
If the
fired or the
hammer
breecli-bolt (juickly
and with
sufficient force
to bring
a cartridge.
cock.
If
is
it
Shove the
is
bolt
desired to
lifted
fire,
it the hammer will remain at halfhammer may be brought to full-cock while the
arm
being
to
Second.
If the
hammer and
After the cartridge has been transferred from the magashould either be fired or removed from the gun before
another cartridge
is
To
use the
arm
magazine
in
reserve,
push the
cut-off lever
forward.
magazine.
This gun
it
is
so
made
but
if it is
preferred to have
left at full-
cock,
it
is
hammer
fly,
which
is let
KELTON GUN.
This .45 caliber gun
is
Army
service cartridge
(70 grains
neath the stock just in front of the trigger guard, as a quick loading device, a
opened.
The cam
is
the
same
as in the Spring-
gun.
KENNEDY
This novel repeating ormagazine
rifle,
RIFLE.
is
Arms Company,
a lever, the backward and forward movement of which cocks the hammer, opens
the breech, throws out the empty shell, and brings a
new
arm
It
has
all
the
first-class
magazine gun.
rifle
It is
of simple construction,
operated by a lever.
The
parts
It is
are of such size and form as not to be liable to break or get out of order.
who
is at all
safe,
197
barrel.
The
resistance to discharge
is
in direct
The
closed
when
the breech
locked.
The
cartridge used
Government standard,
When
a lighter charge
as the above
is
desired, the
the
is
same length
may
be used.
The magazine
and the
in reserve.
charged
can be
closed,
rifle
The arm
is 33-inch.
is
made
in three styles:
It carries,
when
loaded,
The musket weighs 9 lbs. 4 ozs. The 1 1 cartridges. The carbine weighs 7
barrel
lbs.
ozs.
rifle
The
barrel
is
22-inch.
lbs.
It carries,
when
loaded, 7 cartridges.
It carries,
The
sporting
weighs 9 to 10
The
barrel
is
28-inch.
when
loaded, 9 cart-
ridges.
KENTUCKY
This old
rifle,
RIFLE.
for the U. S.
excellent in
its
time,
was made
It
Government about
32 inches long,
butt-
has a heavy
steel barrel,
The
many
years ago.
curious arm, labeled Kentucky Deer Rifle, in the collection of the Holland
lbs.
153^
ozs.,
and has a
length
is
58 inches.
lock-plate
It
is
was a
flint-lock originally
but changed to
pill
percussion lock.
The
stamped R. Hyslop,
New
York.
KIRK RIFLE.
This breech-loading arm has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breech-block,
at
barrel,
being
This piece
is
KRAG-JORGENSEN RIFLE.
This
States
rifle,
is
the present
arm of
the United
Army.
Arms
at
198
made by
manufactured.
arm
same
American
rifles, is dissatisfied
with results,
States
and
is
is
unfit
The United
in the
that
is
world, and
accurate range
is
2000 yards.
Army
is
is
Experienc?
test of
arms
the
who pronounced
so,
perfect.
The
it
it
<langerous, and
necessitating
its
it
withdrawal and being called back from Great Britain's dependencies, where
had been
As
of
it;
will not
make
a detailed description
but will refer the reader to the Government booklet on "The Description
Rifle
and Carbine."
left drift is
From
this
desired information
may
be gleaned.
The
contradictory
explained,
clear as
mud, by
a statement that the "passage of the ball through the bore deflects
it
The reasons
for this
is
The
bolt
of the center.
The recoil is not met symmetrically by the mass, but The overhanging ounces of bolt handle and magazine
left
up
to the barrel
extremely
difficult to analyze.
backward
in
initially
this is
met by the
shoulder, and the underhang of the stock at a point averaging 45^ inches below the
axis of the bore.
The
left
inertia of the
muzle holds
it
momentarily
still
while the
The forward
hand
the rebound.
The
bolt lugs
and wave
action set up by the torque of the ball impinging against and passing
rifling.
This
last effect is
ball starts at
feet per
recoil.
We
being met
left
right
hand support
199
while the spiral
recoil lines,
will
inevitably bell
the muzzle.
The
bullet
at
a.
enough gyrostatic
stability to act as
it
an
which
will bruise
away
at the
final flip in
the
war dance
of complex flexures.
Plug
bore so
far
bell
less
The
stock
ridiculously
weak
On
LAIDLEY MUSKET.
.
gun
the
firing-
as in the Springfield
moderate expenditure
in its production.
An
is
taken,
ribbon-spring,
five
center; a hole
is
made on
its
its
under side
is
to receive a spring
through
center
screw; a short lever crosses the end of the barrel just in front of this disk, and
held in position by the spring already referred to
;
is
enlarged
it
which prevents
from
coming
out.
a horizontal cut
in length
;
is
made
a cylindri-
its
An
and secured
by a screw
hole
is
LANCASTER RIFLE.
This rather unique arm has a slightly oblate bore.
experience to be most advantageous,
is
The
twist,
as found
by
one turn
in
52 inches.
The approved
is
An
an inch
is
found
sufficient to
make
on
its
its flight.
The
200
The four
hammerless
though the
it
In general construction
much
like
it,
made
in this country,
and
accuracy for
all
four barrels
is
impossible to attain.
LARSEN GUN.
This magazine gun holds
sliding the
five
cartridges.
cut off by
until a stud
engages
of the box.
LEE GUN.
This gun
principle of
is
practically the
bolt
arm known
as the Lee-Speed,
differ
its
made
rib,
which
it
for that
purpose.
made necessary
in
The magazine
cartridges.
is
to be arranged close together and increasing the capacity of the magazine to ten
The shape
its
catch
is
slightly altered.
See
Rifle.
LEE-METFORD GUN.
The embodiment
State for of
all
improvements
in the
Lee gun.
rifle in
of
War
says this
arm
is
superior to any
course of manufacture by
&
Graham upon
by a "staight pull," instead of the customary "up turn" and "pull back."
The
is
gun
is
rifle
should be borne
in
in
mind.
It
as the time
five
consumed
inserting a clip
These
five iOiots
may
and
it
may
as
it
insert a
This gun
may
same time
201
bolt the cartridge
on closing the
mode
of firing
may
is
be continued as long
its
gun
will be
magazine
charged.
favor of this
rifle
its
adaptability as a
single loader.
special care
is
may
either
this
be
The
bolt has
on
its
under
when
the bolt
is
of recoil,
to
downward, tending
to the
more
no resistance
by the operator.
The gun
is
The gun
is
manipulated as follows
The
Grasp a
clip or pack,
thumb and
left
first
two
pack
bolt.
in the
of the
it
With
thumb on
down
from the
clip,
which
will
in the
by the follower
upper portion of
bolt
head
is
The gun
is
now ready
release
is
and the
drawn back
pushed down, or
If
it is
the gun.
not desired to
the
gun
may be
rendered
it
inoperative by pulling
clicks.
up the
firing-pin-lock,
on the
left
The
firing-pin-lock
come
firing-pin lock
down
releases the
pulled, the
gun
will be discharged.
After
draw the
bolt
On
bolt,
another cartridge
is
pushed into
the chamber.
If
it is
may
be charged with single cartridges, which should be inserted under the extractor,
with their heads at the rear of the magazine and in front of the clip-release-ways.
In cleaning the gun, enter the weight of the cleaner into the muzzle
and
let it
202
If the
through the
barrel.
To
clean the chamber, put a small piece of cloth in the loop of the cleaner,
it
and
thrust
into the
rear.
of the cleaner
is
made
sufficiently
To dismount the gun, the trigger being on bolt stop thumb piece, and pull out bolt
extractor to prevent
its
thumb on end of
from
bolt
until
dropping.
Push
SYSTEM CLOSED
notch on
striker
;
its
lower end
let
is
then
go of
from
striker.
cam lever and turn cam lever clear of Remove cam lever, then firing-pin striker. Drive
bolt.
out firing-pin stop-pin, and shake firing-pin 3.nd firing-pin spring out from
Remove
collar
firing-pin striker,
and take
off
mainspring by unscrewing
trigger guard screw and
Unscrew
SYSTEM OPEN.
receiver tang screw,
follower, and
push down
magazine wall
to rise, turning
arm from
Remove
Unscrew
Remove
Raise rear
cover forward
203
barrel.
from
Lift
stock.
and push
down and
Remove
pin lock or under side of receiver, by means of notch in front side of head.
Spring
bolt
slot,
Push
firing-pin lock
down
until
lug at
its
turn
it
slot in
frame of receiver.
To assemble
it
the
and turn
up,
and
lug at
its
then press
it
up
into place.
Put
in bolt
release
and spring
into position.
Force
slide
it
in lock pin,
firing-pin-lock.
in stock.
into place.
in
band screws.
Place sear,
trigger,
in
them by
their pins
and
screw.
on
sear,
and put
in sear soring.
Place elevator
arm
cut
in elevator spring
with pin
swing
elevator
;
arm
arm
stock,
and
screw
mainspring into
on.
Put
its
collar
on
end of mainspring
rests in
notch on
front end.
Place firing-pi
bolt,
securing firing-pin
in its seat.
by
stop-pin.
Put
Turn
striker.
Hold rear
See
left side
of bolt
Put up
bolt stop
Winchester Arms.
LEFEVER GUN.
The Lefever automatic hammerless gun. model
automatic shell ejector, Figure
i,
compensated action
to take
up the wear
every direction.
Especial
attention
is
gun are bored on the taper system, giving the greatest penetration and even
bution of shot, are built for both black an
equally good results.
1
nitro powder,
dispenses with
many
small pieces
work
both
hammers
204
gun
to be
With only
Figure
i.
it
makes an
action
These advantages
are
The compensating
pensating
ball
shown
in
Figue
2.
F,
is
a com-
and socket
at the
and turning
this
screw to the right as far as possible, the barrels are forced back
made
as tight as
when
the
C,
gun
is
first left
The
ball is
made of
and tempered.
is
a cast steel
ctit
on
level of 15 degrees.
B,
aid of a screw.
Figure
square shouldered top fastener B,
is
2.
fitting
down
205
This top fastener has a bearing on each side of the neck one-eighth of an inch in
This
in
compensating
bolt,
makes
it
by
gunpowder.
The new
bolt does
away with
compensation by simply cutting the bearings of top fastener and bolt on an angle of 15 degrees, thus allowing the bolt to enter further as the wear takes place.
As shown
in the
3,
movement
This con-
consists of only
two
one
in the
the
hammer.
Figure
struction does not in
3.
leaving the square shoulder top fastener and compensating features intact.
is
any way change or interfere with the action of the gun, thus A,
a lever pivoted in the frame with projections on the front end and notch on the
rear end
in the
and
is
spring.
in the
is
B,
is
a hook pivoted
lever, so
hammers and
the
end of the
when
the
hammers
lift,
forced down.
When
hammers reach
this lever
hook B
end of
A, which
gun
are apparent,
i.
Very
2.
Compensated
action to take
4.
up wear
in every direc-
ordinary
strength of action.
No
The
hammer
gun.
hammers up
even
or down.
The gun can be taken apart and put 6. The position of the hammers can be
as-
hammer
shells
is
gun.
7.
Hammers
8.
can-
not be jarred
off,
two pounds.
The only
hammers, extract
9.
The
hammer
206
gfun,
when
firine: at
quick-moving
ii.
objects.
lo.
No hammers
made
on twigs or bushes,
12.
The
13.
safety can be
The use
of gas-
tight,
independent phmgcrs prevents any chance for escape of gas into the locks.
locks are rebounding.
14.
The
lever,
together.
15.
The
ease
friction to
overcome, as only
because
one piece
is
employed
hammers.
fall
no
of the hammers.
iq.
17.
Interchangeable
main spring.
to raise both
in
Self-compensating
20.
bolt.
hammers.
21.
Can be taken
hammers
any
position.
joint.
Has
hinge
is
closed by a
mova-
The cam is held in position by a spring, one branch The breech-block is simply a box containing
arm
of which controls the motion of the
fir-
The box
is
which
is
firing-pin lever
so
moved by
arm
When
the lever has been rotated sufficiently, the trigger-spring causes the nose of
;
at the
the
cam
cam
The
The
extractor
is
flat
which
The magazine
is in
the butt-stock.
It is
LOVELL REVOLVER,
This revolver designed by Captain Hben Swift, of the Fifth United States Cavalry,
is
.38 caliber
and double
action.
It is
an e.xtremely wellits
made arm, combining all the best features of The terrific recoil of the old Army .45 caliber
dread to most
the
officers
class.
Colt revolver
made
it
an object of
and men.
To
maximum
new model.
207
SIGHTS.
is
Lyman
rear sight
new
in its application.
When aiming
aimed
has the appearance of a ring, which shows the front sight and the
at,
Figure
gives an ap-
proximate idea of
top of
rifle
how
It will
barrel
distinctly as if
no
rear sight
was
used.
Figure 2 shows
how
the
common open
is
sight appears
when aiming.
The most
The
is
greatly magnified as
common open
sight.
many an impression
;
that an aperture
be accurate.
Many
prefer the large aperture reamed out center of this large aperture
wing
shooting.
This light slightly, but gradually, diminishes as the rim of the sight
approached.
Figure
i.
Figure
2.
This center of stronger light partly explains the fact that the eye takes care of
itself
when no
attention
is
why
it
of the aperture.
is
With
no
difficulty in
WHien both
eyes are used the right eye does the aiming, while the
The
distance
The
is
more than
slight,
seen
when
This
is
accomplished by a
but sufficient
sight.
The reason
is
view
is
about
the
same diameter,
ordinary
lights,
208
With ordinary
the
and the
object
andi in
aiming
it
changes
its
e.,
changes
its
focus
by flattening or thickening
lens at will,
it
first
Then
it
and the
object,
sight
against the
Old eyes
lens,
lose the
power of accommodation
flat-
nary sights
i.
of
advantages of
this sight
over
sighted as quickly as
This sight
cannot shut out the view of the front sight, nor the object to be aimed at; while,
with any other rear sight, the chief difficulty
in
aiming
is
and
object quickly into line without interfering with the view of the front sight or the
object.
3.
This sight can be used when the light becomes too dim to use any
its
4.
Old
and shoot
it is
better
common
also far
With
flying,
this sight
a hundred-
moving
it
objects,
is
running or
Any
and
it
is
no danger of
it
being injured.
This sight
rifle,
and makes
it
possible to bring to
on the wing.
it
8.
Breaking glass
balls
is
made
easy;
no "guess\\"ork" about
in the
when
rifle
same way
that a
peep sight
attached.
1,000 yards.
Figure
at the end.
sleeve,
attached to the
rifle, it is
should be tested at
>^rds
when
the sight
Then turn
is
remove
it
again and
is
file
it is
The
stop pin
quite important, as
By
object
when
209
is
when hunting.
sight,
is
down.
with cup
shown
rifles
in
Figure
It
intended for
Match
the
and Gallery
sight.
rifles.
Combination
Many
however, for
it
is
much
Figure
3.
Figure
5.
The
is
easily
removed, and the shooter will find that for most practice better work can be done
with
for a
it
off.
The Wind-gauge
rifle.
makes a good
outfit
Match
On most
rifles
sisfht
Figure
bv anvone not a mechanic.
6.
As some
rifles,
in the
210
tang for a rear
will
to the tang, turn the sight up, so that the spring in the joint holds
for shooting.
in position
Figure
6.
it
the barrel, take a rourwl piece of iron about the size of a lead pencil
nail will do),
(a large
at the right
screw a
trifle,
as
may
it
perfectly upright.
on the
left side
remains in
It
rifles
is
its
place.
Do
notj
by pinching
it
together in a vise.
to take
it
rifle barrel,
wood
part of the
stock,
when
On some
in use.
rifles
the sight]
should fold
i.
down forward
instead of
The middle/
barrel.
e.,
rifle
A
i
Lyman
way
from
sight,
it
that they should, for the reason that they will not take off the middle
directly
in
which stands
the
This
stationary sight can be replaced by the folding leaf sight, or the slot on the
barrel can be filled with a blank piece, that the looks of the rifle will be
when
is
taken
off,
so
improved.
Sight the
rifle
its
at a target by]
elevation.
Thej
is
and, therefore, can be used only after the gun has been tried.
The graduatedl
rifle.
marks
Shoot
are,
first at
nearly point blank range, say 50 yards, noting the graduated marks
on
to i,oooi
Figure
yards
;
7.
if
possible, noting each distance on the sight, and, if necessary, putting onl
for point blank, put the short pin in the lower end of the sight stem, so that
down below
tlic
In hunting
it
is
not often!
211
necessary to change the elevation of the sight, for the front sight can be held a
shot.
When
shooting at a running
game, such as a deer, the sight can be elevated by a turn of the knurled sleeve This without removing the eyes from the game or the rifle from the shoulder.
gives one a great advantage
rifle.
is
The
sight should be
it
will
naturally
come
if
the
rifle
held properly.
After
down
some near
become
It will
apparent at once
sight
;
how
if
Now, turn up
as easily
and
the object,
and
it
will be
is
done as
is
it
alone,
it
essential in
means of using
shooting the top of the front should be held below the bull's-eye, as seen in
Figure
7.
When
the
rifles it is
is
desirable to
This
easily
done by finding
know how
Figure
8.
is
when
the
rifle is
necessary.
The L}Tnan
principle of
is
Wind-gauge
sight,
shown
Figure
10,
sight.
is
which
in the
combination sight.
sleeve,
The
which
by turning a knurled
At every one-fourth
The
The upper
down forward
it
when not
degrees,
in use.
is
out of position
it
when
is
will spring
back to
its
place.
When
adjusting
it,
screw
it
to the tang
is
of the
fixed
rifle
The
a target
by the adjustable
212
It is desirable that
sig-ht is at
is
when
the
This
back,
done by turning the sight up out of the sleeve thread and then turning
it
starting
in
that brings
it
when
diown.
sight
is
It is
not often desirable to use the cup, for the large aperture of the
the best even for target shooting.
9,
much
Referring to Figure
sight.
This
sight gives the sportsman a clear white bead, which can be seen distinctly against
^
9.
is
it
Figure
Figure 10
any
object, in the
woods or
in
The
all
more prominent,
is
Lyman
ivory
hunting front
that there
sight.
The
its
ivory
no danger of
being injured.
all
many
prefer
sight.
around
use.
This
<SBK^
Figure
Jack at night.
it
11.
It
is
is
is
snown
ivory.
Figure
11.
"d" shows
used with
It is
around shooting.
its
The
sight
is
shown on
the
rifle.
If
screw, which
is
shown
in
Figure
This
is
an
213
Match
rifle.
It
It is
compact
When
f
.
g
12.
Figure
set for a
it
is
Lyman Wind-gauge
base.
is
Wind-gauge
leaf sight
The Lyman
shown
is
in
Figure
13.
One
leaf
is
a bar, with a
tri-
a wide open
crotch.
Many
sportsmen
who
This
use the L}Tnan rear sights do so with the ordinary crotch sight on the barrel.
is
much
in
is
done
folds
at a great disadvantage.
Lyman's
It
down
manner
and: the
Figure
result is that the shooting
is
13.
twice as good as
when
in
is
on the
sights
barrel.
Lyman tang
that,
if
for nearly
shooting,
he
is
The bar
leaf
is
when used
at night with a
jack.
The right-hand
as tightly as desired.
rifles is
shown
in
Figure
14.
It is
arm and
is
stop.
The
aperture
backward.
The
sight
elevated by turning
a few minutes.
it
around
to the left.
Any gun-
it
on the
rifle in
The
ofl^
shuld be removed, or
its
to
when
aiming.
The
214
shown
in
"k" and
"1".
It
has a
re-
The Lyman
Figure
ceiver sight
(like the '95
sight.
14.
shown
in
Figure 15
is
intended for
rifles
having a long
firing bolt
It is also
recoil.
It is
and
is
made
of a
flat
receiver,
toward the
The
is
On
top.
hole
is
long
slot.
screw
is
through the
slot,
To
thumb
it,
it
in position.
Figure
15.
the L}'man ivory bead front sight for the '95 model
rifle
Win-
and Roniingtoii-
is
Lyman
revolver sights
in
when aiming.
light
The
rear sight
is
quite novel.
any
time
on any object.
With
these sights
in half the
215
serious difficulty in
this
choke-bored guns.
One
that the
gun
is
not often
Figure
17.
makes
it
more
By
using a small and short ivory sight, placed well forward on the
wonderfully
good
the
Not only
time.
is
two
is
ment
made
at
the same
is
This
common
shooting.
It is
mistakes
which
results in
under-
This system
Figure 17
It will
is
at a straight-away bird.
when
the aim
and
in a line with
it.
In this drawing
is
gun
is
right,
out of
Figure 18
Fisrure 18.
Figure
sight.
19.
sight,
in
Lyman
all
it
rifle is
when
216
comes
to a shot
is
near perfection.
Figure 20 shows
some
excellent records:
No.
.44,
i.
Seven
is
in diameter,
Winchester
Lyman
sight,
Six of
these are grouped in the center of the target and can be included in a circle if
inches in diameter
at about
Figure 20.
circle.
Nos. 2 and
3.
With
4.
5 shots
each at a circle if
No.
Maynard
in
;
3-16 of an inch
in
diameter
four of these bullets have cut the white spot, and can
all
Nos. 5 and
6.
Winchester
.44.
same
in diameter.
217
work-
ing and simpHcity of action. The solid top receiver and superior mechanism insure absolute safety to the user. In all these arms, the top of the action, which is the portion coming between the cartridge and the shooter's head, is
is left
always a chance of accident and injury, either from defective around the head, a "hang fire" (the'cartridge not exploding immediately on the blow of the firing pin, but a fraction of time later,
when perhaps the action is partially opened ), or some one of the many unacOuntables for which guns and ammunition are proverbially famous. In this rifle there can be no accident from any of these causes. Neither can there be a premature discharge. The action is so adjusted that a cartridge cannot be exploded until the action has first been locked, which renders the
shooter safe from such accidents. The side-ejecting principal is a source of great comfort, as well as a matter of safety, for the empty shells are never eject-
ed into the face; they never cross the line of sight never interfere with the aim and the eyes and lungs are never filled with smoke and for the next shot gases. The solid top also makes it impossible for rain, snow, falling leaves and twigs, pine-needles, etc., to get into the action, as the top is always closed and consequently the action protected there are no crevices for rain, etc., to leak through, and there is no hollow top to catch and hold the rain. Figure 1 The rifle can be used as a single shot with the greatest facility. It is only
; ; ;
necessary to drop the cartridges into the opening left by the breech bolt when the action is open and then close the lever. Bullets will often be jammed down
into the shell
by continued jolting in transportation, or shells may be reloaded with hght bullets to make a short range cartridge. In either case the action will accommodate the cartridge perfectly as long as the regular shell is used. The rifle will take anything varying in length from the empty shell as a minimum up to the full size cartridge as a maximum. A very effective and extremely simple device is introduced to permit this. A projection on the lower
218
short the first cartridge may be, the head of the following one will strike against the front of the carrier and cannot enter it until the lever is again closed. Cartridges loaded with round bullets can be used. Very often cart-
much alike, as for instance 38 and 44 caliber, get mixed. have found 44 caliber cartridges among the 38s, having been so sliip[)ed from the factor^'. In most cases a person using a rifle and getting a larger cartridge into it, is in trouble and cannot get out the cartridge without taking the gun apart. With this rifle, if such a cartridge gets into a smaller caliber gun, all you have to do, when you find your lever will not close, with a cartridge in the chamber, is to extract and eject the cartridge by throwing forward your lever, exactly as if it were an empty shell. This is the only repeating rifle on which a telescope can be conveniently used. A telescope can be fitted to the rifle just as to a single shot, for the action in no way interferes with its being placed as far back as is desired. Many people desire repeaters, but also wish to use them with telescopes for fine shooting. To all such I can recommend Marlin repeaters with the greatest confidence. The Marlin repeater, model 1892, was designed especially to provide a clean and convenient repeater for rim fire ammunition and is made in two calibers, 22 and 32. Until very recently all rim fire cartridges have been lubricated on the outside of the bullets, and even now, with but very few exceptions, they are thus lubricated. Consequently, when using these cartridges, a certain amount of the lubricant will work off and further, when the rifle becomes heated, especially with continued firing, the lubricant will melt to a degree, and uniting with the burnt powder, penetrate every recess of the action, hardening as the arm cools. Naturally, after a time, the action will work hard and must be cleaned. This is true even in a single shot, but in a repeater the difficulty is of course multiplied. The action must be taken apart which heretofore has not been very easy in the case of repeating rifles. In the Marlin model 1892, however, the thumb-screw on the right hand side of the action can be unscrewed and the entire side of the receiver removed. The carrier and breech bolt can be taken out; from the breech bolt nuiy be taken the firing \)'m and extractor. The finger lever can be slipped off its pin, ami in a few seconds the ejector also can be removed from its slot. The whole action is then entirely apart. Not a single tool is used in doing this. To take the rifle apart and put it together again requires but a fraction of a minute. This feature of the Marlin rifle is a very valuable one, as the action can be thoroughly cleaned in two or three minutes, and naturally when it can be done so easily, the action is cleaned more frequently, and the result is a better working gun and more lasting satisfaction. It is inq^ossible to clean any other make of repeating rifle with such facility. It will be observed, that as
ridges which are
I
;
219
bv the breech bolt can be removed, this allows the shooter to clean the barrel very inserting the wiping rod and drawing it out through the barrel. It is a valuable feature in a small bore rifle, to be able to clean the gun from the
breech,
which
is of
way to
clean a barrel.
It is
next to im-
by pushing the rod down and drawing it back, as the doubling up of the rag prevents using one of proper Another valuable feature is, that owing to the removable side plate, size. ammunition, a bullet if the action becomes clogged because of dirt, defective unscrewed and the be can plate side the etc., slipping out of the cartridge, trouble remedied in less than a minute. The magazine of this rifle can be
possible to clean a 22 caliber barrel properly
readily removed, allowing the shooter to clean out the inside of the magazine, -which may become dirty, owing to the lubricant.
Draw
and wiping
I j
rod, and the outside, which is the part bearing against the inside the surface of the outside tube, can also be cleaned. In order to put in magazine tube, merely reverse the operations. That is, slip in the tube, slid-
ing over
the magazine it the forearm and forearm tip, push the tube down so tube stud will come in its right position, and then screw in the magazine tube stud screw. This rifle is operated by a finger lever, and any one using this system for home practice, will find it a great help when he goes into the woods with his larger caliber and finds himself in the presence of game or danger. The throw of the lever is very short and the manipulation exceedingly easy.
The method
of loading this
rifle is
These cart-
and further, owing to the outside lubricant, the fingers would soon become too slippery to load them properly through a loading spring cover. This rifle has two tubes, of which the outer one is a cover, the inner one the magazine. Thex^uter tube is held in position firmly, both when
open and closed.
TO FILL THE MAGAZINE. magazine tube and draw the outer tube straight out until the loading hole is open. Drop in the cartridges close down the tube. The especially valuable feature here is that the cartridges in the rifle are loaded directly into the inside tube, the outside tube being merely a cover, so that there can be no jamming, no pushing and no cutting of the cartridges in loading this rifle. Every cartridge is dropped in clearly and neatly. This
Take hold
of the
end
of the
is
most rapid and cleanest loading device as yet introduced. importrifle has been made until lately as the model 1891, but several ant changes have been effected in the action, and in consequence it is now
the
This
\\
220
called
model 1892. In the model 1891 the trigger and sear were in two part8 the safety was effected by making it impossible to pull the trigger off, until the lever had pushed up the safety catch which projected from the lower tang, and in this way brought the sear into connection with the trigger as a single part. In the model 1892 the trigger and sear are made one, doing away with all play there. The model 1892 rifle is absolutely safe, because it cannot be fired until the bolt is fully locked. Otherwise the lever is in the way of the firing i)in, so that it cannot go forward even flush with the surface of the breech bolt, nnich less far enough to squeeze the rim of the cartridge. Figure To clean the action unscrew the thumb screw 2, shows the action closed. on the right hand side of the receiver, and lift off the side plate. The carThe firing rier, breech bolt and lever also, if desired, can then be taken out. pin and extractor may be removed from the breech bolt, all without tools.
Referring to Figure 2, the parts are as follows :-A, the carrier; B, the hammer; C, the breech bolt; D, the finger lever; E, the carrier rocker; H, the ejector; /,
is
the carrier
slightly raised
with its lowest point upon the thrown down and a cartridge enters the carrier, and partially closes the magazine, cutting off the
following cartridge from entering the action. projection on the breech bolt holds back the
enter the carrier but a short distance.
When
first
the action
is
closed,
it
the
cartridge allowing
to
ed by throwing
cartridge
is
down
the lever,
Consequently when the action is openthe first cartridge slips out, but the second
held back
by the
carrier.
When
the lever
is
drawn
lifts
back, raising
the cartridge to
When
the lever
is
drawn
then
chamber, and one projecting from the magazine a slight distance into the action. Any adjustment in action can be readily made by
a cartridge
in the
221
it is
where
"
V"
The 22 caliber repeater uses in one rifle three distinct cartridges, the shorty and long rifle. With the choice between black and smokeless powder loads, and also the solid and mushroom bullets, a very complete line of cartlong,
is offered, all of which may be used in one rifle. This rifle takes only rim fire cartridges. Figure 3, shows a target with the 22 long rifle cartridge in a plain Marlin rifle, model 1892, 22 caliber, 10 shots at 100 yards. The 32 caliber rifle is so constructed that the same rifle uses all of the following cartridges 32 short rim fire, 32 long rim fire, both inside and outside lubricated the 32 short center fire, and the 32 long center fire, both inside and outside lubricated. Blank and shot cartridges of these sizes can also be used. Shot cartridges should be used very sparingly in a rifled barrel and the barrel
ridges
must be frequently and carefully cleaned, otherwise there will be diflRculty owing to leading. The rifle as sent out from the factory is adapted to rim fire ammunition, but a center fire firing pin is furnished with every rifle. The firing pins can be interchanged by any one without using a single tool. To change the firing pin it is merely necessary to unscrew the side plate screw and remove the side plate. The breech bolt can then be taken out, when the firing pin may be slipped out and the new firing pin inserted in its place. The breech bolt is then put back in the rifle and the side plate replaced, when the rifle is ready to use the center fire ammunition. This can be done in less than a minute. Of
when the rifle is adjusted to rim fire ammunition, it will use either the short or long cartridges, without change in adjustment; and likewise wlien adapted to center fire ammunition, either the short or long cartridges may be
course,
This rifle was made in response to demand for a repeater of larger caliber than the 22, to use ammunition that was cheap, effective and generally used, so that the shooter could have a rifle taking cheap ammunition, which hecould at the same time readily obtain.
used without any change in adjustment.
the
All the
the 32-20 or 32
above requirements have been met. As compared with repeaters using W. C. F. cartridges, the entire cost of the rifle will be saved on
now
fitted
at the
mouth
of the magazine.
222
the
two thousand cartridges. The ammunition is what costs in the long For ordinary- purposes get the best rifle made to shoot cheap cartridges. If you do not care to shoot at longer ranges than 100 yards and wish to use a rifle on small game, this 32 caliber will be found thoroughly satisfactory. This This rifle is the only repeater using rim fire cartridges larger than 22 caliber. is fitted with Kocky Mountain rear and front sights otherwise it is exactly the same in style and finish as the 22 caliber repeater of this model. The Marlin repeater, model 1897 is a take down repeater in 22 caliber, adapted to use in one rifle without any change in adjustment, the 22 short, 22 long and 22 long rifle cartridges, including, of course, the smokeless cartridges in these sizes, as well as the special cartridges with nnishroom bullet, blank and shot cartridges. This is just the gun to take on a summer vacation, or to the woods it will come in handy for birds, snap shooting, killing time on rainy days, etc. it takes no room it weighs next to nothing and can be put together and taken apart in less time than it takes to describe it. Just the thing to take on a bicycle trip through the woods and country. With the short barrel it can be carried handily in a diamond frame. As will be observed, it is the model 1892 in take-down form.
run.
; ; ; ;
ACTION.
simply that of the model 1892 with, of course, the addition The receiver is of the take down principle and consequent improvements. made of special steel used in high power smokeless rifles, which insures a solid durarifle, and is finely case hardened, adding greatly to the appearance and all and the receiver the inside of the rifle has This same. the of bility
The action
is
inner parts finely finished, not only giving a pleasing effect when the rifle is apart, but further improving the action and rendering it especially easy to work. The working j)arts, viz.: the carrier, breech bolt, etc., are made of
FIGURE
4.
tool steel carefully hardened, which insures freedom from wear and in conseFigure 4, shows the left hand side of requence a permanent adjustment. ceiver with breech bolt, barrel and magazine attached. It will be observed
that the breech bolt is secure, so there is no danger of its droj)ping out and being lost, as there is a groove on the under side of the breech bolt in which a projecting lip on the su])port at the rear end of the receiver fits. Consequenth', to remove the bolt it must be puslied back to the limit of its path, when it is free. Except in this jxjsiliou the bolt cannot be removed. All
223
parts are securely fastened in the rifle, making it impossible to lose any when the rifle is apart, while at the same time they can be easily removed, if desired, although the rifle can be thoroughly and conveniently cleaned without taking out a single part of the action. When the breech bolt is removed the magazine
may be readily cleaned, as the wiping rod and cloth can be pushed right up into the inside tube. In this way the grease and dirt from the lubricant is removed, and the spring and the follower will naturally work more easily. stock Fio-ure 5, shows the right hand side of the receiver with action and butt attached. The rifle can be taken apart with the bolt closed by cocking the hammer, unscrewing the thumb screw on the r
FIGURE
5.
left.
To remove
the
it
back as far as
it
will
go when
it
can be
lifted out.
TO PUT THE RIFLE TOGETHER. Cock the hammer; then place the right side of the receiver on the left side so that the lip A fits in a, a recess provided to receive it. Then as the right
side of the receiver is pressed
on the left side, the beveled shoulders B and C fit and c, figure 4 screw in the thumb screw. The Marlin repeater, model 1894 is the successor to the well-known model 1889 and is the latest and most improved repeating rifle for the popular 25-20 Marlin, 32-20, 38-40 and 44-40 cartridges. In the model 1894 rifle, every desirable feature of the model 1889, which tended to make that arm the sportsman's favorite wherever it was introduced, has been retained and the improvements suggested by five'more years of experience and experiment have
:
been added.
in the
The model 1889, with its solid top and side ejection, was a distinct advance manufacture of repeating arms. This was the first of the repeaters with the solid top and side ejection. In constructing the model 1893 to use the 32-40 and 38-55 cartridges, improvements were devised simplifying the action and rendering it much safer, in that with these changes it is impossible to shoot a cartridge unless all the parts are in place and the action completely
224
locked.
No person can by any accident, leave out one or more of tlie parts of and then discharge a cartridge with the action in an incomplete state. These improvements incorporated into the model 1889 produced the model
his rifle
1894.
ACTION.
mechanism consists of but three pieces, viz., the breech bolt, locking bolt and finger lever. The breech bolt is a straight bolt which slides horizontally backward and forward, the sides and to{) of receiver forming a path for the same, insuring correct motion. The breech bolt is further lateralh^ guided by a rib on the top which fits in a corresponding groove in the top of the receiver. As the barrel is chambered to admit the head of the cartridge and also the front end of the breech bolt, the bolt coming up solidly not only covers the cartridge completely but is itself supi)orted by the barrel. The locking bolt sliding in vertical grooves cut in the sides of the receiver, as will be seen in Figure 6, fits squarely up into the breech bolt. A section of the
The
entire breech
It will
be
is
rifle
correct
and
exact.
As the
all
both the
weak
broken are thus avoided and there is no lost motion and waste of power. I'he throwing of the lever is short and easy. The carrier in this arm is to be noted for its simplicity and positive action. As may be seen from the illustrations there is a projection on the lower side of the carrier, which is acted against by the cam on the lever, in such a manner that as the lever is thrown down and a cartridge enters the carrier, the carrier is slightly raised and partially closes the entrance from the magazine. No matter how short the first cartridge may be, the head of the following one will strike against the front of the carrier and cannot enter the action until the levei- is again closed. In consequence cartridges with round bullets can be used and the action wull pass cartridges varying in length from the empty shell as a minimum up to the full size cartridge as a maximum. Cartridges are often found in Avliich by some accident the bullets have been seated too far in the Such shell or have been driven down to this position during transportation. ammunition causes no difficulty in a Marlin re[)eater. The carrier is raised and lowered by the action of the finger lever against an automatic rocker j)i voted near its rear end.
SAFETY.
The safety on this rifle is very 8imj)le in its action and construction. The When the firing pin, a cylindrical piece of steel, is cut completely in two. action is closed and locked, these two pieces are brought up by the locking bolt into a direct line and ])ractically form one solid piece. But the slightest motion of the finger lever draws back the firing pin, the locking bolt is lowered and the front end of the rear piece drops down into the slot in the breech
225
it
With the
and
it is
impossible to drive
is closed and firmly locked by the locking bolt, when the firing pin is again connected by the locking bolt. This can hapi)en only when the whole action is fully locked. If in taking apart and assembling the rifle the locking bolt should be accidentally left out, the rifle cannot be fired, thus effectually preventing any accidents of this character arising from carelessness or The lever is held in position by an automatic lever catch placed ignorance.
bolt
The near the front end of the lever, thus avoiding a projecting safety catch. locking bolt does not project, being entirely within the receiver, whether the action is open or closed. The rifle is not only improved in appearance, owing
to the fact of
its
being smooth and free from projections; but, there are no with the hand or catch the clothes, and no parts of
The trigger
is in
one
piece, instead of
A. Lever;
B. Ejector;
mer;
I.
F.
Ham-
FIGURE
'6.
This improvement does away with all i)lay about the trigger and simplifies the action, by reducing the number of parts. The ease with which this arm can be dismounted and assembled is an important
as
in
rifle.
consideration.
previous experience.
sary
Any person of ordinary intelligence can do this without To take the action apart, but one screw-driver is necesinasmuch as the essental screws are made with practically the same head
and slot. Figure 6 shows a section of the rifle with action open. The models 1893 and 1895 rifles have exactly the same action as the model 1894, the only points of difference being in the size of the receiver, breech bolt, carrier and similar parts, which changes are of course necessitated by the differences in
the dimensions of the cartridges.
TO DISMOUNT THE ARM. Take out the tang screw and remove the butt stock. Swing the main spring to one side, thus removing all pressure from the hammer screw take out the
;
226
Remove the lever screvr and lever, Take out the trigger plate screw at the trigger plate and locking bolt may be the front of the trigger removed. As all of these screws have practically the same size head, it will be observed that a single screw-driver is the only tool necessary to dismount the rifle conveniently. If desired, the carrier and likewise the loading s])ring cover may be removed, as the screws holding these are on the right side of the ac-
tion.
TO TAKE Al'AKT THE BREECH BOLT. Drive out the extractor can then be removed. the pin holding the rear part of the firing pin, which can then be removed also drive out the front firing pin pin this ])art of the firing pin, and the firing ])in spring can then be removed. In driving out these pins, drive from the bottom of the breech bolt. In driving in, drive from the top. TO ASSEMBLE THE AKM. Slide If the loading spring cover and carrier block are out, })ut these in first. in the locking bolt, put on the trigger plate and screw in the trigger plate Slide in the screw. Replace the hammer and screw in the hammer screw. breech bolt about two-thirds of the way and put in the lever, being careful to see that it fits uj) into the breech bolt. Screw in the lever screw. Swing the main sj)ring into position and replace the butt stock. TO KEMOVE THE MAGAZINE. It is necessary merely to takeout the magazine tube stud screw and the two forearm tip screws. The entire magazine, forearm tip and forearm can then
Drive out the extractor pin
; ;
be removed. The Marlin repeater, model 1893 is exactly the same in principle as the model 1894, being merel}' the same action adapted to the larger cartridges. The model 1893 was devised from the model 1889. Several important improvements were introduced which were found to be so thoroughly advantageous, that they were in turn incorporated into the model 1889, which in consequence became the model 1894. The description of the action of the model 1894 api)lies equally well to the model 1893, as the two actions are identical except in size of parts. This model was originally made to take the well known and ])0])ular cartridges, 32-40-16.") and 38-55-255. These cartridges as regards accuracy occupy a commanding position. They are probably
the best all-round cartridges for hunting and target purposes.
The
Makei.n
Fire Arms Company originated these two cartridges and their experience in making fine Ballard target rifles for these cartridges justifies us in claiming that tiiis r^peater is unsurpassed in accuracy by any repeating arm made. Tlie })arrels are exactly the same as tluxse used by them in the finest Ballard target rifles. This rifle is also adajjted to take the 25-36 smokeless and the
3()-.'5<)
tremely
smokeless cartridges which have been recently brought out and are exThis j)oj)ular, as well as valuable cartridges for hunting purposes.
227
like those of all the other models, can be used as a single breech-loader with the greatest facility. In so using it, the cartridge is dropi)ed into the receiver, ahead of the breech bolt when the action is oi)en, and then when the breech bolt is closed, the gun is loaded and ready for flring. It can be so used with great rapidity. In case it is desired to hold the magazine in reserve, while constantly shooting, it is merely necessary to load cartridges into the magazine through the side loading spring cover, as fast as one is chambered.
Since the action is the same for all four of these cartridges, (the barrel alone being different,) a take down rifle can be obtained, and with extra barrel parts, there will be five rifles using cartridges varying from 25 to 38 caliber
any one
of these barrels
can be
fitted
if
a change
varying in length from to the standard cartridge as a maximum. Consequently cartridges with shorter bullets, w-hether so loaded to reduce the charge for short range work, or cartridges in which the bullets have settled down through various causes, will work through the action perfectly, and
the
The action
of this
model
empty
shell
as a
minimum up
with round balls inserted below the muzzle of the shell can be used. Using the rifle as a single shot, cartridges larger than standard size may be used. The rifle using the 25-36 cartridge permits a very extensive choice in loads, giving an arm which will take a cartridge varying from the light squirrel load, up to the cartridge with its charge of high pressure smokeless powder
likewise shells loaded
bullet.
25-36-117
Marlin, loaded with 24 grains of Du Pout's 30 caliber smokeless powder and a metal patched bullet with a soft lead point, 117 grains in weight. The veloc-
The penetration as measured in dry 20 feet from the muzzle of the rifle, is eleven arid one-half boards. Penetration is not sought, because the bullet is made with a soft lead point to mushroom. This is an exceedingly accurate cartridge and does fine work at a considerable range. It is an especially valuable cartridge in hunting, owing to the
ity of the bullet is feet per second.
2000
pine
in thickness, placed
228
fact that
flat trajectory
is
the necessity of
making
with
its
removed.
For
instance,
high velocity it traverses 600 yards in a second, and it can be readily observed that it is not necessary to hold far ahead of running game, in order to bring it down, even if the game is at a considerable distance. Naturally the flat trajectory is of great assistance in case there should be an error in estimating distance for an error of 100 yards is not likely to prove very disastrous with this cartridge, while a much greater error can be made without missing the
;
game.
It is
an
extremely
shooting geese, wild duck, etc., at long ranges. Figure 7, shows a target of 10 shots at 200 yards with a Marlin, model 1893, using the 25-36-117 smokeless U. M. C. cartridge. Target two-thirds of actual size. The Marlin repeater, model 1895 is identical in system with the models 1893 and 1894, being merely the same rifle adapted to the larger cartridges. Consequently there is no need of explanation as to system, strength and simpliThe writer has no hesitation in claiming that this is the strongest and city. safest rifle on the market for these large caliber cartridges, and shoots safely
and
powder
the various smokeless powder cartridges made in these calibers. The rifles are made to the same sizes and guages as the old Ballard and model 1881 barrels. The rifling is deep and clean, which not only adds to the life of a bar-
-a
FIGURE
rel but also renders
it
8.
for hunting purposes. This model can be furnished in all the various styles, that is, with all lengths of barrel up to 32 inches; short, half or full magazine; straight and pistol grip regular and take down. It is of su])erior flnish and perfect balance. The barrels are
;
all
gracefully tapered, being large at the breech, thus giving extra strength
where it is needed. The standard rifle with 26 inch barrel and full magazine, weighs but 8% pounds, an exceedingly light rifle for these cartridges. This model can be procured in take down form, Figure 8, in all of the usual styles, viz round, octagon, or half octagon barrel any length up to 32 inches full,
: ; ;
or short magazine; straight or pistol grip. All the calibers of this model, viz: the .38-56, .40-65, .40-70, .40-82, .45-70 and .45-90 have exactly the same action; thus, we can have, by })rocuring extra barrel parts, as many as six take down rifles on one action. All of
half,
229
so with a smooth bore these cartridges can be procured loaded with shot, can do very good shootbarrel part, which will interchange on the rifle, we shot gun as extra baggage. ing at close range, and sometimes save carrying a
FIGURE
lO.
This takedown repeater is furnished in models 1893 and 1894 also. Figure 9, shows the forward end of the receiver when the rifle is apart. Figure 10, shows the breech end of the barrel and magazine when the rifle is apart. The union of the barrel portion to the frame in a Marlin take down contains exactly the same amount of metal, with exactly the same distribution, as in a rigid repeater. Consequently it must be just as strong. A simple and
%f'i
close
wear prevents the joint from becoming loose or shaky The cam lever is arranged to take up any union between fh( barrel and frame. When the barrel
230
is
frame the cam lever is then pushed in to make the connecbe tion tio:ht. When tlie cam is pushed in tightly, a certain space is left to taken up gradually if there should be any wear. Some sportsmen like the proscrewed into
this case the
cut off so as to make the rifle flush at this point. In down with the screw so as to be snug and remain just solid. at the point up to where the cam has to be pushed to make the union apart, gun the taking when cam the touching of necessity the obviates This adjusted in this as the barrel can be unscrewed and screwed up with the cam
cam
set
cam
is
way.
All
Marlin
rifles
graduated peep sight. Figure 12, range peep sight. Lyman peep sights for Marlin rifles have the following disB. Ballard, models 1891 tinguishing marks on the under side of the base. H. models 1891, 1892 and 1894; 1889 1888, models E. caliber: 32 and 1892, and 189?', 22 caliber; J. models 1893 and 1895; M. model 1881. The Marlin Combination Receiver Sight, shown in Figure 13, gives the greatest possible distance between the front and rear sights without in
Figure 11, shows the Marlin improved shows the Marlin improved vernier mid-
Figure
13.
any way interfering with the grip of the right hand. It allows free and unobstructed manipulation of the hammer. With it there is no danger of injuring the shooters eye by recoil or hasty throwing of the rifle to the siioulder. It has a folding leaf and may be used a peep or open sight.
This sight
receivers.
is
rilies
having
flat
top
The Marlin take down repeating shot gun is the result of an effort to produce a medium lightweight shot gun that should combine the elegance of outfinish of the line, perfection of balance, ease of taking apart, and quality of best double guns with the superiority in sighting and shooting of the single barrel, and also i)ossessing the rapidity of fire and magazine capacity of
American repeating rifles. The standard gun is tAvelve-guage, chambered for '2% 2% inch shell, and the action handles any twelve-guage shell not exceeiling is powder, smokeless for bored long, inches 30 barrel, The inches in length. full-choked. The material of the barrel is a very high grade steel, and all barrels arei)rove(l in the rough by firing excessive charges in them. They are then, each
231
The full-choked barrels are required to target better than 325 pellets in a 40 yards, using 1% oz. number 8 shot. After the barrels tliese tests they are finished on the outside and go to the assempassed have bling room. When the guns are assembled complete and have passed through a thorough shop inspection they go again to the proof house and the finished gun is proved with special heavy loads. Each gun is then fired from 6 to 10 times with standard factory loaded shells, assorted, and if no fault can then be detected by the final inspection, they are ready for shipment. The standard weight is about 7 pounds, for so simple and compact is the action that they can use a heavy barrel and still get this moderately light weight while
30-inch circle at
making the action extra strong. In the action it is at once noticed that the makers adopt the solid top frame and side ejecting principle that has been used so successfully in rifles for the past ten years. This solid top acts both ways, protecting the head of the shooter from the exploding cartridge and the ejected shell, while at the same time protecting the action of the gun from
rain,
snow and
all
foreign substances.
The breech bolt of this gun, when closed, fills the opening in the frame completely, adding to the neat and pleasing appearance of the arm greatly, as well as being of immense service in keeping out sand, dirt, twigs, pine-needles, etc., all of which would tend to make the action work hard and might sometimes disable
it
entirely.
frame for its full length is milled a solid rib slightly hollowed and neatly matted, adding an attractive feature and assisting greatly in taking quick aim. The frame has a blued finish. The stock has all the style and shapeliness for which Marlin Arms are famous. The regular length is 1S% All guns inches, with 1^ inches drop at comb and 2^ inches drop at heel. have pistol grips, small and oval in shape. Butt plates are rubber, extra thick and special quality for strength. They are strongly cross lined on sur-
On top
of the
that they hold firmly on the shoulder with no tendency to slip. The gun has a wonderful buoyancy and balance that must be felt to be appreciated. That dead-weight, clubby feeling believed by some to be inseparable from a repeater is entirely absent. The magazine is loaded by passing the cartridges directly into it under the carrier with the action closed. This may be conveniently done with the gun up-side down. The capacity of the arm is six shots, one in the chamber and five in the magazine. To take down a trombone action three parts must be disconnected: the action bar, the magazine and the barrel. These operations are performed in the Marlin shot gun with the action closed, as follows First. To disconnect the action bar, move the fore end and bar to the rear a slight fraction of an inch until the small notch on inside of bar is opposite the action bar stop, then tip over the stop from the notch in the barrel to the
face so
232
notch in the action bar, when the handle, bar and bar stop can be drawn
ward
Second. To disconnect the magazine, press in the catch at the front end of the magazine tube with the left-hand thumb, at the same time revolve the magazine and then draw the magazine tube straight forward until the
tube and follower are clear of the frame, and catch snaps into hole. Third. To disconnect the barrel, unscrew by turning from left to right. The thread on the barrel is left-handed. To put together, screw in the barrel. Press in catch and draw back toward the frame the magazine tube until catch snaps into hole: be sure action is locked by pressing upward on front end of locking bolt with fingers inserted througli opening on bottom of frame; draw back forearm slowly until action bar stop is op])osite notch in barrel; rotate action bar stop from notch in
action bar to notch in barrel and the action bar connection is complete. The lock nut on the breech end of the barrel is provided to take up any wear, and by means of this adjustment the barrel can always be made tight and the
take
It
is
dowm mechanism
is
practically
a movable shoulder on the barrel against wdiich the frame abuts. cut through on one side and provided with a clamp screw Avhicli tight-
ens
it onto the barrel, preventing its turning. If the barrel is ever loose or the union the least bit shaky, unscrew this clamp screws two or three turns or until the check nut is free to turn on the barrel. Then turn the check nut to the right a trifle or until the action is perfectly rigid, when the clamp screwshould be tightened to hold the check nut firmly from turning on the barrel wdien the gun is taken apart. Notice that in this take down the rear end of the magazine tube, wiiich is only a thin shell, is not cut into or cut away or weakened in any manner. The magazine tube in a Marlin take down is just as strong as in a solid gun. Notice also that the thread on the rear end of the barrel which holds the barrel portion to the action is not cut into or cut awa}^ but this most important thread is left complete and perfect, so that
much metnl in tlie union and exactly the same distribution of metal in a Marlin tnlie down as in a solid gun. A large square thread is used not liable to become jammed or crossed, and adjustment for wear and to take up all shake is a sim])le check nut, an elementary mechanical device that does the w^ork perfectly and cannot get out of order. Many people will appreciate a gun that can be taken apart by a man who is not an expert. Taking out one screw allows the entire breech mechanism to be removed from the frame in this gun. TO TAKK APART. With the action ojten take out the carrier screw then, holding the gun in the ordinary position, move the forearm forward slowly about an inch and the carrier will droj) out through the o])ening in the bottom of the fi'anie. The breech bolt containing thelocking bolt can then be drawn out to the rear.
there is just as
this
;
233
the forearm and action bar forward clear of the frame, disconnecting the action bar as when taking down insert the breech bolt in its proper To close locking bolt press channel, sliding forward to its closed position. upward on its Iron t end bj inserting the lingers through the opening in tlw
;
Draw
carrier
bottom of frame. Then connect action bar as after taking down. To put in open the action half way; insert carrier through opening in bottom
FIGURE
14.
groove or cam
that operates
on to the pin
in locking bolt
that it shall not slip off from this pin, move carrier and breech bolt back slowly until the screw-hole in carrier comes opposite the screw-hole in frame,
when the carrier screw can be replaced. The breech mechanism consists of a large and long breech bolt, a straight locking bolt lying inside of said breech bolt, and pivoted near its center, so vhat its ends move through an arc of a vertical circle and each end travels
about half an
locking bolt
the action is open. Figure 14, the rear end of the the breech bolt. The Marlin 16 gauge repeater, shown in Figure 15, is built upon very graceful lines, and has a special rolled steel barrel with a tensile strength The barrels are specially of about 66,000 pounds to the square inch. bored for smokeless or black powders, and are proved with excessive
inch.
When
is
up within
Figure
15.
loads.
in the 6 1-8
The capacity of the magazine is five shells, with one additional chamber. The weight of' the gun, with 26 or 28 inch barrel, is or 6 1-4 pounds.
234
This
rifling.
This excel-
The grooves
rifle
is
are 7 in
number and
departures
are
The
fabrication of this
involves
many
The
barrel
made
The
bars being
1-2 inch.
The
barrel bar is
rolling-niill,
which consists
when
it
is
drawn out
and
solid.
in
full
The
where they revolve with a speed of 300 revolutions per minute, the holes already
made
at
set
of three
drills
used
in this operation.
and
method was
tried
and adopted
this
was found
to be a
most
difficult task.
The
This
is
cutting
away
the metal.
run
in half
it
taken out
is
drilled in
out.
The second
drill
or half-round
bit is
inch
is
the hole,
cleared
The
barrel
is
then again
already
vv-ashed out
made use
of.
drill,
away
the center perfectly true with the axis of rotation, ready for the "core"'
If this
system
is
is
possible to drill a hole three or four feet deep with an error of less than
0.005 inch.
The next
means of
operation
is
to support
it.
is
running sulphur
this
means the
The
barrel
is
placed vertically,
when two
jtourcd in
iilugs.
tlie
and
it
ween
235
and bush.
rifling is
This gives a bearing for the outside perfectly true with the bore.
The
rifling
required.
This
into a
groove cut
in a
in length
and
It is
cutter box, the other end of the rod being coupled into the spindle of the head-
On
the spindle
is
same
saddle.
The end
of the rack
set at
fitted to slide
backwaid and
box
to the
amount of
spiral required.
is
fed
up by a screw tapped
into the
to
which a rod
spiral
is
attached, which
is
groove
hand wheel
slides,
An
index
is
The
in
barrel
is
fixed in a
The
uniform twist of
a half turns
in the length
A particular
"rim wheel,"
is
employed for
finish-
better finished.
For
this
it
drifted to
its
true size.
By
held in a fixing attached to a vertical axis ,and both edges with cap attached can
it
perfectly true,
and
done
grinding the edges of the leaf and cap parallel to each other.
in the
The
sides are
same manner.
Rifle.
MAUSER
This rragazine
rifle
RIFLE.
In the 1893
It is
magazine.
a very
when
pulled
By means
of the maga-
zine spring, a
into the barrel
new
cartridge
is
The magazine
is
loaded by means
of the cartridge
clip.
To
load the arm, open the breech, place the cartridge clip
;
and cartridges
magazine
in
Remove
the
236
clip, close
f.
rifle is
The muzzle
is
velocity
is
2.000
s. the
7 millimeters, or .276.
The Mauser
also the
arm
of Argen-
MAYNARD
This
rifle
RIFLE.
in the
was popular
fire.
for
some time
is
its
great accuracy of
The
barrel
up
arm was
that
it
employed
strips of
pellets
of fulminating powder
this
between narrow
paper
was
coiled in a
chamber
hammer
at
each discharge.
These
rifles
were employed to a
civil
war.
They
made
One
Maynard system
is,
that
it
admits of
caliber.
:
The manner
of attaching the
axis-
pin
in place, then
withdraw
as far as possible; hold the barrel in the left hand, pass the lever
down through
end, insert the lever axis-pin through the lever, then turn
arm back
to its fas-
tening position.
No
screw-driver required.
To
This
is a capital
gun
in the field,
and
especially
country,
when
it
may
or shot gun.
is
The ammunition
The strong
for the
times.
powder and
lead,
and may be used over and over again for any number of
One
can carry cartridges in his pocket, loaded with different sizes of shot,
fire
and
slip in
and
any
size
The
rifle in itself is
simple device,
used.
known
as the
Had ley
firiiii:;
A'",
may
also be
The
screws, in which
and
is
To
use
is
and
237
has the
It
has been
much
and
in
view of
its
several novel
me-
MEIGS GUN.
This gun was one of the
tridges.
like
first
Some
of
its
patterns carried as
many
This system,
many
MERRILL GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
which
by direct
action.
It is
back to
its its
full
is
head
engaging with a
it is
passes over
hammer and
movement
presses
it
The
piece
is
closed by reversing
of the bolt.
is
In turning
down
sectional collar
this is
on the
groove
When
spiral recess
and
is
free to
(by means of a
center-lock
moved by
a double mainspring).
;
Extraction
accomplished by a
bolt,
and
in
the
down
upon the
there for
until
it is
and
is
& Company,
has become a
and
now manufactured by
the Hopkins
&
Allen
Arms Company,
for
superiority:
Compactness,
symmetrical, easy outline, and general neat appearance; no salient points to prevent
its
In han-
hand;
all
and
238
The
circular
hammer must
;
first
be set at
half-cock.
The
therefrom or injured.
ratchet
The
from fouling by escape of gas about the primer when using outside
primed ammunition.
The
and prevent
rotation.
The
cylin-
der and barrel can be dismounted from the frame and re-assembled thereto with-
mrwn^gm
out the use of screw-driver or any
ile,
tool.
The
construction
is
is
endurance.
on the
base-pin.
is
downward
as no top strap
The
movement of
;
cylinder
when pressed by
tating
barrel
permits a close joint without friction, reducing the esnot forced backward on firing, but
is
cape of gas
the cylinder
is
held forward by
lines of recoil
The
inclination of barrel
when
The following
To
To
load.
arm
downward and
insert
the cartridges.
eject the shells.
out.
To
take the
arm
\i\n
apart.
in
When
the barrel
the Ixirrel-catch even with the frame, then press the catch
down and draw forward. The patent folding hammer on double action There is no hammer to catch when inserting
239
is
fired,
the
hammer
returns
automatically to
striking
place,
closed.
by the
folding
hammer
system.
MILBANK GUN.
This breech-loading small-arm, has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breechblock, which slides in the line of the barrel by direct action. The piece is opened
by raising the handle of the breech-bolt from its recoil-bearing in the receiver, and then drawing back the bolt. It is closed by reversing the action of the bolt
the hammer-bolt
spiral
striking
a sear-bolt in closing,
its its
rear portion.
when
the piece
is
closed.
The
piece
fired
by the action of a
is
spiral
main-
The hammer-bolt
fully
when
its
the handle
is
up, passes
through the
of the bolt.
firing-pin
and keeps
it
When
the breech
is
it
is
drawn back by an
passes, and
it
firing-pin
through which
The
when
cocked.
Extraction
is
recoil-block near
face.
Ejection
is
and pressing
The
shell
is
is
held and
thrown
safety-lever
is
connected with
this
arm
and serves
The
accidental
may
;
way and
down
its
stop-pin
recoil-block,
MILES GUN.
This magazine gun has a tubular, under-barrel magazine, holding nine cartridges and is provided with a cut-oft". It has been tested with satisfaction, but has
not been manufactured or used to any great extent.
240
field rifle.
The
original receiver
it.
and breech-pin
rear part
filled
The upper
of the receiver gives the bearing for the cam, while the space ordinarilv
the breech-pin
is utilized
by
from
its
The
ejector-stud
is
may
its
slip easily
over
it
into
the chamber.
The magazine,
whole length.
To
the
is
a lug, beveled on
rear service
all
in the
ratchet
works
magazine tube.
is
It is
guard-plate.
When
the slide
drawn back
On
way
the
At the
is
a cartridge-stop, held
The
stop
is
When
since
move
stop
the
first
cartridge,
which
is
gun being
When
first,
the ratchet
is
moved forward
The
ratchet
is
prevented from entering the tube by two pins which bear against the outer surface
of the tube along the edges of the
spring, which
is is
slot.
ofif
It is
two
forks.
The magazine
locked.
projection on the
when
the piece
it,
As
viz
cocked, opened, loaded (by operating the ratchet by the slide), closed,
fired.
The
not
is
The
magazine, however,
until forced
down by
others
when
the magazine
reloaded.
MORGENSTERN GUN.
rifle
This breech-loading
barrel, lying
in front.
is
on
its
main-
241
The
breech-block
may
then be thrown
until
it
is
bearing
on the extractor so
versing the
ing-bolt
through
it,
The
piece
is
closed by refir-
movement of
fired
The
piece
firing-bolt
being released
by the action of the trigger within the receiver upon the sear within the block.
Extraction
is
above
its
the extractor by the action of the ejector spring on the ejector-spindle, when, by the
The
ejector-spring
is
com-
axis, car-
rying the emptv cartridge against the beveled shoulders of the receiver, by which
it is
deflected
MUIR-MONTSTORM RIFLE.
This breech-loading small arm has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breechblock,
at
90 degrees
thumb-piece.
The breech-block
of this
is
arm
is
moved by an
on
which
motion of
clear of a
upper surface
hook or jaw formed on the under side of a projection of the frame overhanging
the
mouth of
the chamber.
By continuing
is
fully
hammer
at the
By
is
reversing the
movement
The breech-block
back.
Extraction and ejection are accomplished by a sliding extractor in the lower side
of the barrel.
Its
under side
as the
is
is
piv-
oted on the
same pin
hammer.
are struck by corresponding prongs on the lower side of the block, in opening the
piece.
MULLINS GUN.
This magazine gun has no
cut-ofif.
The magazine
;
is
it
will contain
more, but
if
they are
242
made on
the
American interchangeable
hammerless gun
plan,
at a
and
low
is
demand
action,
cost.
taken
The
is
frame, or
long and
made
in
one
piece.
mechanism
contained in
cli-
making the
action of the
gun
positive in all
mates.
The
away with
hammers hanging
hammers and
is
the firing pins are withdrawn from the primers, thus rendering the opening of the
gun
The
automatic
and
positive in
its
action.
fiat
The
matted extenison
can be taken
oflf
without cocking the gun, by simply pressing the small cam on the imder side of action.
The
lug,
when
thus adding
the
many
To open
far
cam
at the
will go,
cam
To
take the barrels off the action, do as described above, and the haniniers will
remain down.
To
let
the
up, push the safety forward, pull both the triggers and close the gun.
To
one
upper screw
side,
in the butt-plate,
then remove the screw rod whicli runs lengthwise through the stock
it,
cliea])
but good,
Co.'s
known
"New
Arms
Guns, "etc.,
may
be procured from
Wm.
243
test in the
for
hard and
home and
foreign manufac-
This gun
is
demand that
struction, excellence of
qualities,
and capacity
The The
and being
even when
little dirt is
in the way.
end
any
cut
which prevents the springing of the breech from the barrels, and
This fastener has
its
sides
upon
its
the arc of a circle, with the hinge joint as a center, which gives a perfect bearing
entire surface
of
along
only,
when
the
gun
is
closed.
fit
on the top
and are
no benefit as a
fastener,
slightly
opened there
Figure
1.
is
no contact along
its
surface,
whereas
this fastener
men to
use heavy charges, the hinge pin must be removed from the breech a greater dis-
The
which, although
it
gun and
and
distribution of materials,
greatest.
A great
variety of weights
and
sizes are
them
will
of proportion, beauty
of outline
is
and perfection
of balance for
which
gun
is
so justly celebrated,
and which
and touch
is
a distinctively
the advantage of
244
of
which are
made
to gauge,
fit
accurately,
The
different
parts are
made by
special machinery,
no deis
can find
its
way
The number
of parts
so simple that
Figure
2.
tool
but a screw-driver, can take his gun apart for cleaning or repairs.
will
No
breech loader
subjected.
The
made by any
one,
safe
one or
all of
of the gun.
cast steel
and wrought
is
its
construction.
The
which
all
breech loaders are subjected to when the barrels are forced down against a
Figure
3.
The
all
made
of the
and by
skilled
workmen.
of the
Figure
245
This piece
6,
8 to the rear.
is
being pivoted at the lop withdraws the bolt 17 from the mortise which
barrels,
is
It will
be observed
when
the bolt 17
back
to the position as
shown
in
Figure
3,
is drilled in
comes
which by the
assis-
made
and thereby
holds
it
in position.
is
when
the gun
closed.
By means
/j
not only to
withdraw the
\)o\\.from,
but to force
forward
into
6.
When
the
gun
is
closed, as
shown
of a circle, with the hinge joint 13 as a center, have a bearing along their entire surface,
rib
fits
securely into
its
seat 24 in frame.
When the
to place for firing, the bottom of the lug 6 strikes the trip 21, withdrawing
17,
in the lug 6
Figure
The
tap er bolt
7 loc ks
it
gun gives
little
(which
is
when open)
to
locking.
Many
when
gun
closes
there
is
little
dirt
in the way.
When
the
gun
is
comes
in contact
on the
The automatic
in
lifter
action
and hammerless,
shown
Figure
4.
This draws the shells or cartridges from the barrels during the operation of
The
extractor 14
is
its
Figure
4.
and extended
into
of the
as shown in Figure 4 (which represents an end view of the breech of the barrels).
the
tion
When
gun
is
closed the extractor 14 extends from the rear end of the barrels to the projecjoint 13,
on the
which remains
stationary,
when they
them
far
shown
in
Fgure
enough
to
coming
the frame are forced into the chambers of the barrels, and the gun
ready for
firing.
246
Thus
it
is
accomplished auto-
matkaUy and hv a positive motion, and in the most convenient and expeditious
possible.
manner
Figure
lifter
action, the
gun being
closed.
first
premium grand
Figure
5.
all
They
self-acting snap pin, the fore end lock, solid-head plungers, rebounding locks, and patent
Fi^re
action,
which
is
The
locking bolt
is
gun
is
open, doing away with the wear on the hinge joint, which
breech-loaders are
subjected to
bolt.
when
down
in front of the
guard
2, raises
the
lifter 3.
and
its
wedge
to
draw the
bolt 5 from
247
shown
in
which
is
6,
barrels, as
Figure
5 is
6,
back
shown
in Figure 6, the
drilled in the
under side of
spiral spring
said bolt
8, is
I
comes
made
solid
it
in position.
The
finger-piece
is
and a part
of
lifter
3.
The
it
is positive,
not only to
6.
forward
For the
and removing
will allow the
end
down on
trip 7,
which
to
The
im-
proved
lifter
action,
is
shown
in
Figures
The
op-
Figure
7.
Figure
8.
Figure
all
9.
is
fire-arms using
is
it
safe
from
liability of
When
the
gun
the
hammer
and
is
it
in the usual
manner
until
its
plate
stops.
The hammer, by
point
force
shown
back to
is
many
reits
one of which
is
in this
gun, establishes
it
superiority over
quick, effective
will
differs
from
ad-
simultaneously.
The
two
fold.
First,
248
as used on
to
all
Second, the
common
one
is
fault of
one hammer
failing
come
to full
cock at exact
at precisely the
same
is
instant.
The
cock.
is
The
action frame
long, insuring
much greater
Figure
10.
commonly
nose of the
firing.
used.
annoyance of the
hammer hanging
It is simple, effective
and durable.
The
is
a neat
and
simple device to stop or check the downward motion of the barrels in opening the gun to load and requires no extra tools to dismount the barrels. The barrels of this gun can be
at all times,
to the
to the
solid iron
work
all
(instead
gun in of portions being attached to the wood), thus rendering the action of the
positive
climates
and not
liable to
on the wood.
For safety
this
gun
is
light-
Figure
ly let
11.
down
to rest
on loaded
is
shells;
an operation that
is
very dangerous.
The
safet)^
When
as
if
desiring to
hammers down
Especial attention
barrel, a sectional
called to the patent fore-end lock for fastening the fore-piece to the
is
view of which
itself.
shown
in
Figure ii.
Its neat
venience
commends
249
hammerless shotguns.
oted in box, extending through the fore-end iron, striking end of extractor rod
when
released by sears
springs, placed in a
to stand
and impossible
to jar off,
which
is
The
ejector
hammers
extractor rods, and firmly set by the sears, which extend through the fore-end iron
to the ejector sear trips in the
The
ejector
The frame of
or
the
to
hammer
in
which are extended from the frame of the gun, when the gun has been
box
to be disengaged
from
is
opened
at the
sets the
mechanism
is
The
done
minimum
friction,
and the ejectors cannot move back and forth when the
fired,
gun
is
so that
it
is
hardly
gun
is
being handled.
PEABODY RIFLE.
This
rifle,
invented by Mr.
Henry O. Peabody,
of Boston, Mass.,
is
the parent
rifles.
The
original
Peabody was
very
much
like the
firing-pm
was placed
The type of
is
more symmetrical
the
this
bullet,
The range
employed
their
of
at
arm
w^as so
much
it
rifle
the
Russian
250
adversaries.
AMERICAN
forcibly the great
S xM
ALL
ARMS
pi firearms whicn shows
really
in the history
more
first class
powerful
rifle
more than
rifle,
and
it
General Todleben,
ish bullets
which
fell
among
still
2,000 yards
away from
was such
that divisions,
which
at the outset
upon Loftcha,
from thand
bullets,
men were
falling rapidly
on
it
all
sides:
who was
sians
when
received
"baptism of
fire." at
began to suffer
loss
men
much
See
Martini-Henry
Rifle
and Peabody-Martini
Rifle.
PEABODY-MARTINI RIFLE.
This
rifle
is
a combination of the
and the
latter
cartridge.
This
rifle
competition with
test of actual
all
of the world.
It
endured the
test
between Russia and Turkey, and obtained the highest reputation for
The
field,
and the
parts
letters
of
army correspondents,
sys-
The
combine the greatest possible strength with simplicity of construction, and the
tem, in
rifle
its
present perfection,
all
is
meeting
form
is
compact and
symmetry of
its
lines is
projections, whicli Ix'sides being ofl'ensive to the eye. are often ])rejudicial to the
in the
its
necessary manii)u-
No movement
willi ihe
of the
is
liarrtl,
connected
l)]()cl<,
re(|uired in the
performance of any of
its
operations.
in the
251
is
durability of the
rifle,
which
equal, in these
is
made
from the
stock.
The
block
itself
is
and when
is
so firmly secured as to
ensure
it
its
shown
which
The
when
drawn down
for load-
ing,
barrel, barrel,
in its
slides
it
easily
into the
is
properly inserted.
The adoption
spring,
stances,
is
common
gun-lock main-
where the
worked
as usual.
Had
such mishaps
occurred to the old gun-lock mainsprings, the arm would have been rendered useless.
of this
rifle
The system
of
rifling
that
known
in
England
as the
Henry.
the English
Arms Commisresults,
upon
this
both
The manipulations
insert the cartridge
for loading
Throw down
hand
thumb
of the right
its
place,
which
proper position
when
ready for
firing.
After
firing,
empty cartridge
shell is
eft'ected
lever,
which
This
throws
it
lowered.
itself,
and cannot
is
become deranged, as
action
is
of such
252
to
which
can be subjected.
If
it
is
reloading, throw
down
movement, and
it
is
drawn
PHOENIX RIFLE.
This breech-loading
rifle
Company.
it
it,
is
very simple of construction, and perfectly strong, safe and durable, while the
ease of manipulation in opening and closing the breech, and extracting the shell
less parts
to render
them
as strong
and safe as
in form.
can be made.
They have
PITCHER GUN.
The mechanism
The
receiver
is in
in this
magazine arm
is
operated by a cover
slide,
connected
with a handle which has a direct forward and back motion only without rotation.
is fitted,
the latter admitting of a sliding motion, while the rear end of the bolt has in addition a vertical motion to lock
vertically
and unlock.
For
this
purpose a mortise
its
is is
formed
grooved
upper half
The mortise
pose of a receptacle for the magazine case and a shoulder to sustain the bolt under
discharge.
the
Two
slide,
latches, pivoted
cover
piece.
conjunction
with a rounded surface upon the under side of the cover slide closes and locks
the piece.
The magazine
is
is
skeleton in form,
made
end,
of one strip or piece of spring steel with upright guiding rods at the front
of original design,
fully
is
loaded with a
"c\\\^"
holding
developed
will
standard of excellence.
of
in
its
objectionable, because
The magazine,
placed
in the
Winchester,
is
seriously in the way, and also detracts greatly from the sym-
253
These guns, noted for accuracy and ornamental appearance, are made as a
TT
shot,
The
full
i, is
40 inches, weighs
rifle it is
7^
As
a cartridge
Figure
as
i.
It is
equally as perfect
as an air gun,
feet,
and
will shoot
a steel
All the parts are extra heavy and constructed of best material to
It is
air
gun
The Safety
43^ pounds.
ridges.
It
cartridge
rifle,
Figure
has a
full
The
caliber
is .22
for regular
"B B"
and long
rifle
cart-
has a
its
stock
so fastened
two may be
easily
handy
to carry.
rifle
weir
is
about 4 pounds.
The
Fig-
Figure 2
ure
2.
It
has a
steel,
and shoulder
rest,
which can
The form
of the shoulder
in
which
it is
easily.
254
The mechanism,
hammei
which
is
cocking levers, triggers, main and sear springs. In opening the gun, the fore-end engage >
hammers
to full cock,
when
The
gun can be taken apart or put together with one or both hammers cocked
This obviates trouble or the use of special tools
of
in assembling,
or uncocked.
and does
in
some
j
down
down
the gun,
pushing forward the safety slide and closing the action as the triggers are pulled.
cocking mechanism
is
The
Fieure
3.
locked automatically.
To open
being
this retracts
throws the safety plunger into position, thereby locking the triggeis securely.
jxjsitive,
This action
The
sports-
255
gun without
which
will,
The automatic
springs,
composed of hammer,
and
is
operated
when
gun
is
fired
lifting the
hammer
it
notch.
nearly opened,
Figure
3.
joint check
it
hammer
being
notch.
Then
EE
shown
in
Figure
2,
are
made
in 16, 12,
weight from
6^
to 10 pounds,
and
in
about 30 grades.
Figure
4.
a favorite style,
made
in 16, 12,
28. 30,
in length,
6^
256
to 1034 pounds.
made
in
7 different grades.
is
shown
in
Figure
4.
It is
made
in 10.
20, 24, and 28 gauge, with barrels 28, 30, 32, and 34 inches
5->4 to 6^' pounds.
in length,
and
weighing from
lar low-priced
It is
choke-bored and
is
Figure
5.
rifle, in
is
shown
in
Figure
5.
It
a light weight
rifle,
furnished with open front and sear sights and a tang peep
sear.
The weight
of this
arm
is
inches.
rifle,
in
take-down
style,
made
in .22
and
.32 caliber,
is
shown
Figure
6.
It
has a weight of about 4>4 pounds and the barrel varies in length
from 22>4
to
24 inches.
Figure
6.
The No.
2 Model
rifle,
is
made
in .22 to
rifle,
shown
in
one of the
latest
models, and
is
style.
design and
It is fitted
is
and sporting
rifles.
with especial
Lvman peep
made
with a view of obtaining the utmost accuracy under the most scientific conIt is
ditions.
rifle.
It is
made
weighs
5 to C)yl
5
2().
or
2S<
inches in length.
It
The No,
Model
has
made
in calibers
267
This arm weighs
from 7
to 7/4
24, 26, or
28 inches
in length.
Figure
7.
target
rifle,
No.
3,
shown
in
Figure
8, is especially
designed for
It
long range hunting and target purposes, requiring the use of heavy charges.
has a solid breech block, with direct rear support, convenient side lever action and
rebounding hammer, so that the arm always stands with the trigger
notch, rendering premature discharge impossible.
styles of straight shells, as well as other
It
is
in the safety
chambered
for the
new
This
popular
sizes,
and,
making
a flatter tra-
jectory than
Model
is
Figure
8.
barrels
from 26 to 30 inches
in length.
It is also
made with
The No,
gained
Match
rifle,
the
Model
"
" of
which
is
shown
in
Figure
9,
its
has
exin
much
also
made
to
vernier,
spirit level.
The Schuetzen
No, 3
rifle,
shown
in
Figure
10, is a
modification of the
combined trigger
This
rifle
is
a perfect
arm
It
and
is
made
from
258
shown
in
Figure
ii,
was designed
magazine
to
em-
bolt system
rifle.
The
Figure
9.
enormous
by
this
rifle,
to
sportsmen
(a)
By
mechanism becomes
Figure
10.
dition
from premature discharge and the impossibility of accidentally opening the gun makes it particularly desirable for carrying on horseback or on
its
safety
the
trail.
rifle
is
(b) Each
which
twenty shots
in
an incredibly short
Figure
11.
(c)
By
in
magazine and
exjilo-
contents can
instantly
removed
premature
worked out by the sion. which fre(iuently occurs where the cartridges have to be
manipulation of the action.
259
made
and
is
236
The weight varies from 6^ to 8/2 pounds. to .40. The Remington-Lee small bore magazine rifle, a sectional view of which
Figure
12, the
is
shown
in
known
rifle,
bolt type,
its
simplicity, durability,
The
celebrated Lee
in
use by the
less
Navy Department,
modern smokeflat
trajectory
supplied
with four magazines of five cartridges each, which can be placed in the action in
the
in
is
consumed by
Fteure
13.
military
rifle,
shown
in
Figure
13,
has a 20 inch
smokeless
steel
made
barrel total length 49^^ inches and weighs 83^ pounds. caliber Government cartridge shown in Figure 16, the 7/
17, the 7.65
shown
rifle
is
U.
S.
Navy
cartridge
This
also
made up
in a special military
match shooting.
The Remington-Lee
inches
carbine,
shown
in
Figure
14.
7^
pounds.
military
rifle
Great Britain. China, and other countries, has a total length of 52 inches, weighs
260
8^
changed
unequaled rapidity of
sidered.
It
fire
when
con-
has a fewer
is
number
of
Every part
component parts than many other arms made. The rifle weighs 854 pounds without bayonet
or dis-
mounted
second.
in
ten seconds.
is
or detached in one
This
where continuous
Figure
13.
rapidity for
many
shots
is
required.
It
in
many
modern forms
of military guns.
or detached, in the safest possible form, and under the best conditions to resist
wear or deformation
rifle
is
execution as a single
Figure
14.
rifle,
shown
in
Figure
15,
designed for
fire.
was produced
to
of the simple
so
Remington system, with which the armies of South and Central America are
perfectly familiar, and to
whom
a con-
pound.
It
is
261
adapted to the .30 caliber Government, the 7'V.nCahber Mauser, Models Spanish
Mauser
cartridp^es.
Figure
15.
The Remington
shown
Figure
in
Figure 20,
is
the
it
same
in
mechan-
15,
except that
police
mounted
The
arm
36 inches, with a
20 inch
Figures
barrel.
16, 17,
It
and
Figure
16.
Figure
17.
Figure
18.
Figure
19.
The Remington
They extend
auxiliary
rifle
barrels are
now
in place
be inserted into any shotgun and taken out with perfect ease, thus making the most
desirable
rifle.
262
MER
CA
MALL
of
AR
MS
The Remington Spanish Model .43 and Remington system and more than a million
Figure
^old.
20.
This model has a total length of 50 inches and weighs 9^4 pounds.
The
Figure
21.
rifle,
Figure
Tlie
22.
Remington
light "
Baby
5^
Army
revolver.
For
263
The Remington new model target pistol, shown in Figure 21, is designed to meet the demand of pistol experts and shooting galleries for a well-balanced, The breech mechanism combines simplicity, accurate, and firmly adjusted arm.
convenience and durability.
rifled
The
barrel
is
and
finished.
The
finely finished
is
mehanism
of
2M
to 3
pounds.
The arm
derringer,
is
shown
in
Figure 22.
is
now
in the
market, and
reliable.
double shot,
.41 caliber,
rim
fire,
and weighs
11 ounces.
Rifle.
at
90 degrees to the
in front.
The
locks
com-
the tang on
its
lower end, permits the insertion of the cartridges into the cham-
when
the block
is
weak spring-catch
is
block
when
the piece
closed,
ROBERTS GUN.
This
rifle,
closed by a
at
90
degrees to the axis of the barrel, lying above the axis of the barrel and in rear,
being
^.he
moved from
above.
The
piece
is
at
This depresses the forward end of the block so as to expose the chamber.
action of the breech-block spring lying underneath the block
The
re-
from
is
chamber beits
fully closed.
The
closing
place, or automatically
latter
by cocking the
piece.
The back
of the
hammer
piece
is
in
the
case presses against the end of the slot in the tang of the breech-block in
it
which
plays,
and so
The
locked
by the engaging
tang of the
re-
in the
264
descent.
ROBERTSON RIFLE.
This breech-loadin<]^ arm has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breech-block,
at
front
being moved
down by
from below by
a lever.
])ulled
By
and
is
locked by the middle joint of the linked combination rising above the line
joining the other two, and causing the strain upon the block from the discharge to
are accomplished by a small straight lever, swinging on a center below that of the
block and struck by the block, during the opening, near the center of motion.
RUMSEY GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
which
from below.
in
Its
and beneath
ing carriers,
it.
From
to
is
This rod
is
drawn
left
The mechanism
communicating
this
reciprocal motion to the carrier levers consists mainly of an oscillating lever lying between the other two, and its connections in the form of springs, stops, and pins,
its
sides alternately.
many
features of novelty.
The breech-closing
bolt operates
by a handle preferably
arm
applied to the a partial rotation of the bolt in locking and unlocking, the force
handle
locking
is at all is
])arallel
tlie
barrel.
The
In
the bolt, having cam-shaped ends which extend into seats in the receiver.
cam
first
movement
of the
a ])ivotal
movement,
when
a further
265
and
at the
same time
the
backward.
The
its
final clos-
ing
movement has
chamber.
either
Lee gun, or
swinging pusher forces the upper one of the column of cartridges sidewise into
the receiver in front of the
bolt.
RUSSELL-LIVERMORE GUN.
This magazine arm embodies the joint inventions of Major
W.
R. Livermore
and Captain A. H. Russell, United States Army, in improvements in magazines and breech movements. The barrel and breech-bolt are the same as on the LeeSpeed, and the
features
is
arm
is
The
receiver in
all
essential
This case
is
constructed of a sinto
fill
enough cartridges
the
magazine of
this
little
if
to be
The
piece
is
opened
piece,
its
b}'
its
full extent,
and then throwing the breech-block upward and forward by the handle on It is closed by shutting the breech-block, and is locked by the friction of side.
the rear face of the breech-block against the recoil-shoulder on the locking-bolt
guide, against which the longitudinal motion of the hinge-strap slide, to which the
block
is
is
attached, allows
it
It
by the entrance of the locking-bolt into the counter-bore of In drawing back the locking-bolt to the firing-pin hole when the piece is fired. which surrounds it, and riding mainspring open the piece it compresses the spiral
also held in place
is
caught by
it
when
hand
withdrawn.
When
released
in the usual
way
is
it
is
Extraction
its
movement
in opening.
Ejection
is
caused
266
It is the
and best
the
finished
Savage Anns Company to manufacture the most perfect Sucli parts as have been improved in rifie on the marlvct.
it possible,
new model
in
changeable
owners of 1895 models Avhen it is to in-ocure the improved parts and thus change their 1S95 models into the present improved arm, Figure 1. The Savage rifle is a six-shot repeater of The day has passed when sportsmen religiit weight. signedly overload themselves with heavy guns, when every ounce, toward the end of a long tramp, feels like pounds. The projecting hammer is eliminated. The hammer, once the most ornamental part of the gun and the
pride of the gunsmith, has
countless victims.
The
latest
had its day, as well as its and best shot guns and The demand is for a hammerOne
of
The action
the
is
easily
the concentric arm of the finger-lever which operates the working portions of the rifle, and at all times protects the trigger from being
many
valuable features
accidentally operated.
Another point
of superiority is
the operation of the finger-lever, which on its backward movement comi)resses the main spring and cocks the enclosed hammer, thus pressing the rifle to the shoulder and
steadying the aim. The movement of the finger-lever is short, and to operate it requires little power. The magazine is not a tube nor a box, but is circular in form, and is located within the protecting steel walls of the receiver,
giving perfect imnninity from accidents occasioned through the bullet of one cartridge impinging upon the ])rimer of another; this arrangement insures a i)erfect balance of the
arm without
reference to the
number
of the cartridges in
the magazine.
Another important feature of the rifle is the autonmtic cut-off a simple device which retains the magazine cartridges in reserve when the arm is used as a single loader; on omitting to })lace a cartridge in the
breech opening, the autoinntic cut-off allows a cartridge from the magazine to be fed up into the chamber. The
arm
ing
is
a combined
rapid-firing
rifle.
shown in Figure
each adajited
FIGURE
I.
267
to a different use, can be fired in the same rifle without any change or adjustment. The rifle is equally adapted for killing the largest as well as the smallG are used for short ranges and in places where
charges.
game, and shoots well at either short or long range. Numbers 4 and it would not be safe to fire full
mj^^mw^^^^^^m
Regular Smokeless Powder Cartridge. Regular Bullet. Lead, with Nickel Cover.
^^m
Black Powdkr Cartridge.
Grooved
Shell.
The ejection of the discharged shell is positive, the shell being thrown to the right of the operator, the operation being accomplished by moving the
lever
downward. If the operator desires to use the gun as a single loader, he must place a cartridge in the breech opening and then bring the lever backward this movement carries that cartridge into the chamber, breeches up and cocks the rifle ready to fire. If the oi)erator omits to place a cartridge in the breech opening, and the lever is moved backward, a cartridge will be automatically taken from the magazine and carried forward by the breech;
268
bolt into the
use.
single loader to
being then breeched up and cocked ready for a magazine rifle is always automatic.
The construction
parts being
})o\vder.
is
always
reliable;
all
are interchangeable. The rifle is especially degrades of high velocity smokeless rifle strongest the use to built signed and
made to guage,
C. AutoB. Catch on automatic cut-off; Finger-lever; matic cut-off ; D. Breech opening ; E. Breech-bolt; F. ExH. Projection on receiver for tractor; G. Magazine carrier, Hammer; 0. finger-lever; K. Sear; L. Retractor; Main Spring; P. Sear Screw ; R. Trigger; S. Trigger safety
A.
projection;
Y. Indicator.
U.
Recoil shoulder;
V.
FIGURE
3.
shows the action open and Figure 4, shows the action closed. The magazine is charged wdiile the system is open. Open the flnger-lever A to the fullest extent. Insert the cartridges into the magazine by pushing them (head to rear) down, and under the catch B on the automatic cut-off C. The
Figure
3,
FIGURE
4.
thumb or fore-finger of the right hand should be used in this o])eration. The capacity of the magazine is five cartridges. A sixth cartridge can be inserted
269
breech opening
B.
On
the
be carried forward by the breech-bolt E into the chamber of the barrel. The rifle is then ready to fire. When the hammer is at full cock, the indicator Y projects above the breech-bolt when the rifle is fired or the hammer is down, the indicator is flush with the top of the
cartridge in the breech-opening
D will
breech-bolt.
a cartridge into the breech opening/) forces the automatic cut-off C back into its recess in the receiver, retiring the uppermost cartridge in the magazine below the line of movement of the breech-bolt E, so that only the cartridge in the breech opening will be engaged by the breech-bolt on its forward travel.
The act
of placing
The automatic
shells, after
cut-off
Chas on
its face
a projec-
the fired
on the breech-bolt
If it is
E.
in the
in the
cham-
more cartridges
left hand the automatic cut-off C'back into its recess, keeping back while the finger-lever A operates the breech-bolt J5J forward and beyond the point of engagement with the cartridge head in the magazine. Complete
When
the action
is
back the automatic cut-off C into its recess, the numerals on the magazine carrier G show, through the opening in the receiver, the number of cartridges contained in the magazine. The breech-bolt E is positively operated by the finger-lever A, without any intermediate mechanism, and when closed ready for firing, is immovably locked by the finger-lever A resting on a solid projecin the receiver. The recoil of the discharge is supported at U and is tion at
The breech-bolt
^ carries
the extractor Fy
retractor L,
hammer N, main
mechanism
is
operated as follows If the rifle has been fired, the yl, and thereby the breech-bolt E, rocks the (with the retractor L by engagement w^ith the sear pin P, and the hammer firing pin) is positively retracted and held back from the face of the breechbolt E. The closing movement of the breech-bolt brings the hammer N in engagement with the face of the sear K, compressing the main spring 0, and
firing
:
The
the
rifle is fullv
cocked.
270
The
in
The hammer will in that the trigger R while closing the finger-lever A case pass over, and not engage with the face of the sear K. This should always be done when laying the rifle aside, and the trigger should not be
when the chamber of the barrel is empty. The action can be locked by pushing forward the lock V, which locks the trigger and lever. The indicator Y shows the position of the firing mechanism
sna])ped
withdraw the
breech-bolt;
remove the
trigger-pin,
punching the same out from left to right; remove the sear screw; take out the sear and trigger take out the finger-lever, remove the trigger and lever-lock remove the fore-stock screw and fore-stock, unscrew the magazine spindle screw and remove it free from the receiver, remove the magazine carrier and magazine spindle, and then remove the automatic cut-off and spring.
; ;
spring,
Remove the hammer bushing screw, pull out the hammer with the main hammer indicator washer and bushing, turning the hammer to clear
the indicator, punch out the firing pin securing pin, unscrew the firing pin and remove the retractor screw. Punch out the extractor pin from top to bottom the extractor will then be free. Punch out the hammer indicator pin and the indicator will then be free. To separate the magazine spindle and the magazine carrier, pull the magazine spindle out of the magazine carrier the magazine can then be removed.
; ;
Mr. Arthur Savage, the inventor, is seen in Figure 5, firing the Savage magazine rifle as a single loader with the following parts of the mechanism taken out : Magazine carrier, magazine spindle, magazine spring, magazine Kj)indle screw, automatic cut-off, automatic cut-off spring, retractor, rescrew, trigger and lever lock.
tractor screw, trigger spring, trigger s})ring screw, bolt stop, bolt stop These parts constitute nearly one half the
rifle
mechanism. The recoil is so slight that the port of the fore and butt stocks.
can be
fired
271
FIGURE
5.
TO ASSEMBLE THE
IJIFLE.
Replace the parts in the reverse order from that given for dismounting, keeping in mind the following points ; Replace the automatic cut-off and the spring. Replace the magazine carrier, the magazine spindle, and the magazine spring together, and give tension to the magazine carrier by turning the spindle, with a screw-driver, from the right to left. Insert the spindle screw. Do not give too high a tension to the magazine spring, as it will make the loading of cartridges into the magazine unnecessarily hard. In replacing the retractor in the breech-bolt, be sure that the retractor is in retracting position, before replacing the hammer and breech-bolt. The model 1895 has a retractor spring. Owing to the increased pressure of smokeless powder, it has beed found impracticable to disconnect the barrel from the receiver to make a take down. All the strength possible is required at this junction. Take
downs made on
soon become
loose,
By removing
rifle,
as
in
To remove
the butt stock, unscrew and remove the butt plate, loosen the stock screw, then quickly draw the stock back away from the receiver. By opening the
272
lever, the rifle is
zine,
shorter.
Fi^re
7, illustrates
a rear view
of the
maga-
empty and
magazine.
Empty.
FIGURE
7.
Full.
rifle has the same action as the sporting rifle, but is with the usual military fore stock, bands a,nd bayonet. The butt plate
of
a military
is
twenty-eight inches
excellence, viz.:
This
rifle
from few
parts, less conditions required to load and operate the mechanism than any other magazine rifle, and great durability. The breech-bolt is in one piece
strongly supported at both ends the recoil is taken up directly in the rear and ,not at the side of the chamber. There are no projecting knobs, hanmier or bolt handles to become entangled in straps and clothing the rifle has a remarkably clear, smooth appearance, free from all protuberances.
;
The firing mechanism cannot be operated until the rifle is safely breeched up and locked the firing pin is cammed back from the face of the breech-bolt in
;
the
first
movement
of the lever in
unbreeching the
rifle.
Double loading or
jamming
however
slowly the mechanism is operated. In loading, either as a single loader or magazine rifle, it is only necessary that the cartridges be placed down in the breech opening, heads to the rear. The act of placing the cartridge in the breech opening presses the automatic
" cutting off " the cartridges in the cut-off into its recess, thereby below. This automatic arrangement eliminates the necessity for a
magazine "cut-off
operated by the
zine cartridges.
soldier,
will If a soldier fails to place a cartridge in the breech opening, a cartridge be fed up automatically from the magazine. The rifle can be alternately and automatically used as a single loading and as a magazine rifle. The extracting of empty shells is positive with the nuiltii)lied extracting power of over twelve to one each empty shell is ejected from the riile to the right before
;
another cartridge can be loaded or fed up from the magazine. A numerical indicator exposed through an opening in the frame always shows the number of cartridges contained in the magazine, and also shows
273
empty.
Two movements
up and cock the firing mechanism, ready to fire. No special tools are required to dismount and assemble the action. The working mechanism is exposed to view by removing the butt stock. Dangerous pressures from compressed powders are avoided by holding all the magazine cartridges by their rims in a rotary sprocket, thus preventing the bullets from being pressed too far into the shells from the action of recoil. Magazine cartridges can be safely removed from the rifle without cocking the firing mechanism. Cartridges are loaded into the magazine through the breech opening, thereby obviating any necessity for hinged trap doors, fillers or any coverings. Dangers arising from the use of high explosive powders in shells having defective heads or primers are wholly overcome by providing a solid steel breeching shoulder between the eyes and head of the operator and the chamber, making it impossible for the powder gas to escape to the rear. The highly popular and reliable lever action is used in the Savage rifle. It enables the soldier to operate from the shoulder or aiming position this action also permits of using the rifle in any position, either standing, sitting or lying prone. At Creedmoor the Savage rifle was placed in the hands of soldiers of the New York State guard who operated the rifle while lying prone, in competition with bolt action rifles, fully demonstrating the practicability of the Savage lever system for this position. A soldier can work a Savage rifle closer to the ground than he can under the same conditions a bolt action rifle. The lever guard on the Savage rifle and carbine makes it safe and
the fired
shell,
load, breech
come entangled with trigger and thereby occasion accidents. The action of the lever is short and requires little power to operate, the arm being very quick and handy. The point blank military range is up to 600 yards. In the matter of selection of improved fire arms for the National Guard of the State of New York, the Savage rifle was recommended by a Board appointed by Gov. Morton, who, however, argued economy as his reason for not making any change from the old black powder Springfield rifles. The late war with Spain has once for all demonstrated the folly of using single shot black powder rifles in modern warfare against smokeless magazine rifles. The Board referred to reported that the Savage magazine rifle, lever action, magazine holding five cartridges, in strength and fewness of ])arts, very close comphance with the " salient points " mentioned in the instructions for the consideration of the Board by the Adjutant General, ease of manipulation, and general all round excellence, won their unanimous approval it being the best military magazine rifle submitted for their examination. The Board also very critically examined a number of military magazine rifles of foreign invention, used in the Army in this Country and in Europe and were free to say that, all points carefully considered, the Savage magazine rifle was far superior in simplicity of construction, safety, durability, effectiveness, accuracy, beauty
274
of outline, ease
use as a single
inspected.
Figure 8 were
made by
laauKK
S.
Savage magazine and a regular charge of smokeless powder, fired from a inches thick. The holes at a distance of thirty feet. The steel plate is
[[.^
rifle
are
lie
buHet
is
;'>(>
caliber.
275
first
impact.
The pene-
about forty
inches.
The largest game in the world, the royal Bengal tiger of India, the elephant and the rhinoceros of Central Africa, are now being successfully hunted and slain by men using the .303 caliber Savage rifles. Sportsmen who have never tried the small caliber rifles and smokeless-powder ammunition are somewhat
skeptical as regards the killing or stopping
power
These are far more deadly than black-powder ammunition, however large the caliber. The secret of the deadly effect of these small projectiles lies in their expanding qualities and extraordinary high velocity which imparts a percentage of their energy to the otherwise inert flesh and bone and these substances, being acted upon by so quick a blow, become themselves projectiles, folloTv^ing a well known mechanical law, lacerating the surrounding tissues and bone, and leaving a path of destruction which is widened by resistance encountered by the bullet.
expanding
bullets.
The conjunction of small caliber metal-covered bullet and the smokeless powder is necessary to secure high velocity. The high velocity resulting from the use of smokeless powder is only possible when confined by the small caliIf a bullet is omitted from one of these cartridges and the primer struck, bers. no explosion of the powder will occur. The small diameter of the bullet
nakes
it
FIGURE
9.
('.
one turn in ten inches, is necessary to keep the point of the bullet end on and prevent key-holing. The rapid twist of the rifling and the great pressure of smokeless powder compels the use of some less _yielding metal than lead, as a soft lead bullet would be blown directly out of the barrel the bullet would strip. The body of the new bullet is formed of lead, covered with a metal jacket.
of the rifling,
;
276
in Figure 0.
Sporting and target peep sights for the Savage .303 magazine rifle are shown A is the Savage wind gauge peep sight B is the Savage combination rear sight; and 6' is the Savage combination rear sight with cup disc.
FIGURE
lO.
can be used with or without the disc. The writer has made excellent targets with the Savage rifle using these sights and holds it in high favor. Figure 10 shows a target of 10 shots at 100 yards. Actual size bull's eye. MinIt
number
1.
Mexican Board of Army oflicers selected by President Diaz, in 1897, reported most favorably on the Savnge rifle. They reported it as one of voluntary repetition. In view of the number of shots made with the rifle without same being blocked in its mechanism or injured or broken in any Avay (the number of shots flred was about nine hundred), this Board reported it to have necessary strength and solidity, and on examination of the various parts of the weapon, found that these possessed the necessar}^ resisting powers. The powder experiments proved satisfactory, the weapon resisting the charge, which was an excessive one, perfectly Avell. The small .303 caliber expanding bullets, when they flrst ap])eared, excited some little derision among those who had always considered the large caliber
Their experience was only witli black powder, and their deductions were correct, under those conditions. The immensely increased velocity inii)arted to these small .303 caliber bullets
bullet necessary to secure effective results.
by modern smokeless powder is the secret of the enormous smashing power of The soft nose of the expanding bullet exthe modern small caliber bullet. pands on imj)act with the softest tissues. s])litting the jacketed poition. deforming the whole bullet to such an extent that the wound made covers a
larger area than ever before seen.
277
is
the
Smith
Smith
catch.
The
principal changes
revolves.
kept in
place on
its
held
is
down by
cut
the cylinder-catch cam, the upper part of the middle portion of which
away
See
to rise
when
the
cam
is
Smith
&
Wcsso)i Anns.
SCHULHOF RIFLE.
in,
The mechanism
is
this
a safety-bolt
which
may
in the
the frame.
The manipulation
arm
is
extremely simple.
in
The magazine
door
is
by hand or introduced by
a charging-box.
fired in succession
may
be
been pulled back far enough to block the breech-bolt the finger meets the trigger
protruding through the
slit
in the
is fired.
The maga-
may
may
ing
be closed, putting the finger against the outside of the operating ring for pullit
back and then introducing the finger to pull the trigger for an accurately
shot.
aimed
which
The gun
is
opened
to reto the
by cocking the hammer, releasing the barrel-catch, and allowing the barrel volve on an axis parallel to and beneath it, until the chamber comes opposite
magazine.
It
lid
as
it
mouth
of the
magazine, and
By
it
reversing the action of the barrel, the barrel-catch springs into place and holds
shut.
a sliding extractor
moving
is
in a spiral
cam
There
no ejection
the
drops
SHARPS RIFLE.
This famous arm, which superseded the Hall
rifle,
is
and
in
278
is
concealed.
the magazine.
is
It is
which
parts, viz.
the body
in
The
bolt is locked
in the receiver.
The
on
its
which
is
pm,
The
is
spiral
when
the bolt
is
locked.
On
two
s])iral
surfaces,
When
the handle
turned
down
to
pin,
bolt.
On
sear, the
under the influence of the spring moves forward and explodes the car-
44-90-55(rSHARPS NECKED
tridge.
The
shell is ejected
the carrier,
side of the
when
the bolt
is
head of the
shell,
The
pre-
firing-pin spring
and rear of
by a thin
The
bolt
is
vented from being drawn completely out of the receiver by the lever of the carrier
The magazine
jection in
is
in the tip-stock.
is
When
the breech-bolt
is
the latter up in a position oblique to the axis of the bore, bringing the point of the cartridge nearly opposite the center of the chamber.
position by a pin
The
carrier
is
held in this
is
and spring.
When
the bolt
is
driven in
.45-105-550 SHARPS
the chamljer. while a projection on the the carrier to descend opposite
tridge.
tlie
S"
1)olt
mouth
The
carrier
is
of such thickness at
the former rises.
maga-
when
279
them.
when
the carrier
is
in position to receive
No
magazine cut-off
is
appHed
to this
is
gun
consequently
it
single loader
when
the magazine
empty.
it,
As
viz.,
opened.
As
viz.,
opened, loaded.
SHARPS-BORCHARDT RIFLE.
Perhaps
popularize
this
rifle
of
its
time
it
certainly did
it.
more to
barrel
is
rifles
The
employed
cloth,
in the
The
early-
cartridge
was made of
tissue paper,
In
some of the
was made
closed.
One
arm over
others
was
was placed
in the
magazine,
manner
of the breech placed a fresh cap on the nipple by the act of opening the breech.
280
The
racy of this
of
its
time.
brated John Brown, of Osawatomie and Harper's Ferry notoriety, employed this
form of
rifle
in the later
SHARPS-HANKINP RIFLE.
This breech-loading, .50 caliber arm was largely used by the cavalry during the
Civil
The
barrel
Pressing
down
it
new
cartridge.
SHATTUCK GUNS.
The Shattuck
years and
still
It
the lug
for locking barrel with frame, the whole being one soHd piece of metal, thereby
all
brazing or soldering.
The
engages with
making
it
from the frame and throws the hammer back so the trigger enters the safety or
half-cock notch.
Many
It is
is
hammer back
is
to
made
recom-
mended when
close,
is
hard shooting
required.
recent model
simple device
is
pro-
hammer
This device
is
it
allows
force of the
main spring
])in,
which removes
is
in
a great
The gun
symmetrical
in
appear-
gun having
a double bolt,
which
is
considered
is
so essential in
line
modern gun-making.
in the
center
in direct
with
firing,
fire.
valuable features.
its
281
The Simmons Hardware Company, of St. Louis, stand alone in the manufacture and control some of the finest and most satisfactory cheap guns now They are generally well indorsed by sportsmen. They are practically used.
Figure
i.
Figure
shows the
This
New
nitro
hammerless gun
is
beautifully constructed
ejector.
known
as the Nitro
Figure
Marvel.
It is
2.
shells.
It
choke bored.
made
Fig. 3 shows
282
another excellent
the trade mark,
It
bears
30,
made
in
12
32
FIGURE
3.
and 34 inches
in length,
and weighs 6i
to 6^ pounds.
Young
It is
FIGURE
4.
made
in 12
The Klean
is
Killer
Pigeon Gun
shown
in
Figure
5.
It
heavily
FIGURE
reinforced at the breech and
is
5.
choke bored,
It
It
is
made
in
12
and 16 gauge.
is
adapted
for nitro
powder
machine-loaded
shells.
283
This breech-loading arm has a fixed chamber and a pecuhar breech mechanism.
It is
opened by pressing an eccentric lever on the right side of the butt-stock, and
thus throwing out the spring-butt-plate, so gs to release the rear end of the chamber-lever,
it
and
to allow
it
to be then
Bv
with the butt-plate, the forward end catches the cartridge, as would be done by a
pair of tongs.
SMITH GUNS.
The L. C. Smith hammerless gun, shown
movement
for cocking tumblers or strikers,
in
Figure
is
i,
has a
new mechanical
from any device
which
different
and commends
The
simplicity
and compactness of
is
this device
Figure
tioned
i.
hammer
joint check,
com-
simple and
The automatic
This mechanism
force,
it
a feature
much
'
the ejecting
requires no
more power
to
shows the cocking and safety mechanism, also the automatic ejector mechanism.
is
in the
forend
284
which bear upon the wrist-pins of the crank-shaft, both tumblers being locked by
a single sear until the breech end of the barrels
raised above the frame,
when
Figure
the sear
is
2.
pushed out of engagement with the tumblers, and the lock or bcks
their respective tumblers
fired
Always ready
to anticipate the
gun known
In this
and un-
The new
step
in
pronounced by
sportsmen as
being a decided
stronger, and have
zle,
advance.
They
are
They
muzloads
and are
tremendous
many heavy
of nitro powder.
gun
is
excellent.
from automatic
to independent, or
fired all
Thus
the
gun
bough-house can be
safety-slide,
can
when
the
gun
is
The gun
is
is
practical
utilize the
reducing the strain on the bolting mechanism to the lowest possible minimum.
The
rotary-bolt
is
solid
is
provided with a
in the extension
strong forward
arm which
jiasses completely
of the rib and under the solid metal of the frame three-sixteenths of an inch,
slot in the
end of
possible fastening.
285
perfection.
The
shells
is
the
The exploded
is
from the cylinder by the simple motion of opening the arm, which
All the
then in
cess of loading
is
greatly facilitated.
The manipulation
of the
Arm
extremely simple.
To
load.
and
tip the
will go.
barrel to
its
place
when
the
Arm
is
Figure
1.
To
eject the
empty cartridge
cases.
Grasp
thumb and
right
its
Arm
eturns to
place,
when
the
Arm
is in
condition to reload.
is
arranged to be operated by
thumb
little,
then close
it
place
remove
is
he exploded shell,
Dr.
close again,
and the
Arm
ready
use.
extractor.
protrudes
and give
released
and
in the safety
hand
286
To
and
ejector.
to
its full
capacity.
it
Raise the
hammer
After the
first
hammer
to rest
next
are fired.
;
lock,
which
is
automat-
the
hammer
great
will
always be kept in the safety catch, and the revolver be secured from
accidental discharge.
The
number
and handling
made
To
this
end much
time and thought has been expended, but not until quite recently has the object sought
after
been
Figure
2.
Figure
2.
It is well
known
hammer.
caught
Tlie
receives a blow,
is
allowed to slip
thumb
in cocking, is accidently
left at full
on some
foreign object
and
partially raised, or
unintentionally
cock.
fruitful
source of accident
all
made
impossibilities
frame so
trigger
that
it
and only by
this
means.
One
arm
in
is
the hands of
also provided
One
of these
it
may be
carried with as
it
little
danger of injury
as
if it
287
it
arm
As a weapon
of defense
vantage, on account of the hammerless feature, of being readily drawn from the pocket.
As
to
the
is
but one-
model
same
caliber,
and
fully as
hand-
some
in
appearance.
of the
well-known Smith
&
Wesson
revolvers.
duction in 1887, fully 300,000 have been placed on the market, and up to the present
time, not a single accident in their
use
Figure
shows the 38
hammerless
safety,
model 1898.
which
is
When
Figure
3.
ure upon the safety lever in the action of pulling the trigger raises the safety latch and
releases the
this
hammer.
The
safety lever
and
is
trigger
must act
in unison,
and
to discharge
arm
in
an impossibility.
It is six
The 32-44
shot,
model shown
11
weighs
pounds
6%
inches long.
five shot,
The 38
caliber
single action
weigh 16 ounces
and have barrels 3^, 4, 5 or 6 inches in length. The 38-44 target model is six shot, weighs 2 pounds 9 ounces and has a barrel 6]4. inches long. The 44 single action,
Russian model,
is
six shot,
4,
5,
and
6^
shot,
inches in
The 32 double
is
central
fire, five
weighs 13
in
length.
The hand
ejecting
32 double ac-
288
Hon model 1896
shot,
is
Figure
4.
The
action
is
This arm
It
is six.
3)4^,
4^
or 6 inches in length.
action
is five
has a solid
The 38 double
shot,
weighs
Figure
4.
The 44 double
in Figure 5.
action,
6 and
6^
inches in length.
The
is
Frontier model
to this
shown
The 44
adapted
arm.
sini^lc
j-//o/
target pistol,
shown
in
Figure
6,
sight.
The
289
Barrel, 32 Cal.
38
LB.
3X
oz.
" "
" "
32
4^
4'A 6}^
6
8 8 10
38
22
I
I I I
u "
"
"
32
38
"
5j4
10
"
is
"
22
8^
The
& W.
38 single action,
Figure
of the
in
The
.22
hand
ejector,
Model 1902,
is
shown
Figure
7.
It is
designed to
The ammu-
Figure
nition best adapted for this
.22
7.
arm
is
the .22 S.
&
W., which
is
long
rifle
requirements.
Regular
may
in
also be used.
is
The new
Military .38
Figure 8
built to stand
in police
departments where
290
It is solid
frame, swing-out
:
and
six shot.
The
i
in.,
lb.
131^
oz,
is
5-in,,
lb.
14 oz,; 6^-in.,
lb,
to this
arm
&
Wesson
Special,
Long
Colt),
and the
.32
Winchester repeating
The
,38
Smith
&
Wesson
Figure
8,
Special contains
21^
Penetration,
This
is
Gallery
same
shell.
The
(listed as .38
Long
It contains 18 grains of
Penetration, 6}4
The Smith
&
has
all
the advantages of
Figure 9-
Its light
weight
and convenient
size
make
is
it
It is five shot.
The ammunition
weight. 14 oz.
&
The
length of barrel
is 2-in.
291
many
The Government
tests praise
highly.
made
which
is
fatal to accuracy.
To overcome
is
this
tool
the side of the notch which comes in contact with the stop
when
checked.
The
stop
is
is
central
Another feature
fitted
into the
frame, which, in connection with the raised collars of the lock-studs, keep the
friction to a
minimum.
made with
is
frame up
to the collar,
securely fastening
them
in place.
The
the frame.
The
cylinder
is
now
pins in front
This
front lock
is
is
The
slightly raised
frame,
thus preventing the ratchet teeth from coming in contact with the frame, and
the alignment,
etc.,
not often
badly
and
if
For the
have
little
is
effect
upon them.
The expansion by
having been
loose
first
fired
46 minutes.
so than one
The
pose at
hammer nose
glance.
It is
a valuable feature,
its
much more
blow
is
would sup-
so arranged that
in direct line
always
loose,
hammer
nose.
Being
if
nose permits the use of an aperture the exact size of the nose, and
it
a primer
filling in
the aper-
With the
primer
is
weakened
at the top,
and
it is
that
is
open.
This
strain,
is
hammer
enough
under severe
being loose,
will give
292
the method of screwing the barrel against the frame and depending upon the friction to hold the barrel in
bullet
its
proper place.
shell
The
bullet,
is
cylinder
fills
is
so
completely
more or
less sidewise.
The
barrel
no positive
The
cylinder
is
The yoke
is
it
in the joint.
Many
hand.
it
The
it
holding
in
The ammunition
arm
is
equivalent in
This revolver
is
also
.38
Smith
& Wesson
Special cartridge
weighing
This cartridge
is
30 per
cent,
more powerful.
cartridge.
The
is
repeating
rifle
This
1 1
SMOOT GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
barrel, lying
in rear
moved from
above.
The
piece
is
opened by cocking the hammer and drawing back the thumb piece of the camlever.
cam
block draws
down
By simply
it
is
lever striking against a corresponding shoulder near the front of the block.
The
piece
may
chamber.
The
its
when
it
is
fired,
293
Extraction
is
which plays
the cam-lever.
After passing a certain point in opening the piece, the direct pull
is
is
im-
cam formed on
it
into a
is
clear of
the gun.
SPENCER RIFLE.
This arm
is
placed in a magazine in the butt which are thrown forward into the chamber as
required.
retreating
is
and
block.
This
is
probably the
magazine
these
rifle
that ever
military arm.
in 1863
large
number of
rifles
were issued
and 1864.
The
action of this
arm
is
very simple.
When
the
chamber
is
When
it is
opened, which
is
this cartridge is
pushed forward.
By
a
raising
mouth
is
of the
chamber which
attached to the
is
The
extractor
flat lever,
left
Another small
up
on
at pleasure,
When
the magazine
from the
simply to
The
is
prevent the carrier-block from falling so far as to uncover the magazine; at the
same time
it
falls far
enough
to
tridge by hand.
is
by a
The
294
cess sideways
when assembled,
a motion of rotation
a vertical plane.
The
The
trigger and
the hamn-ier are pivoted in the guard-plate, the nose of the former or the sear
being held
spring
is
in position
in
l)y
the scar-spring.
The main-
hammer and
is
by swivels.
When
the trigger
struck by the
fric-
The
of
two
by the liand-grasp.
The cam-pin
travels in the
groove on the
its
side of the
rear.
When
the
it
it
does
when
is
The
travel in grooves
receiver.
downward, and
compels the
its
latter to descend.
When
would
rise
the mainspring,
the slide
is
if
not held
down by
When
forced
returned to
its first
position, the
its
pivot,
is
The
cocked
in the act of
opening
pressing
coming
in contact
with the
hammer and
back
until the
At the
is
On
and
The magazine
to the
is
known
its
It is
attached
and
falls
within.
The
breech-
block
recessed on
under side
When
this cartridge is
drawn forward
into the
It will
takes
tion
its
on the
its
upper
surface,
to fly
up and
eject the
empty
the forward
mo-
into the
it.
block to descend to
as to limit the
its
proper position
of
cut-off
may
be so turned
The
The
piece
may
its
a single loader.
When
the cut-ofT
If
is
may
be
turned wpward to
on
295
under
notch
in the slide
and lock
it,
block.
the
movement of
the slide to the rear, to the front, and the pulling of the trigger.
SPENCER-ROPER SHOTGUN.
This repeating shotgun
Sylvester H. Roper.
is
M. Spencer and
is
The
arm, as
now manufactured by
hand
available for
New York
City,
is
something more than a support to the barrel and as a regulator of the aim; but retaining these functions, becomes an essential factor of the system, relieving
its
its
cesses.
II
The
original
cartridges,
"will" in 4 seconds.
The model,
number
for use
of which 5 are held in the tubular magazine beneath the barrel and
placed in the
chamber. The gun has no fore-arm, or tip, of wood but about 6 inches in front of the frame embracing the magazine, and well insulated from the possibly heated barrel, is placed a bulge, of the same material as the stock or of hard rubber
;
flat
The manipulation
the piece
is
of the
gun
is
exceedingly simple.
When
is filled,
brought to the
hand
in position
while the
left
backward and
hammer,
is
pulled.
The
rapidity of
The
shown
in the
drawing.
Double ex-
296
powder
to
shell in the
zine
owing
In this
new model
features
two thumb
latches
one
in place.
SPORER GUN.
In this magazine gun, the magazine reservoir, holding
butt-stock,
cut-oflF
five cartridges, is in
the
and from
it
receiver.
fire.
SPRINGFIELD RIFLE.
This arm
block
is
operates in a similar
manner
The breech-
The
breech-block
may
arm
fired.
A
405
hammer
is
employed.
Caliber, 45
;
bullet,
grains.
limit
powder charge
cam
latch
worked
The
first
model had a
barrel
is
is
bullet of
500
The
of low steel.
;
length
is
it
32.6 inches
0.297 inch
from
this point
it
is
0.14 inch.
The
concentric grooves, 0.235 inch wide, equal in width to the lands, 0.005 inch deep,
in
twenty-two inches.
The grooves
start
from
the bottom of
them
is,
297
made
case.
a counter-bore
is
cartridge,
of the ejector.
For
all
The
is
26 inches.
The
stock
rifle
is
The
the
has a plain "buck-horn" sight on the barrel, graduated like the service-sight,
also has peep
and
and globe
sights.
The
down on
barrel
sight.
when
its
and loosening
may
it is
left.
When
when
folded
at the
bottom of the
the peep
is
at the top
The
peep-sight
may
be
down on
hammer,
in
being
it.
The
globe-sight
is
distant
respectively.
The
it is
rifle
When
set, it is
when
unset,
SPRINGFIELD-ALLIN RIFLE.
This arm
is
rifle.
piece are in one piece insead of being riveted together as in the 1870 model.
is
fired
lies
dovetailed into
pin,
at its
forward end.
The
firing-pin screw
replaced by a stop-
which
is
is
plate
of uniform thickness, about one-half that of the 1870 model, the main-
The shape
of the
hammer and
of the
known
and additions
298
as follows
:
thumb-piece slotted
in the direction
is
This
slot receives
one end of a
lever,
which
may
turn in a direction
flat
to which
it is
to posi-
tion
motion
in the
reverse direction.
An
the hanuncr
is
surrounded by a
spiral
which
finds a bearing
to the left-
hand
which
is
hole through the plate admits the rear end of the piston.
is
When
the breech-
block
hammer
up the
The
away
to
is in
SPRINGFIELD-STILLMAN RIFLE.
In :his modified Springfield
the breech-screw, and
.^crcw
is is
rifle,
the lock
is set
tang of
altered mainly
The
firing-pin
In a later
STARR RIFLE.
An
caps.
old breech-loading arm, using linen cartridges and fired with percussion
They
are
now seldom
seen.
The
caliber
was
.54.
moved by
levers
from below.
features, the
Tlie
arm
resembles, externally, in
It
its
operation, and in
many
of
its
Win-
chester.
bolt being
is
locked
in
thrown upward
The empty
ojx-ning
])y
zin^is charged.
AMERICAN
For
and durabihty.
In
all
MALL
RMS
299
STEVENS ARMS.
forty years the Stevens rifles have been celebrated
for their accuracy
both for indoor shooting at gallery ranges and for outdoor shooting at the
longer ranges.
They
rifle
are regularly
made
.22 short
rim
fire, fire,
fire,
.22
long
rim
fire,
.22 7-45
rim
Stevens rim
fire,
fire,
.32
long rim
fire,
.25-21
Stevens center
fire,
long center
center
fire,
.32-20 center
.32
fire.
The
quite
famous
is
as
No more
made,
and
it
200 yards
The
target shooters,
bullet,
purposes
the
lighter
bullets,
is
may be
The
greater caliber
bullet.
The
shell full of
results.
With
The diameter
of the bullet
rifle,
.375.
The
Ideal
shown
in
Figure
i,
is
a single shot
rifle
for target
and hunt-
FIGURE
ing purposes, and combines in one
I.
arm
all
is
The "hang"
is
the
outline
It
is
graceful
a take
and
simple, strong
and durable.
down
is
The importance
of this
feature cannot be
rifle
overestimated.
case, or of
There
the
in a Victoria
packing in small
are ready
(as,
when you
use
it.
Then
there
whole
rifle,
The combination makes several rifles, each just as good as is much less.. The rifleman may have a short,
for short range; a .25 center fire barrel of
medium
or
300
game;
good
results as so
many complete
having exactly
is
Where one
rifxes
entirely
overcome.
These
into the
are
made
to "take
down."
it
The
barrel
is
threaded
and screws
frame
in the
is
To
down, loosen the barrel-screw and unscrew the barrel from the frame.
rifle
To
the
sets
put the
threads
together,
sec
is
drawn
are
out, so the
on
the
barrel
will
escape
it.
When two
fire,
barrels
used
on
same
stock,
one a rim
fire
this necessitates
two
To remove
and breech-block screw, when the block, extractor and lever will drop To replace, lay the extractor in place on the block. Push the block into out. place with the lever dropped down, and insert the lever-s6rew, then the blockscrew.
Draw
Little
The
It
in
Figure
2, is
has a round barrel of the standard length of 20 inches and a single trigger.
^^ ^^^
Figure
It takes the .22
2.
long
rifle
rim
fire
B. caps, .22
is
short or long.
The weight
.22
3^4
bids fair to
The well-known
center
fire
Ideal range
fire
made
for .22
short,
long
rifle.
.2$
cartridges,
26
Weight (with
i
7f pounds.
i
With
No.
barrel,
pound
lighter.
rifle,
The
shown
in
Figure
3,
is
designed to meet
all
who want
the best.
No
301
end.
The
adopted,
in
making
this the
most complete
rifle
ever
made
Every
rifle is
carefully tested
from a machine
rest,
at
FIGURE
38-55 cartridges.
3.
The
barrel
is
half-octagon
double
design.
discs.
Made
and .38-55
and
and the
.22 short,
long
rifle
and
.25
Stevens rim
rifle is
shown
in
Figure
4.
It
has a half-octagon
sight,
With
these sights
we have a
rifle,
rifle
which can be
It is
fire,
and vice
versa.
made
rim
rim
.25
and
.32 long
rim
fire.
With an
* 5f pounds.
FIGURE
4.
The Vernier
barrel.
New Model
rifle,
shown
in
Figure
5,
sight,
barrel,
we have
rifle
.22
long
302
rim
fire,
rim
fire
and
.32 long-
rim
fire.
The weight
.L
varies
from 2
to 2^
.,=
FIGURE
pounds, according- to the length of barrel.
5.
rifle,
Figure
6,
is
and portable.
For
this
rifle
the standard
22 inches
it
is
round the
The
stock
is
finely
The weight
of the
rifle
complete
4^ pounds.
The
solid breech-block.
When
the lever
down, an unobstructed
a great advantage, as
may
apart.
is
This
is
way
and
draw the
cloth
It is
made
to take down.
To one
stock and
FIGURE
6.
frame may be
rifled barrels,
fitted barrels
and also
.22
and
One
breech-block answers
and
.25,
-necessary.
This
rifle
cart-
made
.25
fire only.
The
short, long
rifle
chambered
for
The
rifle
.32 short
rim
fire
factorily in rifles
.32 long
rifle.
a 20-inch
barrel
is
a most convenient
for bicyclists.
vernier sight,
shown
Figure
7,
presents a neater
at the top
is
thumb-screw
away
The
elevation
303
under the eye-
Windage
is
eye-cup.
The eye-cup
first
loosened,
obtained.
is
By having
the wind-
wind-gauge on a loaded
rifle is
obviated.
FIGURE
8.
FIGURE
extreme accuracy, and
is
7.
in size
of aperture.
finely finished.
apertures of six different sizes, any of which can be placed upon the center in
the most perfect
manner and
exactly fitting the eye for any kind of light, and also to match
up with
work.
the front
all
open hunting
sight, the
fine target
As
men
who
shoot do not require the same aperture in the eye-cup, even under the same
it
weather conditions,
standard size to
the writer
fit
difficult
to furnish a
all eyes,
knows
several shooters
who
This, however,
inconvenient in changing,
and one
is
home
By using
to all
who
desire to
do
fine
work with
Among
men whose
eyesight
is
304
failing,
from a
rest.
This
is,
of course,
number of
riflemen
and
oflF-liand
work
is
constantly growing.
noticed
and magnified.
field
Then,
power of
of vision.
Arms Company
brilliant
much better shooting many riflemen will get The Stevens a high-power telescope. The features of the best telescopes.
while
glasses are, the arrangement for obtaining elevation, wide field of vision and
illumination
permitting
dim
to be
done
in light so
shot
gun
It
is
the
same
as
the
Xew Model
is
made
for .38-40
it
This
an excel-
gun
for taxidermists, as
lasting shells
The breech-loading
barrel,
gun
is
made
in 12
and weighs
to
7 pounds.
The famous Stevens single-shot pistols are made after several models for The largest, the Lord model, is shown in Figure 9. It has It is fitted a larger frame and a much larger handle than the other models. with open wind-gauge rear sight and bead front sight and is made in two
different purposes.
FIGURE
calibers
9.
is
.22
long
rifle
rim
fire
and
.22
rim
fire.
With a
weight
3 pounds.
rillod for
almost
.25
all
of the
American
late Ira
caliber.
The
in his exhibitions.
305
It
is
in
Figure
lo,
is
used by
many
is
experts.
fitted
with open wind-gauge rear sight and bead front sight, and
to carry about, nor fatiguing for persons of
rifle
moderate strength to
and
.25
rim
fire cartridges.
With a
lO-inch
FIGURE
barrel,
it
10.
it
weighs about 2^
pounds.
made
&
S.
is
& W.
a duplicate of the Gould model,
Figure
11,
FIGURE
II.
is
with the exception of the guard, this model having the spur-guard, which
preferred by
many
shooters.
smaller in
size,
is
made
in the
following
istyles
a 6-inch barrel, with globe front and peep sights, weight 10 ounces; a 6-inch barrel, with open sights, weight 10 ounces
; ;
No.
2,
No.
3,
a 6-inch barrel,
No.
4,
5,
open
sights,
6,
sights,
weight 12 ounces.
306
There are two other models made by the Stevens Arms Company, which have
barrels 3
To
which
will tip
placed.
The
action
hammer
cocked,
Jr., rifle,
shown
It
in
is
Figure
is
re-
breech-loading
rifle's
FIGURE
Style of action.
It is
12.
all
gauge and
all
inter-
cliangeable.
It
33 inches
The
barrel
is
rifled,
and chambered
rifle
is
It
has an automatic safety, positive in action, sliding into a notch in the hammer,
making
it
arm
until
we
single barrel shot gun. Figure 13, has just been perfected.
in
12,
FIGURE
ranging
in
13.
It
a special device by which the operator can at will change the gun from an
ejector to an extractor by
307
These guns are very high grade and are made especially to shoot nitro powder. 12 gauge weighs from 634 to 8 pounds, while the 10 gauge weighs from
pounds.
to 10
is
They
There
There
is
other small parts liable to breakage and derangements, the entire locking mechan-
The frame
is
not cut
away
mechanism but
is
as strong
Owing
to the
durability.
The
safety device
is
There
is
no
show
hammer
one piece.
mechanism
is
contained in
of the stock, a
sportsmen
will appreciate.
the
hammer and
The
frame
tion.
;
fore-end fastener
there
is
is
new and
it
The
direct
ejecting
mechanism
consists
which give a
blow
to the extractors in a
ejector.
The
entire
mechanism
is
and weakened, as
is
all
The
latest
prod-
Arms Company
is
known
The
Syracuse.
308
90 degrees
being
in front,
thumb-
as
it
descends
it
it
also presses
end of which locks the sear and keeps the hammer from falling
is
is
breech
closed.
It is
movement of
the block.
The mechanism
cidental
descent of the
tion
hammer
when
the piece
is fired.
Extrac-
essentially the
same
as in the
Remington
rifle.
is
closed by a bolt]
The
breech-bolt
is
These
when
The axes
which the
The
The upper
surface of each rear link receives the end of a pin in the breech-bolt lever; motion
of the lever
is
The hammer
is
firing-
when
the lever
is
is
thrown open.
by a center-lock of the usual pattern.
loaded through a gate
in the side
The
is in
piece
fired
is
the tip-stock,
is
carrier
lever
is
is slotted.
This
of the carrier.
When
the leverj
its
mouth
The
reverse
until its
upper surface
No
fired. fired.
wiping rod
is
is
no magazine
it,
cut-ofT.
As
viz.,
opened, closed,
As a single loader, four motions are necessary, viz.. opened, loaded, closedj The gun carries nine cartridges in the magazine and one in the chamber.
309
was
used by the British army during the wars of 1776 and 18 12.
It
was afterwards
lock-plate
is
made
in this country,
The
receiver of this
gun
is
in
is
with the barrel, and also below the barrel, in line with the magazine, which
It is
in the tip-stock.
also cut
away
at the side,
forming
locking the bolt, and at the same time an opening for inserting the cartridges into
the
empty
shells.
The
composed of three
body or locking-tube
screwed, and the boltpivoted in a slot in the
the pivot causes the
the cocking-piece or
hammer,
into
which the
firing-pin
is is
An arm
it
of the latter
arm above
The
On
is
a small projection,
hammer.
When
the
hammer
to the
The magazine
The
when
They
by a spring-stop, which
is
pivoted to the
left stde
ated by a push-button.
mouth
of the magazine.
When
the
is
to be used as a
pushed
head
its
is
checked by a notch
in the
and
when
When
forms a
the piece
is
is
the magazine
floor, so to speak, to
is
in line
The
it
310
ing,
W.
to
J.
Turnbull, of
New
Orleans.
It
has
light in weight,
fail
fire,
that
is
necessary
is
to press
it.
fire
The
car-
is
is
contains
chain
of
sixteen
This chain
sure firing one cartridge and pushing the next into position.
The
pistol
is
so
weapoti can be fired as rapidly as the operator can press the trigger. There are four triggers, all of one piece of moial. and revolving so that while one of the
triggers
is
is
moving
the hanimer
ready to
fall
UPDEGRAFF .RIFLE.
This breech-loading small-arm has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breechblock,
at (jo
in front,
thumb-piece.
By
bringing the
hammer
under
down
released
moves forward
and
changes
point of bearing on the block to the other side of the center of motion,
like that
above mentioned.
piece
is
As
the breech-block
withdrawn.
The
hammer
of
its
usual way.
The
is
piece
fired.
hammer
when
the piece
Extraction
is
This disk
is
Ejection
is
secured by acceleratit
ing the
movement of
its
receives
from the
nearest link, at
VANCHOATE GUN.
This breech-loading
rifle
which
by direct action.
It is
opened by
first
cocking
then the piece, then raising the liandlc of the breech-bolt to a vertical position, and withdrawing the bolt until it is arrested by striking against the upper end of the
311
In raising the handle, the beveled surface of the head of the firing-
and thus
it
hammer and
presses
it
back to the
tip
full-cock.
The
piece
is
The
of the
fully
until the
breech
is
The
piece
is
fired
Exis
traction
is
Ejection
bottom of the
bolt, and, in
the act of withdrawing the bolt, struck forcibly against the tip of the recoil-screw.
shell
it
is
held,
and
impossible to
move
unless the
hammer
is at
full-cock.
VOLCANO PISTOL.
This curious arm, practically a small Henry repeating
to rival the revolver.
It
rifle,
at
derived
its
name from
ex-
plosion.
It is
now seldom
seen or used.
WARD-BURTON RIFLE.
This breech -loading small arm has a fixed chamber closed by a movable breechblock which slides in the line of the barrel by direct action.
the piece
is
As
a single loader
bolt.
The motion
on
of turning
its
up the handle,
in
opening the
axis
and to cause a
formed.
The
point of
thus retracted from the face of the bolt in the closing of the piece,
during
this operation.
In
turning
pin
down
is
the handle these shoulders are no longer opposed, and the firing-
may
For a
of the bolt
made somewhat
is
concave.
spiral mainspring.
The
is
piece
fired
The
piece
upon
sear-bolt in closing,
is
ance of the mainspring, while the breech-bolt passes by, to the extent of the throw
permitted the firing-pin.
the
way
of the trigger.
To fire the piece, the sear-bolt is drawn down To prevent the sear-bolt from accidentally slipping
when
the mainspring
is
out of
off the
312
when
the breech-bolt
is
turned
down
Extraction
is
on top of the
bolt,
and ejection
diametrically opposite to the by a loose pin playing through the face of the bolt It sear-bolt in opening the piece. the of front the strikes pin This extractor.
cartridge head, and throws the thereby impinges against the lower edge of the
cartridge-shell
it is
upward around
the
it is
held, until
The
piece
may
The
sear-bolt
may
then be pulled
down
out of the
bottom of the breech-bolt, so that the bolt may be withdrawn. As a magazine gun it is opened as just described; and in drawing back the upper leverbreech-bolt the front end of the slot in its lower surface strikes the
slot in the
arm
head
its
front part
is
formed.
This
the cartridge tray supports a cartridge slantingly, so that the upper portion of
shall project slightly
in
which the
bolt slides,
opposite the
mouth
of the chamber.
The
carrier
is
By reversing
ment
the
movement
it
of the bolt,
its
up the
chamber.
As
its
move-
and forces
it
down
mouth
of the magazine.
In
its
descent
strikes a
spring catch magazine-stop operating to restrain the issue of the cartridges from
the magazine, and allows one to
the tray.
ofif
The
issue of cartridges
by a slide operated
by a projecting thumb-piece.
ing the magazine
in reserve.
The
piece
may
The head
of the follower
is
in
order to serve as a
The magazine
carrier
is charged from below by drawing back the bolt, thus raising the and exposing the mouth of the magazine for the successive introduction of
the cartridges.
is
that of the
The fulminate
at the
is
cartridge-head.
WESSON
Wesson
single shot pistols,
PISTOL.
made by Frank Wesson,
at
formerly
Worcester,
313
The hammer
is
is
slightly raised
thrown
(144
Ex LONG
WESSON
fitted
They
are
WESTLY RICHARDS
block,
rel,
RIFLE.
This breech-loading small arm has a fixed chamber closed by a moveable breech-
at
being
moved from
below.
In
its
arm resembles
movement
in opening,
flat
hammer
The blow
its
of the
hammer
is
is
directly deliv-
movement being
the breech-block.
The
employed.
WHITE GUN.
In this magazine gun the permanent portion of the magazine mechanism
tained in a box located directly below the receiver
;
is
con-
holds.
This packet
a cut-off.
WHITNEY
At
ington's Administration,
RIFLE.
when Secretary
of State in
Wash-
Mr.
Eli
Whitney undertook
being the
in use in
Europe.
making
met with most violent opposition, both English and French officers ridiculing the idea as an impossibility, and claiming that each arm would be a model and would
cost at least one
hundred
dollars.
Armory where
314
formity of parts was secured to the great satisfaction of his friend, Mr. Jefferson.
The
Armory was
in force there.
it
forced
by importing a large
made
barrel
The
ries
The
is
24 inches long.
Rifle.
It car-
when loaded
WHITEMORE
This breech-loading arm has a
fixed
RIFLE.
barrel, lying
at
in front,
thumb-
The arm
It is
is
the
and the
hammer.
closed and fired by drawing the trigger, the mainspring being placed
The
piece
is
is
struck by the
hammer when
Extraction
is
is
effected by striking
the lower end of another similar lever pivoted to the side of the frame, by the end
of the locking-piece,
when
the opening
is
nearly completed.
flap
hinged to the
may
may
be carried safely
when loaded
two under
bolts locking
on a wedge
is
which
will
locked at
right angles
bolts,
stand a strain
of nitro powder.
One under
lug
is
close to a cross-piece
on
the frame which forces the breech against the face of the frame.
The
lock
is
very
lever,
pound
work
316
all
kinds
manufactured by the Winchester Repeating Arms Co. are justly celebrated for their
superiority
and absolute
reliability.
Over a
million Winchester
There
is
the best.
There
and lowest
which
dif-
Neither
is
made
in the tests to
guns are subjected for strength, accuracy, and manipulation. The difference
various styles of the different models of Winchester guns
is
due
to the
styles.
Winchester guns are the best that experience and money can procure.
The
caliber
barrels of
the .30
F.
and .25-35
W.
C. F.,
Lee
made
which has a
The
made
of extra high
grade of
steel,
sufficiently strong to
withstand
much
greater pres-
sures than could possibly be developed by the cartridges they are intended to shoot.
In
steel,
actions,
of
and
magazine
springs,
An
'
invaluable feature
to gauge,
fit
is
guns
are
made
and are
strictly interchangeable.
or,
For
To make
To
determine whether or
and shape, or
parts,
if
component
producing Winchester guns, nevertheless they are sold cheaper than guns
costly
made
in a less
and
less careful
manner.
it
by
this
system of manufacture, as
usage, at a trifling cost
Almost
all
parts of
Winchester guns can be sent by mail, therefore a broken part can be replaced quickly and
easily in
any part
of the world.
Gun makers
difficult
part of a
gun
to
make
is
the barrel.
To do
and
so successfully, requires a thorough knowledge * Also the .35 .405. Winchester special. f Also the .32
tAlso the
.33.
316
all
When
called.
'.
The
is
locked
put
to
be chambered
and
fired.
It is
and
if
condemned.
It
is
It is
then straightened
subjected to what
is
known
as the "Winchester" or
"Lead"
test.
This
test,
test
never
fails to disclose
is
any imperfection
In making
this
it
the barrel
held in a vise and a plug of lead the exact size of the bore placed in
it
all
The plug
is
then pushed gradually through the barrel with a copper rod by the expert
test.
conducting the
The
is
instantly dis-
closed by the different pressure required to push the plug through the barrel.
is
This
test
is rifled,
"Lead"
of
test.
They
show a variation
of a
thousandth part
an inch.
One
of the
most
difficult
things to determine in
making
rifle
barrels
is
the twist or
Cartridges of different
require a different twist. A or like calibers containing different weights of powder or lead it point on to the limit of keep to enough fast bullet spin a will which one is twist perfect
its
is
is
range and
its
air as
If the twist
it
will
"tumble" or "keyhole" as
On
the contrary
if
the twist
is
it
is
unsteady
in its flight
and wobbles
when
it first
begins to spin.
The
only sure
way
tests.
The
the best results enable them to determine with positive certainty the twist that will give
When
tliat
is.
and accuracy.
The
for
manipulation consists of
it
"dummy"
as a
single loader or
If
repeater, slowly and quickly, to detect any possible defect in the action.
in extracting, in handling the cartridges, or
a gun
is fault)'
it
cannot pass
this test.
from three
to
in
in an-
317
This
is
barrels
and
At
Repeating
Arms
At these
shot to test
its
corps of experts devote their entire time to this work, and before a
it
gun
passed by them,
a standard sized
sights,
must be capable of shooting seven consecutive bull's eyes on All guns are shot to line up the target for the distance shot.
until they are properly aligned
proper elevation.
make
a good target
is
condemned.
shoot at least 300 pellets of shot inside a 30-inch circle, the testing load being 3 drams of smokeless powder and ij4 ounces of No. jYz chilled shot. Cylinder-
bore barrels are targeted at 30 yards, the load given above being used.
pass these tests for manipulation and accuracy are given a
exterior finish,
etc.,
Guns
that
final
inspection for
rifle,
caliber
embody
the latest
improvements
Winchester guns.
It is
a "
Take Down
"
apart easily and quickly by simply unscrewing the thumbscrew located underneath
the forearm,
which
is
stock.
The
action used
on
this
gun
parts.
When
gun
is
of the
The gun
is
which
is
made with
good
grip.
Figure
autofnatic
rifle
is
Take Down,"
powder and
After
neces-
fire
It is
that
it is
The
rifle
The
318
The
To
fill
length of
gun over
all is
about
sH
pounds.
gun muzzle down and turn the magazine plug, butt-plate, to the left, and draw out the magazine
clears the opening in the stock.
Drop
opening
magazine.
Push
in the
it
by
the
To use
first
fill
charger by pushing
five cartridges
in the stock.
head
Press
downward and
Hold
the muzzle
down
To
load the
forearm, and
spring forward.
a carlast
After
this,
gun
is
charge
is fired.
To unload
the gun,
work
backward and
entirely
for-
ward with
draw
If
the
it
magazine tube
from
is
draw
sleeve.
To
the
take
down
it
by pushing
it
operating sleeve.
it
Press
down
take-down screw
is
free
from the
receiver.
Draw the barrel and forearm directly forward. The remaining Winchester product will be
Model being named
repeating
over.
rifle
when
introduced.
to handle
This arm
is
Government, .45-70-500
U.
S.
.45-90, .50-100,
rifle
has a
cartridges,
and
is
reasonable
strength,
ranges.
The Model
cartridges.
1892
rifle
is
is
the
embodiment of
lightness.
made
and .25-20
rifle
Winchester center
repeating
made
known
as the .38-55
and
.32-40 and
the .32 Winchester Special, .30 and .25-35 Winchester center fire
cartridges, the latter three cartridges belonging to the most nuidcrn type oi high
AMERICAN SMALLARMS
powered smokeless powder ammunition.
319
is
box magazine
the .30 U. S.
ritle
made.
It is
Army, 303
from
British,
The
made
in
all
desirable calibers
.22 to .50
and
in styles to
tastes,
and for
in
dififerent
kinds of shooting.
are
made
in 10
and 16 gauge.
Model 1897
is
made
in
"Take
in
Down
order.
" style.
That a gun
it
is
is
any
better, or that
The
different
models of Win-
chester guns are designed to meet the requirements of different kinds of shooting
and
a diversity of tastes.
rifle,
Model
1873,
is
re-
It
was the
first
repeating
made
to use center
Fiffure
fire cartridges,
2.
Up
in
demand.
improbable
arm
will ever
in popularity or
number
in use.
the big
fire.
game
It is
killed in
and deadly
is
a strong,
accurate arm.
automatically withdrawn
is
when
the
gun
closed.
It
can
is
be furnished with set triggers, in which case the trigger lock-saftey catch
omitted.
this
It is full
made
and
The weights
of
Model,
Round
barrel,
24 inches long or
Octagon
barrel.
about 9 pounds
Half octagon
8^
pounds
Musket, 30
magazine
rifles,
only.
of Winchester repeating
320
calibers of the
that
model shown
Figures
and
3.
is
Figure
shows the action closed and Figure 3 shows the action open.
is
The magazine
closed, as
shown
in
Figure
2.
on the
right
hand
as the cartridge
is
inserted.
This operation
filled.
When
Figure
it is
thrown forward
Figure
2.
shown
in
3,
shown
in
chamber,
when
is at
the trigger
is
pulled.
The
op-
gun
off
as
many
shots as there
Figure
3.
To
tip
the forearm
then, before
unscrewing the barrel from the frame, the breech pin must be thrown back by moving the otherwise the attempt to unscrew it will break the extractor which finger lever forward
pin.
To remove
Models
the side plates and links, take out the link pin and
fingrs, first
or setting
it
at full cock.
is
rifle
and
strain of shooting
in
model
game hunters
its
strength,
321
all
kinds
will
is
doubtful
if it
to handle.
The
sys-
tem
ings,
differs
Plgures 4 and
is
operated by a
makes
it
gun
is
at the
Figure
4.
shoulder.
A glance
its
at the sectional
is
and simplicity of
like the old
locking device.
The gun
is
when
the action
is
closed.
bolt.
Each
bolt
bolt
frame on one
side,
and
into a
on the other.
The
first
Figure
'
I
5.
gun
is
firing.
hook attached
draws the
of a light
maga-
magazine
to
be
filled easily.
The
cartridge
bolt.
is
of the
breech
The arrangement
322
easy to insert or
eject a cart-
any charge.
The magazine
and
is
provided with a stop, which permits the use of cartridges of different lengths, hav-
For
illustration
Guns chambered
bullet.
for the
.45-70 cartridge
for
Guns chambered
the .45-90 cartridge will handle the .45-85-350 solid ball, .45-82-405 solid ball, or the
cartridges
the .45-70 cartridges, should be used only with the .45-70 cartridges
chester Repeating
only.
rifle
made by
2
the Win-
Arms
in this
Co.
>^ primer
Never use
magazine
will carry
56 cartridges, or eight of the other thirteen cartridges for which this gun
made.
Half
magazine
rifles will
and one
in the barrel.
Down
" rifles
will
The standard
length of
the
barrel
Guns taking
.45-70 cartridge have the Sporting Leaf Sight, those taking the .50-110, .50-100
ridges the Winchester Express Sight, and
this
all
cart-
Rear
Sight.
Guns
of
set triggers,
so ordered.
" rifle,
"
Take Down
it
Figure
6, is
a particularly handy
it
The
recommends
to all sportsmen.
The
barrel of the
gun
is
attached to
makes
it
The magazine
one
all
parts attached to
"Take Down"
style of
gun
is
When
can be
if
The
interrupted
323
Winchester "Take
in small
Down"
rifles
tinuous screw.
"Take Down"
1886 "Take
The Model
Down"
made
for the
variety of stocks
as the regular style guns of this model, but only with 26 inch round, octagon or half
octagon barrels.
It is
made with
full
or half magazine.
Down"
style of rifle.
To
inch.
left.
"Take Down"
rifles, lift
up the magazine
muzthe
Throw down
finger lever,
of a turn to the
Draw
may unscrew
with
difficulty.
If so,
forearm in the
drive
of
it
left
hand, and strike the lower pai t of the stock with the
to the right.
To
put the gun together, draw out the magazine about one-quarter
lever.
Slip the
into its
place in
the frame, in such a position that one-quarter of a turn to the right will lock the barrel to
the frame.
If this
at the joint
by wear,
This
it
may be
method
Take
off
will expose,
By turning
will
any play between the ring and the front end of the receiver
will
A very desirable
changeable barrels, as
feature of the
it
Model
of
1886 "Take
Down
"
rifle is
that of inter-
enables every one to have practically two different guns for the
As
Model 1886
the
same
made
For
illustration
gun
is
equally as well.
a gun of such power, without the sacrifice of strength or good shooting qualities.
though
this
six
it
is
absolutely safe in
to the severest
every way.
was subjected
slightest
:
weak-
It is
made
Barrel,
round, nickel
steel,
Full
maga-
the
embodiment
of lightness
324
and convenience.
pounds,
it is
style
of
It
a quarter
fol-
entirely safe
and
reliable.
lowing specifications:
Barrel,
round, nickel
steel,
7
for
the
Full
magazine holding
cartridges, or half
magazine holding
Referring to Figures
strain screw.
and
5, (0
remove the
stock.
Unscrew
to right.
Remove
Take
out the
Draw
Re-
move
Draw
the locking
Draw
Remove
and magazine
stop.
To assemble
the
with the carrier hook, and put them into the receiver from below.
at the rear,
Push
in the lever
To do
will
Push the
the gun.
Push up
Replace
trig-
Lay
the
hammer
and push
in the tang,
may
Push
in
the
hammer
screw.
Re-
"Take Down,"
is
re-
an instant, and
The
attested to
for small
by the demand
adapted
rifle
game and
target shooting,
and
is
used by
all
and abroad.
it
can be
simple
manipulated, makes
The
is
and
strong.
The
The
breech-block locks
in plain view,
and
of
strong firing pin and extractor, and also to offer a good cover for the head of the cartridge.
The
action locks with each closing movement, and cannot be opened except by letting
down
the
hammer
The arrangement
fired,
of the breech-
block and
hammer
nor the
hammer
to the regular
cartridges,
being especially
for
bullet.
gun chambered
and so on.
This model
is
made
325
at the top of the
it
To charge
is
head
magazine
the stop.
until the
magazine tube
unlocked.
Draw
strikes
This
same
is full.
gun
will
hold fifteen
Winchester cartridges.
gun
will
The magazine
of the .22
is
Winchester rim
fire
gun
will
hold
full,
press
is
down
When
in place.
If
it
without passing the cartridges through the gun, draw the inner tube out until
stop
;
strikes the
turn
it
half
around
it
entirely,
when
the
hammer
closed
is
backward and forward unlocks, opens, and cocks the gun, forces the
is
hammer
stands at
full
or half cock.
firing pin
To open
gun without
firing or letting
down
the
Figure
7.
same
time.
When
the
gun stands
at half-cock,
it is
trigger.
gun,
its
arm by the
down, and
from the
barrel.
in the
same
down
the
the breech-piece to
most forward
unless
it
When
gun
is
block
may be wiped
is all
can be
cleaned.
This
dirty.
The
much
clean.
A
the
The
action of this
Model
is
shown
in
Figures
to
and
8.
To dismount
down
move
gun
from right
left.
To
;
slide
lift
out
out back-
326
wards.
breech-block.
To remove the firing pin, take out the firing pin stop screws and remove The firing pin can then be drawn out. To remove the hammer and
off the stock, loosen the
mainspring screw
accomplish
this.
down
the mainspring to
out sideways.
screw and assembling screw bushing can then be removed and the
Take
To assemble
in the
slip
hammer
pin.
and mainspring
strain screw.
Put the
from
top.
Replace action
slide cover.
Replace magazine.
;
To do this,
stop
slip the
slide the
Figure
8.
spring
is
into place.
Manip;
is
first
the
cham-
gun
is
again locked.
the
The
always
in
sight, and,
when
the
gun
closed, support
breech-bolt
symmetrically
The same
Model
of
.44, .38
and
.32
Winchester center
in
their
having
fire
The gun
is light,
strong,
The
standto
36
.44
caliber
rifle,
with a 34
pounds. pounds.
ing style.
less than
534
and
weigh a
little
.44 of correspond-
the
Model 1892
is
the
327
To take
the i^un
rifles.
up the magazine
end
of the magazine,
and unscrew
Throw down
left.
Draw
In a
new gun
left
the
may unscrew
the
with
difiiculty.
hand,
right.
and
to
the
To put
gun
together,
of an inch.
Throw
gun
down
into
its
position that one-quarter of a turn to the right will lock the barrel to the frame.
becomes loose
at the joint
by wear,
it
may be
By
Take
off the
This
will expose,
will
go
to-
in case of
This
rifie is
made
and .44
24
Figure
9.
inch
Round Octagon,
or half-octagon barrel.
Down"
style of rifle.
The
of the
Model 1892
and
"Take Down"
rifles,
that any one wishing to use the two styles of cartridges, .38 Winchester center
fire,
may do
one
rifle,
and
stock.
The
strain
and open,
of the
Model 1892
is
shown
in Figures 9
and
10.
To
off
butt stock.
Throw down
screw.
the lever.
screw until
it
Take out
mainspring.
hammer.
Remove
the frame).
hole
is left
may
The
pin
is
opposite this
when
the breech-bolt
is in
Throw
the lever
down and
Take out
Remove
the breech-bolt.
328
MER
CA
MALL
AR
it
MS
backwards.
the gun
^
pushing
Remove
the
To assemble
side.
To do
this
it
will
be necessary to push
The
point under
Put
and
collar assembled.
in place
and put
in the
hammer
of
fast.
Screw
fast the
and elegant.
The
breech-bolt,
worked
Figure
10.
by a
finger lever,
is
when
The
firing
automatically withdrawn and the trigger locked until the parts are in firing position.
heavy hammer and a strong mainspring enable the use of the heavy Winchester No.
2y2 primer, lessen the chance of misfires, and render unnecessary the use of a sensitive
primer
in
the magazine.
The arrangement
pull out
of the parts
is
such as to smoothly,
easily,
and
of
and
insert
it
into the
chamber.
in
The standard
length of barrels
26 inches,
(iuns of this
style.
in
weight from
7 to 7
There
with a 26
and shape of
barrel.
A gun
magazine,
will
329
command
of the shooter.
A gun with
will
chamber.
"Take Down"
rifle,
and one
chamber.
Guns chambered
36 inches
and
up
to
in length.
bered for the .25-35 or .30 Winchester cartridges are not furnished over 26 inches
Rifles of this
set trigger,
if
so desired.
The
The
Model 1894
rifle
is
the
W.
is
C. F.
smokeless.
made
Round, octagon, or
F., .32-40
and
.38-55
magazine holding
extra light
9,
rifle
rifle,
pound.
It
can be
Figure
11.
furnished with interchangeable barrels, the .25-35 interchanging with the .32-40, and the
.30 Winchester* interchanging
model, for big game, soft pointed metal patched bullets should always be used in prefer-
ence to
full
is
much
more deadly.
The
action, closed
the
and open,
of the
Model 1894
is
shown
in
Figures
stock.
11
and
12.
To dismount
gtm, take out the tang screw and remove the butt
and
Take out
Take out
lever link
screw,
and
Take out
Take out mainspring screw and mainspring. Take out the carrier. hammer screw and hammer, holding up safety catch pin while doing so. Take out lower tang. Take out locking block. Take out the breech-bolt. Take out the cover spring
screw and cover spring.
Take out
To
as-
semble the gun, put in the carrier spring and carrier spring screw. *Also the .32 Winchester special.
Put
in
the
covei
330
in place,
and
Put -in the hammer screw, remembering that the sear cannot
pin.
stir-
and put
in
Slip
in
Put
in
che carrier
carrier screws,
one on each
to the
finger lever.
;ink
up
of the
Put
and
and
Figure
12.
The Winchester
the
first
repeating
rifle
Model 1895,
in Military
weight
handsome
form
safe, swift,
and sure
in action.
The moving
and strong.
The
parts are
made
to
not
by hand and
numbered
separately.
tested at 60,000
a .30 caliber Government shell and ball giving velocities of 2,400 feet per second.
regular velocity required for this cartridge
The
in
2,000
feet.
the rough and finished condition, shot to prove the action, and sighted upon a 200-yard
target.
As a
single loader,
it
aim
as a repeater, at the rate of two to three shots per second, with aim.
No
other gun
offers
more advantages
this.
in rapidity of action,
workmanship than
of the breech-bolt.
The
first
receiver,
open
The
gun
is
unlocked, so that
it
is
impossible to
fire
cept
when
fully
locked.
of the lever
locking bolt and w ithdraws the breech-bolt, cocking the gun and ejecting the cartridge
or fired shell.
The
against the
latter,
and makes
When
the breech-bolt
[
may be
easily loaded.
331
made
to hold
it
When
magazine
is
so
The
the breech-bolt, forcing the cartridge out of the magazine into the chamber.
its
is
lifted into
place,
first
Figure
13.
The
the
final
closing
movement
gun
The magazine
of the
box
magazine
light serves, or
light fails.
The
Figure
14.
magazine follower presents the cartridges to the lower front edge of the breech-bolt
position to be forced into the chamber,
in
and
is
preceding
one
in
movement.
The
disposition of the
mag-
such that the gun can be readily used as a single loader, keeping
332
by
is
shown closed
remove
left
to
show the
interior.
the gun,
Open
remove the
carrier screw
and magazine
tip screw.
Remove
spring strain screw, take out the mainspring screw and mainspring. take out the
Remove
drive out the finger lever pin from the forward hole in the right side of the frame.
Re-
move
and
The
be removed together.
Take out
the forward
and
tang and
Take out
Figure
17.
breech-bolt.
pin, extractor,
in the breech-bolt,
firing
and
ejector.
Put
Put
and
Put
spring.
in the
Put
and drive
from the
left
side.
pin,
and
drive
in the
finger
lever.
(The
Put
link should
be attached
assembled.)
the
screw.
Put Put
in the
up the mainspring
is
strain screw.
in the
The
carrier
Replace the
carrier spring.
To load
thumb and
joint of the
333
magazine
forcing
down
of
the
cartridge
lies
Figure 16.
Turn the
finger until
:
bullet
it
end
it
with
thumb or
lies in
The
foUowin^^
.30
Army
or .303
British,
barrel, weight
;
barrel, weight
weight about
14^
y }4
weight about 8
about 71^
barrel, weight
about 8 J^
The
modern
all
The
.30
Army and
which exceed
in
Army
by overwhelming
in the .30
should
al-
ways be used
Army
chambered
Army
or .303
British cartridges.*
chester
many
riflemen,
on account
of their
power
and accuracy.
point bullets,
and
The Lee
and sporting
Straight Pull
styles,
rifle,
made by
Arms
Co., in
musket
States Navy.
M/M
(.236) caliber.
It is
It is 5
The
Rifle.
The Winchester
is
Single Shot
rifle
as safe
The
pin
is
first
until the
gun
the
is
closed.
is
The hamnier
is
is
down
It
the breech-block
when
gun
opened, and
cocked
All .22 caliber rim fire rifles are fitted with a kicking extractor
shell
To accommodate
all
334
of barrels,
to 5, are
made. No.
No. 4 barrel
is
made
to
caliber
gim over
No.
barrel about
pounds
other
calibers
in
proportion.
weight
of a .38 caliber
in proportion.
gun over
pounds
other
calibers
The
gun, take
single shot
ofif
rifle
is
shown
in
Figure 18.
To dismount
the
the forearm.
Take out
Draw
with the
hammer
attached.
The
Remove
and tang
the pieces
attached to the tang can then be removed by pushing out the pins which hold them.
Remove
To assemble
sear spring
slide
it
and screw.
place.
Mount
the trigger
of the lock
into
Figure
18.
finger lever,
is,
in the
same
relation to
in the cut
that
hammer
gun
In this position
Put
in the extractor,
and
back the
the sear
may
not catch on
hammer.
Winchester
Model 1873
only.
F.,
set trigger
Single shot
and .44 W. C.
trigger only.
Single shot
chambered
for
rim
and .44 W. C.
F.,
.25-20, .32 Ideal cartridges, can be equipped only with the single set trigger for single
shot
rifles
unless
made with
gun
is
if
the trigger
is
335
If
it
thumb
until a
cHck
is
is
a double set trigger, push the rear trigger forward until a click
heard.
is
If
it is
a Schuettrigger
is
back
until
a click
trigger
heard.
The
and a very
The
must be
set after
each shot.
it is
desired to
it
make
the set finer, turn in the small screw directly back of the trigger.
By turning
It is
can be made
known
as the
is
rapidly
al-
At
first
there was
this style of
rifle
when
and
it
was
first
when
The United
States
Ordnance
Board, after submitting a Winchester repeating shotgun to the severest tests for strength
accuracy, penetration, endurance, excessive loads, defective shells, rust and dust,
the following official finding, which
"
is
made
S.
Ordnance Reports:
and
In the preliminary examination of the shotgun, the Board was of the opinion that
certain of the
component parts
light
notably, the
sear
the
were too
and weak
which
serviceable.
forearm movement insures the ease of manipulation from the shoulder, and the gun can
be loaded, unloaded or
fired
It
is
accurate, gives
little
good penetration, especially with the cartridge containing heavier buckshot, and has
recoil.
The working
is
strong,
arm
is
intended.
The Board
has, therefore,
to
make
in the
way
of
improving the gun for the use of sentinels in the military service."
The
new form
of this gun,
which
seemed
best,
by reason
of the
of
to call the
Model
recognize in
it
many
points of similarity.
The
breech-block, carrier block, hammer, and trigger have been retained, but in the detail
alterations are collected in the
many
inch.
The frame
from the
is
now
entirely
side.
use, without
danger of jamming, of a
inch shell.
new
lock, open-
ing by recoil, or otherwise, at the will of the operator, has been put upon the gun.
Under
the slide handle, and acting against the stop on the magazine, the gun
it
is
placed a spring.
slide,
When
is
is
and presses
lever
is
hung
in the carrier
when
330
the rear end of the lever forces the forward end of the lever
at full
its
When
the
hammer
mer has
end
fallen, the
spring which
of the lever
still
The
ever,
holds the forward end of the lever in place, and the gun cannot be opened until
Thereupon
it
may be opened
of the
by
pulling
back the
slide handle.
In
firing,
lever,
from
hangs
come open
in the
hands
of
an operator
who
the
holding back upon the slide handle with the intention of making a quick second shot.
It will,
however, come immediately open when the recoil of the gun occurs.
To open
off
gun
upon the
to
right
hand
side
must be pressed.
This throws
the
recoil lock
handle.
to
When
hammer has
slide
will
be necessary
gun
left
That on the
hand
to
in
Upon
placed.
The motion
of this guide
moment when
the
the shell
when
the
gun
is
A new
fire.
locked at
all
times, except
is
when
gun
is
The arrangement
firing,
of
firing pin is
and the
is
hammer has no
made
w'ith shorter
The
firing pin
in its turn,
and
Two
and the
at
The
shot.
barrel of
No.
5,
The gun
i
assembled, has been proved with two shots, four drams of powder (special bursting),
y^
ounce
shot.
It
has been shot for pattern three shots, and to prove manipulation, eight to
i
fifteen shots.
)^
will
Icnid
be
of
any
shell.
337
To load the magazine, turn the gun, when closed, so that the under surface of the
this
and push
it
The magazine
will
make
six at the
command
The
of the shooter.
chamber
will
out.
The
it
Make
Figure
19.
;
empty.
closed,
is
The
action of the
shown
in
To dismount
pin,
gun
see that
all lateral
except
hammer
left to right.
band.
Remove magazine
Grasp magazine
and un-
screw and remove from receiver by hand, action slide and slide handle remaining on
Figure
20.
magazine.
Remove
from upper
left
hand
side, rear
end
of carrier.
down
Remove
Remove
cartridge
guide stop screw from right hand side of receiver near trigger guard.
ward,
down and
out of receiver.
right
Remove
Remove
action
hand
end
of breech-block.
Remove
action hook.
Remove
Remove
Take
338
out receiver bolt and the washer found under butt plate.
trigger pin.
Remove
Rein reverse
Remove
and
left
trigger
Pull guard
bow
move
order.
right
stops.
Assemble
To
Remove
left
sear pin
and
sear.
Remove
side of carrier)
and action
and action
slide
Remove
and action
lock spring.
Pull cart-
upward
until
rides over
diamond shaped
hammer.
hammer
mer.
pin.
Remove
Remove hammer
pin,
pin and
ham-
Remove mainspring
Remove mainspring
is
Assemble
breech-
may be done
out extractor and remove pin and spring from hole in breech-block.
of breech-block
Drive out
left
and remove
Q.xtractor.
Figure
21.
Remove
pin.
screw and
firing pin
lock.
in
Remove
and flrmg
be found
Assemble
in reverse order. to
Note that
will
most convenient
wood
and lower
side of breech-block, while the firing pin lock screw is placed in position.
is
the poi>
system applied to
ly as a
This gun can be taken apart and put together as easily and quick-
or rolled up in
camp bedding.
the Winchester
The take-down
"Take Down"
.system used
on
this
gun
is
similar to the
trials
one used on
rifles,
have demonstrated to be
faultless.
"Take Down"
is
Down"
barrel,
shotgun.
This permits the removal of the barrel from the receiver by a one-quarter
taken apart the stock and action of the gun nnuiin
in
turn.
When
magazine
and forearm
in
nann.-cl parts
breech end by a
339
to fall out
and
be
lost
when
the
gun
is
required to take
down
or put the gun together quickly and easly, the operation being as simple as that of loading.
Besides being convenient to carry and very easy to clean, a feature which further
is
that
it
can be
fitted
and
'
The Winchester
style
Take Down
" "
Trap
"
gun
is
made
in the 12
:
guage
"
Take Down
"
only,
and according
for
1
chambered
gauge,
7^
30 inch
circle at
40 yards, with
a load of
3^
drams
of nitro
powder and
i^
ounces of shot.
Figure
22.
The Winchester
"
"
Take Down
gun
is
differs
Take Down
"
guns
is
in length of barrel,
which
finish.
The
action
the
Take Down."
This gun
28
is
made according
To
to the
same
Trap
in-
Take Down
pin found at the front end of the magazine, which pin answers as a lever to unscrew the
and action
forward and, grasping the barrel and magazine just ahead of the receiver extension,
slide forward,
1 [\\
To put
sion,
Figure the
23.
gun
together,
grasp the barrel and magazine just ahead of the receiver extenslide forward, insert the
its
place in
the receiver in such a position that a quarter turn to the right will lock the barrel into the
receiver.
I
Turn
hand
Turn the
it
will go.
by means
and push
in the pin.
slide
340
is
allowed to pro-
will
Figure 24.
If the
gun becomes
by wear,
may
be re-adjusted
in the fol-
lowing manner: Take the gun apart and remove the adjusting sleeve lock screw.
.L
\-^
glSlfiS"
Figure
34.
Draw
By
the play between the receiver extension and the receiver will be taken up and the
P'igure 25.
gun
only
will
lock and
when
is
made
in
10 gauge,
is
Figure:
in outline
It
in detail.
A
is
provitled.
The
finger
made
is
When
the action
is
closed, the
gun
instantly released by a
downward
341
made with
with a
Barrels for this model are bored to shoot close and hard.
The
stock
comb and
2 3-8
The
is
simple.
To
down
the lever and push five cartridges through the carrier into the magazine, placing
the sixth in the chamber.
empty
shell,
new
in the
chamber.
WOHLGEMUTH
which rotates about an axis
beneath the barrel.
at
GUN.
barrel, horizontal
and
This arm
and uses
pin-fire cartridges.
One
provided with a
rifled lining,
which, being removed, shows a smooth-bore barrel of larger caliber for the use of
cartridges containing buch-shot.
The
tridges.
effect,
fit
Elterich rifled bullet shell niay be advantageously used with this gun.
Into
bullet car-
The outer
if
shell is slotted
is
produces a springy
it
and
the shell
will
make
a tight
The
of
the shell
itself to
is
is
so constructed that
it
will adjust
any
common
throw the
bullet cartridges
from
shell is extracted.
shells.
12,
thousands of shots
shell for single
may
and i6-gauge.
WORRELL
RIFLE.
its
This breech-loading small-arm has a fixed chamber and a perforated block revolving in a mortised frame about an axis at right angles to
closed the hole in the block
lies in
length.
When
342
The
and
pistols
made by William
The
rifle,
which
is
sin-
is
i,
which
is
in
loading
has no superior.
stands foremost
rifles,
The
barrel
is
.22,
.25 or
fire,
and
and
weight 5 3-4 to
Figure
8 1-4 pounds.
ures 4 and 5
inches long.
It is
2.
also
made
Fig-
show
The
Figure
3.
It
is
It is
also
made
of
and
.22 special
Winchester cartridges.
343
Figure
6, is
and target
pistol.
The Model
is
finely bal-
Figure
anced.
It is
4.
quickly loaded and handy, and has no superior for accuracy and pene-
Figure
tration.
It is
5.
rifle,
made
.25-rim,
and
.32 or .44
Russian
Figure
6.
center
fire
cartridges,
and weighs
2^
pounds.
It is
made with
or wiihout the
The
YAGER RIFLE.
This arm, sometimes
very popular in
there
its
known
It
as the Mississippi
rifle
and modeled
in 1842,
was
day.
barrel, brass
ball.
mountings, and
was
a patch
box
in the stock.
France, some
of the
rifle,
rifled
and
fitted
This alteration
suc-
cessful,
and
it
model 1855.
344
a single barrel,
for
target
less,
and
and made
powders.
easily
It
is
hammer-
rib
and
clearly line
up
the
g^n by making
enough
groove large
to
is
absolutely safe.
The
action of the
gun
To assemble
the gun, place the butt of the stock under the right arm, grasp
the stock at the pistol grip and put the forefinger over the safety finger slide that
projects under the breech block in front of the trigger guard.
To
assemble the
gim
if it is
not cocked,
it
is
it
together.
To
take the
of the left
ger of the right hand, push up the latch lever and hold this latch up until the barrel is
removed.
is
closed,
push
This releases
to
come up and
the shell
latch,
is
pushed down
under the
;
down
the
gun
is
After the
it
full stroke,
is
ready for
down and
press back on
shell in
the same.
This
under the
is
finger
pressed
down and
go under
For
down.
is
ward on
carrier
the safety button on the bottom of the breech block and this holds the
down
and, for the single shot, place the shell in the barrel.
When
loaded and
the
gun
is
moved forward
until the
If the
gun
gun
i^ is
is
jnill
gun
will
shell
removed.
AMERICAN SMALL AR M S
Under
and generally well known
description of
is
345
Arms.
in
all
thousand
number,
in
following headings
barrel tilting
Breech-loading Guns
;
The
the
up
at the breech
;
up
the breech-block
lever
the breech-
block swinging
Avard
;
the
breech-block
the
breech-block
ward
backward
(chambered)
;
chamber
in front
Magazine Guns
breech
rel
;
The
upwards
;
at
the
up
at the
muzzle
;
the bar;
swinging
on a vertical pin
longifir-
(spring-impelled firing-pin).
Same with
hammer;
upward and
forward
backward
the breech-
(chambered)
rotating carrier
filled
in the
Muzzle-loaders.
Revolvers
Muzzleis
loading, breech-loading.
At
this
the apitself to
musket
own
The
and
its
rifle,
reducing to a
minimum
tween aimed
shots.
Both
tactical
rifle.
Up
During the
last
346
in single triggers,
meritorious device
is
now
larg-ely
adopted.
The
old
to
game shooting
in the field,
but
when
it
comes
many
finger shifting, and often painful laceration, which, continued at every shot,
bound to have
is
eflfect
It
In the latest
To
between the
and second
mechanism between
and the
the
two
when
barrel
it
first
left
Either hammer, however, can be cocked and fired by the single trigger
separately.
the
the Tor-
Company and
the
Heal
Company have
the A.
recently en-
gaged
in the
H. Fox hammerless
The
The cocking
roll,
whicli
turns on the hinge-pin as the barrels drop, pushes back the cocking slide, which
slide in turn i)ushes
at the
spiral
mainsi)ring.
The
hammer back
in
the
The
barrel locking
mechanism
j^revents the
rotary
347
which locks through an extension rib, draws the barrels back and down to the frame and holds them absolutely tight. The bolt is tapered or wedge shaped on its wearing surface, and arranged so that as it wears it works in further and thus
its
by
wedge shape compensates for wear. The Union Fire Arms Company are now putting on
and
double barreled shot gun, a double barreled automatic ejector shot gun, and a six
shot magazine shot gun,
all
powder.
is
The double
the
and
efifective
mechanism.
The hamand
is
hammers
side,
as
The
six shot
magazine repeat-
gun
and
is
hammerless.
An
trigger double barrel hammerless gun, and their single barrel gun,
made
in auto-
reader
is
such
that
it
is
when one
barrel
changes automatically to the other without any attention from "The man behind the gun." When shooting at the trap most sportsmen use will the left barrel, in such cases the trigger can be set for that barrel, and there
is
be no "pulling the
wrong
or
if it is
desirable to use
the right barrel the trigger can be set in an instant without taking the
the shoulder, or changing the position of either
gun from
hand or
finger,
by pushing the
rocker forward.
easily taken out
The
safety
mehcanism
is
is
positive in
action.
The
single barrel
348
jun
is
which has a
both strength cross bar and joint bolt, a feature of great importance, securing
safety.
and
is
joint bolt
all
from the
of the receiver.
The
receiver or action,
which contains
the
paid to the proper lock work, is made in one piece, particular attention having been the strain is most wdiere found being strength greatest distribution of material, the
severe.
ing,
is
The manner
novel
;
shown
in the
draw-
instead of having the round tang extend into the stock in the usual
is
inside
and the
steel
two
The Heal
front
Rifle
Company
rim
fire
chambered
for .22
It
has a
wedge
sight
and
The
take
down
principle
is
turn-
down screw
out of the hub the barrel can be lifted out of the stock.
it
together.
To
load, the
the action for the cartridge, which after being dropped into the opening provided
for the purpose, requires
chamber
in the barrel.
firing,
By
pulling
the
the
rifle is
and
exploded
The new
ments on the
ticable
Springfield
Magazine
Rifle
now under
(see page 197), while possessing many improvefrom what might be considered the best and most pracarm for our troops. The principal points of its difiference from the Krag-
Jorgensen are the use of two lugs instead of one for holding the bolt against the
sufficient to
magaone
i)roject to
In addition to these there are various changes of details which both imrifle
prove the
its
production.
The arm
is
supplied
indled from
Its
its ])laco
to
form
a bayonet.
great advantage
that
it
made
u])
dispensing with the latter two as separate articles to be carried permits the soldier to carry with
viceable.
him an intrenching
and weight
to
be ser-
349
less effective as
now
is
musket
into a pike,
and
in
view
of the increasing prominence of the intrenching tool and the decreasing occasion
for the use of the bayonet
its
experimental substitution
is
in
line
with a])parcnt
The
ridges.
a
piece
It
is
centrally fed by
means of
clips,
five cart-
made up
of four grooves of
The
bullet
weighs
the
same
powder
power
the
weight
Krag-Jorgensen
rifle
weighs 10.64 pounds, the Mauser 10.5 pounds, and the Ger-
man
let,
military
rifle
It
and
fairly
heavy bul-
the trajectory
is
correspondingly
the
maximum
trajectory being only 20.67 feet as against 25.8 feet for the Krag-Jorgensen gun,
The
arm
and
The
made
of brass.
The
bullet
is
;
lubricated,
it
tin.
has three
mouth of
core
is
the case
The
is
composed of
proportion
The primer
is
and a brass
a circle with
from opposite
sides; these
to the powder.
The powder
Up Du
& Rand W.
A.).
The charge
is
powder used
from 35
42 grains.
known
and consists of
8.63 per cent, sulphur, 25.12 per cent, antimony sulphide, 49.61 per cent, potas-
The weight of
the cartridge
velocity, at 53 feet
this
am-
at
rifle
The
is
80
feet per
second
less
than
in
the
rifle.
360
BROKEN TARGET.
A
from
broken target
or which
is
it
is
broken
it,
contestant's shot.
DUSTED TARGET.
dusted target
shot,
is
is
less dust is
in
knocked by the
size therefrom.
contestant's
but
shows
no
visible
diminution
A dusted target
A
DULY NOTIFIED.
contestant
is
when
his
name
is
called out
by
the Referee, Scorer or other person authorized to do so by the Management. If a squad hustler is furnished, it is a matter of courtesy only, and does not
in the least relieve the contestant
from responsibility.
It is
and
so.
every contestant to be
PULL.
Besides being a
tion
command
command
"Pull"
is
a declara-
in
BALK.
Any
occurrence, not chargeable to the contestant, which directly and materially interferes
calls "Pull,"
constitutes a balk,
deters
if it
coincidentally interferes
The Referee
claim can be
made
new
balk,
when
inning.
DISQUALIFICATION.
Disqualification carries with
in the
it
a forfeiture of
all
entrance
money and
rights
competition to which
it
relates.
JARRING BACK.
Jarring Back
is
first
The
slipping back
is
not infre-
may
351
the contestant
NO BIRD OR NO TARGET
After the Referee declares a "no bird" or a "no target," such bird or target
is
thereafter
is
irrelevant to
it.
more than
way,
in
shooting at
angles,
may
was a
SIMULTANEOUS DISCHARGE.
Simultaneous Discharge
is
to-
DEAD
A
bird
is
BIRD.
gathered legally
;
if it is
and
legally
is
accord-
LOST
BIRD.
it
bird
is lost
when
it
be
killed.
PIVOT
In squads of
six, the
MAN.
is
system of shooting
in
five
men
at
man
waiting
i
is
When
is
No.
shoots, the
pivot
man
moving
to
INNING.
The term "inning" denotes
with the
call
commencing
RULE
Section
i.
I.THE
MANAGEMENT
INTERSTATE ASSOCIATION
acts ungentlcmanly, or dis-
The Management
whole or
in part,
of the
reserves the authority to reject any entry without giving any reason therefor, and
to disqualify, in
orderly, or
who
2.
Section
The Management
or
its
352
AMERICAN
Pullers,
Si\l
ALL ARMS
it
may deem
to be
RULE
shall adjudicate the competition.
2. THE REFEREE.
Besides attending to the special duties as set forth hereinafter, the Referee
He
shall distinctly
announce the
is
result of each
when
the target
when
the target
is
unbroken.
He
which
be
arise in relation
His decision
final.
RULE
Whenever
be to decide any and
all
3.THE
a Referee
The
set
Judges
shall
assume the
responsibilities
forth in Rule 2 concerning the Referee, except that, in case of any disagreement
shall
forthwith submit
it
to the Referee,
and
his decision
final.
RULE
The Scorer
shall
4- THE SCORER.
"dead," "broke" or "lost," the Scorer shall
He
shall
mark
the
and a
for "lost."
The
shall
so, the
official score,
and
it
govern
all
awards and
When
possible to
do
He
shall
announce the
total of
its close.
RULE
Section
i.
5.THE PULLER.
The The
He
shall
of "Pull."
Section
2.
Section
3.
When
a mechanical device
is
shall
be sprung, the Puller shall be so placed and shall so act that any contestant
firing point
at tiio
cannot
4.
Section
know in advance which trap is to be sprung. The Management may appoint an assistant Puller to
take charge
of the mechanical device, and to require that the traps be sprung accordingly
as determined by
it.
Section
5.
him.
AMERICAN SMALL
Section
than when he
i. is
AR
MS
gun
at
353
his
one cartridge
in his
may
fine
may
Section
2.
When
command
is
"Pull" to the
command, such
Section
3.
contestant
after
it
Section Section
after
4.
5.
A contestant may hold his gun in any position. A contestant must be at the firing point within
may
disqualified.
three minutes
be fined $1.00
However, when so
may
Section
points
is
6.
at the firing
prohibited.
RULE
A
contestant
7. CHALLENGE.
in writing,
may
of Rule II.
On
Management
is
Management
11,
he
may
Management deems
case the challengee
2,
Rule
11, the
otherwise
it
shall
RULE
Section
specified, the
i.
8. TARGETS.
any of the instances herewith
if
the contestant
when
when
the trap
;
is
sprung
at a material interval of
(b)
the trap
is
call
of "Pull"
354
(c)
known
angle
is
thrown
at a
when,
five
known
is
other than the one wkich corresponds in number to that of the firing point
stands the contestant
which
whose turn
it is
to shoot.
Sf.ction
2.
It is
when
(b)
when
charged simultaneously
(c)
at the
contestants, or
when
same target
there
is
(d)
gun or
cartridge.
contestant
who
uses a
by the
results
(e)
when
a broken target
thrown.
It is
missed
(f)
when when
a contestant
there
is
is
balked;
in these Rules,
if,
(g)
in the
Section
3.
In double-target shooting,
Referee shall allow him another pair when one target follows the other after a
material interval of time, instead of taking flight simultaneously.
Section
4.
target
is
thrown;
(b)
(c)
when one
5.
target
Section
gun,
it
When,
a magazine
is
shall allow
(a) when, in the attempt to eject the empty shell, the head of
o(T,
is
pulled
thereby leaving an obstruction in the chamber of the gun and preventing the
shot
is
fired
is
extract the
empty
shell.
Section
When,
in
356
is
not "no targets," and the Referee shall not allow another pair, respec-
first
shot, the
empty
shell,
although
it
be extracted from
not ejected from the gun, thereby preventing the reloading for
(b)
when
there
is
any failure
to shoot, caused
RULE
Except
9. LOST TARGET.
provided in these Rules, the Referee shall
(a)
when when
or
a contestant
fails to
(b)
was
faultily adjusted,
whether from
his
own
over-
when he
fails to
own
oversight or neglect.
RULE
The Referee or Judge
is
is
10. BROKE.
"broke" or "dead" when
it
broken
in the air
dusted target
up"
shall not
be considered as
RULE
Section
gauge.
i.
II. GUNS
AND LOADS.
gun whose bore
is
No No
Any
Section
2.
contestant shall use any load of shot greater than one and
Section
results.
3.
contestant
who
RULE
Sergeant system.
12. TRAPS,
Five Traps
consecutively.
right to
sufficient
left,
The
may
be numbered
i, 2, 3,
4, 5,
from
left to right,
may
be pulled from
left to right,
or from
Each trap
less
shall
have
more than 12
feet
The
equi-distant
five
straight line.
356
Section
shall not
i.
The
screens
be higher than
2.
Section
and
adjusted at the beginning of the competition, and so kept to the finish thereof.
Section
3.
with the
than handicaps.
Firing Points
right,
five
The
numbered
i, 2, 3, 4, 5,
from
left
to
and
yards apart.
RULE
Section
i.
13. SQUADS.
five,
except in case of
In 20-target events,
In
each contestant shall shoot at four targets at each firing point, consecutively.
25-target events, each contestant shall shoot at five targets at each firing point,
consecutively.
Section
compete
in
2.
In case the
six,
it
Management deems
it
squads of
manner
"walk around."
RULE
The
targets
;
14. FLIGHTS,
KNOWN
Nos.
TRAPS,
i
KNOWN
shall
3,
ANGLES.
;
and 4
;
throw right-quartering
the flights
Nos. 2 and
i
5,
left-quartering targets
No.
a straightaway
from Nos.
and
No. 3
at
than five yards nor more than ten yards from No.
the flight
of No. 4 shall cross that of No. 5 at a point not less than five yards nor
ten yards
more than
from No.
5.
RULE
When
know which
trap
is
UNKNOWN
known
ANGLES.
The
shooting
at
unknown
angles from
to be sprung,
know
Management
Section
change the
RULE
i.
16.UNKNOWN TRAPS,
KNOWN
ANGLES.
The
traps
The
The
contestant in an inning shall shoot at five targets, one from each of the five
traps,
last
trap.
Section
357
mine by the device a new combination, the previously sprung traps being omitted
new
combination.
RULE
17.
UNKNOWN
traps
TRAPS,
16,
UNKNOWN
ORDER.
ANGLES.
is
When unknown
conducted precisely as
and
unknown
Rule
set forth in
RULE
The
from No.
5 trap
;
18. REVERSED
five.
Contestant No.
;
has a target
contestant No. 3
has a target from No. 3 trap; contestant No. 4 has a target from No. 2 trap;
contestant No. 5 has a target from No.
i
trap.
Then continue
as set forth in
Rule
13, Section
i.
RULE
RAPID FIRE.
An
indicator or other
"walk around."
device shall be used to determine the order in which the traps shall be sprung.
I
No.
thereafter, as
filled;
thus, for
No.
i,
filled; for
is
and so on
to
No.
5,
who
has one
known.
The
sixth
man
unknown.
RULE
Section
i.
20. SHOOTING
Three traps
or Nos.
shall
AT DOUBLE TARGETS.
it
or squads at 16 yards.
I, 2, 3,
be used.
may be one man up, at 14 yards, The Management will use Nos.
The
first
or Nos.
2, 3, 4,
3, 4, 5,
trap shall
throw a
quarterer.
Section
Nos.
I
2.
;
The
first
pair
i
from
and 2
third pair
from Nos.
3,
and 3
in this
and 2;
fifth pair
and so on,
For each
RULE
Section
i.
Section
are 16 yards.
2.
The The
be in the segment of a
circle
whose
radii
Section
I
3.
to
5.
consecutively.
358
Section
Sf.ction
4.
5.
unknown
unknown
angles.
traps.
targets shall be
RULE
etc.,
22. CLASS
SHOOTING.
who
tie
for
first,
second, third,
shall
They
shoot
Management
shall elect.
RULE
High
take in
HIGH SCORES.
making the high scores
ties,
In case of
the high
stays the
RULE
The
ties shall
24. TIES.
num-
ber of targets
in the event to
which the
tie refers.
NOTE.
The
conditions governing the use of a magazine trap are precisely the
same
RULiiS.
RULE
Section
i.
I. THE
MANAGEMENT.
Interstate
The Management
in part,
of the
authority to reject any entry without giving any reason therefor, and to disqualify, in
whole or
any contestant
who
or
who
Section
The Management
assistants as
or
its
Pullers,
Besides attending to the special duties as set forth hereinafter, the Referee He shall distinctly announce the result of each shall adjudicate the competition.
contestant's shot or shots by calling out "dead"
to rule, and "lost"
when
the bird
is
gathered according
when
vided in Section
all
(d) of Rule
and
in Section
8 of Rule
12.
He
shall decide
may
His decision
RULE
The Scorer
shall
3. THE SCORER.
359
the
calls
"dead" or
"lost,"
Scorer shall
"dead" or
I
"lost."
was used
kill,
to effect the
to effect a
and a
to
The
it
be the
official score,
and
shall
govern
all
petition.
At the
close
it.
announce the
total of
RULE
Section
i.
4- PULLER.
The The
He
shall
of "Pull."
Section
2.
Section
3.
When
a mechanical device
is
be sprung, the Puller shall be so placed and shall so act that any contestant
is
who
Section
4.
know in advance which trap is to be sprung for him. The Management may appoint an assistant Puller to take charge
cannot
of the mechanical device and to require that the traps be sprung accordingly as
determined by
it.
Section
5.
RULE
Section
other than
i.
5. CONTESTANT.
prohibited from loading his
it
contestant
is at
is
gun
at
any time
when he
from
all
cartridges or
empty
this
him from
$1.00 to $5.00, or
may
disqualify him.
at the firing point,
Section
shall,
2.
When
to the
When
the Puller
demand.
When
command
unqualifiedly in the
com-
Section
Section
3.
4.
A contestant may hold his gun in any position. A contestant must be at the firing point within two
may
minutes after
may
disqualify him.
However,
360
the
good cause
is
shown
his
for
it,
may
when
Shctiox
5.
After a contestant
he must
fire his
second
Section
6.
If a contestant
thereupon be
the
the
trigger, before
Should the
thus tried,
when
the Referee
apparent
be declared "lost."
Section
firing point
cial
if
7.
contestant
may
so,
mark assigned
to
to
him
at the
offi-
he chooses to do
but the
mark assigned
him
shall
be the
mark.
Section
8.
When
firing,
mark
assigned to him.
Section
point
is
9.
in
at the firing
strictly prohibited.
RULE
Any
contestant
6. CHALLENGE.
may
2 of Rule 14.
On
Management
and
if,
Management
may
Management deems
is
it
challengee
otherwise
shall
RULE
The Referee
7. DEAD BIRD.
"dead,"
rules.
when
it
is
Section
i,
(b).)
RULE
The Referee
(a)
8. LOST lURD.
in
shall declare the bird "lost" after the call of "Pull," respectively:
is
when
i
the bird
Section
(d) of Rule
9,
(b)
when
the bird dwells, even for the briefest moment, on the top of the
it
361
when
fire
cocked, or because the safety was faultily adjusted, or because of any other reason
chargeable to his
(d)
own
oversight or neglect
when
the contestant, after leaving the firing point, returns and shoots
bird, or
again
at the
same
when, after
firing
RULE
When
with the use of both barrels.
9. NO BIRD.
it
Section
i.
The Referee
shall declare
shall
allow another
bird, respectively:
(a) when, in his opinion, the bird, being on the ground and not having
been shot
at,
cannot
fly
is
properly, whether
it
the bird
barrel
is
first
is fired,
and
is
killed
a dead
bird
(c)
when
from the
traps, or
being unshot
at, it alights
dead
line,
(d)
when
at,
when
the bird
is
if,
no such interference, or
(f)
if
when
own
fault,
shoots and
kills
from a mark
is lost
which
is
If
(g)
(h)
a contestant's
;
gun or cartridge
from an imperfection of
life
(j)
when seven
at a bird,
whether
it
has been on
the
wing or not
(k)
when
is
the contestant
is
balked.
Whether
a balk or not,
allowed
to a contestant,
(1)
gives
him a
is
right to a
when
the trap
command
362
"Pull," or
fly after
the
"no bird"
bird
caught
in the trap
contestant to cover such trap before the bird can take wing;
(n)
(o)
when
the bird
is hit
by a missile;
first barrel, if
when
he does not
fire
the
Rule
14, Section
4)
first barrel,
first
he does not
kill
Rule
14,.
Section 4)
(q)
When
;
Section 4)
(r)
unfilled
Section
2.
it
is
a "no bird,"
when
empty
attempt to eject
it
the reloading of
first
shot
is
fired
is
empty
shell.
it is
Section
3.
shot, the
empty
shell,
although
it
be extracted from
if
(b)
when
there
is
is
too
thick or too long, or by any other failure of any kind whatsoever, caused by a
reloaded
shell.
RULE
ID. NO BIRD, IF
shall
REFUSED.
allow another bird
;
If a contestant refuses to
but
if
the
(a)
when
the contestant has not given the order to "Pull" and the trap
is
pulled nevertheless
more
same
time.
If a contestant
Management.
The
first
bird shot at
is
the only one which can be scored dead or lost under these circumstances.
363
II. REFUSAL
TO
FLY.
means
When, on
bird, hit
i
by a
ball or
pushed by a
9,
Section
(n).
if
A
it
contestant cannot
"no bird" after the bird has been on the wing, but
may
shoot
it
on the ground,
in
which case
governed
by Section
(b) of Rule 9.
2.
Section
it
in his opinion,
was
so,
and
shall
RULE
Section
after
it
12. GATHERING.
i.
To
falls to
the
ground or
legally killed
in Section
4 of
this Rule.
may
permit the
may
purpose.
it
The moment
that the bird touches the ground, the Referee shall order
gathered.
Section
bird.
2.
at a time to
Section
3.
When
know
may
may
Section
4.
When
a dog
is
it,
in
Such dog
he
the Referee shall appoint someone to gather the bird, whereupon the
Section
5.
when
to urge the
dog
ofif
the point, or he
may
will
Section
if
6.
The
when once
the
Section
7.
The
gatherer, whether
man
devolves
364
any
Should the dog break away or be liberated to gather the bird bird, it passes beyond has touched the ground and, while chasing the
8.
may
Referee
limit if
is
Section
The
Puller shall not spring the trap until the trapper and
RULE
The
contest.
13. MUTILATION.
prohibited.
mutilation of birds
is
Any
contestant
who
is
convicted of
the
RULE
Section
i.
14. GUNS
AND LOADS.
In the Grand American Handicap Tournament no contestant weight is over shall use a gun whose bore is larger than a 12-gauge, nor whose is larger than a bore whose gun competition a other any in use nor 8 pounds;
lo-gauge.
Section
2.
No
Any Any
Section
the results.
3.
contestant
who
Section
4.
contestant
who knowingly
uses a
gun or
results.
cartridge which
RULE
Whenever
t'me,
etc.,
15. SHOOTING
deems
it
OUT OF TURN.
it is
the Referee
he
may
such contestant's
RULE
Section
five
i.
16. TRAPS.
In
all
yards apart, in the segment of a circle whose radii are thirty yards, the center
circle is the center of the thirty-yard
of
which
firing
point.
straight line
drawn
of
the
boundary,
should
pass
The
i,
by
5.
namely, No.
No.
No.
3,
No,
4,
No.
the traps are in working order and so kept during the competition.
Section
2.
When
eree will require that each of the five traps contains a bird
when
366
used, the trapfilled.
When
is
pers are required to exercise their best endeavor to keep the traps
RULE
Section
i.
17. BOUNDARY.
be a dead
is
The boundary
and
shall
line,
and a segment of a
trap.
circle
whose
No. 3
The dead
line is the
chord of the
bisected by a line
firing points.
trap.
Section
2.
When
marked by
circle,
which
from stake to
on the
used, a
bird, lying
line,
or touching
it
when
gathered,
a dead bird.
RULE
18. DIVISION
OF MONEYS.
shall in the division
RULE
Should there be any
after the contest
is
19.TIES.
ties in
finished,
excepting
3 birds
the
number of
birds,
which
be as follows
In lo-bird events or
;
less,
II to
51 to 100 birds,
inclusive, 25 birds.
Any
contestant in any
may
be shot
off.
RULE
shall
In case that darkness or bad weather stops the competition, such competition
contestants
to agree
on a time and
place, the
Management
contestant
will
name
Any
loses
who
fails to
appear
any contest
at the
set for
it,
by default and
rights therein.
RULE
a competitor,
decision
21.
PROTESTS.
shoots.
The
Referee's
is final.
make any
alterations
all
and amendments
so.
whenever
deems
it
concerned to do
366
AME R CAN
I
MALL
AR
xM S
RULE
Two
I. JUDGES
AND REFEREE.
shall
final.
be selected by the
Man-
be
RULE
The Referee
match, and kept
in
2. DUTIES
finish.
OF THE REFEREE.
beginning of the
shall
in
order to the
He
form
to the flight
Rule No.
He
shall test
any trap
trial
target therefrom.
select
He may
more
at
one or
cartridges from those of a shooter at the score, and publicly test the
If the cartridge, or cartridges, are
same
found to be improperly
in
loaded.
The shooter
provided for
Rule No.
11.
RULE 3 SCORER.
A
of a Scorer shall be appointed by the Management, whose score shall be the
All scoring shall be done with ink, or indelible pencil.
official one.
The
scoring
RULE
A
shall
4. PULLER.
by the Management, whose duty
it
when
the shooter
calls "Pull,"
and
shall be placed in
will
have no
means of knowing by
his actions
which trap
is
to be pulled.
In single target
means
that
to be thrown.
RULE
Section
vice versa,
if
i.
5. PULLING
THE TRAPS.
order from
i
in regular
to 3. or
to
5,
or
Section
shooter
If the shooting
is
from traps
may
but
if
he shoots, the
Section
3.
If the trap is
sprung before, or
at
after
the shooter calls "Pull," he can accept or refuse the target; but
result
he shoots, the
must be scored.
4.
Section
do not
cator, or other means provided, they shall be removed and others substituted.
RULE
6. ARRANGEMENT
from three or
OF TRAPS.
or
five
yards
367
segment of a
segment of a
circle,
or in a straight Hne.
When
In
all
in the
rises
provided for
Rule
7.
The
traps shall be
numbered from
on the
used.
left,
to
right,
number
RULE
Section
less
i.
7- ADJUSTING TRAPS.
to
All traps
must be adjusted
Section
2.
The
and
its flight at
a distance of 10 yards
feet.
shall not be
i
more than 12
feet,
nor
less
than 6
Traps Nos.
5 shall be set to
line of flight
shall cross that of the straightaway target at a point not less than 10 yards nor
3.
any
shall
RULE
Either pits or screens, or both,
than
is
RULE
9.THE RISE.
In single target shooting the rise shall be: 18 yards for lo-gauge guns; 16
yards for 12-gauge guns; 14 yards for 14 and i6-gauge guns; 13 yards for
20
gauge guns.
In double target shooting the rise shall be: 16 yards for lo-gauge guns; 14 yards for 12 gauge guns; 12 yards for 14 and i6-gauge guns; ii yards for
20-gauge guns.
RULE
No gun
guns
shall
;
10. CALIBER
4 ounces
be limited as follows: lo-gauge, 9 pounds 4 ounces; 12-gauge, 8 pounds 14 and i6-gauge, 7 pounds 12 ounces 20-gaugc. 7 pounds 8 ounces,
;
RULE
Charge of powder unlimited.
II. LOADS.
Charge of shot not
to exceed one
and oneshooter
in the
Any
using a larger quantity of shot shall forfeit his entrance money and rights
match.
If,
contestants,
Management, with the unanimous consent of the a shooter has not wilfully violated this rule, his entrance money shall
be returned to him.
368
barrel shall be loaded at a time, and the In .in^le target shooting, only one his barrel until after the shooter has taken cartridge shall not be placed in the
position at the score.
barrels shall be loaded at the score. In double target shrx)ting, both before leaving the score. gun the ridges must be removed from
Cart-
PULE
Any
the shooter
13. POSITION
OF GUN.
may
adopt.
When
but
if
contestant shall shoot Both traps must be pulled simultaneously, and each three traps are used, If three or five pairs, consecutively, thrown as follows
;
the
first
pair shall be
i
thrown from
and
i
2,
3,
the third
3.
pair
from
and
3,
and
and the
fifth pair
from 2 and
3,
the second
3,
pair
from
and
4,
the third pair from 2 and 4, the fourth pair from 2 and
3
and
from
and
4.
it
one target
is
thrown,
shall be declared
"no targets."
If
If a target be
lost, it shall
it
one be a
fair
and the
shall be declared
"no targets."
But
if
the shooter
it
shall be declared
it
"no targets."
targets."
targets."
But
if
shall
be "no
RULE
In
16.UNKNOWN
ANGLES.
it.
unknown
The extreme
angles at which
7.
the targets are thrown, shall not be greater than those provided for by Rule
If
an unfair target
is
thrown,
it
shall be declared
if
accepted
RULE
When
is
SYSTEM.
on which
shall
all
in
appear the
369
on the
target
left,
is
tlie
to be
to shoot at.
he
and so continue
until
i,
may
If shooters delay in shooting by the smoke of previous shots, the traps be pulled in reverse order, commencing with the trap on the right.
is
RULE
All contestants
i8. CLASS
SHOOTING.
first
who
money, and
Should a majority
in said
any
tie
tie shall
decide to shoot it out, high gun to take purse, any individual have a right to withdraw with his pro rata of money.
RULE
A
while in the
air.
19. BROKEN
TARGETS.
it
"dusted" target
No
target shall be
may
but
if
RULE
Section
reasons
i.
20. ALLOWING
ANOTHER TARGET.
The
A For
B C
If
causing a mis-fire.
is
other similar
reason
Section
target
shall
If the shooter
from same
trap.
But
if
may allow another target. is balked at known traps, he shall have another the balk occurs at unknown traps, the indicator
traps which have been
fairly sprung.
Note.
it
When a shooter
break
suffi-
far
enough
it is
own
carelessness,
and not
RULE
Targets
shall be scored lost if the shooter fails to load, cock, adjust safety
on gun, or
pulls the
wrong
trigger.
RULE
Section
after the
i.
All ties shall be shot off at the original distance, and as soon
practicable, at the following
match as
all
Tics on
Single Targets.
In
370
on three
inclusive,
50,
n three
traps.
6 targets;
five traps,
In matches of over
five traps.
25 targets.
less,
on
In matches of
more than
thrown from
If five traps are used, the same number shall be thrown in each I and 3. from traps 2 and 4 (unless otherwise arranged by the Management, and so
Section
2.
If in a series of
tie,
such
tie shall
be
number
of targets.
RULE
Section
shall
i.
23. ANNOUNCING
THE SCORE.
and
it
When two
announce the
back by the
Scorer.
If the second
calling,
he shall
announce
it.
it
at
In case of another target being thrown before the Referee's decision, the
Section
2.
At the
must be announced.
If claimed to be
any,
must be corrected
at once.
RULE
In
all
24. SHOOTER
must be
AT THE SCORE.
minutes after his
name
is
RULE
No
case there
is
and
in
RULE
A
decision shall be final.
I.REFEREE.
RULE
The Referee
match, and kept
in
2. DUTIES
finish,
OF THE REFEREE.
beginning of the
filled.
order to the
He
may
at
one or more
for proper
same
371
RULE
A
shall be the official one,
3- SCORER.
RULE
4- PULLER.
it
evenly and fairly for each contestant, and instantly after the shooter calls "Pull."
He must
traps
may
be furnished by the
to be pulled.
Management, so
must be
know which
trap
is
All
filled
If
may
call
"no bird"
in
but
if
he
must be scored.
accordance with
substituted.
after, the shooter
but
if
scored.
RULE
in the
5. ARRANGEMENT
The
OF TRAPS.
All matches shall be shot from five ground traps, placed five yards apart,
segment of a
circle.
shooter's score.
The
traps shall be
on the
left to
No.
on the
right, consecutively.
A ground
trap
is
its
one that
lies flat
RULE
The
rise shall
6. THE RISE.
;
be
28'
The
shooter's feet
RULE
The boundary
of a 50-yard circle and a dead
7. BOUNDARY.
The
circle shall
for both singl.e and double bird shooting shall be the segment
line.
yards beyond the center trap on a line from the shooter's score, and
shall ter-
minate where
it
which
shall
and
drawn from
the shooter's
RULE
When
Management may be used
8. BIRDS REFUSING
fly
TO
FLY.
a bird refuses to
such
it,
artificial
to start
372
may
when
the traj)
is inillod.
"no bird."
If a bird
shall be declared
RULE
9. GATHERING BIRDS.
must be gathered within the bounds before another
A
bird
is
shot
at,
No
bird, he
may
it
for him.
When
the bird
;
retrieved
is
by a man.
be scored dead
when brought
when
the
to firing point
but
when dog
mouth.
in his
All
must show
flesh shot
marks
to be scored "dead."
RULE
A
killed
10. BIRDS
barrel
is
"no bird."
But
it
may
is
be
the
first is fired
on
the wing.
first barrel,
"lost bird."
But
if
the bird
be "no bird."
RULE
No
is
match
forfeited.
RULE
If bird settles
must be scored
lost.
Where grounds
it
on the boimdary
shall
Where
fence
is
shall
RULE
13. BIRDS
If a bird be shot at
RULE
Any
the shooter
14. POSITION
OF GUN.
may
adopt.
RULE
Charges of powder unlimited.
15. LOADS.
Charge of shot not
to exceed one
and oneshooter
Any
money and
rights in the
match.
373
16. CALIBER
9 pounds 4 ounces; 12-gauge, 8 pounds 14 and i6-gauge, 7 pounds 12 ounces 20-gauge, 7 pounds 8 ounces.
;
RULE
No gun
the
score.
RULE
gun
is
not cocked, or the safety not properly adjusted, and the bird
escapes,
it
shall
RULE
If
19. BOTH
both barrels are discharged simultaneously and the bird escapes, the con-
But
if
the
bird
is killed
it
bird."
RULE
If
tl\
20. MIS-FIRE
gun
e shooter's
if
bird, but
he uses the second barrel and misses, the bird must be scored "lost
if killed
bird."
But
it
shall
be scored "dead
bird."
RULE
21. MIS-FIRE
have another
powder only
He
must, however,
put the gun to his shoulder and discharge the blank cartridge
the bird, and the bird must be on the wing
in the direction of
is
when
the
first
barrel
discharged.
RULE
In
his
all
is
22. SHOOTER
must be
he
AT THE SCORE.
minutes after
name
RULE A
his second barrel.
23. LEAVING
first
THE SCORE.
left
barrel
and
fire
RULE
If a contestant
is
24. BALK.
is
why
it
may
RULE
The Referee
called back
shall
25.ANNOUNCING
and
at the close of
THE SCORE.
and
it
announce the
shall
be
by the
scorer,
if
be announced, and
at once.
RULE
All ties shall be shot off at the original distance, and as soon after the match
374
contestants:
In matches of lo birds or
5 birds; in
less,
3 birds
in
matches of
11 to in
25 birds, inclusive,
matches of 51 to 100
matches the
result
prove a
tie,
such
tie shall
original
number of
birds.
RULE
RULE
erty,
it
28.ENDANGERING
be shot
at,
PERSON OR PROPERTY.
it
RULE
No
and
in case there is
shooting shall be permitted within the enclosure other than at the score,
The
RULE
The double
simultaneously.
rises shall
2. DOUBLE RISES.
24 yards for
12-
The
rise shall
20-gauge guns.
RULE
3. ALLOWING
ANOTHER
at. if
PAIR.
fly,
he does
shall
full
shoot and
kills lost,
But
if
be scored
and
in
one barrel.
The Referee
know which
only.
powder charge
gun
pair
r)f
birds, if
he
fires his
second barrel
the result
must be
shall shoot at
with a
full
Rule
3.
375
5. MIS-FIRE
gun
If the shooter's
Rule
3.
RULE
If a shooter fire
6. LOST BIRD.
it it
birds."
But
if
shall be
"no birds."
RULE
If
7. NO BIRD.
it
shall be declared
RULE
All ties
8. TIES.
:
must be decided
;
In matches of 5 pairs
;
or
less, at
2 pairs
in
matches of 6 to 10
in
matches
10 pairs.
when
As
the
number of
number
of
moneys increased
to four or five.
This system
gives rise to injustice and encourages "dropping for place," and has, therefore,
five birds.
Two
cent.; six
50,
moneys,
cent.
and 10 per
17, 13, 11
and 9 per
this system.
place,' as the
man who
kills
the most
to this
in the
will
The
made
system
that there
is
not a
sufficient difference
various places.
into the
money
number of
This
is
deter-
mined by the net amount of the purse and the number by those who have shot into the money.
376
of figuring the exact value of each target or bird, the various moneys are represented by a scale of points which are not arbitrary, but
pleasure,
may
be changed at
making as much
In this respect
it
difference as
may
moneys.
differs
an improvement over
that system
more than
one
all,
who
loses
it
is
much more
difficult to kill
than a portion.
HIGH GUNS.
The most
popular
recent addition to the\ systems of purse division
is
the
High Guns.
becoming very
the more
so as
it
The
system met with at the start arose from the belief that but a very small percentage
of the entries would get into the money, but when considered as made use of
in the
made use
many
of the
gun
clubs,
two moneys
in the
latter case
making
ten
moneys
the
is
opposition died
The money
divided by per-
entirely distinct
from
class shooting.
HOW TO
This important work
dent.
is
SELECT A RANGE.
left to
generally
In selecting a range, endeavor to find a level tract of land for the purpose.
gullies, as they create
strong currents
space cut through the woods makes the range favorable for shooting.
will
by
side.
Measure
off.
the distances accurately with a steel tape measuring line and stake them
when he
the top.
stands erect in
it
if
the land
not level, or
is
pit,
build
at
a butt or shelter, which should be not less than five feet deep, of solid earth Build up both sides of the inside of the
pit
work.
thus
:
Use paper
targets only
little
Arrange the
targets
Build a frame a
Tack over
the frame
some
drawn
This mounted
lowered
like
window by
drawn behind
the shelter.
377
absolute safety
the shots.
is
mark
The
is
inches in diameter, one side of the disc being painted white, the other black.
When
the shot strikes the target the marker places the disc over the shot hole,
side
when
He
then displays
pit,
in figures
on
it.
The
is
target
is
returned to
exposed place.
Another plan
is
to
is
pulled to the
the plug
is
pointing to figures.
The marksman
fired
the
first
hole
is
HOW TO CONDUCT
1.
A TARGET TOURNAMENT.
and 30 yards or more
"background.
The
when
or racks for guns and plenty of chairs or benches should be always provided.
The
shooting score should be roped off and no person allowed inside but the
shooters at the score, the squad immediately to follow and those whose duties
require their presence.
left
and
right, or
to
Five traps
apart.
W.
and eight
feet long,
The shooting
fires, in
two yards
apart, circular in
five to
conin
stitute a squad.
Each contestant
moving;
number
of targets in event,
is
shooting always at
known
trap and
unknown
angle.
This arrangement
com-
mended
3.
Targets enough for the entire day's shoot should be unpacked, and conin order to avoid delay and
on a hot day.
Each
trap by pulling
in opposite directions.
4.
man
interest.
378
5.
He
call
left
of shooters
"dead" or "lost"
He
should be
He
penman and
He
should
make
all
inoneys, and
He
The
to score
from
scores,
and
movement
is
place
place,
his
in
same way
score
to get next of
squad
When
he hands to
the
sheet
second
first
If
to
him the
score sheet
the shooting, call the attention of the Referee and the individual interested.
9.
faithful
record of
all
"dead" or "lost"
birds,
as called out
scorers,
one to record on
or, if there is
no blackboard, each to
eyes off the targets and on their work, and should take turns in calling back to
the Referee, to
10.
show
The Trap
he
may
call.
He
should promptly
do so
is
sure
I.
strong, active
carefully instructed
in
carriers carefully adjusted so as not to break targets because too light, or to let
them
fall
They should
working parts
oiled,
and
379
Added money
is
It
is,
however,
and often
be adopted where clubs can not afford to add to purses, such as guaranteed purses with surplus added.
liberal
in interesting shooters as
13.
added money.
is
Division of moneys
an important consideration.
away
all
shooters strive.
It
tournaments.
birds,
varying distances
and
styles of shooting.
In determining
its
advisability in a given
case, there should be taken into account the general sentiment prevailing
among
is
to be held.
field shooting.
brought into action and the "unexpected" should be an important element. Wherever it can be introduced, there should be one or more events each day requiring
targets at eighteen to twenty-one yards rise,
unknown
contain information as to
how
to attendants at the
tournament.
17.
"Dropping for
order, the attendance, but the real success of a tournament depends upon good conducted are events various the which with dispatch and smoothness fairness,
and the
HOW TO CONDUCT A
Much
in this case.
apply
Nor
is it
in
as level as possible
fifty-
yard boundary.
to shoot against.
The boundary
380
not actually employed in running the tournament should be kept at a good distance
to the rear or side.
The
or remarks pertaining to him while at the score should be permitted by the Referee,
who
2.
Ground
traps, of
The method of
is
wliat
called the
underground system.
It is
The
The
trapper loads the trap from underneath through a hole in the bottom of the trap.
The dead
score.
is
that recently
pit is
made
is
situated between
and
and 3
To
downward
a sloping manner.
Two
boys or
them.
men
in the pit
A bell
back to the score, and trappers can be notified from there, by ringing same, when to
load trap and
is
when
to retrieve.
is
free
Where
a club can not afiford the first-named system, or has not grounds
suitable for the second, the old style can be used, the trapping
score.
good
fast
dog
but
when a dog
is
not available, two good, active boys are necessary, one to load
The handling
roomy
of birds
is
an important matter.
The
in a large,
The
floor.
The
plenty of water and food until about eighteen hours before the shoot takes place,
of food.
They should be
and
good
sized crates,
by the
hands.
No
wounded
birds should be
imme-
is
a large
number
of entries,
the event can be shot in squads, each squad shooting entirely out before the next
381
But
may change
The
better
entries, until
some
at the
way
is,
the
an event
finished.
No
5.
of the Referee or Manager. In awarding prizes, high gans, or miss and out, are generally conceded the
best,
The method
money
of class
dividing
portions.
it
cuts the
lost art.
many
years ago some very fine single shot muzzle loading pistols of the
accuracy.
With
was
rein
The reawakening of
It
to great
improvement
metallic cartridges.
the
work of
the old duelling pistol could not only be equalled but surpassed,
and
and
firing
was so great
be indulged
in
with
little
or no fatigue.
As
pistol
America decided
the Standard
was
and
American
rifle
shooting,
the
rifle
was almost
clubs in the
Most of
pistol shooting
it
was followed
eflforts
in a desultory
manner,
were made
to establish
The
and mainly
at
competitions
it is
customary to issue
tickets in
was
first
being
30,
made by
H.
E.
J.
1890.
On
Dec.
1893,
S. Harris, of
and on Jan.
382
America continued
99
was not
until
Nov.
H. Taylor, of the
t^rst
American
target.
sensation
among
score.
the postol
marksmen
fine scores
On May
13, 1899,
Thomas Anderton,
possible 100 on the same target. secured the second perfect score of 100 out of a On April 20, 1901, E. E. Patridge, of the Massachusetts Rifle Association,
made with
Walnut Hill, a pistol in 10 shots on the Columbia target at 50 yards, at conditions. foregoing the under score record Mass., a score of 24, which is the
is
ammu-
was introduced
officers
and those
the tests
Other revol-
vers of smaller caliber were rarely shot at a distance beyond 10 or 12 yards. the meeting It was in 1886 that the first revolver match was introduced at
of the National Rifle Association, the range being 25 yards, and the target the old Creedmoor target. The match called for 3 scores to count a possible 150 points.
The highest
and
134.
About
made
or
ammu-
at a distance far
beyond what
About
this time a
in the
spring meeting
of the Massachusetts
and the
Among
the
marksmen who
shot in this
competition
who was
On
383
score with two of 49 out of 50, making- an aggregate of 148 out of a possible 150,
in a circle 5.54 inches in diameter, his perfect
in
on or
in
diameter.
Soon
after'
was decided
to double
the range, and on Oct. 15, 1886, Chevalier Ira Paine offered to give a demonstration of his skill in revolver shooting
by
firing
He
The
Co.'s ammunition,
all
points.
piece of
on
Major
C. C. Foster, of Massachusetts, on
March
17,
record with a revolver on the same conditions as Chevalier Paine, and secured
by a score of 877
points.
On
W. W.
Six hun-
50 measured
target
3 pound
pull,
day of the
contest.
He made
a protest
which, according to the conditions of the match, was referred to the secretary of
the National Rifle Association of America,
who
won
the match,
stakes.
title
and the
While preparing
finest
for this
match
at
Walnut
Hill,
in the
world.
was
his
custom
to fire
He
M.
C.
ammunition
and secured
points.
\k
384
department of shooting
In
all
matches,
pistol,
magazine
matches
but
if
call for
any particular arm, the shooting must be done with that arm
of
Classification
Pocket revolver
;
Arms.
A,
;
Military
Any
revolver;
C,
D, Magazine
pistol
E,
Any
pistol.
A.
Military Revolver:
its
Army
or Navy, or such as
is
conforms
and ammunition to
Any
Revolver
A
:
maximum
weight, 3 pounds
maximum
C.
Pocket Revolver
;
A A
maximum
weight,
25 ounces D.
maximum
Magazine Pistol:
magazine;
E.
3
maximum
Pistol
Any
;
Any
maximum
weight,
pounds
maximum
Trigger Pull.
revolver; 2 1-2 pounds for any revolver; 4 pounds for a magazine pistol;
pistol.
The
must be
no aperture or peep
sights,
On
On
any
also
may
and any
The use
of a notch for a
may
is
desired manner.
Ammunition.
If factory
ammunition
called for
it
shall be of
anv make,
Cleaning.
In
their
arms between
scores or between series of shots, provided such cleaning does not delay the firing,
which
shall
when time
limit is required.
must be
fully charged, or a
386
number
With
magazine
pistols the
magazine must be
fully
charged or contain
sufficient cart-
No arms
the
arm
is
cither
Position.
ficial
The position
shall
be as follows:
arti-
hand
arm extended
free
in
any way.
full size,
The
having an 8-inch
bullspistol.
eve, shall be
The same
30 yards distance.
in
The same
target reduced,
bullseye,
The United
8x10 inches
all
military matches
The
Any
may
be used.
Unless
when
the tar-
Value of Shots.
count.
is
given;
The
holes in any
way
is
not permitted.
if
Appeals.
In case of a challenge or
may
be
dissatisfaction in
with the shooting, in matches or practice, being referred to the Executive Officer,
made
in writing to the
the de-
Committee
shall be final.
Management.
aided by assistants.
2.
The Executive
386
in his
The Executive
They
Officer
and
and others.
will see that the competitors are stationed in rear of firing points,
until called
The score-keeper
each shot
Score-keepers
shall, as
is
name
of the competitor and the value of the shot, and, at the conclusion of the score of
name and
total score.
keeper during the progress of the match, but in such a manner as not to interfere
Officer
The
Committee
however, to
members of
decision.
II.
Rifles.
ten ex-
pounds,
The rifles allowed in the competitions must have a maximum weight minimum pull of trigger three pounds with sights of any description,
;
cept telescope, magnifying and such front aperture sights as solid disks or bushes
pierced in the centre, which cover the target so as to conceal the danger-signal
when
to the
displayed.
rifle
No
coil, will
be allowed.
and ammunition
for in-
Targets.
Creed.mook Target.
The following
Creedmoor
I.
now
in
general use:
6x12
feet.
in
diameter.
x 6
feet.
feet.
387
Second
class, to
feet.
be used at
all
yards.
Target, 6x6
Target, 4 by 6
feci.
Outer, square, 4 by 6
feet.
The Creedmoor
it is still
target
is
now
German Ring
Bullseye, 12 inches.
Target.
The whole
.^^^^rR3^>c
OFFHAND
2 3 4 5 6 7
DATE
SSlOT^iJf^^f 2 3
.WEATHER
i
4 5 6
.WIND.
10
TOTAl
LOCATION.
1-2 inches,
Bullseye, circular,
Bullseye, circular, Bullseye, circular,
circular, circular, circular,
Count
Count Count
Count Count
6.
5.
388
2.
I.
Count
For
rest
The remainder
of the target, 4
by 6
;
feet.
inside of
|S.T
CLASS
389
Executive Offi-
cer,
The Executive
Officer
may,
lenge the marking of any shot the allowance of which would be unjust to other
competitors, and correct the score accordingly.
4.
Any
nalled,
5.
have been
fired
on the same
target.
shown
for
one
but
it
shall
shooter to challenge the scoring (without being required to deposit), and the Executive Officer
may
Where
to
two shots
have scored
him
Any
must be witnessed by an
initials.
officer
in
Double
to count in
more
No
is in
for that purpose by the Executive Officer, and in no case on targets on which a
match
Officer.
9.
progress, unless in
an
No
scorer
is
V.
1.
Position.
In
all
be standing.
2.
At
may
be taken with-
out
artificial rests to
or body.
VI. Ties.
Ties shall be decided as follows,
viz.
A
I.
distance,
By
3.
By
tance
By
4.
By
5.
By
the fewest
390
inners
to
;
By
7.
By
first,
as actually fired
;
8.
longest distance
distance.
in
team shooting, by
man
at the longest
B.
I.
At one
distance,
By
;
7,
in-
clusive
2.
tie,
by
single shots;
3.
In team shooting,
man
upon the
At one or more
:
rules
By foregoing Rule A,
shooting as per Rule B,
3 to 7, inclusive;
2.
By
treating the scores, in the order in which they are made, as one continuous score
J.
By
2.
D.
In single-score matches, on
shall
s'.iot
rank lowest
if still
tie,
and,
if still
tie,
by each
No
General Rules.
the closing limit for receiving entries, shall be at the discretion of the Executive
Officer.
2.
An
entry-ticket, except
when
it
sold in block,
Statistical
may
be transferred at any
to the
Any
if
erasure or substitution of
3.
name by
made
any participant
4.
lUillscye
thirty
days,
claimed within three months after having been won, shall be forfeited to the Association.
The Executive
ply badges to same.
Officer shall
have power
and sup-
may
order.
VIII. Pen.\ltik.s.
I.
391
No
name
besides his
3wn
in
3.
is
as-
hour
set
opening of a match
(The
matches.)
Any member
shooting at pool or
All competitors and other persons must preserve order and decorum, 4. submit to the direction and decision of the Executive Officer, and make all objections and protests, if any, to the proper officials, in a manner which will
Rifles
may be
discharged only in
is
firing
at
the
target
in
pools
or
matches,
when
the danger-flag
may
rifle
be designated (in that case, without bullet), and any competitor or other
rifle
person discharging a
in
his
may be
disqualified for
Officer
Any violation of rules or discreditable conduct which the Executive may consider of such magnitude as to require it, shall be reported to
Any
shooter firing upon the
wrong
if
before he proceeds with his score, and the shot shall be recorded a miss.
As
arm
after firing.
If
gas
Any
is
part that
may appear
little oil.
Cedarolcum, one of
quickly remove
the residue of the nitro powders as well as black, and act at the
anti-corrosive.
It is
same time as an
it
salt
water,
making
desirable
on the
sea.
HOW TO
When
and
392
to be present.
an excellent place
to meet.
The
meeting should be called to order by one of the promoters, and a Chairman and
Secretary should be elected to act until a permanent organization
the object of the meeting has been sufficiently discussed, and
sire to
all
is
effected. After
present
who
de-
their
names, a Committee
name
and
to draft to
and By-Laws
for
have
when ready
to report.
At
action should be taken on the report of the Committee, and the organization should
be completed by electing
officers.
to secure
same and
and whatever
necessary for an
outfit.
Name
of
Club, object, officers and method of electing same, duties of officers, conditions of
membership and method of electing to same, fees, initiation and annual dues, method of dealing wdth members in arrears, how membership may be terminated, forfeiture of rights and interests, how the Constitution may be amended.
By-Laws should
for shoots,
and auditing
may
may
The following
whose
President,
affairs; a Vice-President,
who
acts in
a Secretary,
who
issues notices
who
collects
expected
who
GAME LAWS.
It
has been found more convenient for those contemplating a hunt to know
be killed, rather than
when
protected.
This
article,
therefore,
The
is
permitted to
kill
game.
to
January
i,"
signifies that
mentioned may be
made
of
all
game laws
in the
United States
393
accordance
with the
latest public
enactments.
In the United States and Canada (or British Possessions) laws protecting
their nests
and prohibiting
all
unsportsmanlike
methods, such as swivel and other than shoulder guns, batteries, blinds, sneak or punt
boats, night hunting, hunting
by
artificial lights,
disturbing roosts and nests of birds and fowl, are so almost universal that
not
necessary to repeat or specifically mention them under the various States, Territories or Provinces.
It is
In general,
it
mav
game laws
by imprisonment
also.
IN
In certain
more Counties.
Sportsmen
Alabama
November
to
'Chinese,
Quail,
March
partridge,
i.
15 to
31.
Turkey, February
to
March
i
i.
Deer, September
i.
December
to
February
Protected:
Prohibited:
pond, or lake
exporting
Sunday hunting.
Male
Local laws.
snipe, rail,
15.
Arizona
October 15 to March
tected
:
deer, turkey,
November
15 to
December
fawn and
Pro-
Camel,
:
elk,
deer, spotted
antelope.
Prohibited
ithan 25
Killing of
in a
day or three
in a season, or
more
duck or quail
in a
exporting.
i
Arkansas
to
Quail,
i
October
to Alarch
i.
Turkey, September
to
May
i.
Deer, September
to
March
i.
December
I.
Prohibited: Exporting.
California
plover, October
curlew,
i.
ibis,
to
February
i.
Dove,
squirrel,
August
to
February
?^Iale
deer, August i to October i. Protected: Female deer, spotted fawn, antelope, elk, mountain sheep, Mongolian or English pheasant, or bobwhite or Eastern or Chinese quail, or English partridge. Prohibited More than 3 deer in one season,
:
25
50 ducks or 20
rails in
ing.
Local laws.
Colorado
Turkey,
August 15
to
Oc-
394
tober 31.
September
to April 15
in altitudes
exceeding 7,000
September
15 to April 15.
15 to September 30.
to
November
5.
Elk having horns, October 25 to November 5. Protected Quail, pheasant, partProhibited: Killing, ridge, ptarmigan, bison, buffalo, mountain sheep, beaver.
by one person, more than 50 ducks and 25 other birds in one day, or more than one elk, antelope and deer, or two antelope, or two deer, instead of one of each,
in
one season
Connecticut
Quail,
31.
woodcock,
rail,
ruffled grouse,
to
i
November
to
30. 31.
Snipe, plover,
gallinules,
mud-hen, shore
i
September
Hare,
March
i
to
March
rabbit,
October
to
:
December
Killing
Prohibited
more than 50
in
one year
Sunday shooting
to February
exporting.
Delaware
31.
Quail,
November
i.
15 to
December
Pro-
Reed
September
i
to April 15.
Woodcock,
;
is
exporting.
Non-residents
District of Columbia
I
Quail,
November
i
to
March
15.
15.
Woodcock, July
to
January
i.
to
March
pheasant,
I.
November
to
December
26.
Squirrel, rabbit,
i
November
i.
to
February
snipe, plover,
i
September
February
:
to April
bird,
to
i.
Prohibited
Sunday hunting.
i
Florida Quail,
uary 31,
Prohibited:
turkey,
November
to
March
i.
Deer, October
to Jan-
More than
25 quail to one person, or 6 turkeys and 50 quail to one party in one day deer; exporting from County where killed. Non-residents taxed $10.00.
sale of
Georgia
Quail,
November
i
to
March
i.
15.
to January
Pro-
Sunday hunting.
Exporting partridge,
Idaho
August 15
January
Quail,
to
October 31 to December
i.
Partridge,
i.
pheasant, grouse,
and
i.
fool hen,
August 15
to
December
March
to
I.
Elk, September
to
December
i.
Protected:
two
elk
exporting.
395
will
be confiscated except
November
Snipe,
to
December
20.
i i
ridge,
September
September
30.
Dove, August
to
December
i.
plover, September
I I.
to April 15.
Duck, goose, brant, all water fowl, September Turkey, September l to January 15. Squirrel, July i to December
to April 25.
Non-residents taxed
$10.00.
all
Indiana
Quail,
i.
November
i. i.
10 to January
Squirrel,
June
to
October
i,
15,
to October
to
October
i,
Protected: Deer,
quail or
kinds of pheasants.
;
Killing of
more than 24
duck
in
Non-residents' license,
$25.00.
Indian Territory
All
i
game
Iowa Quail,
Duck, goose, brant,
to April 15.
November
to
January January
i.
December
i.
Woodcock, July 10
birds,
to
i.
i
plover, sandpiper,
i
marsh or beach
i.
September
Squirrel,
to April
June
i.
to
September
November
or fowl
in
Protected: Deer,
;
elk,
Prohibited:
birds
highway
;
killing
more than 25
one day
trespassing
Kansas
October
i.
Quail,
December
to 31.
Protected:
Pheasant,
meadow-lark.
Kentucky
icock,
i.
WoodTurkey,
June 20 to February
i
Dove, August
to
February
i.
i.
September
to
February
i.
i.
Squirrel,
June
15 to February
Deer, September
to
March
i.
Louisiana
October
i
Dove,
i.
i
October
to
i
March
to
i. i.
Turkey,
to
May
Wood
i.
teal,
August
May
15.
Other
ducks, September
to April
Prohibited:
Hunting
at
any time by
idlers,
Maine
October
April
I
September 15 to December
i. i.
Quail,
to
August
to
May
Duck,
to April 30,
September
to
December
i.
Decem-
;;
396
ber
I.
to
December
;
15.
Protected:
Capercailzie,
;
all
kinds of
cow or
calf
moose.
Prohibited
in
Killing
more than
January
IMaryland Quail, partridge, turkey, ruffed grouse, pheasant, November i to i. Woodcock, July i to July 31, September i to January i. Dove, August 15 to December 24. Snipe, plover, August 15 to May i. Water rail, ortolan, reed bird, rail bird, September i to November i. Duck, goose, swan, brant, November
I
to April
10.
i.
Rabbit,
November
to
February
i.
Squirrel,
September
to
December
Local laws.
jNIassaciiusetts
Quail,
to
to
December
i.
rail, all
and beach
i
birds, July 15 to
i.
^lay
Wood
teal,
September
to
March
of duck, September
I.
May
20.
Gray
October
to
March
Protected: Deer, pinnated grouse, wild pigeon, gull, tern; Mongolian, English
Prohibited:
;
woodcock or partridge.
Local laws.
Michigan
ber 30.
blue
bill,
Quail,
Novem-
Partridge,
Upper
Peninsula, October
to
November
30.
Jack snipe,
pin-tail, whistler,
ducks,
March
i
water fowl,
October
to
November
30.
Deer,
November 8
30.
to
November
30,
gray
to
squirrel,
I.
October 15 to November
November
31.
15
May
to
August
Pro-
tected:
Prairie chicken,
Prohibited
Exporting
selling.
NonDove,
Minnesota
to
Quail,
to
December
i.
November
all
i.
October
31.
Duck, goose,
brant,
30.
to
January
i.
Deer, November
15 to
10 to
20.
November
Protected:
Moose
November
November
Imported pheasants.
season
;
more than
;
3 deer in
one
moose,
more than 25
all
water fowl
exporting.
game
from
citizens of States
having
397
Septem-
to
May
full
i.
Dove,
lark, deer,
March
Laws
game
Missouri Quail,
(to
November
i.
January
i
i.
Woodcock, dove,
i.
August
i.
to January
Duck,
October
to April
Deer, October
killed
to
January
Prohibited:
Exporting
and
hunting by non-residents
Montana
I
September
to
December
Sage hen,
i
turtle dove,
August
Male
to
December
i
15.
Goose, duck,
to
May
i
i.
elk,
September
i.
to
November
i.
September
to
January
Protected:
Moose, bison,
caribou, buffalo, quail, pheasant, mountain sheep, antelope, beaver, female elk.
Prohibited:
,a
Killing
more than
six deer or
elks in
calendar year or 20 grouse, prairie chicken, fool hen, pheasant, sage hen, turtle
Nebraska
legs,
to
November
30.
Deer
November
15.
Protected:
Quail, elk
Killing
brants, or 25 other
in a season
;
game
shooting
Nevada
Sage
to
hen, July
hill
to
March
to
i.
i.
crane,
mud
September
March
15.
antelope,
September
November
i.
Protected:
elk,
fand antelope,
fawn, caribou,
Prohibited:
season.
Exporting;
selling, killing
one
New HampshireWoodcock,
September 15 to December
sheldrake and loon),
Carroll
rail,
15.
(except
August
Gray
to January 31.
i
to
December
October 15 to March
Hare,
rabbit,
squirrel, raccoon,
September 15
January
i.
October
to
March
31.
Protected:
:
caribou, elk,
Prohibited
Killing of
in
one
398
Engand
lish pheasant,
November lo
January
to
i.
January
i.
Woodcock, July
to July 31
i
October
to
to April 30
i
and August 25
to
December
Reed
December
31.
to
September
30.
to
May
i.
Prohibited:
Sunday
to
December
i.
Exporting.
to
December
15.
Woodcock, September
to
December
15.
Wilson
mud
hen, gallinule, surf bird, curlew, water chicken, jack snipe, shore bird.
i
September
to April 30.
to April
29
Jef15.
to
January
i
31.
Deer, September
15.
to
November
squirrel,
September
i
to
December
i,
to
November
February
tected
:
Pro-
Mongolian ring-
Prohibited
Exporting
in
one seacon.
Local laws.
North Carolina
vember
October
I i
Quail,
Duck,
31.
mocking
bird, turkey,
10.
No-
to to
:
March
15.
Deer,
trap.
December
Protected:
;
partridge
from net or
Prohibited
Local laws.
North Dakota
Prairie
i
woodcock, September
to
October
to
May
and
I.
Deer,
November
10 to December
pheasant, swan, buffalo, moose, elk, caribou, mountain sheep, antelope, beaver
otter.
Prohibited
Killing
more than 25
more
than
five
residents, $25.00.
Ohio Quail,
squirrel,
1
turkey,
to
rabbit,
i.
November 10
to
December
i.
Woodcock,
to
August
September
November 10
December
i
and March 10
15
to April 20.
mud
all
hen, September
to
December
tected:
and March
15 to April 20,
Pro-
Prohibited:
399
quail,
killing of
more than i8
woodcock,
when they
Oklahoma
September
i
Quail,
October 15 to February
i.
Prairie
chicken,
31.
:
turkey,
to
January
to
December
Protected:
Prohibited
Exporting.
Oregon
I
Prairie
i.
chicken,
to
December
to
December
i
i.
Both groups
i
;
to
March
Jackson,
i
counties,
5 to
January
one day.
Coos, August
rail,
to
Feb-
in
Water
i
upland plover,
i.
August
January
i.
to January
i.
Buck
deer,
November
Female
August 15
to
November
i
Baker, October
to 15.
China pheasant.
;
Tilla-
mook, Josephine, Jackson, Coos, Curry, Clatsop counties ruffed grouse, Tillamook county English partridge, capercailzie, moor hen, turkey, woodcock, silver,
;
East of Cascade
county,
,15
Mountains
i.
August
to
15.
November
Wasco
county, October
i
to
November
Protected:
counties
;
Wasco
to October
15.
Imported pheasants,
Lake
Wasco
to
Pennsylvania
squirrel, black
Quail,
December
15.
Woodcock, July
i.
to
31 and October 15 to
bird,
December
December
15.
Rail, reed
i.
September
to
i
November
to
30.
Water
15.
fowl, September
elk,
i
i
to
May
Hare,
rabbit,
November
Deer,
November
to
to 30.
15.
English,
December
killing
Prohibited:
for sale;
Sunday hunting;
killing deer in
stre::rxi,
pond or lake;
game
exporting; killing more than two deer in one season, or more than 15 quail, 2
turkeys, 10 each of pheasant and woodcock, in one day.
Rhode Island
December
15.
Woodcock,
15 to
March
31.
(except black and wood), peep, plover, snipe, yellow leg, shore birds, no close
season.
i.
Protected:
Pheas-
Prohibited
Exporting of woodcock,
400
Quail,
i
November
i
I to
April
I.
Dove, August
March
i
i.
to
February
i; other counties,
September
to
January
i.
Protected:
Mongolian
Local laws.
South Dakota
Quail,
i
to
January
to
May
otter.
15.
to
May
i.
Deer,
elk, buffalo,
January
;
i.
Protected:
Selling
elk,
exporting
killing
more than 25
day, or
Tennessee
only and for
Quail,
November
i
to ]\Iarch
i.
i.
Deer, by residents
own
i.
consumption, August
i
to
to
January
Local laws.
Prairie chicken,
i
Texas
to
March
i.
15.
August
February
to April
Deer, September
to
January
i.
Antelope, September
I
to
January
i.
to
February
i.
Utah Quail,
I.
October
to
March
i,
in
counties only.
to
December
i
Dove, July
15.
to
December
i.
Duck, goose,
October
to
January
Deer, October 15 to
November
Protected:
Quail, except in
otter.
Prohibited
Ex-
porting; killing
in
one season,
Vermont
October
liare,
i
Quail,
i
to
December
plover,
31.
November
19.
Upland
August 15
i
November
i.
30.
Rabbit,
September
to April 30.
31.
Otter,
November
to April
October 22 to October
Protected:
p.
]\Ioose,
a.
caribou,
beaver.
m. and 5
exporting.
to Janu-
Virginia
ary
I.
in
February
I
5 to
January
5.
Woodcock, November
i.
to April
to
January
Marsh
hen,
September
Duck, goose,
I.
all
to
May
uary
Prohibited:
most counties.
Local laws.
Protected:
401
August 15
to
December
quail, bob-
August 15
December
i.
Sage
lien, prairie
chicken,
Klickitat
all
Kittitas,
rail,
Yakima and
counties,
September 15
15 to
November
i.
15.
Plover,
water
fowl,
August
March
Male moose,
mountain sheep, goat, September i to November I. ProSpotted fawn, quail, sage hen, prairie chicken in Kittitas and Yak. ma ;Counties; female moose, elk, caribou, antelope, mountain sheep and goat. Proelk. caribou, antelope,
'tected:
hibited
Killing
elk,
each of caribou,
;
West Virginia
March
i
to
December
20.
Ruffed and
15.
Snipe.
to January 15.
Turkey, September 15
i.
Deer, October 15 to
quail,
December
15.
Protected:
Fawn.
Prohibited:
pheasant, ruffed grouse; killing more than 12 quail or partridges in one day.
Wisconsin
Woodcock,
i
all
September
to
to
November
31.
30.
Duck, brant,
i
all
water fowl,
i.
i
December
i.
Goose, September
to
May
Rab-
squirrel, July
to
May
to
to
May
Deer,
November 10
November 30;
counties.
all
protected in
Protected:
;
varieties
fawn.
more than
license,
two deer
in
one season
trespassing.
Non-resident
game, $10.00.
prairie chicken, prairie hen, grouse,
to
Wyoming
'15 to
Partridge, pheasant,
i.
August
December
October
15.
tattler,
to
May
i.
Deer,
elk,
to
December
i.
Pro-
tected:
Prohibited:
Ex-
killing in
two
Hunting,
killing,
wounding
or capturing of any bird or wild animal, except dangerous animals, and then only
402
NORTH AMERICA.
lark, bittern,
i
Grouse,
28.
all
elk,
September
i
to
December
31.
September
to
February
to
December
I\Iarch 31.
14.
Beaver,
November
March
31.
Otter, marten,
elk,
November
2 to
goat,
kinds.
Prohibited:
more than
exporting
buying or
selling
sheep.
Manitoba
November
Male of
to
14.
Prairie
i
September 15
i
to
Woodcock,
August
i
to
December
31.
to
December
31.
Duck, September
to
DecemDer
September 15
November
Prohibited
killing
more than 20
in
Non-residents
taxed $25.00.
September 15 to November
i
30.
Woodcock.
5nipe, duck, goose, brant, September east of River St. John, September 15 to
.15 to
to
December
31.
i.
December
Mink,
October
March
31.
Protected:
:
beaver.
Prohibited
;
Sunday hunting.
residents, $2.00
non-residents, $30.00.
Local laws.
NicwFouNDLAND
15 to January 12.
Partridge,
12.
September
September 15 to January
March
i.
Caribou.
i
Otter, October
elk
to
March
31.
:
14.
Protected:
Moose,
and beaver.
Prohibited
.to kill
caribou, for
doc.
;
months, $80.00.
NoRTiiwicsT Tf.rritoriks
to
Partridge,
pi])<.r,
i
December
15.
Duck,
snipe, sand
August 23
15.
to
May
5.
Deer,
elk,
moose,
to
December
December
15.
Protected: Buffalo.
403
in
one day.
Nova Scotia Woodcock, snipe, teal, blue-winged and wood duck, SepPartridge, October i to November 30. Rabbit, hare, I to March i.
i
October
to
February
i.
i
Moose, caribou,
to
September
Protected:
15
to
January
carilx)u
i.
Beaver, mink,
November
February
28.
Moose,
in
capercailzie, sharp-tailed
Prohibited
moose or
caribou.
birds,
hares,
rabbits,
and $30.00 to
other game.
i
Ontario
September
15.
Quail, November
woodcock, snipe,
to
December
all
i.
15.
Grouse,
all
kinds, pheashare,
ant, partridge,
rail,
squirrel,
i
15 to
December
i.
15.
Duck,
September
to
to
i
May
Deer,
November
rat,
January
to April
to 15. South
of
line,
Moni
young
deer.
Prohibited
bull
Sunday hunting;
moose,
I
killing deer in
exporting.
Quebec
Divided
15.
into
two zones:
;
Zone
comprising
all
of
province
south and west of Saguenay River Woodcock, snipe, plover, curlew, tattler, and piper, September i to February i. Birch or swamp partridge, September
I
to
December
i.
White
partridge,
to
February
tember
to April 15.
i
Caribou,
September
Mink,
to April
i.
Muskrat, April
Killing
to
May
I.
i.
Prohibited:
one season.
Birch or
Zone
2,
comprising
all
of province north
Same
I.
as in
Zone
i,
except as follows:
i.
ber 15 to February
White
partridge, ptarmigan,
i.
November
i
15 to
i.
Alarch
Otter,
Muskrat, November
i
to April
i.
October 15 to April
Killing
Caribou, September
in
:
to
March
Prohibited:
one season.
In both
Zones Prohibited
Yarding or
cruising.
Non-residents taxed
the sea$25.00 for general permit, $20.00 for fur animals, $10.00 for birds for
INDEX
Aiming,
90,
122.
American Arms Company Arms, 130. American Shooting Association, 366. Angle of Fire, 9.
Anvil, 31. 33< 349-
Armory
Practice, 107.
27. 157. i74, 178. 180, 182, 190,
Burchard Revolver. 145. Burgess Magazine Gun, 145. Burgess Repeating Shotgun, Burnside Rifle, 29, 146. Burton Magazine Gun, 147.
Caliber,
9. 49,
146.
Automatic Ejectors.
203.
50, 68,
245,
249,
^.
255,
267,
282, 283,
285,
347,
Candle Practice,
105,
167. 106.
^ Automatic Loadmg, 142, 345. Automatic Pistol. 142, 150. Automatic Safeties, 129, 132,
348.
Carbine, 7. 9, 349. Cartridge Belts, 82. . Cartridges, 14, 22, 25, 36, 37, 39.
159,
190,
248,
Cedaroleum,
391.
148.
Chamber.
Charge.
7,
8.
9,
of
Dividing Money,
149.
8,
15.
16,
17,
Barrel Cleaners, 21, 127. Barrel Drilling Machine, Batavia Gun. 133. 136.
Beach Combination
Beals Rifle. 136. Beardsley Bullet,
53. Rifle, 137. Berthier Rifle, 137.
Combination Rear Sight, Comblain Rifle, 155. Combustion, 67. Compression, 95.
Concussion, 98. Conlin Pistol, 305-
II.
Berner
386.
Blake Rifle, 138. Blank Cartridges. 25, 26. Boch Magazine Gun, 141. Borchardt Rifle, 142. Breech Block, 7, 8, 10. Breech Loaders, 7, 8, 13S,
Cummins
136, 142, I55, 161, 171, 176, 178, 179. 183, 194. 197, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 249. 250, 252, 254, 264, 265, 266, 277, 280, 283. 292. 293. 296. 298, 299. 308. 310. 311. 313. 314, 341, 342. 3447,
Daly Guns,
156.
16.
Damascus
Barrels,
160.
Breech Mechanism,
10.
De
142.
Bridgeport Tools. 72. 76. Briggs-Kneeland Magazine Gun. Broughton Guns. 142.
Dexter
Rifle.
161.
Dividing
Money Systems,
375.
143.
127.
Double Birds. 374. Duplex Rifle Telescope, Durst Gun, 161. Dutch Cartridge, 35.
Earnest Gun, 161.
116.
144-
Bullets, 40, 41. 42, 43. 44. 45. 46, 5, 78, 108.
405
406
Elasticity, 97Elliot Breech Loader, i6i. Elliot Magazine Gun, 162. Elterich Ritlcd Bullet Shell. 341.
INDEX
Hotz Gun Barrel Reliever, Hunt Magazine Gun. 187.
Ideal
20.
System of Numbering
Ignition, 67.
Evans Magazine Gun, 163. Expanding Bullets, 70, 167. Express Bullets, 43. 50, 56,
Extractor,
8,
59-
I39- 164.
Impact, 95, 98. Inaccuracies of Fire, 86, 87, 88, 89. Incorporating Mill, 66. Inflammation, 67.
Initial Velocity, 8. Interstate Association 351, 358.
10.
Trap-Shooting
Rules,
171.
171. 129,
Firing-pin,
10,
132.
Fixed Chamber,
135. 136. 141. M2, I43, 7. 8, 145, 147. 148. 155. 161, 175, 176, 178. 183, 187. 194, 197, 206. 2y]. 239, 240. 241, 263, 264,
Joslyn Gun,
194. 194.
Joslyn-Tomes Gun,
283,
292,
298,
308,
310,
311,
Z^Z^
Fogerty Gun, 171. Folded Head Cartridges. 27. Folding Hammer, 185. Folsom New American Gun, Ford Gun, 172.
172.
Keene-Remington Magazine Gun, Kelton Gun, 196. Kennedy Rifle, 196. 252. Kentucky Rifle, 197. King Rifle Telescope, 117. Kirk Rifle. 197.
Knife Attachment, 182, 257. Krag-Jorgensen Rifle, 197, 348.
Laidley Musket, 199.
195.
Forehand Arms.
Fouling, 126, 127.
172.
346. 175.
Laminated Barrels,
Lancaster Rifle. 137, Larsen Gun, 200.
16.
Freeman Gun,
176.
28.
I99-
Game Laws,
392.
Gardner Magazine Gun. 177. German Ring Target, 387. Glenwood Gun, 178. Gould Express Bullet, 64. Gould Pistol. 305. Gripman Reloading Tool, yTGrooves,
9,
Lee Gun. 13, 200, 257, 258, 294. Lee Straight Pull Rifle, 200. 318, 333Lefever Gun, 203. Leopold Rifle Telescope, 120. Lewis-Rice Magazine Gun, 206. Line of Sight, 87.
Live Bird Shooting, 370, 379Loading, 8. 80, 81. Locks, 7, 10, 247.
19, 20.
12.
Greene Gun,
178.
Guard
Plate, 12, 13. Barrels, 15. 17- 18. Clubs. 391. Safeties, 127, 128, 129.
236.
-/i.
289, 391207.
Lyman Rest, 91. Lyman Sights. 11, 12, 87. Lyman Target for Rapid
Magazine Guns,
144, 164, 196. 252.
145,
13,
14.
Firing, ill.
Hamilton
Hammer.
189.
147,
148.
149.
Hammerless Guns,
203,
242,
254,
179.
279,
280,
283,
306,
314,
346. 347-
Hampden Gun,
171, 175. "^n^ 178, 179. 183, 187, 195, 197, 200. 206. 217. 235, 237, 239, 241, 257. 259. 264. 266, 277, 293, 295. 296, 297. 298. 308. 309. 311. 313, 315. 347, 348. Magazine Pistols. 23. 24. Malcolm Rifle Telescope. 118.
Harrington and Richardson Arms, Heal Rifle. 348. Helm Gun, 183.
180.
Henry Rifle, 183. 234. Hepburn-Remington Rifle. 183. High (Juns System of Dividing Money,
llollcnbeck Gun. 307.
Manufacture of Gun Barrels. Marksmanship, 84. Marlin Arms, 134, 217. Martin Cartridge, 2,2,. Martini-Henry Rifle, 234. 249,
376.
15.
263.
184, 237.
187.
Mauser Rifle. 235. Maynard Rifle, 29. 236. Mc'Clean Magazine Gun, McFarlane Bullet, 62.
i^y.
INDEX
Meigs Gun, 13. Merrill Gun, 2'>)T. Merwin-Hulbert Revolver,
Metallic Case Cartridge,
7,
407
9,
Recoil,
237.
28.
10,
II, 86.
Recoil Pads, 94, 95. Reinforced Cartridges, 32. Reloading Cartridges, 28. 70. Reloading Tools, 71, 72, -]},, 75.
Remington Arms, 183, 196. 254. Remington Reloading Tools, TJ. Remington Tliree-Barreled Rifle,
Repeaters,
7.
263.
144,
146,
Revolvers, 22,
154.
Ejector,
23, 24. 130, 137, 174, 180. 181, 185. 186, 237, 261, 277, 285, 310, 384.
152,
206,
153, 230.
Morgenstern Gun,
Morse Cartridge,
Moulds. 41, Mountings,
7,
42, 44.
12.
Rifle Barrels, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22. 235. Rifle Telescopes, 113, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120.
117,
118,
Rim-primed Cartridges,
Rifle,
29,
30.
Muir-Monstrom
241.
Roberts Gun. 263. Robertson Rifle, 264. Rose System of Dividing Money, 375. Rotary Motion, 9.
Round
National Rifle Association of America, 103. New Era Guns, 281. New Jersey State Rifle Association, 104.
Shot. 48. 49. 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 108.
95.
Rumsey Gun.
264.
New
347.
Russell-Livermore Gun. 265. Russell Magazine Gun, 264. Russian Berdan Rifle, 265.
Rust, 22, 126, 127.
Orndorff
Belt, 83.
Safeties. 127,
131.
151,
Packets, 138, 170, 179, 3i3Palm Rest, 93. Paper Cartridges, 25, 26, 2"], 28.
& Wesson
277.
108.
Revolver, 277.
Parker Guns, 15, 243. Patched Bullets, 45, 46. 53. Peabody-Martini Rifle, 31, 234, Peabody Rifle, 249.
Penetration,
9,
Seating of Bullet.
96, 97.
Phoenix
Rifle.
252.
Sharps Rifle. 35. 179. 277, 333Sharps-Borchardt Rifle. 279. Sharps-Hankins Rifle, 280. Shattuck Guns. 280.
Shells. 70, 71. 72. 75.
200,
262,
288,
107.
131.
Pope Rest, 92, 93. Pope System of Rifling, 20. Pope Wind Gauge and Elevating Powder, 40, 66. 68, 69. 80, 81. 107.
134. 136, 146. 156. r8S, 193. 194. ^03. 295, 304. 306. 307. 242.-243, 314, 317, 335. 337, 338. 339. 340, 344. 347Sidle Rifle Telescope, 120. Sights, 7, II, 24. 87, 89. 121, 122. 123, 124. 125, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213. 214.
178.
184,
280.
281.
283.
Sight,
124.
Simmons Guns.
Single
Loaders,
200, 240,
14,
137.
I45.
M^.
309.
148.
183.
Powder Charge.
Primers,
Projectiles,
i^,
330.
293,
299,
308.
311.
315.
97.
252.
Single Shot Pistols. 22. 304, 312. Single Triggers, 346, 347Sleeper Rifle, 283.
Rabbeth Bullet. 59. Ranges, no, in. 112, 376. Rebounding Hammers, 183, 280, 348. Rebounding Locks, 130, 247, 286.
Re-capper,
75,
Smith Guns, 283. Smith & Wesson Arms. 277- 285. Smokeless Powder, 68, 69, 107. I39. Smoot Gun. 292. Snap Shot Telescope, 120.
Solid
166, 275.
Head
76,
^T,
78.
408
spencer Rifle, 13. I97. 293. Sponccr-Ropcr Shotgun, 295. Sporer Gun, 29(1. Sporting Arms, 7.
Springfield-Allin Rifle, 297Springfield-Jones Magazine Gun. 297. Springfield Magazine Rifle, 348. Springfield Rifle, 149. 196. 199. 239. 296. Standard American Target, 387.
INDEX
Trigger,
13. 24. 86,
129,
130, 384.
Updegraff
Rifle,
310.
310.
Standard Gauges,
16,
38.
Starr Rifle. 298. Stetson Magazine Gun, 298. Stevens Arms", 299. Stock, 7. 10, II. 13. 86. Swift Revolver, 206.
Volcano
Wads, 74, 82, 107. Ward-Burton Rifle. 147, Wesson Pistol, 312. Wesson Rifle, 57, 61.
Westley-Richards White Gun, 313.
102.
31
1-
Rifle, 313.
Target Practice,
103, 104.
105. lot-). 109. no. 386. 387. 388. Target Tournaments. 2,11 Telescope Sights, 12. 113. II4. USTesting Rifles. 91, 92. Thomas Gun. 308. Three-harrel Guns. 156. Tiesing Magazine Gun. 308.
Wick Plug
Wilkcsbarre Hammerless Gun, 314. Winchester Arms, 13, 34- 35. 164. 183. 200, Winchester Reloading Tools, 78.
Wind Gauge
21.
Tower Musket.
Trajectory.
tion, 366.
9.
309.
Winters Recoil Pad, 94, Wohlgemuth Gun, 341. Worrell Rifle, 341 WurfBein Arms, 342
309.
121.
Yager
Rifle, 343.
Trap Rules of
the
344.
Trap
358.
LOAN
This book
is
DEPT.
due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.
U.C.
BERKELEY LIBRARIES
cosabasbMM
NIA LIBRARY